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Memarian P, Bagher Z, Asghari S, Aleemardani M, Seifalian A. Emergence of graphene as a novel nanomaterial for cardiovascular applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12793-12819. [PMID: 38919053 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CDs) are the foremost cause of death worldwide. Several promising therapeutic methods have been developed for this approach, including pharmacological, surgical intervention, cell therapy, or biomaterial implantation since heart tissue is incapable of regenerating and healing on its own. The best treatment for heart failure to date is heart transplantation and invasive surgical intervention, despite their invasiveness, donor limitations, and the possibility of being rejected by the patient's immune system. To address these challenges, research is being conducted on less invasive and efficient methods. Consequently, graphene-based materials (GBMs) have attracted a great deal of interest in the last decade because of their exceptional mechanical, electrical, chemical, antibacterial, and biocompatibility properties. An overview of GBMs' applications in the cardiovascular system has been presented in this article. Following a brief explanation of graphene and its derivatives' properties, the potential of GBMs to improve and restore cardiovascular system function by using them as cardiac tissue engineering, stents, vascular bypass grafts,and heart valve has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Memarian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Asghari
- Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Aleemardani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK.
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2
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Meira RM, Ribeiro S, Irastorza I, Silván U, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. Electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/graphene composites for cardiac tissue engineering applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:73-81. [PMID: 38394819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Electroactive materials are increasingly being used in strategies to regenerate cardiac tissue. These materials, particularly those with electrical conductivity, are used to actively recreate the electromechanical nature of the cardiac tissue. In the present work, we describe a novel combination of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), a highly electroactive polymer, with graphene (G), exhibiting high electrical conductivity. G/P(VDF-TrFE) films have been characterized in terms of topographical, physico-chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, and studied the response of cardiomyocytes adhering to them. The results indicate that the crystallinity and the wettability of the composites remain almost unaffected after G incorporation. In turn, surface roughness, Young modulus, and electric properties are higher in G/P(VDF-TrFE). Finally, the composites are highly biocompatible and able to support cardiomyocyte adhesion and proliferation, particularly surface treated ones, demonstrating the suitability of these materials for cardiac tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Meira
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - S Ribeiro
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - I Irastorza
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Cell Biology and Histology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - U Silván
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - S Lanceros-Mendez
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - C Ribeiro
- CF-UM-UP - Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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3
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Hernández-Sánchez F, Rodríguez-Fuentes N, Sánchez-Pech JC, Ávila-Ortega A, Carrillo-Escalante HJ, Talavera-Pech WA, Martín-Pat GE. Comparative study of iodine-doped and undoped pyrrole grafting with plasma on poly (glycerol sebacate) scaffolds and its human dental pulp stem cells compatibility. J Biomater Appl 2024:8853282241258304. [PMID: 38820599 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241258304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the morphological and chemical characterization of PGS scaffolds after (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 min) residence in undoped pyrrole plasma (PGS-PPy) and the evaluation of cell viability with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results were compared with a previous study that used iodine-doped pyrrole (PGS-PPy/I). Analyses through SEM and AFM revealed alterations in the topography and quantity of deposited PPy particles. FTIR spectra of PGS-PPy scaffolds confirmed the presence of characteristic absorption peaks of PPy, with higher intensities observed in the nitrile and -C≡C- groups compared to PGS-PPy/I scaffolds, while raman spectra indicated a lower presence of polaron N+ groups. On the other hand, PGS scaffolds modified with PPy exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to PGS-PPy/I scaffolds, as evidenced by the Live/Dead assay. Furthermore, the PGS-PPy scaffolds at 6 and 12 min, and particularly the PGS-PPy/I scaffold at 6 min, showed the best results in terms of cell viability by the fifth day of culture. The findings of this study suggest that undoped pyrrole plasma modification for short durations could also be a viable option to enhance the interaction with hDPSCs, especially when the treatment times range between 6 min and 12 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayeli Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologías, Cd. de México, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Gaspar Eduardo Martín-Pat
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologías, Cd. de México, México
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4
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Jia B, Huang H, Dong Z, Ren X, Lu Y, Wang W, Zhou S, Zhao X, Guo B. Degradable biomedical elastomers: paving the future of tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4086-4153. [PMID: 38465517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00923h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Degradable biomedical elastomers (DBE), characterized by controlled biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, tailored elasticity, and favorable network design and processability, have become indispensable in tissue repair. This review critically examines the recent advances of biodegradable elastomers for tissue repair, focusing mainly on degradation mechanisms and evaluation, synthesis and crosslinking methods, microstructure design, processing techniques, and tissue repair applications. The review explores the material composition and cross-linking methods of elastomers used in tissue repair, addressing chemistry-related challenges and structural design considerations. In addition, this review focuses on the processing methods of two- and three-dimensional structures of elastomers, and systematically discusses the contribution of processing methods such as solvent casting, electrostatic spinning, and three-/four-dimensional printing of DBE. Furthermore, we describe recent advances in tissue repair using DBE, and include advances achieved in regenerating different tissues, including nerves, tendons, muscle, cardiac, and bone, highlighting their efficacy and versatility. The review concludes by discussing the current challenges in material selection, biodegradation, bioactivation, and manufacturing in tissue repair, and suggests future research directions. This concise yet comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights and technical guidance for advances in DBE for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jia
- School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Heyuan Huang
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Zhicheng Dong
- School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ren
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Yanyan Lu
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Shaowen Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Baolin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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5
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Wu Z, Li Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu W, Zhao S, Geng X, Fan Y. A novel biomimetic nanofibrous cardiac tissue engineering scaffold with adjustable mechanical and electrical properties based on poly(glycerol sebacate) and polyaniline. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100798. [PMID: 37753375 PMCID: PMC10518490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial tissue engineering scaffolds play a critical role in providing mechanical support, promoting cells growth and proliferation. However, due to the insulation and inappropriate stiffness of most biomaterials, there is an unmet need to engineer a biomimetic nanofibrous cardiac tissue engineering scaffold with tailorable mechanical and electrical properties. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility to generate a novel type of biocompatible fibrous scaffolds by blending elastic poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and conductive polyaniline (PANI) with the help of a nontoxic carrier polymer, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Aligned and random PGS/PANI scaffolds are successfully obtained after electrospinning, cross-linking, water and ethanol wash. Incorporating of different concentrations of PANI into PGS fibers, the fibrous sheets show enhanced conductivity and slower degradation rates while maintaining the favorable hemocompatibility. The elastic modulus of the PGS/PANI scaffolds is in the range of 0.65-2.18 MPa under wet conditions, which is similar to that of natural myocardium. All of these fibrous mats show good cell viability and were able to promote adhesion and proliferation of H9c2 cells. Furthermore, the in vivo host responses of both random and aligned scaffolds confirm their good biocompatibility. Therefore, these PGS/PANI scaffolds have great potential for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Shudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuezheng Geng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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6
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Günal G, Gokcen D, Aydin HM. Extracellular Matrix-Based Conductive Composites for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4100-4104. [PMID: 37782232 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial tissue engineering strategies such as fabrication of cardiac patches for tissue regeneration offer various solutions for the loss of function developed due to myocardial infarction. Here, we combined the hybrid structure (previously obtained and combined decellularized myocardium grafts with poly(glycerol-sebacate) polymer) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to provide the essential characteristics for cardiac tissue regeneration. MWCNTs were doped in the cross-linked structure, and the conductivity and Young's modulus of the composite elastomer were found as 5 × 10-3 ± 1 × 10-3 S/m and 374 ± 75.8 kPa, respectively. The cell-material interaction was evaluated, and composite structures supported cell adhesion and showed no cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülçin Günal
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Akdeniz University, Konyaaltı, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dincer Gokcen
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Centre for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Ou L, Tan X, Qiao S, Wu J, Su Y, Xie W, Jin N, He J, Luo R, Lai X, Liu W, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Liu J, Kang Y, Shao L. Graphene-Based Material-Mediated Immunomodulation in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration: Mechanism and Significance. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18669-18687. [PMID: 37768738 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine hold promise for improving or even restoring the function of damaged organs. Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have become a key player in biomaterials applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A series of cellular and molecular events, which affect the outcome of tissue regeneration, occur after GBMs are implanted into the body. The immunomodulatory function of GBMs is considered to be a key factor influencing tissue regeneration. This review introduces the applications of GBMs in bone, neural, skin, and cardiovascular tissue engineering, emphasizing that the immunomodulatory functions of GBMs significantly improve tissue regeneration. This review focuses on summarizing and discussing the mechanisms by which GBMs mediate the sequential regulation of the innate immune cell inflammatory response. During the process of tissue healing, multiple immune responses, such as the inflammatory response, foreign body reaction, tissue fibrosis, and biodegradation of GBMs, are interrelated and influential. We discuss the regulation of these immune responses by GBMs, as well as the immune cells and related immunomodulatory mechanisms involved. Finally, we summarize the limitations in the immunomodulatory strategies of GBMs and ideas for optimizing GBM applications in tissue engineering. This review demonstrates the significance and related mechanism of the immunomodulatory function of GBM application in tissue engineering; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of GBMs to enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xiner Tan
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shijia Qiao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528399, China
| | - Wenqiang Xie
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Nianqiang Jin
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiankang He
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ruhui Luo
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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8
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Wu Z, Wang L, Fan Y. Effect of static tensile stress on enzymatic degradation of poly(glycerol sebacate). J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1513-1524. [PMID: 37070726 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is an excellent scaffold material in tissue engineering due to good biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. The degradation properties of PGS have been primarily explored in static phosphate buffer solution or enzyme solution. It is vital to understand how the tensile stress affect the degradation rate. In this study, PGS was synthetized by melt polycondensation and its properties were characterized. Then an in vitro degradation device which could provide different constant tensile stresses was carefully designed and established, and the enzymatic degradation of PGS was tested under 0-150 kPa at 37°C. It was found that holes of PGS surface arranged almost parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of tensile stresses at 100 kPa and 150 kPa after 2-4 days degradation. After 8 days degradation, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of PGS at 150 kPa was 0.28 MPa and the elastic modulus was 1.11 MPa, while the UTS of PGS was 0.44 MPa and the elastic modulus was 1.63 MPa before degradation, both of them have significant differences. Hence, the tensile stress and degradation time were proportional to the appear time and size of holes, leading to the decrease of mass loss, UTS and elastic modulus. The relationship between stress and PGS degradation rates was quantitatively described through our degradation experiments, providing guidance for suitable PGS applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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9
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Amiryaghoubi N, Fathi M. Bioscaffolds of graphene based-polymeric hybrid materials for myocardial tissue engineering. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:27684. [PMID: 38327630 PMCID: PMC10844587 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Biomaterials currently utilized for the regeneration of myocardial tissue seem to associate with certain restrictions, including deficiency of electrical conductivity and sufficient mechanical strength. These two factors play an important role in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration. The contractile property of cardiomyocytes depends on directed signal transmission over the electroconductive systems that happen inside the innate myocardium. Because of their distinctive electrical behavior, electroactive materials such as graphene might be used for the regeneration of cardiac tissue. Methods In this review, we aim to provide deep insight into the applications of graphene and graphene derivative-based hybrid polymeric scaffolds in cardiomyogenic differentiation and cardiac tissue regeneration. Results Synthetic biodegradable polymers are considered as a platform because their degradation can be controlled over time and easily functionalized. Therefore, graphene-polymeric hybrid scaffolds with anisotropic electrical behavior can be utilized to produce organizational and efficient constructs for macroscopic cardiac tissue engineering. In cardiac tissue regeneration, natural polymer based-scaffolds such as chitosan, gelatin, and cellulose can provide a permissive setting significantly supporting the differentiation and growth of the human induced pluripotent stem cells -derived cardiomyocytes, in large part due to their negligible immunogenicity and suitable biodegradability. Conclusion Cardiac tissue regeneration characteristically utilizes an extracellular matrix (scaffold), cells, and growth factors that enhance cell adhesion, growth, and cardiogenic differentiation. From the various evaluated electroactive polymeric scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration in the past decade, graphene and its derivatives-based materials can be utilized efficiently for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Amiryaghoubi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Edrisi F, Baheiraei N, Razavi M, Roshanbinfar K, Imani R, Jalilinejad N. Potential of graphene-based nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7280-7299. [PMID: 37427687 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in pharmacological treatments and surgical interventions to restore heart function after myocardial infarction, it can progress to heart failure due to the restricted inherent potential of adult cardiomyocytes to self-regenerate. Hence, the evolution of new therapeutic methods is critical. Nowadays, novel approaches in tissue engineering have assisted in restoring biological and physical specifications of the injured myocardium and, hence, cardiac function. The incorporation of a supporting matrix that could mechanically and electronically support the heart tissue and stimulate the cells to proliferate and regenerate will be advantageous. Electroconductive nanomaterials can facilitate intracellular communication and aid synchronous contraction via electroactive substrate creation, preventing the issue of arrhythmia in the heart. Among a wide range of electroconductive materials, graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are promising for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) due to their outstanding features including high mechanical strength, angiogenesis, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, low cost, and scalable fabrication. In the present review, we discuss the effect of applying GBNs on angiogenesis, proliferation, and differentiation of implanted stem cells, their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and their role in improving the electrical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds for CTE. Also, we summarize the recent research that has applied GBNs in CTE. Finally, we present a concise discussion on the challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Edrisi
- Modern Technologies in Engineering Group, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Negin Jalilinejad
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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11
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House A, Cornick J, Butt Q, Guvendiren M. Elastomeric platform with surface wrinkling patterns to control cardiac cell alignment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1228-1242. [PMID: 36762538 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in creating 2D cardiac tissue models that display native extracellular matrix (ECM) cues of the heart tissue. Cellular alignment alone is known to be a crucial cue for cardiac tissue development by regulating cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. In this study, we report a simple and robust approach to create lamellar surface wrinkling patterns enabling spatial control of pattern dimensions with a wide range of pattern amplitude (A ≈ 2-55 μm) and wavelength (λ ≈ 35-100 μm). For human cardiomyocytes (hCMs) and human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs), our results indicate that the degree of cellular alignment and pattern recognition are correlated with pattern A and λ. We also demonstrate fabrication of devices composed of micro-well arrays with user-defined lamellar patterns on the bottom surface of each well for high-throughput screening studies. Results from a screening study indicate that cellular alignment is strongly diminished with increasing seeding density. In another study, we show our ability to vary hCM/hCF seeding ratio for each well to create co-culture systems where seeding ratio is independent of cellular alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew House
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jason Cornick
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Quratulain Butt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Saghebasl S, Nobakht A, Saghebasl H, Hayati S, Naturi O, Rahbarghazi R. Sandwich-like electro-conductive polyurethane-based gelatin/soybean oil nanofibrous scaffolds with a targeted release of simvastatin for cardiac tissue engineering. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:42. [PMID: 37415188 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) is a promising way for the restoration of injured cardiac tissue in the healthcare system. The development of biodegradable scaffolds with appropriate chemical, electrical, mechanical, and biological properties is an unmet need for the success of CTE. Electrospinning is a versatile technique that has shown potential applications in CTE. Herein, four different types of multifunctional scaffolds, including synthetic-based poly (glycerol sebacate)-polyurethane (PGU), PGU-Soy scaffold, and a series of trilayer scaffolds containing two outer layers of PGU-Soy and a middle (inner) layer of gelatin (G) as a natural and biodegradable macromolecule without simvastatin (S) and with simvastatin (GS), an anti-inflammatory agent, were fabricated in the sandwich-like structure using electrospinning technique. This approach offers a combination of the advantages of both synthetic and natural polymers to enhance the bioactivity and the cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix intercommunication. An in vitro drug release analysis was performed after the incorporation of soybean oil (Soy) and G. Soy is used as a semiconducting material was introduced to improve the electrical conductivity of nanofibrous scaffolds. The physicochemical properties, contact angle, and biodegradability of the electrospun scaffolds were also assessed. Moreover, the blood compatibility of nanofibrous scaffolds was studied through activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and hemolytic assay. The results showed that all scaffolds exhibited defect-free morphologies with mean fiber diameters in the range of 361 ± 109 to 417 ± 167 nm. A delay in blood clotting was observed, demonstrating the anticoagulant nature of nanofibrous scaffolds. Furthermore, rat cardiomyoblast cell lines (H9C2) were cultured on scaffolds for 7 days, and the morphology and cell arrangement were monitored. Data indicated an appropriate cytocompatibility. Of note, in the PGU-Soy/GS nanofibrous scaffold, a high survival rate was indicated compared to other groups. Our findings exhibited that the simvastatin-loaded polymeric system had positive effects on cardiomyoblasts attachment and growth and could be utilized as a drug release carrier in the field of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Saghebasl
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Nobakht
- Research Center of Biosciences & Biotechnology (RCBB), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hesam Saghebasl
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Hayati
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ozra Naturi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Gu Z, Fan S, Kundu SC, Yao X, Zhang Y. Fiber diameters and parallel patterns: proliferation and osteogenesis of stem cells. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad001. [PMID: 36726609 PMCID: PMC9887345 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the innate extracellular matrix mimicking features, fibrous materials exhibited great application potential in biomedicine. In developing excellent fibrous biomaterial, it is essential to reveal the corresponding inherent fiber features' effects on cell behaviors. Due to the inevitable 'interference' cell adhesions to the background or between adjacent fibers, it is difficult to precisely reveal the inherent fiber diameter effect on cell behaviors by using a traditional fiber mat. A single-layer and parallel-arranged polycaprolactone fiber pattern platform with an excellent non-fouling background is designed and constructed herein. In this unique material platform, the 'interference' cell adhesions through interspace between fibers to the environment could be effectively ruled out by the non-fouling background. The 'interference' cell adhesions between adjacent fibers could also be excluded from the sparsely arranged (SA) fiber patterns. The influence of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors is precisely and comprehensively investigated based on eliminating the undesired 'interference' cell adhesions in a controllable way. On the SA fiber patterns, small diameter fiber (SA-D1, D1 means 1 μm in diameter) may seriously restrict cell proliferation and osteogenesis when compared to the middle (SA-D8) and large (SA-D56) ones and SA-D8 shows the optimal osteogenesis enhancement effect. At the same time, the cells present similar proliferation ability and even the highest osteogenic ability on the densely arranged (DA) fiber patterns with small diameter fiber (DA-D1) when compared to the middle (DA-D8) and large (DA-D56) ones. The 'interference' cell adhesion between adjacent fibers under dense fiber arrangement may be the main reason for inducing these different cell behavior trends along with fiber diameters. Related results and comparisons have illustrated the effects of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors more precisely and objectively, thus providing valuable reference and guidance for developing effective fibrous biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Xiang Yao
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (X.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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Mu L, Dong R, Guo B. Biomaterials-Based Cell Therapy for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202699. [PMID: 36572412 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the leading cause of death worldwide during the past several decades. Cell loss is the main problem that results in cardiac dysfunction and further mortality. Cell therapy aiming to replenish the lost cells is proposed to treat CVDs especially ischemic heart diseases which lead to a big portion of cell loss. Due to the direct injection's low cell retention and survival ratio, cell therapy using biomaterials as cell carriers has attracted more and more attention because of their promotion of cell delivery and maintenance at the aiming sites. In this review, the three main factors involved in cell therapy for myocardial tissue regeneration: cell sources (somatic cells, stem cells, and engineered cells), chemical components of cell carriers (natural materials, synthetic materials, and electroactive materials), and categories of cell delivery materials (patches, microspheres, injectable hydrogels, nanofiber and microneedles, etc.) are systematically summarized. An introduction of the methods including magnetic resonance/radionuclide/photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging for tracking the behavior of transplanted cells in vivo is also included. Current challenges of biomaterials-based cell therapy and their future directions are provided to give both beginners and professionals a clear view of the development and future trends in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ruonan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Wang Y, Li G, Yang L, Luo R, Guo G. Development of Innovative Biomaterials and Devices for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201971. [PMID: 35654586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death worldwide. The increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases has become a major public health problem and how to carry out efficient and reliable treatment of cardiovascular diseases has become an urgent global problem to be solved. Recently, implantable biomaterials and devices, especially minimally invasive interventional ones, such as vascular stents, artificial heart valves, bioprosthetic cardiac occluders, artificial graft cardiac patches, atrial shunts, and injectable hydrogels against heart failure, have become the most effective means in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, an overview of the challenges and research frontier of innovative biomaterials and devices for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is provided, and their future development directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Rifang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Gaoyang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Zhang Z, Zhao X, Wang C, Huang Y, Han Y, Guo B. Injectable conductive micro-cryogel as a muscle stem cell carrier improves myogenic proliferation, differentiation and in situ skeletal muscle regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:197-209. [PMID: 36002125 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) results in the impediment of skeletal muscle function, and there were still great challenges in cell delivery approach with the minimally invasive operation to repair muscle defects. To deliver cells to the VML defects site efficiently, the injectable conductive porous nanocomposite microcryogels based on gelatin (GT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were designed and prepared. The microcryogels were loaded with myoblasts to form an injectable cell delivery system and show the ability to protect cells during injection. Conductive microcryogel with 4 mg/mL rGO (GT/rGO4) enhanced C2C12 cell proliferation and myogenic differentiation during 3D culture compared with pure gelatin microcryogel. In a mice VML model, injection of microcryogel loaded with muscle-derived stem cells into the injury site significantly improved the generation of new muscle fibers and blood vessels, and anti-inflammatory properties. The results show that injectable biodegradable conductive microcryogel can be used as myoblast cell carriers with the potential to maintain cell activity and deliver cells to defective sites, thereby in situ enhancing skeletal muscle regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Volumetric muscle loss overwhelms the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, which results in severe damage to muscle tissues. In the treatment of volumetric muscle loss, conductive niche and muscle stem cells are needed to alleviate excessive scar formation and inflammation to improve muscle regeneration. Injectable gelatin/reduced graphene oxide based nanocomposite microcryogel can enhance the differentiation of seeded muscle stem cells. The improved repair of volumetric muscle loss was achieved via reducing collagen deposition and inflammation in the injected region through the microcryogel cell-delivery therapy, suggesting great potential of the injectable microcryogel as a cell carrier in soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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