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Saikia D, Nayak PK, Krishnan KR, Kondareddy R, Lakshmi DVN. Experimental investigation of modified indirect solar dryer with integrated thermal storage material for drying of dhekia (Diplazium esculentum) fern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18143-18156. [PMID: 36656481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Food product drying is a crucial stage in the preservation of crops and agricultural by-products that are used as raw materials for numerous end applications. The novelty of the study is the application of a phase change material in a solar dryer to improve the effectiveness of drying and reducing the overall drying period for drying while retaining/improving the quality parameters of the dried dhekia (Diplazium esculentum). The modified indirect thermal storage integrated solar dryer made up of a single-pass solar collector is attached with the drying chamber of 16.5 kg capacity. A thermal energy storage system prepared with paraffin wax embedded inside the drying cabinet was used. The proposed solar dryer has a thermal efficiency that is 11 ± 0.2% greater than the conventionally constructed solar dryer and reduces drying time by 40 ± 2.1%. Drying kinetic analysis of dhekia was performed, and two new drying kinetic models were proposed to predict moisture ratio. From statistical analysis, it was found that the chi square value and root mean square error value fits well for the proposed models. The anti-oxidant, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content values of samples dried in solar dryer exhibit better results compared to fresh, tray dried, and open sun-dried samples. The developed dryer shows better results in saving drying time and quality of the product. Due to its affordability and long-term solution for drying fresh farm goods, this dryer can be very helpful to small-scale farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanka Saikia
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar (A Centrally Funded Deemed to Be University Under Ministry of Education, Govt. of India), BTR, Assam, 783370, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar (A Centrally Funded Deemed to Be University Under Ministry of Education, Govt. of India), BTR, Assam, 783370, India.
| | - Kesavan Radha Krishnan
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar (A Centrally Funded Deemed to Be University Under Ministry of Education, Govt. of India), BTR, Assam, 783370, India.
| | - Rajesh Kondareddy
- Department of Instrumentation and Control, NIT, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
- Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar, India
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Dadhaneeya H, Kesavan RK, Inbaraj BS, Sharma M, Kamma S, Nayak PK, Sridhar K. Impact of Different Drying Methods on the Phenolic Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, and Quality Attributes of Dragon Fruit Slices and Pulp. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071387. [PMID: 37048211 PMCID: PMC10093639 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the refractance window drying method (RWD) with the hot air oven drying (HD), vacuum drying (VD), and freeze-drying (FD) methods in order to analyze the outcomes of the qualitative properties of dragon fruit slices and pulp. Moreover, the impact of temperature on the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, color, and texture of the dragon fruit slices and pulp were studied. The results showed that the RWD samples exhibited a high nutritional quality in contrast to the other drying methods. The RWD method had a short drying time of 960 min to reach the final moisture content of 6.50% (dry basis), while the FD, VD, and HD methods had significantly higher drying times of 1320, 1200, and 1080 min, respectively, to reach the final moisture content. Higher values of TPC (182 mg GAE/100 g) and crude fiber (0.98%) were obtained in the RWD dragon fruit samples, indicating the potential of RWD to preserve the quality of dried samples. In conclusion, this study revealed that RWD provides an appropriate drying temperature as an alternative to freeze-drying. RWD may improve dragon fruit drying, adding value to the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Dadhaneeya
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar 783370, India
| | - Radha Krishnan Kesavan
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar 783370, India
| | | | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua 793101, India
| | - Srinivasulu Kamma
- Department of Food Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University, Vaddeswaram 522502, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar 783370, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University, Vaddeswaram 522502, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.N.); (K.S.)
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Thakur AK, Singh R, Gehlot A, Kaviti AK, Aseer R, Suraparaju SK, Natarajan SK, Sikarwar VS. Advancements in solar technologies for sustainable development of agricultural sector in India: a comprehensive review on challenges and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43607-43634. [PMID: 35419684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of people in India. The majority of the population in India is dependent (directly or indirectly) on agriculture as an occupation. The agriculture sector requires more freshwater and power for better yield in the current scenario. Nevertheless, the ever-increasing rate of energy consumption, limited fossil fuels, and rising pollution have made the expansion of renewable resources essential. Due to the suitable solar potential available in India, the deployment of solar energy has been more as compared to other renewable resources. The current study aims to discuss the various technologies, initiatives and policies of solar energy usage in agriculture. This work delivers an assessment of the advancement of solar energy vis-à-vis agricultural applications through the greenhouse concept and photovoltaic approach in India. Various agricultural applications of solar energy, such as solar water desalination system, solar water pumping system, solar crop dryer system for food safety, etc. are discussed as a means to promote solar-based technology. It also highlights the scenario of solar energy in India with important accomplishments, developmental approaches, and future potential. In-depth studies of various policies and government initiatives including those in research and development are also discussed. The current survey on solar technologies will be an aid to agribusiness frameworks to comprehend the statuses, obstructions, and extent of advancement. Finally, some future recommendations for further developments in this approach are discussed. This work sheds light on varied areas of solar energy-assisted agricultural systems as a potentially sustainable and eco-friendly pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Thakur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Anita Gehlot
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Kaviti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, VNR VJIET, Nizampet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500090, India
| | - Ronald Aseer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, Union Territory of Puducherry, Puducherry, 609609, India
| | - Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, Union Territory of Puducherry, Puducherry, 609609, India
| | - Sendhil Kumar Natarajan
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, Union Territory of Puducherry, Puducherry, 609609, India
| | - Vineet Singh Sikarwar
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
- Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Nayak PK, Chandrasekar CM, Haque A, Kesavan RK. Influence of pre‐treatments on the degradation kinetics of chlorophylls in morisa xak (
Amaranthus caudatus
) leaves after microwave drying. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar Assam India
| | | | - Anbarul Haque
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar Assam India
| | - Radha Krishnan Kesavan
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar Assam India
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Kondareddy R, Sivakumaran N, Radha Krishnan K, Nayak PK, Sahu FM, Singha S. Performance evaluation and economic analysis of modified solar dryer with thermal energy storage for drying of blood fruit (
Haematocarpus validus
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kondareddy
- Department of Instrumentation and Control NIT Tiruchirappalli Tiruchirappalli India
- Department of Instrumentation Engineering CIT Kokrajhar Kokrajhar India
| | | | | | | | - Fakir Mohan Sahu
- Department of Post‐Harvest Technology Navsari Agricultural University Navsari India
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Barisik Marasli D, Colak Gunes N, Tavman S. A comprehensive review of solar photovoltaic hybrid food drying systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4152-4168. [PMID: 33480259 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Demand for all resources, especially food, water, and energy, has increased with the rapid increase in the world population. These resources are limited and not enough for the growing population of the world. Therefore, the food-energy-water nexus approach has gained much attention in recent years. Less energy and water consumption and less waste generation became the target for the more sustainable food production. Qualitative and quantitative losses in agricultural commodities growing in rural areas depend both on the structure of foods and incorrect or inadequate process applied to postharvest operations to preserve food. Therefore, drying is the most preferred food preservation method. To minimize the energy consumption during drying process, renewable energy technologies are emerging as an alternative solution. It reduces dependency of fossil fuels, adds value to agricultural products to meet the increasing demand, and minimizes qualitative and quantitative losses. In this work, theoretical and experimental studies of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) or photovoltaic (PV) integrated food-drying systems were comprehensively reviewed. The researches covered in this review are classified into three groups: PV module integrated, PV/T collector-assisted food-drying systems, and PV/T-assisted heat pump-drying systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebnem Tavman
- Department of Food Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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