1
|
Lal K, Jaywant SA, Arif KM. Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for Real-Time Detection of Nitrate in Water. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7099. [PMID: 37631636 PMCID: PMC10457996 DOI: 10.3390/s23167099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The health and integrity of our water sources are vital for the existence of all forms of life. However, with the growth in population and anthropogenic activities, the quality of water is being impacted globally, particularly due to a widespread problem of nitrate contamination that poses numerous health risks. To address this issue, investigations into various detection methods for the development of in situ real-time monitoring devices have attracted the attention of many researchers. Among the most prominent detection methods are chromatography, colorimetry, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy. While all these methods have their pros and cons, electrochemical and optical methods have emerged as robust and efficient techniques that offer cost-effective, accurate, sensitive, and reliable measurements. This review provides an overview of techniques that are ideal for field-deployable nitrate sensing applications, with an emphasis on electrochemical and optical detection methods. It discusses the underlying principles, recent advances, and various measurement techniques. Additionally, the review explores the current developments in real-time nitrate sensors and discusses the challenges of real-time implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khalid Mahmood Arif
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SF&AT, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (K.L.); (S.A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Noroozi S, Safa F, Shariati S, Islamnezhad A. Differential pulse voltammetric assessment of phthalate molecular blocking effect on the copper electrode modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Statistical optimization by Box-Behnken experimental design. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
|
3
|
Nirmalkumar R, Ranjithdev Inbaseelan C, Hemalatha K, Meena S, Karuppasamy P. Insight into the structural properties of methyl orange, hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride dyes doped potassium hydrogen phthalate ammonium sulfate crystals and their antibacterial applications. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
4
|
Zhang C, Zhou J, Ma T, Guo W, Wei D, Tan Y, Deng Y. Advances in application of sensors for determination of phthalate esters. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
5
|
Recent Advances on Capacitive Proximity Sensors: From Design and Materials to Creative Applications. Mol Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/c8020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive proximity sensors (CPSs) have recently been a focus of increased attention because of their widespread applications, simplicity of design, low cost, and low power consumption. This mini review article provides a comprehensive overview of various applications of CPSs, as well as current advancements in CPS construction approaches. We begin by outlining the major technologies utilized in proximity sensing, highlighting their characteristics and applications, and discussing their advantages and disadvantages, with a heavy emphasis on capacitive sensors. Evaluating various nanocomposites for proximity sensing and corresponding detecting approaches ranging from physical to chemical detection are emphasized. The matrix and active ingredients used in such sensors, as well as the measured ranges, will also be discussed. A good understanding of CPSs is not only essential for resolving issues, but is also one of the primary forces propelling CPS technology ahead. We aim to examine the impediments and possible solutions to the development of CPSs. Furthermore, we illustrate how nanocomposite fusion may be used to improve the detection range and accuracy of a CPS while also broadening the application scenarios. Finally, the impact of conductance on sensor performance and other variables that impact the sensitivity distribution of CPSs are presented.
Collapse
|
6
|
Determination of Five Phthalate Esters in Tea and Their Dynamic Characteristics during Black Tea Processing. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091266. [PMID: 35563987 PMCID: PMC9103538 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly specific and high extraction-rate method for the analysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and di-(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP) in tea samples was developed. Based on three-factor Box-Behnken response surface design, solid-phase extraction (SPE) of five phthalate ester (PAE) residues in tea was optimized. Optimal extraction conditions were found for extraction temperature (40 °C), extraction time (12 h), and ratio of tea to n-hexane (1:20). The dynamic distribution of PAEs at each stage of black tea processing was also analyzed, and it was found that the baking process was the main stage of PAE emission, indicating that traditional processing of black tea significantly degrades PAEs. Further, principal component analysis of the physicochemical properties and processing factors of the five PAEs identified the main processing stages affecting the release of PAEs, and it was found that the degradation of PAEs during black tea processing is also related to its own physicochemical properties, especially the octanol-water partition coefficient. These results can provide important references for the detection, determination of processing losses, and control of maximum residue limits (MRLs) of PAEs to ensure the quality and safety of black tea.
Collapse
|
7
|
Copper Oxide/Functionalized Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures for Room Temperature Gas Sensing Applications. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxide semiconductors are conventionally used as sensing materials in gas sensors, however, there are limitations on the detection of gases at room temperature (RT). In this work, a hybrid of copper oxide (CuO) with functionalized graphene (rGO) is proposed to achieve gas sensing at RT. The combination of a high surface area and the presence of many functional groups in the CuO/rGO hybrid material makes it highly sensitive for gas absorption and desorption. To prepare the hybrid material, a copper oxide suspension synthesized using a copper acetate precursor is added to a graphene oxide solution during its reduction using ascorbic acid. Material properties of the CuO/rGO hybrid and its drop-casted thin-films are investigated using Raman, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and four-point probe measurement systems. We found that the hybrid material was enriched with oxygen functional groups (OFGs) and defective sites, along with good electrical conductivity (Sheet resistance~1.5 kΩ/□). The fabricated QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) sensor with a thin layer of the CuO/rGO hybrid demonstrated a high sensing response which was twice the response of the rGO-based sensor for CO2 gas at RT. We believe that the CuO/rGO hybrid is highly suitable for existing and future gas sensors used for domestic and industrial safety.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dzulkurnain NA, Mokhtar M, Rashid JIA, Knight VF, Wan Yunus WMZ, Ong KK, Mohd Kasim NA, Mohd Noor SA. A Review on Impedimetric and Voltammetric Analysis Based on Polypyrrole Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2728. [PMID: 34451266 PMCID: PMC8401594 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers have been widely used in electrochemical sensors as receptors of the sensing signal's analytes and transducers. Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymers are highlighted due to their good electrical conductive properties, ease in preparation, and flexibility of surface characteristics. The objective of this review paper is to discuss the theoretical background of the two main types of electrochemical detection: impedimetric and voltammetric analysis. It also reviews the application and results obtained from these two electrochemical detections when utilizing PPy as a based sensing material in electrochemical sensor. Finally, related aspects in electrochemical sensor construction using PPy will also be discussed. It is anticipated that this review will provide researchers, especially those without an electrochemical analysis background, with an easy-to-understand summary of the concepts and technologies used in electrochemical sensor research, particularly those interested in utilizing PPy as a based sensing material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmaliah Dzulkurnain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.D.); (J.I.A.R.)
| | - Marliyana Mokhtar
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.D.); (J.I.A.R.)
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
- Centre for Tropicalisation, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Keat Khim Ong
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Noor
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.D.); (J.I.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kesavan G, Chen S. Manganese oxide anchored on carbon modified halloysite nanotubes: An electrochemical platform for the determination of chloramphenicol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
10
|
Label-Free Electrochemical Detection of S. mutans Exploiting Commercially Fabricated Printed Circuit Board Sensing Electrodes. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10090575. [PMID: 31480295 PMCID: PMC6780749 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports for the first time printed-circuit-board (PCB)-based label-free electrochemical detection of bacteria. The demonstrated immunosensor was implemented on a PCB sensing platform which was designed and fabricated in a standard PCB manufacturing facility. Bacteria were directly captured on the PCB sensing surface using a specific, pre-immobilized antibody. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were recorded and used to extract the charge transfer resistance (Rct) value for the different bacteria concentrations under investigation. As a proof-of-concept, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacteria were quantified in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer, achieving a limit of detection of 103 CFU/mL. Therefore, the proposed biosensor is an attractive candidate for the development of a simple and robust point-of-care diagnostic platform for bacteria identification, exhibiting good sensitivity, high selectivity, and excellent reproducibility.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mourya A, Sinha SK, Mazumdar B. Glassy carbon electrode modified with blast furnace slag for electrochemical investigation of Cu2+ and Pb2+ metal ions. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Kumar P, Sarswat PK, Free ML. Hybridized Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures for Food Quality Assessment: Fabrication and Performance Evaluation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3348. [PMID: 29463866 PMCID: PMC5820310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tungsten oxide based micro and nanosized structures possess good capacitance as well as enhanced rate capability. Such properties are useful in various applications including electrochemical supercapacitors. Apart from supercapacitance, WO3 and their 2D integrated structures have been modified using different methods to widen their range of the utility. Modification using layer coating, functionalization with other nanomaterial or molecules are methods that can be used to improve the core structure of WO3. But such modifications often alter electrochemical performance. The effects and outcomes of such modifications incorporated in WO3 structures were studied using electrochemical methods, sensing behavior, and morphological examination. One goal for such modifications was to improve robustness of the WO3 structures apart from any change in supercapacitance performance. After detailed electrochemical analyses of WO3 structures, a preliminary study was performed regarding the feasibility of the WO3 based sensors for food safety applications based on electrochemical detection of hazardous dyes in food. Preliminary results obtained after various electrochemical tests including pulsed voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggest the viability of WO3 structures for food safety applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Prashant K Sarswat
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Michael L Free
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tesfalidet S, Geladi P, Shimizu K, Lindholm-Sethson B. Detection of methotrexate in a flow system using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 914:1-6. [PMID: 26965322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a common pharmaceutical drug in cancer therapy and treatment of rheumatic diseases, is known to cause severe adverse side effects at high dose. As the side effect may be life threatening, there is an urgent need for a continuous, bed-side monitoring of the nominal MTX serum level in a patient while the chemical is being administered. This article describes a detection of MTX using a flow system that consists two modified gold electrodes. Interaction of MTX with the antibodies fixed on the electrode surface is detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and evaluated using singular value decomposition (SVD). The key finding of this work is that the change in the electrode capacitance is found to be quantitative with respect to the concentration of MTX. Moreover a calibration curve constructed using the principal component regression method has a linear range of six orders of magnitude and a detection limit of 1.65 × 10(-10) M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Geladi
- Corpus Data & Image Analysis AB, Rålambsvägen 66 B, Suit 1408, SE 112 56 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenichi Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|