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Zou S, Yao X, Shao H, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Zhang Y. Nonmulberry silk fibroin-based biomaterials: Impact on cell behavior regulation and tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:68-84. [PMID: 36113722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a promising biomaterial due to its good biocompatibility, easy availability, and high mechanical properties. Compared with mulberry silk fibroin (MSF), nonmulberry silk fibroin (NSF) isolated from typical nonmulberry silkworm silk exhibits unique arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequences with favorable cell adhesion enhancing effect. This inherent property probably makes the NSF more suitable for cell culture and tissue regeneration-related applications. Accordingly, various types of NSF-based biomaterials, such as particles, films, fiber mats, and 3D scaffolds, are constructed and their application potential in different biomedical fields is extensively investigated. Based on these promising NSF biomaterials, this review firstly makes a systematical comparison between the molecular structure and properties of MSF and typical NSF and highlights the unique properties of NSF. In addition, we summarize the effective fabrication strategies from degummed nonmulberry silk fibers to regenerated NSF-based biomaterials with controllable formats and their recent application progresses in cell behavior regulation and tissue regeneration. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the fabrication and application of NSF-based biomaterials are discussed. Related research and perspectives may provide valuable references for designing and modifying effective NSF-based and other natural biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There exist many reviews about mulberry silk fibroin (MSF) biomaterials and their biomedical applications, while that about nonmulberry silk fibroin (NSF) biomaterials is scarce. Compared with MSF, NSF exhibits unique arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequences with promising cell adhesion enhancing effect, which makes NSF more suitable for cell culture and tissue regeneration related applications. Focusing on these advanced NSF biomaterials, this review has systematically compared the structure and properties of MSF and NSF, and emphasized the unique properties of NSF. Following that, the effective construction strategies for NSF-based biomaterials are summarized, and their recent applications in cell behavior regulations and tissue regenerations are highlighted. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives for the fabrication and application of NSF-based biomaterials were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui L Reis
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
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Nili E, Harkin DG, Dawson RA, Richardson NA, Suzuki S, Chirila TV. Membranes Prepared from Recombinant RGD-Silk Fibroin as Substrates for Human Corneal Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226810. [PMID: 34833901 PMCID: PMC8618149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant formulation of silk fibroin containing the arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) cell-binding motif (RGD-fibroin) offers potential advantages for the cultivation of corneal cells. Thus, we investigated the growth of corneal stromal cells and epithelial cells on surfaces created from RGD-fibroin, in comparison to the naturally occurring Bombyx mori silk fibroin. The attachment of cells was compared in the presence or absence of serum over a 90 min period and analyzed by quantification of dsDNA content. Stratification of epithelial cells on freestanding membranes was examined by confocal fluorescence microscopy and optimized through use of low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG; 300 Da) as a porogen, the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a crosslinking agent, and stromal cells grown on the opposing membrane surface. The RGD-fibroin reduced the tendency of stromal cell cultures to form clumps and encouraged the stratification of epithelial cells. PEG used in conjunction with HRP supported the fabrication of more permeable freestanding RGD-fibroin membranes, that provide an effective scaffold for stromal–epithelial co-cultures. Our studies encourage the use of RGD-fibroin for corneal cell culture. Further studies are required to confirm if the benefits of this formulation are due to changes in the expression of integrins, components of the extracellular matrix, or other events at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nili
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (E.N.); (D.G.H.); (R.A.D.); (N.A.R.)
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Damien G. Harkin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (E.N.); (D.G.H.); (R.A.D.); (N.A.R.)
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Rebecca A. Dawson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (E.N.); (D.G.H.); (R.A.D.); (N.A.R.)
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Neil A. Richardson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (E.N.); (D.G.H.); (R.A.D.); (N.A.R.)
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Shuko Suzuki
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Traian V. Chirila
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
- School of Chemistry & Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Molecular Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science & Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureş, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Antheraea mylitta Silk Films Support Corneal Re-epithelialisation as Inlay Grafts in Large-Sized Corneal Defect. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Madden PW, Klyubin I, Ahearne MJ. Silk fibroin safety in the eye: a review that highlights a concern. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000510. [PMID: 33024827 PMCID: PMC7513638 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical use of silk as a suture dates back to antiquity. Fibroin is the structural element that determines the strength of silk and here we consider the safety of fibroin in its role in ophthalmology. The high mechanical strength of silk meant sufficiently thin threads could be made for eye microsurgery, but such usage was all but superseded by synthetic polymer sutures, primarily because silk in its entirety was more inflammatory. Significant immunological response can normally be avoided by careful manufacturing to provide high purity fibroin, and it has been utilised in this form for tissue engineering an array of fibre and film substrata deployed in research with cells of the eye. Films of fibroin can also be made transparent, which is a required property in the visual pathway. Transparent layers of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells have all been demonstrated with maintenance of phenotype, as have constructs supporting retinal cells. Fibroin has a lack of demonstrable infectious agent transfer, an ability to be sterilised and prepared with minimal contamination, long-term predictable degradation and low direct cytotoxicity. However, there remains a known ability to be involved in amyloid formation and potential amyloidosis which, without further examination, is enough to currently question whether fibroin should be employed in the eye given its innervation into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Madden
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark J Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ramachandran C, Gupta P, Hazra S, Mandal BB. In Vitro Culture of Human Corneal Endothelium on Non-Mulberry Silk Fibroin Films for Tissue Regeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32818099 PMCID: PMC7396167 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if non-mulberry varieties of silk are suitable for the culture of corneal endothelium (CE). Methods Aqueous silk fibroin derived from Philosamia ricini (PR), Antheraea assamensis (AA), and Bombyx mori (BM) were cast as approximately 15 µm films with and without pores on which human CE cells were cultured. Tensile strength, elasticity, transmittance in visible range, and degradation properties of the films were characterised. Adhesion of CE to the silk films was quantified using MTT assay in addition to quantifying the number and area of focal adhesions using paxillin. Expression of CE markers was determined at the gene and protein levels using PCR and immunostaining, respectively. Barrier integrity of the cultured cells was measured as permeability to FITC dextran (10 kDa) in the presence or absence of thrombin. Results The films exhibited robust tensile strength, >95% transmittance and a refractive index comparable to the native cornea. BM degraded significantly faster when compared to PR and AA. A comparison between the three varieties of silk showed that significantly more cells were adhered to PR and AA than to BM. This was also reflected in the expression of stable focal adhesions on PR and AA, thus enabling the formation of intact monolayers of cells on these varieties unlike on BM. Treatment with thrombin significantly increased cellular permeability to dextran. Conclusions Our data shows that PR and AA varieties sufficiently support the growth and function of CE cells. This could be attributed to the presence of natural cell binding motifs (RGD) in these varieties. Translational Relevance Development of a suitable carrier for engineering the CE to address a major clinical requirement of healthy donor tissues for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Ramachandran
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prerak Gupta
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Swatilekha Hazra
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Suzuki S, Shadforth AM, McLenachan S, Zhang D, Chen SC, Walshe J, Lidgerwood GE, Pébay A, Chirila TV, Chen FK, Harkin DG. Optimization of silk fibroin membranes for retinal implantation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Cubayachi C, Lemos CN, Pereira F, Dias K, Herculano RD, de Freitas O, Lopez RF. Silk fibroin films stabilizes and releases bioactive insulin for the treatment of corneal wounds. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Silva SS, Kundu B, Lu S, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Chinese Oak Tasar SilkwormAntheraea pernyiSilk Proteins: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800252. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. Silva
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Banani Kundu
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern SilkCollege of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Avepark, 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs—Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin in a mouse model of dry eye. The experimental dry eye mouse model was developed using more than twelve-weeks-old NOD.B10.H2b mice exposing them to 30–40% ambient humidity and injecting them with scopolamine hydrobromide for 10 days. Tear production and corneal irregularity score were measured by the instillation of phosphate buffered saline or silk fibroin. Corneal detachment and conjunctival goblet cell density were observed by hematoxylin and eosin or periodic acid Schiff staining in the cornea or conjunctiva. The expression of inflammatory markers was detected by immunohistochemistry in the lacrimal gland. The silk group tear production was increased, and corneal smoothness was improved. The corneal epithelial cells and conjunctival goblet cells were recovered in the silk groups. The expression of inflammatory factors was inhibited in the lacrimal gland of the silk group. These results show that silk fibroin improved the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland in the mouse model of dry eye. These findings suggest that silk fibroin has anti-inflammatory effects in the experimental models of dry eye.
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10
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Suzuki S, Chirila TV, Edwards GA. Characterization of Bombyx mori and Antheraea pernyi silk fibroins and their blends as potential biomaterials. Prog Biomater 2016; 5:193-198. [PMID: 27995586 PMCID: PMC5301461 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-016-0057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroin proteins isolated from the cocoons of certain silk-producing insects have been widely investigated as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. In this study, fibroins were isolated from cocoons of domesticated Bombyx mori (BM) and wild Antheraea pernyi (AP) silkworms following a degumming process. The object of this study was to obtain an assessment on certain properties of these fibroins in order that a concept might be had regarding the feasibility of using their blends as biomaterials. Membranes, 10–20 μm thick, which are water-insoluble, flexible and transparent, were prepared from pure fibroins and from their blends, and subjected to water vapor annealing in vacuum, with the aim of providing materials sufficiently strong for manipulation. The resulting materials were characterized by electrophoretic analysis and infrared spectrometry. The tensile properties of the membranes were measured and correlated with the results of infrared analysis. At low concentrations of any of the two fibroins, the mechanical characteristics of the membranes appeared to be adequate for surgical manipulation, as the modulus and strength surpassed those of BM silk fibroin alone. It was noticed that high concentrations of AP silk fibroin led to a significant reduction in the elasticity of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Suzuki
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Traian V Chirila
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia. .,Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland (UQ), Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Hazra S, Nandi S, Naskar D, Guha R, Chowdhury S, Pradhan N, Kundu SC, Konar A. Non-mulberry Silk Fibroin Biomaterial for Corneal Regeneration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21840. [PMID: 26908015 PMCID: PMC4764817 DOI: 10.1038/srep21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Successful repair of a damaged corneal surface is a great challenge and may require the use of a scaffold that supports cell growth and differentiation. Amniotic membrane is currently used for this purpose, in spite of its limitations. A thin transparent silk fibroin film from non-mulberry Antheraea mylitta (Am) has been developed which offers to be a promising alternative. The silk scaffolds provide sufficient rigidity for easy handling, the scaffolds support the sprouting, migration, attachment and growth of epithelial cells and keratocytes from rat corneal explants; the cells form a cell sheet, preserve their phenotypes, express cytokeratin3 and vimentin respectively. The films also support growth of limbal stem cell evidenced by expression of ABCG2. The cell growth on the silk film and the amniotic membrane is comparable. The implanted film within the rabbit cornea remains transparent, stable. The clinical examination as well as histology shows absence of any inflammatory response or neovascularization. The corneal surface integrity is maintained; tear formation, intraocular pressure and electroretinography of implanted eyes show no adverse changes. The silk fibroin film from non-mulberry silk worms may be a worthy candidate for use as a corneal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Hazra
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudip Nandi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Deboki Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushovan Chowdhury
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirparaj Pradhan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Konar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: Current Treatment Options and Emerging Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9798374. [PMID: 26788074 PMCID: PMC4691643 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9798374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe ocular surface disease can result in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a condition leading to decreased visual acuity, photophobia, and ocular pain. To restore the ocular surface in advanced stem cell deficient corneas, an autologous or allogenic limbal stem cell transplantation is performed. In recent years, the risk of secondary LSCD due to removal of large limbal grafts has been significantly reduced by the optimization of cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET). Despite the great successes of CLET, there still is room for improvement as overall success rate is 70% and visual acuity often remains suboptimal after successful transplantation. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation reports higher success rates but has not been performed in as many patients yet. This review focuses on limbal epithelial stem cells and the pathophysiology of LSCD. State-of-the-art therapeutic management of LSCD is described, and new and evolving techniques in ocular surface regeneration are being discussed, in particular, advantages and disadvantages of alternative cell scaffolds and cell sources for cell based ocular surface reconstruction.
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Shadforth AMA, Suzuki S, Theodoropoulos C, Richardson NA, Chirila TV, Harkin DG. A Bruch's membrane substitute fabricated from silk fibroin supports the function of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1915-1924. [PMID: 26449636 DOI: 10.1002/term.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin provides a promising biomaterial for ocular tissue reconstruction, including the damaged outer blood-retinal barrier of patients afflicted with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the function of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro, when grown on fibroin membranes manufactured to a thickness similar to that of Bruch's membrane (3 µm). Confluent cultures of RPE cells (ARPE-19) were established on fibroin membranes and maintained under conditions designed to promote maturation over 4 months. Control cultures were grown on polyester cell culture well inserts (Transwell® ). Cultures established on either material developed a cobblestone morphology, with partial pigmentation, within 12 weeks. Immunocytochemistry at 16 weeks revealed a similar distribution pattern between cultures for F-actin, ZO-1, ezrin, cytokeratin pair 8/18, RPE-65 and Na+ /K+ -ATPase. Electron microscopy revealed that cultures grown on fibroin displayed a rounder apical surface with a more dense distribution of microvilli. Both cultures avidly ingested fluorescent microspheres coated with vitronectin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), but not controls coated with BSA alone. VEGF and PEDF were detected in the conditioned media collected from above and below the two membrane types. Levels of PEDF were significantly higher than for VEGF on both membranes and a trend was observed towards larger amounts of PEDF in apical compartments. These findings demonstrated that RPE cell functions on fibroin membranes are equivalent to those observed for standard test materials (polyester membranes). As such, these studies support advancement to studies of RPE cell implantation on fibroin membranes in a preclinical model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra M A Shadforth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shuko Suzuki
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christina Theodoropoulos
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil A Richardson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Traian V Chirila
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Damien G Harkin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Wang S, Xu T, Yang Y, Shao Z. Colloidal Stability of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Coated with Cationic Polymer for Effective Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21254-62. [PMID: 26331584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Generally, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) are great candidates to deliver drugs or other bioactive substances in vivo. However, their further applications are largely limited by the low colloidal stability of SFNPs, as they tend to aggregate in biological media. To address this issue, SFNP composite materials with a core-shell structure (CS-SFNPs) were fabricated by coating SFNPs with four different selected cationic polymers, glycol chitosan, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan, polyethylenimine, and PEGylated polyethylenimine, through electrostatic interaction. According to the DLS and NTA results, compared with the bare SFNPs, the CS-SFNPs showed much higher colloidal stability in biological media. When treated with human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells, the CS-SFNPs were efficiently internalized and accumulated in lysosome; and when loaded with an anticancer drug, DOX, the CS-SFNPs also showed higher cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. Our results suggest that the fabricated CS-SFNPs with desirable colloidal stability in biological media have the potential to be employed as drug carriers for the anticancer drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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15
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Lachaud CC, Rodriguez-Campins B, Hmadcha A, Soria B. Use of Mesothelial Cells and Biological Matrices for Tissue Engineering of Simple Epithelium Surrogates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:117. [PMID: 26347862 PMCID: PMC4538307 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineering technologies have progressed rapidly through last decades resulting in the manufacture of quite complex bioartificial tissues with potential use for human organ and tissue regeneration. The manufacture of avascular monolayered tissues such as simple squamous epithelia was initiated a few decades ago and is attracting increasing interest. Their relative morphostructural simplicity makes of their biomimetization a goal, which is currently accessible. The mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium in nature and is the monolayered tissue lining the walls of large celomic cavities (peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural) and internal organs housed inside. Interestingly, mesothelial cells can be harvested in clinically relevant numbers from several anatomical sources and not less important, they also display high transdifferentiation capacities and are low immunogenic characteristics, which endow these cells with therapeutic interest. Their combination with a suitable scaffold (biocompatible, degradable, and non-immunogenic) may allow the manufacture of tailored serosal membranes biomimetics with potential spanning a wide range of therapeutic applications, principally for the regeneration of simple squamous-like epithelia such as the visceral and parietal mesothelium vascular endothelium and corneal endothelium among others. Herein, we review recent research progresses in mesothelial cells biology and their clinical sources. We make a particular emphasis on reviewing the different types of biological scaffolds suitable for the manufacture of serosal mesothelial membranes biomimetics. Finally, we also review progresses made in mesothelial cells-based therapeutic applications and propose some possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Claude Lachaud
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Berta Rodriguez-Campins
- Departamento de I+D, New Biotechnic S.A. , Seville , Spain ; Fundación Andaluza de Investigación y Desarrollo (FAID) , Seville , Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine - Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) , Seville , Spain ; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
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Suzuki S, Dawson RA, Chirila TV, Shadforth AMA, Hogerheyde TA, Edwards GA, Harkin DG. Treatment of Silk Fibroin with Poly(ethylene glycol) for the Enhancement of Corneal Epithelial Cell Growth. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:345-66. [PMID: 26034883 PMCID: PMC4493516 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A silk protein, fibroin, was isolated from the cocoons of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) and cast into membranes to serve as freestanding templates for tissue-engineered corneal cell constructs to be used in ocular surface reconstruction. In this study, we sought to enhance the attachment and proliferation of corneal epithelial cells by increasing the permeability of the fibroin membranes and the topographic roughness of their surface. By mixing the fibroin solution with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight 300 Da, membranes were produced with increased permeability and with topographic patterns generated on their surface. In order to enhance their mechanical stability, some PEG-treated membranes were also crosslinked with genipin. The resulting membranes were thoroughly characterized and compared to the non-treated membranes. The PEG-treated membranes were similar in tensile strength to the non-treated ones, but their elastic modulus was higher and elongation lower, indicating enhanced rigidity. The crosslinking with genipin did not induce a significant improvement in mechanical properties. In cultures of a human-derived corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T), the PEG treatment of the substratum did not improve the attachment of cells and it enhanced only slightly the cell proliferation in the longer term. Likewise, primary cultures of human limbal epithelial cells grew equally well on both non-treated and PEG-treated membranes, and the stratification of cultures was consistently improved in the presence of an underlying culture of irradiated 3T3 feeder cells, irrespectively of PEG-treatment. Nevertheless, the cultures grown on the PEG-treated membranes in the presence of feeder cells did display a higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio suggesting a more proliferative phenotype. We concluded that while the treatment with PEG had a significant effect on some structural properties of the B. mori silk fibroin (BMSF) membranes, there were minimal gains in the performance of these materials as a substratum for corneal epithelial cell growth. The reduced mechanical stability of freestanding PEG-treated membranes makes them a less viable choice than the non-treated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Suzuki
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - Rebecca A Dawson
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Traian V Chirila
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Audra M A Shadforth
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Thomas A Hogerheyde
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Damien G Harkin
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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17
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You R, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li X, Li M. Comparison of the
in vitro
and
in vivo
degradations of silk fibroin scaffolds from mulberry and nonmulberry silkworms. Biomed Mater 2014; 10:015003. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/1/015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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