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Lin Y, Manalili D, Khodabakhsh A, Cristescu SM. Real-Time Measurement of CH 4 in Human Breath Using a Compact CH 4/CO 2 Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1077. [PMID: 38400235 PMCID: PMC10893524 DOI: 10.3390/s24041077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The presence of an elevated amount of methane (CH4) in exhaled breath can be used as a non-invasive tool to monitor certain health conditions. A compact, inexpensive and transportable CH4 sensor is thus very interesting for this purpose. In addition, if the sensor is also able to simultaneously measure carbon dioxide (CO2), one can extract the end-tidal concentration of exhaled CH4. Here, we report on such a sensor based on a commercial detection module using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the measured CH4/CO2 values exhibit a strong interference with water vapor. Therefore, correction functions were experimentally identified and validated for both CO2 and CH4. A custom-built breath sampler was developed and tested with the sensor for real-time measurements of CH4 and CO2 in exhaled breath. As a result, the breath sensor demonstrated the capability of accurately measuring the exhaled CH4 and CO2 profiles in real-time. We obtained minimum detection limits of ~80 ppbv for CH4 and ~700 ppmv for CO2 in 1.5 s measurement time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Life Science Trace Detection Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (Y.L.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
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2
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Dawson B, Drewer J, Roberts T, Levy P, Heal M, Cowan N. Measurements of methane and nitrous oxide in human breath and the development of UK scale emissions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295157. [PMID: 38091323 PMCID: PMC10718453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled human breath can contain small, elevated concentrations of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), both of which contribute to global warming. These emissions from humans are not well understood and are rarely quantified in global greenhouse gas inventories. This study investigated emissions of CH4 and N2O in human breath from 104 volunteers in the UK population, to better understand what drives these emissions and to quantify national-scale estimates. A total of 328 breath samples were collected, and age, sex, dietary preference, and smoking habits were recorded for every participant. The percentage of methane producers (MPs) identified in this study was 31%. The percentage of MPs was higher in older age groups with 25% of people under the age of 30 classified as MPs compared to 40% in the 30+ age group. Females (38%) were more likely to be MPs than males (25%), though overall concentrations emitted from both MP groups were similar. All participants were found to emit N2O in breath, though none of the factors investigated explained the differences in emissions. Dietary preference was not found to affect CH4 or N2O emissions from breath in this study. We estimate a total emission of 1.04 (0.86-1.40) Gg of CH4 and 0.069 (0.066-0.072) Gg of N2O in human breath annually in the UK, the equivalent of 53.9 (47.8-60.0) Gg of CO2. In terms of magnitude, these values are approximately 0.05% and 0.1% of the total emissions of CH4 and N2O reported in the UK national greenhouse gas inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dawson
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- The University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Drewer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Roberts
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Levy
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Heal
- The University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Cowan
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Keppler F, Boros M, Polag D. Radical-Driven Methane Formation in Humans Evidenced by Exogenous Isotope-Labeled DMSO and Methionine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1381. [PMID: 37507920 PMCID: PMC10376501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4), which is produced endogenously in animals and plants, was recently suggested to play a role in cellular physiology, potentially influencing the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in nitrosative and oxidative stress responses. In addition, it was proposed that the supplementation of CH4 to organisms may be beneficial for the treatment of several diseases, including ischemia, reperfusion injury, and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether and how CH4 is produced in mammalian cells without the help of microorganisms, and how CH4 might be involved in physiological processes in humans. In this study, we produced the first evidence of the principle that CH4 is formed non-microbially in the human body by applying isotopically labeled methylated sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methionine, as carbon precursors to confirm cellular CH4 formation. A volunteer applied isotopically labeled (2H and 13C) DMSO on the skin, orally, and to blood samples. The monitoring of stable isotope values of CH4 convincingly showed the conversion of the methyl groups, as isotopically labeled CH4 was formed during all experiments. Based on these results, we considered several hypotheses about endogenously formed CH4 in humans, including physiological aspects and stress responses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). While further and broader validation studies are needed, the results may unambiguously serve as a proof of concept for the endogenous formation of CH4 in humans via a radical-driven process. Furthermore, these results might encourage follow-up studies to decipher the potential physiological role of CH4 and its bioactivity in humans in more detail. Of particular importance is the potential to monitor CH4 as an oxidative stress biomarker if the observed large variability of CH4 in breath air is an indicator of physiological stress responses and immune reactions. Finally, the potential role of DMSO as a radical scavenger to counteract oxidative stress caused by ROS might be considered in the health sciences. DMSO has already been investigated for many years, but its potential positive role in medical use remains highly uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniela Polag
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Jávor P, Donka T, Horváth T, Sándor L, Török L, Szabó A, Hartmann P. Impairment of Mesenteric Perfusion as a Marker of Major Bleeding in Trauma Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103571. [PMID: 37240677 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of potentially preventable mortality in trauma patients is related to bleeding; therefore, early recognition and effective treatment of hemorrhagic shock impose a cardinal challenge for trauma teams worldwide. The reduction in mesenteric perfusion (MP) is among the first compensatory responses to blood loss; however, there is no adequate tool for splanchnic hemodynamic monitoring in emergency patient care. In this narrative review, (i) methods based on flowmetry, CT imaging, video microscopy (VM), measurement of laboratory markers, spectroscopy, and tissue capnometry were critically analyzed with respect to their accessibility, and applicability, sensitivity, and specificity. (ii) Then, we demonstrated that derangement of MP is a promising diagnostic indicator of blood loss. (iii) Finally, we discussed a new diagnostic method for the evaluation of hemorrhage based on exhaled methane (CH4) measurement. Conclusions: Monitoring the MP is a feasible option for the evaluation of blood loss. There are a wide range of experimentally used methodologies; however, due to their practical limitations, only a fraction of them could be integrated into routine emergency trauma care. According to our comprehensive review, breath analysis, including exhaled CH4 measurement, would provide the possibility for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Jávor
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Donka
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Horváth
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Sándor
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Török
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Carnero EA, Bock CP, Liu Y, Corbin K, Wohlers-Kariesch E, Ruud K, Moon J, Marcus A, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Muraviev A, Vodopyanov KL, Smith SR. Measurement of 24-h continuous human CH 4 release in a whole room indirect calorimeter. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:766-776. [PMID: 36794690 PMCID: PMC10027086 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00705.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the technology and validation of a new whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC) methodology to quantify volume of methane (VCH4) released from the human body over 24 h concurrently with the assessment of energy expenditure and substrate utilization. The new system extends the assessment of energy metabolism by adding CH4, a downstream product of microbiome fermentation that could contribute to energy balance. Our new system consists of an established WRIC combined with the addition of off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) to measure CH4 concentration ([CH4]). Development, validation, and reliability of the system included environmental experiments to measure the stability of the atmospheric [CH4], infusing CH4 into the WRIC and human cross-validation studies comparing [CH4] quantified by OA-ICOS and mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (MIR DCS).Our infusion data indicated that the system measured 24-h [CH4] and VCH4 with high sensitivity, reliability, and validity. Cross-validation studies showed good agreement between OA-ICOS and MIR DCS technologies (r = 0.979, P < 0.0001). Human data revealed 24-h VCH4 was highly variable between subjects and within/between days. Finally, our method to quantify VCH4 released by breath or colon suggested that over 50% of the CH4 was eliminated through the breath. The method allows, for the first time, measurement of 24-h VCH4 (in kcal) and therefore the measurement of the proportion of human energy intake fermented to CH4 by the gut microbiome and released via breath or from the intestine; also, it allows us to track the effects of dietary, probiotic, bacterial, and fecal microbiota transplantation on VCH4.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first time that continuous assessment of CH4 is reported in parallel with measurements of O2 consumption and CO2 production inside a whole room indirect calorimeter in humans and over 24 h. We provide a detailed description of the whole system and its parts. We carried out studies of reliability and validity of the whole system and its parts. CH4 is released in humans during daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Carnero
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - C. P. Bock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Y. Liu
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - K. Corbin
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - K. Ruud
- MEI Research, Ltd., Edina, Minnesota, United States
| | - J. Moon
- MEI Research, Ltd., Edina, Minnesota, United States
| | - A. Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - R. Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - A. Muraviev
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - K. L. Vodopyanov
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - S. R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Pugliese G, Trefz P, Weippert M, Pollex J, Bruhn S, Schubert JK, Miekisch W, Sukul P. Real-time metabolic monitoring under exhaustive exercise and evaluation of ventilatory threshold by breathomics: Independent validation of evidence and advances. Front Physiol 2022; 13:946401. [PMID: 36035465 PMCID: PMC9412033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.946401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis was coupled with ergo-spirometry for non-invasive profiling of physio-metabolic status under exhaustive exercise. Real-time mass-spectrometry based continuous analysis of exhaled metabolites along with breath-resolved spirometry and heart rate monitoring were executed while 14 healthy adults performed ergometric ramp exercise protocol until exhaustion. Arterial blood lactate level was analyzed at defined time points. Respiratory-cardiac parameters and exhalation of several blood-borne volatiles changed continuously with the course of exercise and increasing workloads. Exhaled volatiles mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic effects and depended on the origin and/or physicochemical properties of the substances. At the maximum workload, endogenous isoprene, methanethiol, dimethylsulfide, acetaldehyde, butanal, butyric acid and acetone concentrations decreased significantly by 74, 25, 35, 46, 21, 2 and 2%, respectively. Observed trends in exogenous cyclohexadiene and acetonitrile mimicked isoprene profile due to their similar solubility and volatility. Assignment of anaerobic threshold was possible via breath acetone. Breathomics enabled instant profiling of physio-metabolic effects and anaerobic thresholds during exercise. Profiles of exhaled volatiles indicated effects from muscular vasoconstriction, compartmental distribution of perfusion, extra-alveolar gas-exchange and energy homeostasis. Sulfur containing compounds and butyric acid turned out to be interesting for investigations of combined diet and exercise programs. Reproducible metabolic breath patterns have enhanced scopes of breathomics in sports science/medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pugliese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Phillip Trefz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Pollex
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Bruhn
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pritam Sukul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Pritam Sukul,
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7
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Li M, Bekö G, Zannoni N, Pugliese G, Carrito M, Cera N, Moura C, Wargocki P, Vasconcelos P, Nobre P, Wang N, Ernle L, Williams J. Human metabolic emissions of carbon dioxide and methane and their implications for carbon emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155241. [PMID: 35421492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and have large impacts on Earth's radiative forcing and climate. Their natural and anthropogenic emissions have often been in focus, while the role of human metabolic emissions has received less attention. In this study, exhaled, dermal and whole-body CO2 and CH4 emission rates from a total of 20 volunteers were quantified under various controlled environmental conditions in a climate chamber. The whole-body CO2 emissions increased with temperature. Individual differences were the most important factor for the whole-body CH4 emissions. Dermal emissions of CO2 and CH4 only contributed ~3.5% and ~5.5% to the whole-body emissions, respectively. Breath measurements conducted on 24 volunteers in a companion study identified one third of the volunteers as CH4 producers (exhaled CH4 exceeded 1 ppm above ambient level). The exhaled CH4 emission rate of these CH4 producers (4.03 ± 0.71 mg/h/person, mean ± one standard deviation) was ten times higher than that of the rest of the volunteers (non-CH4 producers; 0.41 ± 0.45 mg/h/person). With increasing global population and the expected large reduction in global anthropogenic carbon emissions in the next decades, metabolic emissions of CH4 (although not CO2) from humans may play an increasing role in regional and global carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Li
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark; Department of Architecture, College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nora Zannoni
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mariana Carrito
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicoletta Cera
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moura
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Priscila Vasconcelos
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nobre
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nijing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Ernle
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Jávor P, Rárosi F, Horváth T, Török L, Varga E, Hartmann P. Detection of exhaled methane levels for monitoring trauma-related haemorrhage following blunt trauma: study protocol for a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057872. [PMID: 35793921 PMCID: PMC9260765 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early recognition and effective treatment of internal bleeding impose a cardinal challenge for trauma teams. The reduction of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow is among the first compensatory responses to blood loss, thus being a promising candidate as a diagnostic tool for occult haemorrhage. Unfortunately, methods for monitoring the SMA flow have not been elaborated to date. Nevertheless, animal experiments suggest that exhaled methane (CH4) levels correspond to the SMA perfusion. We hypothesise that real-time detection of CH4 concentrations in the exhaled air is an applicable technique for the early recognition of haemorrhage in severely injured patients. We also hypothesise that exhaled CH4 levels reflect the volume of blood loss more accurately than conventional markers of blood loss and shock such as shock index, haemoglobin, base deficit, lactate, end-tidal carbon dioxide and sublingual microcirculatory indices. METHODS AND ANALYSIS One hundred and eleven severely injured (Injury Severity Score ≥16), intubated, bleeding patients sustaining blunt trauma will be included in this prospective observational study. Blood loss will be detected with CT and estimated with CT-linked radiologic software. Exhaled CH4 concentrations will be monitored by attaching a near-infrared laser technique-based photoacoustic spectroscopy apparatus to the exhalation outlet of the ventilator on patient arrival. The primary outcome is the volume of blood loss. Need for massive transfusion and 24-hour mortality will constitute secondary outcomes. The relation of exhaled CH4 to study outcomes and its performance in predicting blood loss in comparison with conventional shock markers and microcirculatory indices will be tested. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our protocol (ID: 5400/2021-SZTE) has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04987411) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the medical ethics committee at the University of Szeged (Ref.nr.:121/2021-SZTE RKEB). It is in data collection phase, theresults will be shared with the scientific community through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04987411; ClinicalTrials.gov, registered on 27 July 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Jávor
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Rárosi
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Horváth
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Török
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Endre Varga
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Hydrogen and Methane Breath Test in the Diagnosis of Lactose Intolerance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093261. [PMID: 34579138 PMCID: PMC8472045 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen (H2) breath test is a non-invasive investigation used to diagnose lactose intolerance (LI). Patients with LI may also expire increased amounts of methane (CH4) during a lactose test. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of CH4 measurements. We tested 209 children (1–17 years old) with symptoms suggesting LI with lactose H2 and CH4 breath tests. The result was positive when the H2 excretion exceeded 20 parts per million (ppm) and the CH4 was 10 ppm above the baseline. A clinician, blinded for the results of the breath test, registered the symptoms. Of the patient population, 101/209 (48%) were negative for both H2 and CH4; 96/209 (46%) had a positive H2 breath test result; 31/96 (32%) were also positive for CH4; 12/209 (6%) patients were only positive for CH4. The majority of hydrogen producers showed symptoms, whereas this was only the case in half of the H2-negative CH4 producers. Almost all patients treated with a lactose-poor diet reported significant symptom improvement. These results indicate that CH4 measurements may possibly be of additional value for the diagnosis of LI, since 5.7% of patients were negative for H2 and positive for CH4, and half of them experienced symptoms during the test.
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10
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Huang Y, Yang F, Liu S, Wang R, Guo J, Ma X. Liquid Metal-Based Epidermal Flexible Sensor for Wireless Breath Monitoring and Diagnosis Enabled by Highly Sensitive SnS 2 Nanosheets. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9847285. [PMID: 38617377 PMCID: PMC11014675 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9847285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Real-time wireless respiratory monitoring and biomarker analysis provide an attractive vision for noninvasive telemedicine such as the timely prevention of respiratory arrest or for early diagnoses of chronic diseases. Lightweight, wearable respiratory sensors are in high demand as they meet the requirement of portability in digital healthcare management. Meanwhile, high-performance sensing material plays a crucial role for the precise sensing of specific markers in exhaled air, which represents a complex and rather humid environment. Here, we present a liquid metal-based flexible electrode coupled with SnS2 nanomaterials as a wearable gas-sensing device, with added Bluetooth capabilities for remote respiratory monitoring and diagnoses. The flexible epidermal device exhibits superior skin compatibility and high responsiveness (1092%/ppm), ultralow detection limits (1.32 ppb), and a good selectivity of NO gas at ppb-level concentrations. Taking advantage of the fast recovery kinetics of SnS2 responding to H2O molecules, it is possible to accurately distinguish between different respiratory patterns based on the amount of water vapor in the exhaled air. Furthermore, based on the different redox types of H2O and NO molecules, the electric signal is reversed once the exhaled NO concentration exceeds a certain threshold that may indicate the onset of conditions like asthma, thus providing an early warning system for potential lung diseases. Finally, by integrating the wearable device into a wireless cloud-based multichannel interface, we provide a proof-of-concept that our device could be used for the simultaneous remote monitoring of several patients with respiratory diseases, a crucial field in future digital healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Sanhu Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rongguo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055China
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Boros M, Keppler F. Methane Production and Bioactivity-A Link to Oxido-Reductive Stress. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1244. [PMID: 31611816 PMCID: PMC6776796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological methane formation is associated with anoxic environments and the activity of anaerobic prokaryotes (Archaea). However, recent studies have confirmed methane release from eukaryotes, including plants, fungi, and animals, even in the absence of microbes and in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, it was found that aerobic methane emission in plants is stimulated by a variety of environmental stress factors, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further research presented evidence that molecules with sulfur and nitrogen bonded methyl groups such as methionine or choline are carbon precursors of aerobic methane formation. Once generated, methane is widely considered to be physiologically inert in eukaryotes, but several studies have found association between mammalian methanogenesis and gastrointestinal (GI) motility changes. In addition, a number of recent reports demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential for exogenous methane-based approaches in model anoxia-reoxygenation experiments. It has also been convincingly demonstrated that methane can influence the downstream effectors of transiently increased ROS levels, including mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic pathways during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) conditions. Besides, exogenous methane can modify the outcome of gasotransmitter-mediated events in plants, and it appears that similar mechanism might be active in mammals as well. This review summarizes the relevant literature on methane-producing processes in eukaryotes, and the available results that underscore its bioactivity. The current evidences suggest that methane liberation and biological effectiveness are both linked to cellular redox regulation. The data collectively imply that exogenous methane influences the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress responses, which suggests a modulator role for methane in hypoxia-linked pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Szűcs S, Bari G, Ugocsai M, Lashkarivand RA, Lajkó N, Mohácsi Á, Szabó A, Kaszaki J, Boros M, Érces D, Varga G. Detection of Intestinal Tissue Perfusion by Real-Time Breath Methane Analysis in Rat and Pig Models of Mesenteric Circulatory Distress. Crit Care Med 2019; 47:e403-e411. [PMID: 30985462 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methane (CH4) breath test is an established diagnostic method for gastrointestinal functional disorders. Our aim was to explore the possible link between splanchnic circulatory changes and exhaled CH4 in an attempt to recognize intestinal perfusion failure. DESIGN Randomized, controlled in vivo animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Anesthetized, ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (280 ± 30 g) and Vietnamese minipigs (31 ± 7 kg). INTERVENTIONS In the first series, CH4 was administered intraluminally into the ileum before 45 minutes mesenteric ischemia or before reperfusion in non-CH4 producer rats to test the appearance of the gas in the exhaled air. In the porcine experiments, the superior mesenteric artery was gradually obstructed during consecutive, 30-minute flow reductions and 30-minute reperfusions achieving complete occlusion after four cycles (n = 6), or nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia was induced by pericardial tamponade (n = 12), which decreased superior mesenteric artery flow from 351 ± 55 to 182 ± 67 mL/min and mean arterial pressure from 96.7 ± 18.2 to 41.5 ± 4.6 mm Hg for 60 minutes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Macrohemodynamics were monitored continuously; RBC velocity of the ileal serosa or mucosa was recorded by intravital videomicroscopy. The concentration of exhaled CH4 was measured online simultaneously with high-sensitivity photoacoustic spectroscopy. The intestinal flow changes during the occlusion-reperfusion phases were accompanied by parallel changes in breath CH4 output. Also in cardiac tamponade-induced nonocclusive intestinal ischemia, the superior mesenteric artery flow and RBC velocity correlated significantly with parallel changes in CH4 concentration in the exhaled air (Pearson's r = 0.669 or r = 0.632, respectively). CONCLUSIONS we report a combination of in vivo experimental data on a close association of an exhaled endogenous gas with acute mesenteric macro- and microvascular flow changes. Breath CH4 analysis may offer a noninvasive approach to follow the status of the splanchnic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Szűcs
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bari
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Ugocsai
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Reza Ali Lashkarivand
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Lajkó
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Mohácsi
- MTA-SZTE Research Group on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Szabó
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Kaszaki
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Érces
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Polag D, Keppler F. Long-term monitoring of breath methane. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:69-77. [PMID: 29247906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, methane as a component of exhaled human breath has been considered as a potential bioindicator providing information on microbial activity in the intestinal tract. Several studies indicated a relationship between breath methane status and specific gastrointestinal disease. So far, almost no attention has been given to the temporal variability of breath methane production by individual persons. Thus here, for the first time, long-term monitoring was carried out measuring breath methane of three volunteers over periods between 196 and 1002days. Results were evaluated taking into consideration the health status and specific medical intervention events for each individual during the monitoring period, and included a gastroscopy procedure, a vaccination, a dietary change, and chelate therapy. As a major outcome, breath methane mixing ratios show considerable variability within a person-specific range of values. Interestingly, decreased breath methane production often coincided with gastrointestinal complaints whereas influenza infections were mostly accompanied by increased breath methane production. A gastroscopic examination as well as a change to a low-fructose diet led to a dramatic shift of methane mixing ratios from high to low methane production. In contrast, a typhus vaccination as well as single chelate injections resulted in significant short-term methane peaks. Thus, this study clearly shows that humans can change from high to low methane emitters and vice versa within relatively short time periods. In the case of low to medium methane emitters the increase observed in methane mixing ratios, likely resulting from immune reactions and inflammatory processes, might indicate non-microbial methane formation under aerobic conditions. Although detailed reaction pathways are not yet known, aerobic methane formation might be related to cellular oxidative-reductive stress reactions. However, a detailed understanding of the pathways involved in human methane formation is necessary to enable comprehensive interpretation of methane breath levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Polag
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Excessive alcohol consumption induces methane production in humans and rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7329. [PMID: 28779149 PMCID: PMC5544731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have established the possibility of non-bacterial methane (CH4) generation in oxido-reductive stress conditions in plants and animals. Increased ethanol input is leading to oxido-reductive imbalance in eukaryotes, thus our aim was to provide evidence for the possibility of ethanol-induced methanogenesis in non-CH4 producer humans, and to corroborate the in vivo relevance of this pathway in rodents. Healthy volunteers consumed 1.15 g/kg/day alcohol for 4 days and the amount of exhaled CH4 was recorded by high sensitivity photoacoustic spectroscopy. Additionally, Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control, 1.15 g/kg/day and 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol-consuming groups to detect the whole-body CH4 emissions and mitochondrial functions in liver and hippocampus samples with high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondria-targeted L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) can increase tolerance to liver injury, thus the effects of GPC supplementations were tested in further ethanol-fed groups. Alcohol consumption was accompanied by significant CH4 emissions in both human and rat series of experiments. 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol feeding reduced the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of rat liver mitochondria, while GPC significantly decreased the alcohol-induced CH4 formation and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction as well. These data demonstrate a potential for ethanol to influence human methanogenesis, and suggest a biomarker role for exhaled CH4 in association with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Status of selected ion flow tube MS: accomplishments and challenges in breath analysis and other areas. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1183-201. [PMID: 27212131 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reflects our observations of recent accomplishments made using selected ion flow tube MS (SIFT-MS). Only brief descriptions are given of SIFT-MS as an analytical method and of the recent extensions to the underpinning analytical ion chemistry required to realize more robust analyses. The challenge of breath analysis is given special attention because, when achieved, it renders analysis of other air media relatively straightforward. Brief overviews are given of recent SIFT-MS breath analyses by leading research groups, noting the desirability of detection and quantification of single volatile biomarkers rather than reliance on statistical analyses, if breath analysis is to be accepted into clinical practice. A 'strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats' analysis of SIFT-MS is made, which should help to increase its utility for trace gas analysis.
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Szabó A, Unterkofler K, Mochalski P, Jandacka M, Ruzsanyi V, Szabó G, Mohácsi Á, Teschl S, Teschl G, King J. Modeling of breath methane concentration profiles during exercise on an ergometer. J Breath Res 2016; 10:017105. [PMID: 26828421 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/017105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We develop a simple three compartment model based on mass balance equations which quantitatively describes the dynamics of breath methane concentration profiles during exercise on an ergometer. With the help of this model it is possible to estimate the endogenous production rate of methane in the large intestine by measuring breath gas concentrations of methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szabó
- MTA-SZTE Research Group on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary. Breath Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria
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Chen O, Ye Z, Cao Z, Manaenko A, Ning K, Zhai X, Zhang R, Zhang T, Chen X, Liu W, Sun X. Methane attenuates myocardial ischemia injury in rats through anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:1-11. [PMID: 26585905 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the most frequent cardiovascular disease with high mortality. Recently, methane has been shown protective effects on small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that methane-rich saline (MS) could protect the myocardium again MI via its anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. In experiment 1, tetrazolium chloride staining and detection of myocardial enzymes and oxidative and inflammatory parameters were performed at 12h after MI to determine the optimal dose at which intraperitoneal MS exerted the best protective effects on MI. In experiment 2, rats were treated with 10 ml/kg MS. Myocyte apoptosis was detected 72 h after MI, and cardiac function and myocardial remodeling were evaluated 4 weeks after MI. Results showed different dose of MS reduced infarct area, decreased myocardial enzymes, inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress following MI. The optimal dose of MS was 10 mg/kg. Moreover, treatment with 10mg/kg MS for 3 days significantly reduced myocyte apoptosis, improved cardiac function and inhibited myocardial remodeling (reduced anterior wall thickness, attenuated myocyte hypertrophy, and decreased myocardial collagen). MS protects the myocardium of MI rats via its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-remodeling activities. Thus, MS provides a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Chen
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Graduate Management Unit, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouheng Ye
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Branch of 411 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ke Ning
- Graduate Management Unit, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Graduate Management Unit, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjia Zhang
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People 's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Unterkofler K, King J, Mochalski P, Jandacka M, Koc H, Teschl S, Amann A, Teschl G. Modeling-based determination of physiological parameters of systemic VOCs by breath gas analysis: a pilot study. J Breath Res 2015; 9:036002. [PMID: 25972041 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/3/036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we develop a simple two compartment model which extends the Farhi equation to the case when the inhaled concentration of a volatile organic compound (VOC) is not zero. The model connects the exhaled breath concentration of systemic VOCs with physiological parameters such as endogenous production rates and metabolic rates. Its validity is tested with data obtained for isoprene and inhaled deuterated isoprene-D5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Unterkofler
- Breath Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria. University of Applied Sciences Vorarlberg, Hochschulstr. 1, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria
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