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Hu S, McCartney MM, Arredondo J, Sankaran-Walters S, Borras E, Harper RW, Schivo M, Davis CE, Kenyon NJ, Dandekar S. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical exhaled breath condensate samples for metabolomic analysis. J Breath Res 2021; 16:10.1088/1752-7163/ac3f24. [PMID: 34852327 PMCID: PMC9809239 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac3f24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is routinely collected and analyzed in breath research. Because it contains aerosol droplets, EBC samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals harbor the virus and pose the threat of infectious exposure. We report for the first time a safe and consistent method to fully inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in EBC samples and make EBC samples safe for processing and analysis. EBC samples containing infectious SARS-CoV-2 were treated with several concentrations of acetonitrile. The most commonly used 10% acetonitrile treatment for EBC processing failed to completely inactivate the virus in samples and viable virus was detected by the assay of SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in a biosafety level 3 laboratory. Treatment with either 50% or 90% acetonitrile was effective to completely inactivate the virus, resulting in safe, non-infectious EBC samples that can be used for metabolomic analysis. Our study provides SARS-CoV-2 inactivation protocol for the collection and processing of EBC samples in the clinical setting and for advancing to metabolic assessments in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Mitchell M McCartney
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America
| | - Juan Arredondo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Sumathi Sankaran-Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Eva Borras
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Richart W Harper
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Michael Schivo
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- UC Davis Lung Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States of America,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America,Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.
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