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Lu C, Huang Y, Cui J, Wu J, Jiang C, Gu X, Cao Y, Yin S. Toward Practical Applications of Engineered Living Materials with Advanced Fabrication Techniques. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2295-2312. [PMID: 39002162 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) are materials composed of or incorporating living cells as essential functional units. These materials can be created using bottom-up approaches, where engineered cells spontaneously form well-defined aggregates. Alternatively, top-down methods employ advanced materials science techniques to integrate cells with various kinds of materials, creating hybrids where cells and materials are intricately combined. ELMs blend synthetic biology with materials science, allowing for dynamic responses to environmental stimuli such as stress, pH, humidity, temperature, and light. These materials exhibit unique "living" properties, including self-healing, self-replication, and environmental adaptability, making them highly suitable for a wide range of applications in medicine, environmental conservation, and manufacturing. Their inherent biocompatibility and ability to undergo genetic modifications allow for customized functionalities and prolonged sustainability. This review highlights the transformative impact of ELMs over recent decades, particularly in healthcare and environmental protection. We discuss current preparation methods, including the use of endogenous and exogenous scaffolds, living assembly, 3D bioprinting, and electrospinning. Emphasis is placed on ongoing research and technological advancements necessary to enhance the safety, functionality, and practical applicability of ELMs in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yaying Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
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2
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Tian S, Tan S, Fan M, Gong W, Yang T, Jiao F, Qiao H. Hypoxic environment of wounds and photosynthesis-based oxygen therapy. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae012. [PMID: 38860010 PMCID: PMC11163460 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The hypoxic environment is among the most important factors that complicates the healing of chronic wounds, such as venous leg ulcers, pressure injuries and diabetic foot ulcers, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Various oxygen supply treatments are used in clinical practice to improve the hypoxic environment at the wound site. However, problems still occur, such as insufficient oxygen supply, short oxygen infusion time and potential biosafety risks. In recent years, artificial photosynthetic systems have become a research hotspot in the fields of materials and energy. Photosynthesis is expected to improve the oxygen level at wound sites and promote wound healing because the method provides a continuous oxygen supply and has good biosafety. In this paper, oxygen treatment methods for wounds are reviewed, and the oxygen supply principle and construction of artificial photosynthesis systems are described. Finally, research progress on the photosynthetic oxygen production system to promote wound healing is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Tian
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shenyu Tan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingjie Fan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenlin Gong
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangwen Jiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
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Shashikumar U, Saraswat A, Deshmukh K, Hussain CM, Chandra P, Tsai PC, Huang PC, Chen YH, Ke LY, Lin YC, Chawla S, Ponnusamy VK. Innovative technologies for the fabrication of 3D/4D smart hydrogels and its biomedical applications - A comprehensive review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103163. [PMID: 38749384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Repairing and regenerating damaged tissues or organs, and restoring their functioning has been the ultimate aim of medical innovations. 'Reviving healthcare' blends tissue engineering with alternative techniques such as hydrogels, which have emerged as vital tools in modern medicine. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a practical manufacturing revolution that uses building strategies like molding as a viable solution for precise hydrogel manufacturing. Recent advances in this technology have led to the successful manufacturing of hydrogels with enhanced reproducibility, accuracy, precision, and ease of fabrication. Hydrogels continue to metamorphose as the vital compatible bio-ink matrix for AM. AM hydrogels have paved the way for complex 3D/4D hydrogels that can be loaded with drugs or cells. Bio-mimicking 3D cell cultures designed via hydrogel-based AM is a groundbreaking in-vivo assessment tool in biomedical trials. This brief review focuses on preparations and applications of additively manufactured hydrogels in the biomedical spectrum, such as targeted drug delivery, 3D-cell culture, numerous regenerative strategies, biosensing, bioprinting, and cancer therapies. Prevalent AM techniques like extrusion, inkjet, digital light processing, and stereo-lithography have been explored with their setup and methodology to yield functional hydrogels. The perspectives, limitations, and the possible prospects of AM hydrogels have been critically examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Shashikumar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Aditya Saraswat
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Kalim Deshmukh
- New Technologies - Research Centre University of West Bohemia Univerzitní 2732/8, 30100, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), China Medical University (CMU), Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
| | - Shashi Chawla
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
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Günter E, Popeyko O, Vityazev F, Popov S. Effect of Callus Cell Immobilization on the Textural and Rheological Properties, Loading, and Releasing of Grape Seed Extract from Pectin Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:273. [PMID: 38667692 PMCID: PMC11048760 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to prepare pectin hydrogels with immobilized Lemna minor callus cells and to identify the effect of cell immobilization on the textural, rheological, and swelling properties; loading; and releasing of grape seed extract (GSE) from the hydrogels. Hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, the strength of linkage, and complex viscosity decreased with increasing cell content in the hydrogels based on pectin with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) of 5.7% (TVC) and during incubation in gastrointestinal fluids. An increase in the rheological properties and fragility of pectin/callus hydrogels based on pectin with a DM of 33.0% (CP) was observed at a cell content of 0.4 g/mL. TVC-based pectin/callus beads increased their swelling in gastrointestinal fluids as cell content increased. TVC-based beads released GSE very slowly into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, indicating controlled release. The GSE release rate in colonic fluid decreased with increasing cell content, which was associated with the accumulation of GSE in cells. CP-based beads released GSE completely in the intestinal fluid due to weak textural characteristics and rapid degradation within 10 min. Pectin/callus hydrogels have the ability to preserve GSE for a long time and may have great potential for the development of proanthocyanidin delivery systems due to their novel beneficial physicochemical and textural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Günter
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | | | | | - Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
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Lazarus E, Meyer AS, Ikuma K, Rivero IV. Three dimensional printed biofilms: Fabrication, design and future biomedical and environmental applications. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14360. [PMID: 38041693 PMCID: PMC10832517 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional printing has emerged as a widely acceptable strategy for the fabrication of mammalian cell laden constructs with complex microenvironments for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. More recently 3D printed living materials containing microorganisms have been developed and matured into living biofilms. The potential for engineered 3D biofilms as in vitro models for biomedical applications, such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and environmental applications, such as bioleaching, bioremediation, and wastewater purification, is extensive but the need for an in-depth understanding of the structure-function relationship between the complex construct and the microorganism response still exists. This review discusses 3D printing fabrication methods for engineered biofilms with specific structural features. Next, it highlights the importance of bioink compositions and 3D bioarchitecture design. Finally, a brief overview of current and potential applications of 3D printed biofilms in environmental and biomedical fields is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lazarus
- Department Industrial and Systems EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Kaoru Ikuma
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Iris V. Rivero
- Department Industrial and Systems EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Verma S, Khanna V, Kumar S, Kumar S. The Art of Building Living Tissues: Exploring the Frontiers of Biofabrication with 3D Bioprinting. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47322-47339. [PMID: 38144142 PMCID: PMC10734012 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The scope of three-dimensional printing is expanding rapidly, with innovative approaches resulting in the evolution of state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting (3DbioP) techniques for solving issues in bioengineering and biopharmaceutical research. The methods and tools in 3DbioP emphasize the extrusion process, bioink formulation, and stability of the bioprinted scaffold. Thus, 3DbioP technology augments 3DP in the biological world by providing technical support to regenerative therapy, drug delivery, bioengineering of prosthetics, and drug kinetics research. Besides the above, drug delivery and dosage control have been achieved using 3D bioprinted microcarriers and capsules. Developing a stable, biocompatible, and versatile bioink is a primary requisite in biofabrication. The 3DbioP research is breaking the technical barriers at a breakneck speed. Numerous techniques and biomaterial advancements have helped to overcome current 3DbioP issues related to printability, stability, and bioink formulation. Therefore, this Review aims to provide an insight into the technical challenges of bioprinting, novel biomaterials for bioink formulation, and recently developed 3D bioprinting methods driving future applications in biofabrication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Verma
- Department
of Health Research-Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Vikram Khanna
- Department
of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George’s
Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- Department
of Health Research-Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department
of Health Research-Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
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Reinhardt O, Ihmann S, Ahlhelm M, Gelinsky M. 3D bioprinting of mineralizing cyanobacteria as novel approach for the fabrication of living building materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1145177. [PMID: 37077229 PMCID: PMC10106584 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1145177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Living building materials (LBM) are gaining interest in the field of sustainable alternative construction materials to reduce the significant impact of the construction industry on global CO2 emissions. This study investigated the process of three-dimensional bioprinting to create LBM incorporating the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002, which is capable of producing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a biocement. Rheology and printability of biomaterial inks based on alginate-methylcellulose hydrogels containing up to 50 wt% sea sand were examined. PCC 7002 was incorporated into the bioinks and cell viability and growth was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and chlorophyll extraction after the printing process. Biomineralization was induced in liquid culture and in the bioprinted LBM and observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and through mechanical characterization. Cell viability in the bioprinted scaffolds was confirmed over 14 days of cultivation, demonstrating that the cells were able to withstand shear stress and pressure during the extrusion process and remain viable in the immobilized state. CaCO3 mineralization of PCC 7002 was observed in both liquid culture and bioprinted LBM. In comparison to cell-free scaffolds, LBM containing live cyanobacteria had a higher compressive strength. Therefore, bioprinted LBM containing photosynthetically active, mineralizing microorganisms could be proved to be beneficial for designing environmentally friendly construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Reinhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ihmann
- Biologized Materials and Structures, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Ahlhelm
- Biologized Materials and Structures, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Gelinsky,
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Günter E, Popeyko O, Popov S. Ca-Alginate Hydrogel with Immobilized Callus Cells as a New Delivery System of Grape Seed Extract. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030256. [PMID: 36975705 PMCID: PMC10048767 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new delivery systems for polyphenols is necessary to maintain their antioxidant activity and targeted delivery. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain alginate hydrogels with immobilized callus cells, in order to study the interaction between the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, texture, swelling behaviour, and grape seed extract (GSE) release in vitro. The inclusion of duckweed (LMC) and campion (SVC) callus cells in hydrogels led to a decrease in their porosity, gel strength, adhesiveness, and thermal stability, and an increase in the encapsulation efficiency compared with alginate hydrogel. The incorporation of LMC cells (0.17 g/mL), which were smaller, resulted in the formation of a stronger gel. The Fourier transform infrared analyses indicated the entrapment of GSE in the alginate hydrogel. Alginate/callus hydrogels had reduced swelling and GSE release in the simulated intestinal (SIF) and colonic (SCF) fluids due to their less porous structure and the retention of GSE in cells. Alginate/callus hydrogels gradually released GSE in SIF and SCF. The faster GSE release in SIF and SCF was associated with reduced gel strength and increased swelling of the hydrogels. LMC-1.0Alginate hydrogels with lower swelling, higher initial gel strength, and thermal stability released GSE more slowly in SIF and SCF. The GSE release was dependent on the content of SVC cells in 1.0% alginate hydrogels. The data obtained show that the addition of callus cells to the hydrogel provides them with physicochemical and textural properties that are useful for the development of drug delivery systems in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Günter
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Oxana Popeyko
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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3D printing of bio-instructive materials: Toward directing the cell. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:292-327. [PMID: 35574057 PMCID: PMC9058956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Xiao Q, Ma M, Chen J, Zhang Y, Chen F, Weng H, Xiao A. Preparation of macroporous rigid agarose microspheres by pre-crosslinking with cyclic anhydride. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:41-54. [PMID: 36156340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new method for preparing macroporous rigid agarose microspheres was developed by one-step pre-crosslinking method with cyclic anhydride. Three different cyclic anhydrides, namely, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and glutaric anhydride, were used to pre-crosslink agarose. The reaction temperature and the amount of cyclic anhydride in the pre-crosslinking process were optimized to endow agarose with stronger cross-linking. Under the optimal cross-linking condition, macroporous rigid agarose microspheres with homogeneous particle size were successfully obtained by adjusting emulsification method. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphology of cross-linked agarose gel and microspheres. The addition of cyclic anhydride increased the gel aperture of cross-linked agarose microspheres, thereby making the macropores in the microspheres more dense and enhancing the mass transfer in the particles. Under low pressure, the cross-linked agarose microsphere column can effectively separate model proteins at linear flow rates three times higher than the agarose microsphere column. These results indicate that the developed agarose microspheres are a promising high-speed chromatographic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China.
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11
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Kärkkäinen E, Aisala H, Rischer H, Sozer N. Formation and analysis of structured solid foam patties based on crosslinked plant cell suspension cultures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Photosynthetic microorganisms for the oxygenation of advanced 3D bioprinted tissues. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00278-1. [PMID: 35562006 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology has emerged as a tool that promises to revolutionize the biomedical field, including tissue engineering and regeneration. Despite major technological advancements, several challenges remain to be solved before 3D bioprinted tissues could be fully translated from the bench to the bedside. As oxygen plays a key role in aerobic metabolism, which allows energy production in the mitochondria; as a consequence, the lack of tissue oxygenation is one of the main limitations of current bioprinted tissues and organs. In order to improve tissue oxygenation, recent approaches have been established for a broad range of clinical applications, with some already applied using 3D bioprinting technologies. Among them, the incorporation of photosynthetic microorganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, is a promising approach that has been recently explored to generate chimerical plant-animal tissues where, upon light exposure, oxygen can be produced and released in a localized and controlled manner. This review will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art approaches to improve tissue oxygenation, as well as studies describing the use of photosynthetic microorganisms in 3D bioprinting technologies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D bioprinting technology has emerged as a tool for the generation of viable and functional tissues for direct in vitro and in vivo applications, including disease modeling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Despite the latest advancements in this field, suboptimal oxygen delivery to cells before, during and after the bioprinting process limits their viability within 3D bioprinted tissues. This review article first highlights state-of-the-art approaches used to improve oxygen delivery in bioengineered tissues to overcome this challenge. Then, it focuses on the emerging roles played by photosynthetic organisms as novel biomaterials for bioink generation. Finally, it provides considerations around current challenges and novel potential opportunities for their use in bioinks, by comparing latest published studies using algae for 3D bioprinting.
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Green Bioprinting with Layer-by-Layer Photo-Crosslinking: A Designed Experimental Investigation on Shape Fidelity and Cell Viability of Printed Constructs. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp6020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Process variables of bioprinting (including extrusion pressure, nozzle size, and bioink composition) can affect the shape fidelity and cell viability of printed constructs. Reported studies show that increasing extrusion pressure or decreasing nozzle size would decrease cell viability in printed constructs. However, a smaller nozzle size is often necessary for printing constructs of higher shape fidelity, and a higher extrusion pressure is usually needed to extrude bioink through nozzles with a smaller diameter. Because values of printing process variables that increase shape fidelity can be detrimental to cell viability, the optimum combination of variables regarding both shape fidelity and cell viability must be determined for specific bioink compositions. This paper reports a designed experimental investigation (full factorial design with three variables and two levels) on bioprinting by applying layer-by-layer photo-crosslinking and using the alginate-methylcellulose-GelMA bioink containing algae cells. The study investigates both the main effects and interaction effects of extrusion pressure, nozzle size, and bioink composition on the shape fidelity and cell viability of printed constructs. Results show that, as extrusion pressure changed from its low level to its high level, shape fidelity and cell viability decreased. As nozzle size changed from its low level to its high level, shape fidelity decreased while cell viability increased. As bioink composition changed from its low level (with more methylcellulose content in the bioink) to its high level (with less methylcellulose content in the bioink), shape fidelity and cell viability increased.
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14
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Krujatz F, Dani S, Windisch J, Emmermacher J, Hahn F, Mosshammer M, Murthy S, Steingroewer J, Walther T, Kühl M, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Think outside the box: 3D bioprinting concepts for biotechnological applications – recent developments and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Balasubramanian S, Yu K, Cardenas DV, Aubin-Tam ME, Meyer AS. Emergent Biological Endurance Depends on Extracellular Matrix Composition of Three-Dimensionally Printed Escherichia coli Biofilms. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2997-3008. [PMID: 34652130 PMCID: PMC8609572 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biofilms are three-dimensional
(3D) bacterial communities that
exhibit a highly self-organized nature in terms of their composition
and complex architecture. Bacteria in biofilms display emergent biological
properties, such as resistance to antimicrobials and disinfectants
that the individual planktonic cells lack. Bacterial biofilms possess
specialized architectural features including unique extracellular
matrix compositions and a distinct spatially patterned arrangement
of cells and matrix components within the biofilm. It is unclear which
of these architectural elements of bacterial biofilms lead to the
development of their emergent biological properties. Here, we report
a 3D printing-based technique for studying the emergent resistance
behaviors of Escherichia coli biofilms
as a function of their architecture. Cellulose and curli are the major
extracellular-matrix components in E. coli biofilms. We show that 3D-printed biofilms expressing either curli
alone or both curli and cellulose in their extracellular matrices
show higher resistance to exposure against disinfectants than 3D prints
expressing either cellulose alone or no biofilm-matrix components.
The 3D-printed biofilms expressing cellulose and/or curli also show
thicker anaerobic zones than nonbiofilm-forming E.
coli 3D prints. Thus, the matrix composition plays
a crucial role in the emergent spatial patterning and biological endurance
of 3D-printed biofilms. In contrast, initial spatial distribution
of bacterial density or curli-producing cells does not have an effect
on biofilm resistance phenotypes. Further, these 3D-printed biofilms
could be reversibly attached to different surfaces (bacterial cellulose,
glass, and polystyrene) and display resistance to physical distortions
by retaining their shape and structure. This physical robustness highlights
their potential in applications including bioremediation, protective
coatings against pathogens on medical devices, or wastewater treatment,
among many others. This new understanding of the emergent behavior
of bacterial biofilms could aid in the development of novel engineered
living materials using synthetic biology and materials science approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikkanth Balasubramanian
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kui Yu
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Vasquez Cardenas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam
- Department of Bionanoscience & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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16
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Varma A, Gemeda HB, McNulty MJ, McDonald KA, Nandi S, Knipe JM. Immobilization of transgenic plant cells towards bioprinting for production of a recombinant biodefense agent. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100133. [PMID: 34347377 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rice cells (Oryza sativa) producing recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as a prophylactic/therapeutic against organophosphate nerve agent poisoning, cocaine toxicity, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's were immobilized in a polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel. The cells were sustained for 14 days in the semi-solid matrix, undergoing a growth phase from days 0-6, a BChE production phase in sugar-free medium from days 6-12, and a growth/recovery phase from days 12-14. Throughout this period, the cells maintained similar viability to those in suspension cultures and displayed analogous sugar consumption trends. The rice cells in the hydrogel also produced a significant amount of active BChE, comparable to the levels produced in liquid cultures. A considerable fraction of this BChE was secreted into the media, allowing for easier product separation. To the best of our knowledge, this proof-of-concept is the first report of immobilization of recombinant plant cells for continuous production of high-value heterologous proteins. This work serves as a foundation for further investigation towards plant cell bioprinting and the development of a simple, efficient, robust, modular, and potentially field-deployable bioreactor system for the manufacture of biologics. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT AND LAY SUMMARY: Transgenic rice cells were combined with a polyethylene glycol tetra-acrylate (PEGTA) and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) bioink and cured with UV light to construct an immobilized cell-based protein production system. The cells were maintained for 14 days in the hydrogel matrix and were induced to actively make and secrete recombinant butyrylcholinesterase, a complex enzyme that irreversibly binds to and can hydrolyze organophosphate. This proof-of-concept study showcases the use of immobilized and potentially bioprintable plant cells to produce high-value proteins with prophylactic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Varma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hawi B Gemeda
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Matthew J McNulty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jennifer M Knipe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
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17
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Krieghoff J, Rost J, Kohn-Polster C, Müller BM, Koenig A, Flath T, Schulz-Siegmund M, Schulze FP, Hacker MC. Extrusion-Printing of Multi-Channeled Two-Component Hydrogel Constructs from Gelatinous Peptides and Anhydride-Containing Oligomers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040370. [PMID: 33916295 PMCID: PMC8065526 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGC) in peripheral nerve regeneration can be improved by providing structures with multiple small channels instead of a single wide lumen. 3D-printing is a strategy to access such multi-channeled structures in a defined and reproducible way. This study explores extrusion-based 3D-printing of two-component hydrogels from a single cartridge printhead into multi-channeled structures under aseptic conditions. The gels are based on a platform of synthetic, anhydride-containing oligomers for cross-linking of gelatinous peptides. Stable constructs with continuous small channels and a variety of footprints and sizes were successfully generated from formulations containing either an organic or inorganic gelation base. The adjustability of the system was investigated by varying the cross-linking oligomer and substituting the gelation bases controlling the cross-linking kinetics. Formulations with organic N-methyl-piperidin-3-ol and inorganic K2HPO4 yielded hydrogels with comparable properties after manual processing and extrusion-based 3D-printing. The slower reaction kinetics of formulations with K2HPO4 can be beneficial for extending the time frame for printing. The two-component hydrogels displayed both slow hydrolytic and activity-dependent enzymatic degradability. Together with satisfying in vitro cell proliferation data, these results indicate the suitability of our cross-linked hydrogels as multi-channeled NGC for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krieghoff
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Johannes Rost
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany; (T.F.); (F.-P.S.)
| | - Caroline Kohn-Polster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Benno M. Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Tobias Flath
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany; (T.F.); (F.-P.S.)
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Fritz-Peter Schulze
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK Leipzig), Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 134, 04277 Leipzig, Germany; (T.F.); (F.-P.S.)
| | - Michael C. Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Straße 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (M.S.-S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-81-14220
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18
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Krasteva G, Georgiev V, Pavlov A. Recent applications of plant cell culture technology in cosmetics and foods. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:68-76. [PMID: 33716606 PMCID: PMC7923559 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used as the main source of phytochemicals with nutritional, medicinal, cultural and cosmetic applications since times immemorial. Nowadays, achieving sustainable development, global climate change, restricted access to fresh water, limited food supply and growing energy demands are among the critical global challenges faced by humanity. Plant cell culture technology has the potential to address some of these challenges by providing effective tools for sustainable supply of phyto-ingredients with reduced energy, carbon and water footprints. The main aim of this review is to discuss the recent trends in the development of plant cell culture technologies for production of plant-derived substances with application in food products and cosmetic formulations. The specific technological steps and requirements for the final products are discussed in the light of the advances in cultivation technologies used for growing differentiated and undifferentiated plant in vitro systems. Future prospects and existing challenges of the commercialization of plant cell culture-derived products have been outlined through the prism of the authors' point of view. We expect this review will encourage scientists, policymakers and business enterprises to join efforts for speeding-up the mass commercialization and popularization of plant cell culture technology as an eco-friendly alternative method for sustainable production of plant-derived additives with application in food and cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Krasteva
- Laboratory of Cell BiosystemsThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesPlovdivBulgaria
| | - Vasil Georgiev
- Laboratory of Cell BiosystemsThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesPlovdivBulgaria
| | - Atanas Pavlov
- Laboratory of Cell BiosystemsThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesPlovdivBulgaria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and PhysicochemistryUniversity of Food TechnologiesPlovdivBulgaria
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19
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Pössl A, Hartzke D, Schmidts TM, Runkel FE, Schlupp P. A targeted rheological bioink development guideline and its systematic correlation with printing behavior. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33472177 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abde1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting for tissue or disease models is a promising but complex process involving biofabrication, cell culture and a carrier material known as bioink. The native extracellular matrix (ECM), which forms the scaffold for cells in vivo, consists of several components including collagen as a gelling agent to confer mechanical stiffness and provide a substrate for cell attachment. Bioprinting therefore needs an artificial ECM that fulfils the same functions as its natural counterpart during and after the printing process. The combination of bioink materials determines the immune response of the host, cell compatibility and adhesion. Here we evaluate multi-material blending with four pre-selected components using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. Our exemplary designed hydrogel is highly reproducible for the development of artificial ECM and can be expanded to incorporate additional requirements. The bioink displays shear-thinning behavior and a high zero-shear viscosity, which is essential for the printing process. We assessed the printing behavior of our bioink over a wide range of the key process parameters for extrusion-based bioprinting (temperature, pressure, feed rate, and nozzle geometry). Several processing temperatures were linked by rheological measurements directly to the 3D printing process. The printing results were evaluated using a self-developed categoric strand screening process, varying the feed rate and pressure with a fixed nozzle. Accordingly, nozzles differing in size and shape were evaluated and the interactions between printing pressure and feed rate were characterized separately by applying a modified O-R-O test. We tested the short-term cultivation stability of our bioink to mimic the hypothermic and hyperthermic conditions of the human body. As result we present an expandable concept for bioink development and a highly reproducible and well-characterized procedure for printing with the newly developed hydrogel. We provide detailed insights into the relationship between printing parameters, rheological parameters and short-term cultivation stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Pössl
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, Giessen, Hesse, 35390, GERMANY
| | - David Hartzke
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, Giessen, Hesse, 35390, GERMANY
| | - Thomas M Schmidts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, Giessen, Hesse, 35390, GERMANY
| | - Frank E Runkel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, Giessen, Hesse, 35390, GERMANY
| | - Peggy Schlupp
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, Giessen, Hesse, 35390, GERMANY
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20
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Zhao L, Huang Y, Zhu K, Miao Z, Zhao J, Che XJ, Hao D, Zhang R, Ma G. Manipulation of pore structure during manufacture of agarose microspheres for bioseparation. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:504-513. [PMID: 33204237 PMCID: PMC7645642 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarose microspheres with a controllable pore structure were manufactured by varying agarose types and crosslinking degrees. Various agarose could tailor the gel formation of microspheres matrix and thus affect the final pore structures. Small pores in microspheres could be fabricated by agarose with a higher molecular weight, which was demonstrated by the packed column with lower distribution coefficient (Kav ) values measured by gel filtration chromatography. Further, higher Kav values also demonstrated that more and larger pores were formed with increasing the crosslinking degree of agarose microspheres. Either using agarose with a high molecular weight or increasing the crosslinking degree would finally lead to the enhancement of the flow rate during flow performance of packed column as necessary for improving separation efficiency. This provides a foundation for high-resolution chromatography with a controllable separation range as beneficial for downstream process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yongdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Kai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jiazhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiang Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Environment and Chemical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoP. R. China
| | - Dongxia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Rongyue Zhang
- College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Petrochemical TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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21
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Chávez MN, Moellhoff N, Schenck TL, Egaña JT, Nickelsen J. Photosymbiosis for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:577204. [PMID: 33123516 PMCID: PMC7573207 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.577204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Without the sustained provision of adequate levels of oxygen by the cardiovascular system, the tissues of higher animals are incapable of maintaining normal metabolic activity, and hence cannot survive. The consequence of this evolutionarily suboptimal design is that humans are dependent on cardiovascular perfusion, and therefore highly susceptible to alterations in its normal function. However, hope may be at hand. “Photosynthetic strategies,” based on the recognition that photosynthesis is the source of all oxygen, offer a revolutionary and promising solution to pathologies related to tissue hypoxia. These approaches, which have been under development over the past 20 years, seek to harness photosynthetic microorganisms as a local and controllable source of oxygen to circumvent the need for blood perfusion to sustain tissue survival. To date, their applications extend from the in vitro creation of artificial human tissues to the photosynthetic maintenance of oxygen-deprived organs both in vivo and ex vivo, while their potential use in other medical approaches has just begun to be explored. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of photosynthetic technologies and its innovative applications, as well as an expert assessment of the major challenges and how they can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra N Chávez
- Molecular Plant Science, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Moellhoff
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo L Schenck
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - José Tomás Egaña
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biological Sciences and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Science, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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22
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Correia Carreira S, Begum R, Perriman AW. 3D Bioprinting: The Emergence of Programmable Biodesign. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1900554. [PMID: 31407502 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, bioprinting was largely limited to highly interdisciplinary research teams, as the process requires significant input from specialists in the fields of materials science, engineering, and cell biology. With the advent of commercially available high-performance bioprinters, the field has become accessible to a wider range of research groups, who can now buy the hardware off the shelf instead of having to build it from scratch. As a result, bioprinting has rapidly expanded to address a wide array of research foci, which include organotypic in vitro models, complex engineered tissues, and even bioprinted microbial systems. Moreover, in the early days, the range of suitable bioinks was limited. Now, there is a plethora of viable options to suit many cell phenotypes. This rapidly evolving dynamic environment creates endless opportunities for scientists to design and construct highly complex biological systems. However, this scientific diversity presents its own set of challenges, such as defining standardized protocols for characterizing bioprinted structures, which is essential for eventual organ replacement. In this progress report, the current state-of-the-art in the field of bioprinting is discussed, with a special emphasis on recent hardware developments, bioprinting for regenerative medicine, and late-breaking nontraditional topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Correia Carreira
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Bristol University Walk Bristol BS8 1TD UK
| | - Runa Begum
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Bristol University Walk Bristol BS8 1TD UK
| | - Adam W. Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Bristol University Walk Bristol BS8 1TD UK
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23
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Hafezi F, Shorter S, Tabriz AG, Hurt A, Elmes V, Boateng J, Douroumis D. Bioprinting and Preliminary Testing of Highly Reproducible Novel Bioink for Potential Skin Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060550. [PMID: 32545741 PMCID: PMC7356948 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is considered as a novel approach in biofabricating cell-laden constructs that could potentially be used to promote skin regeneration following injury. In this study, a novel crosslinked chitosan (CH)–genipin (GE) bioink laden with keratinocyte and human dermal fibroblast cells was developed and printed successfully using an extruder-based bioprinter. By altering the composition and degree of CH–GE crosslinking, bioink printability was further assessed and compared with a commercial bioink. Rheological analysis showed that the viscosity of the optimised bioink was in a suitable range that facilitated reproducible and reliable printing by applying low pressures ranging from 20–40 kPa. The application of low printing pressures proved vital for viability of cells loaded within the bioinks. Further characterisation using MTT assay showed that cells were still viable within the printed construct at 93% despite the crosslinking, processing and after subjecting to physiological conditions for seven days. The morphological study of the printed cells showed that they were mobile within the bioink. Furthermore, the multi-layered 3D printed constructs demonstrated excellent self-supportive structures in a consistent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Hafezi
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (F.H.); (S.S.); (A.G.T.); (A.H.); (V.E.)
- Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Susan Shorter
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (F.H.); (S.S.); (A.G.T.); (A.H.); (V.E.)
| | - Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (F.H.); (S.S.); (A.G.T.); (A.H.); (V.E.)
- Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Andrew Hurt
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (F.H.); (S.S.); (A.G.T.); (A.H.); (V.E.)
| | - Victoria Elmes
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (F.H.); (S.S.); (A.G.T.); (A.H.); (V.E.)
| | - Joshua Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (F.H.); (S.S.); (A.G.T.); (A.H.); (V.E.)
- Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (F.H.); (S.S.); (A.G.T.); (A.H.); (V.E.)
- Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (D.D.)
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Ahlfeld T, Cubo-Mateo N, Cometta S, Guduric V, Vater C, Bernhardt A, Akkineni AR, Lode A, Gelinsky M. A Novel Plasma-Based Bioink Stimulates Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Bioprinted, Mineralized Constructs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12557-12572. [PMID: 32092249 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting, also known as 3D bioplotting, is a powerful tool for the fabrication of tissue equivalents with spatially defined cell distribution. Even though considerable progress has been made in recent years, there is still a lack of bioinks which enable a tissue-like cell response and are plottable at the same time with good shape fidelity. Herein, we report on the development of a bioink which includes fresh frozen plasma from full human blood and thus a donor/patient-specific protein mixture. By blending of the plasma with 3 w/v% alginate and 9 w/v% methylcellulose, a pasty bioink (plasma-alg-mc) was achieved, which could be plotted with high accuracy and furthermore allowed bioplotted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and primary osteoprogenitor cells to spread within the bioink. In a second step, the novel plasma-based bioink was combined with a plottable self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) to fabricate bone-like tissue constructs. The CPC/plasma-alg-mc biphasic constructs revealed open porosity over the entire time of cell culture (35 d), which is crucial for bone tissue engineered grafts. The biphasic structures could be plotted in volumetric and clinically relevant dimensions and complex shapes could be also generated, as demonstrated for a scaphoid bone model. The plasma bioink potentiated that bioplotted MSC were not harmed by the setting process of the CPC. Latest after 7 days, MSC migrated from the hydrogel to the CPC surface, where they proliferated to 20-fold of the initial cell number covering the entire plotted constructs with a dense cell layer. For bioplotted and osteogenically stimulated osteoprogenitor cells, a significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in CPC/plasma-alg-mc constructs in comparison to plasma-free controls. In conclusion, the novel plasma-alg-mc bioink is a promising new ink for several forms of bioprinted tissue equivalents and especially gainful for the combination with CPC for enhanced, biofabricated bone-like constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nieves Cubo-Mateo
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Cometta
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Guduric
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corina Vater
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Rahul Akkineni
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Emmermacher J, Spura D, Cziommer J, Kilian D, Wollborn T, Fritsching U, Steingroewer J, Walther T, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Engineering considerations on extrusion-based bioprinting: interactions of material behavior, mechanical forces and cells in the printing needle. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025022. [PMID: 32050179 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Systematic analysis of the extrusion process in 3D bioprinting is mandatory for process optimization concerning production speed, shape fidelity of the 3D construct and cell viability. In this study, we applied numerical and analytical modeling to describe the fluid flow inside the printing head based on a Herschel-Bulkley model. The presented analytical calculation method nicely reproduces the results of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation concerning pressure drop over the printing head and maximal shear parameters at the outlet. An approach with dimensionless flow parameter enables the user to adapt rheological characteristics of a bioink, the printing pressure and needle diameter with regard to processing time, shear sensitivity of the integrated cells, shape fidelity and strand dimension. Bioinks consist of a blend of polymers and cells, which lead to a complex fluid behavior. In the present study, a bioink containing alginate, methylcellulose and agarose (AMA) was used as experimental model to compare the calculated with the experimental pressure gradient. With cultures of an immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell line and plant cells (basil) it was tested how cells influence the flow and how mechanical forces inside the printing needle affect cell viability. Influences on both sides increased with cell (aggregation) size as well as a less spherical shape. This study contributes to a systematic description of the extrusion-based bioprinting process and introduces a general strategy for process design, transferable to other bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Emmermacher
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany. Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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26
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Mehrotra S, Kumar S, Srivastava V, Mishra T, Mishra BN. 3D Bioprinting in Plant Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:9-13. [PMID: 31813708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we highlight advances and opportunities for using 3D bioprinting in plant biology research that could lead to low-cost solutions for biomedical and other applications. For example, the development of plant cell-based and plant-inspired 3D-printed constructs could provide information about single-cell, tissue, and whole-plant interactions with the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Mehrotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226021, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226021, India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, Samba District, Jammu and Kashmir 181143, India
| | - Taijshee Mishra
- Center for Policy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226021, India.
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27
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Ahlfeld T, Guduric V, Duin S, Akkineni AR, Schütz K, Kilian D, Emmermacher J, Cubo-Mateo N, Dani S, Witzleben MV, Spangenberg J, Abdelgaber R, Richter RF, Lode A, Gelinsky M. Methylcellulose – a versatile printing material that enables biofabrication of tissue equivalents with high shape fidelity. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2102-2110. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This minireview highlights the use of the polysaccharide methylcellulose for biofabrication applications. Its properties are useful for printing of dissolvable support structures as well as the development of novel bioinks.
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Rastogi P, Kandasubramanian B. Review of alginate-based hydrogel bioprinting for application in tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2019; 11:042001. [PMID: 31315105 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab331e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dawn of 3D printing in medicine has given the field the hope of vitality in many patients fighting a multitude of diseases. Also entitled bioprinting, this appertains to its sequential printing of precursor ink, embodying cells and polymer/composite in a predetermined trajectory. The precursor ink, in addition to cells, is predominantly constituted of hydrogels due to its biodegradability and ability to mimic the body's anatomy and mechanical features, e.g. bones, etc. This review paper is devoted to explicating the bioprinting (3D/4D) of alginate hydrogels, which are extracts from brown algae, through extrusion additive manufacturing. Alginates are salt derivatives of alginic acid and constitute long chains of polysaccharides, which provides pliability and gelling adeptness to their structure. Alginate hydrogel (employed for extrusion) can be pristine or composite relying on the requisite properties (target application controlled or in vivo environment), e.g. alginate-natural (gelatin/agarose/collagen/hyaluronic acid/etc) and alginate-synthetic (polyethylene glycol (PEG)/pluronic F-127/etc). Extrusion additive manufacturing of alginate is preponderate among others with its uncomplicated processing, material efficiency (cut down on wastage), and outspread adaptability for viscosities (0.03-6 * 104 Pa.s), but the procedure is limited by resolution (200 μm) in addition to accuracy. However, 3D-fabricated biostructures display rigidness (unvarying with conditions) i.e. lacks a smart response, which is reassured by accounting time feature as a noteworthy accessory to printing, interpreted as 4D bioprinting. This review propounds the specific processing itinerary for alginate (meanwhile traversing across its composites/blends with natural and synthetic consideration) in extrusion along with its pre-/during/post-processing parameters intrinsic to the process. Furthermore, propensity is also presented in its (alginate extrusion processing) application for tissue engineering, i.e. bones, cartilage (joints), brain (neural), ear, heart (cardiac), eyes (corneal), etc, due to a worldwide quandary over accessibility to natural organs for diverse types of diseases. Additionally, the review contemplates recently invented advance printing, i.e. 4D printing for biotic species, with its challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasansha Rastogi
- Rapid Prototyping Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune- 411025, India
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29
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Hodder E, Duin S, Kilian D, Ahlfeld T, Seidel J, Nachtigall C, Bush P, Covill D, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Investigating the effect of sterilisation methods on the physical properties and cytocompatibility of methyl cellulose used in combination with alginate for 3D-bioplotting of chondrocytes. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:10. [PMID: 30610462 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For both the incorporation of cells and future therapeutic applications the sterility of a biomaterial must be ensured. However, common sterilisation techniques are intense and often negatively impact on material physicochemical attributes, which can affect its suitability for tissue engineering and 3D printing. In the present study four sterilisation methods, autoclave, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) treatment, UV- and gamma (γ) irradiation were evaluated regarding their impact on material properties and cellular responses. The investigations were performed on methyl cellulose (MC) as a component of an alginate/methyl cellulose (alg/MC) bioink, used for bioprinting embedded bovine primary chondrocytes (BPCs). In contrast to the autoclave, scCO2 and UV-treatments, the γ-irradiated MC resulted in a strong reduction in alg/MC viscosity and stability after extrusion which made this method unsuitable for precise bioprinting. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed a significant reduction in MC molecular mass only after γ-irradiation, which influenced MC chain mobility in the Ca2+-crosslinked alginate network as well as gel composition and microstructure. With regard to cell survival and proteoglycan matrix production, the results determined UV-irradiation and autoclaving as the best candidates for sterilisation. The scCO2-treatment of MC resulted in an unfavourable cell response indicating that this method needs careful optimisation prior to application for cell encapsulation. As proven by consistent FT-IR spectra, chemical alterations could be excluded as a cause for the differences seen between MC treatments on alg/MC behaviour. This investigation provides knowledge for the development of a clinically appropriate 3D-printing-based fabrication process to produce bioengineered tissue for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Hodder
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
| | - Sarah Duin
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Seidel
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Nachtigall
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Bush
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Derek Covill
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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30
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Topuz F, Nadernezhad A, Caliskan OS, Menceloglu YZ, Koc B. Nanosilicate embedded agarose hydrogels with improved bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Chen K, Fan X, Tang K, Wan G, He X, Li X, Chen Q, Shen M, Lv Y, Wang F. Morphology-Controllable Collagen/Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Porous Hydrogel with a Paraffin Microsphere as a Template. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1311-1318. [PMID: 34996235 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) matrix was fabricated by a paraffin template method, which was used as a substrate to adhere collagen fibers to form an interconnective porous collagen/PHEMA (Col-PHEMA) composite hydrogel. A microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to characterize the morphology of paraffin microspheres and Col-PHEMA composite hydrogels. The paraffin microspheres with the diameter in the range from 100 to 200 μm were collected by a preset sieve. Then, the interface of uniform paraffin microspheres were thermally bonded to form a contacted template, and the derived Col-PHEMA composite hydrogels had an interconnective porous microstructure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that new hydrogen bonds were formed between collagen fibers and the PHEMA hydrogel. Besides, the Col-PHEMA composite hydrogels revealed a high hydrophilicity, good mechanical properties, and good water uptake capacity. The porous Col-PHEMA composite hydrogels showed a good biocompatibility, and the collagen layer may promote the proliferation of fibroblast cells. The Col-PHEMA composite hydrogel is expected to find an application in corneal repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xialian Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Keyong Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangming Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xichan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiyuan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Min Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yiwen Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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32
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Seidel J, Krujatz F, Walther T, Gelinsky M, Lode A, Steingroewer J. Green Bioprinting - 3D-Druck mit pflanzlichen Zellen für die Biotechnologie. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Seidel
- Technische Universität Dresden; Institut für Naturstofftechnik; Bergstraße 120 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden; Zentrum für Translationale Knochen-, Gelenk- und Weichgewebeforschung; Fetscherstraße 74 01307 Dresden Deutschland
| | - F. Krujatz
- Technische Universität Dresden; Institut für Naturstofftechnik; Bergstraße 120 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - T. Walther
- Technische Universität Dresden; Institut für Naturstofftechnik; Bergstraße 120 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - M. Gelinsky
- Technische Universität Dresden; Zentrum für Translationale Knochen-, Gelenk- und Weichgewebeforschung; Fetscherstraße 74 01307 Dresden Deutschland
| | - A. Lode
- Technische Universität Dresden; Zentrum für Translationale Knochen-, Gelenk- und Weichgewebeforschung; Fetscherstraße 74 01307 Dresden Deutschland
| | - J. Steingroewer
- Technische Universität Dresden; Institut für Naturstofftechnik; Bergstraße 120 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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33
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Holzmeister I, Schamel M, Groll J, Gbureck U, Vorndran E. Artificial inorganic biohybrids: The functional combination of microorganisms and cells with inorganic materials. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:17-35. [PMID: 29698705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrids can be defined as the functional combination of proteins, viable cells or microorganisms with non-biological materials. This article reviews recent findings on the encapsulation of microorganisms and eukaryotic cells in inorganic matrices such as silica gels or cements. The entrapment of biological entities into a support material is of great benefit for processing since the encapsulation matrix protects sensitive cells from shear forces, unfavourable pH changes, or cytotoxic solvents, avoids culture-washout, and simplifies the separation of formed products. After reflecting general aspects of such an immobilization as well as the chemistry of the inorganic matrices, we focused on manufacturing aspects and the application of such biohybrids in biotechnology, medicine as well as in environmental science and for civil engineering purpose. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The encapsulation of living cells and microorganisms became an intensively studied and rapidly expanding research field with manifold applications in medicine, bio- and environmental technology, or civil engineering. Here, the use of silica or cements as encapsulation matrices have the advantage of a higher chemical and mechanical resistance towards harsh environmental conditions during processing compared to their polymeric counterparts. In this perspective, the article gives an overview about the inorganic material systems used for cell encapsulation, followed by reviewing the most important applications. The future may lay in a combination of the currently achieved biohybrid systems with additive manufacturing techniques. In a longer perspective, this would enable the direct printing of cell loaded bioreactor components.
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Datta P, Barui A, Wu Y, Ozbolat V, Moncal KK, Ozbolat IT. Essential steps in bioprinting: From pre- to post-bioprinting. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1481-1504. [PMID: 29909085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing demand for directed assembly of biomaterials has inspired the development of bioprinting, which facilitates the assembling of both cellular and acellular inks into well-arranged three-dimensional (3D) structures for tissue fabrication. Although great advances have been achieved in the recent decade, there still exist issues to be addressed. Herein, a review has been systematically performed to discuss the considerations in the entire procedure of bioprinting. Though bioprinting is advancing at a rapid pace, it is seen that the whole process of obtaining tissue constructs from this technique involves multiple-stages, cutting across various technology domains. These stages can be divided into three broad categories: pre-bioprinting, bioprinting and post-bioprinting. Each stage can influence others and has a bearing on the performance of fabricated constructs. For example, in pre-bioprinting, tissue biopsy and cell expansion techniques are essential to ensure a large number of cells are available for mass organ production. Similarly, medical imaging is needed to provide high resolution designs, which can be faithfully bioprinted. In the bioprinting stage, compatibility of biomaterials is needed to be matched with solidification kinetics to ensure constructs with high cell viability and fidelity are obtained. On the other hand, there is a need to develop bioprinters, which have high degrees of freedom of movement, perform without failure concerns for several hours and are compact, and affordable. Finally, maturation of bioprinted cells are governed by conditions provided during the post-bioprinting process. This review, for the first time, puts all the bioprinting stages in perspective of the whole process of bioprinting, and analyzes their current state-of-the art. It is concluded that bioprinting community will recognize the relative importance and optimize the parameter of each stage to obtain the desired outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Yang Wu
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Veli Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01950, Turkey
| | - Kazim K Moncal
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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35
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Choudhury D, Anand S, Naing MW. The arrival of commercial bioprinters - Towards 3D bioprinting revolution! Int J Bioprint 2018; 4:139. [PMID: 33102917 PMCID: PMC7582003 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dawn of commercial bioprinting is rapidly advancing the tissue engineering field. In the past few years, new bioprinting approaches as well as novel bioinks formulations have emerged, enabling biological research groups to demonstrate the use of such technology to fabricate functional and relevant tissue models. In recent years, several companies have launched bioprinters pushing for early adoption and democratisation of bioprinting. This article reviews the progress in commercial bioprinting since the inception, with a particular focus on the comparison of different available printing technologies and important features of the individual technologies as well as various existing applications. Various challenges and potential design considerations for next generations of bioprinters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Choudhury
- Bio-Manufacturing Programme, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Shivesh Anand
- Bio-Manufacturing Programme, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Bio-Manufacturing Programme, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
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36
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Sakai S, Kamei H, Mori T, Hotta T, Ohi H, Nakahata M, Taya M. Visible Light-Induced Hydrogelation of an Alginate Derivative and Application to Stereolithographic Bioprinting Using a Visible Light Projector and Acid Red. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:672-679. [PMID: 29393630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-induced hydrogelation is attractive for various biomedical applications. In this study, hydrogels of alginate with phenolic hydroxyl groups (Alg-Ph) were obtained by irradiating a solution containing the polymer, ruthenium II trisbipyridyl chloride ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) and sodium persulfate (SPS), with visible light. The hydrogelation kinetics and the mechanical properties of the resultant hydrogels were tunable by controlling the intensity of the light and the concentrations of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and SPS. With appropriate concentrations of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and SPS, the hydrogel could be obtained following approximately 10 s of irradiation using a normal desktop lamp. The hydrogelation process and the resultant hydrogel were cytocompatible; mouse fibroblast cells enclosed in the Alg-Ph hydrogel maintained more than 90% viability for 1 week. The solution containing Alg-Ph, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and SPS was useful as a bioink for stereolithographic bioprinting. Cell-laden hydrogel constructs could be printed using the bioprinting system equipped with a visible light projector without a significant decrease in cell viability in the presence of photoabsorbent Acid Red 18. The hydrogel construct including a perfusable helical lumen of 1 mm in diameter could be fabricated using the printing system. These results demonstrate the significant potential of this visible light-induced hydrogelation system and the stereolithographic bioprinting using the hydrogelation system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toko Mori
- Shitennoji Senior High School , 1-11-73 Shitennoji, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0051, Japan.,JST Global Science Campus , 4-1-8 Honmachi, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0013, Japan
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Krujatz F, Lode A, Seidel J, Bley T, Gelinsky M, Steingroewer J. Additive Biotech-Chances, challenges, and recent applications of additive manufacturing technologies in biotechnology. N Biotechnol 2017; 39:222-231. [PMID: 28890405 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and complexity of biotechnological applications are constantly increasing, with ever expanding ranges of production hosts, cultivation conditions and measurement tasks. Consequently, many analytical and cultivation systems for biotechnology and bioprocess engineering, such as microfluidic devices or bioreactors, are tailor-made to precisely satisfy the requirements of specific measurements or cultivation tasks. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies offer the possibility of fabricating tailor-made 3D laboratory equipment directly from CAD designs with previously inaccessible levels of freedom in terms of structural complexity. This review discusses the historical background of these technologies, their most promising current implementations and the associated workflows, fabrication processes and material specifications, together with some of the major challenges associated with using AM in biotechnology/bioprocess engineering. To illustrate the great potential of AM, selected examples in microfluidic devices, 3D-bioprinting/biofabrication and bioprocess engineering are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krujatz
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Seidel
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Steingroewer
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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