1
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Barros BJ, Cunha JPS. Neurophotonics: a comprehensive review, current challenges and future trends. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1382341. [PMID: 38765670 PMCID: PMC11102054 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1382341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain, with its vast network of billions of neurons and trillions of synapses (connections) between diverse cell types, remains one of the greatest mysteries in science and medicine. Despite extensive research, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive normal behaviors and response to disease states is still limited. Advancement in the Neuroscience field and development of therapeutics for related pathologies requires innovative technologies that can provide a dynamic and systematic understanding of the interactions between neurons and neural circuits. In this work, we provide an up-to-date overview of the evolution of neurophotonic approaches in the last 10 years through a multi-source, literature analysis. From an initial corpus of 243 papers retrieved from Scopus, PubMed and WoS databases, we have followed the PRISMA approach to select 56 papers in the area. Following a full-text evaluation of these 56 scientific articles, six main areas of applied research were identified and discussed: (1) Advanced optogenetics, (2) Multimodal neural interfaces, (3) Innovative therapeutics, (4) Imaging devices and probes, (5) Remote operations, and (6) Microfluidic platforms. For each area, the main technologies selected are discussed according to the photonic principles applied, the neuroscience application evaluated and the more indicative results of efficiency and scientific potential. This detailed analysis is followed by an outlook of the main challenges tackled over the last 10 years in the Neurophotonics field, as well as the main technological advances regarding specificity, light delivery, multimodality, imaging, materials and system designs. We conclude with a discussion of considerable challenges for future innovation and translation in Neurophotonics, from light delivery within the brain to physical constraints and data management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Jacinto Barros
- INESC TEC – Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
| | - João P. S. Cunha
- INESC TEC – Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Romero G, Park J, Koehler F, Pralle A, Anikeeva P. Modulating cell signalling in vivo with magnetic nanotransducers. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:92. [PMID: 38111858 PMCID: PMC10727510 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic fields offer nearly lossless transmission of signals within biological tissue. Magnetic nanomaterials are capable of transducing magnetic fields into a range of biologically relevant signals in vitro and in vivo. These nanotransducers have recently enabled magnetic control of cellular processes, from neuronal firing and gene expression to programmed apoptosis. Effective implementation of magnetically controlled cellular signalling relies on careful tailoring of magnetic nanotransducers and magnetic fields to the responses of the intended molecular targets. This primer discusses the versatility of magnetic modulation modalities and offers practical guidelines for selection of appropriate materials and field parameters, with a particular focus on applications in neuroscience. With recent developments in magnetic instrumentation and nanoparticle chemistries, including those that are commercially available, magnetic approaches promise to empower research aimed at connecting molecular and cellular signalling to physiology and behaviour in untethered moving subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arnd Pralle
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Optical Modalities for Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Stroke and the Consequent Brain Injuries. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and third most common cause of disability worldwide. Therefore, it is an important disease from a medical standpoint. For this reason, various studies have developed diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for stroke. Among them, developments and applications of optical modalities are being extensively studied. In this article, we explored three important optical modalities for research, diagnostic, and therapeutics for stroke and the brain injuries related to it: (1) photochemical thrombosis to investigate stroke animal models; (2) optical imaging techniques for in vivo preclinical studies on stroke; and (3) optical neurostimulation based therapy for stroke. We believe that an exploration and an analysis of previous studies will help us proceed from research to clinical applications of optical modalities for research, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke.
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Mach-Batlle R, Pisanello M, Pisano F, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F, Ciracì C. Numerical Calculation of the Light Propagation in Tapered Optical Fibers for Optical Neural Interfaces. JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY : A JOINT IEEE/OSA PUBLICATION 2022; 40:196-205. [PMID: 35221462 PMCID: PMC8880829 DOI: 10.1109/jlt.2021.3118898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As implantable optical systems recently enabled new approaches to study the brain with optical radiations, tapered optical fibers emerged as promising implantable waveguides to deliver and collect light from sub-cortical structures of the mouse brain. They rely on a specific feature of multimodal fiber optics: as the waveguide narrows, the number of guided modes decreases and the radiation can gradually couple with the environment. This happens along a taper segment whose length can be tailored to match with the depth of functional structures of the mouse brain, and can extend for a few millimeters. This anatomical requirement results in optical systems which have an active area that is very long compared to the wavelength of the light they guide and their behavior is typically estimated by ray tracing simulations, because finite element methods are too computationally demanding. Here we present a computational technique that exploits the beam-envelope method and the cylindrical symmetry of the fibers to provide an efficient and exact calculation of the electric field along the fibers, which may enable the design of neural interfaces optimized to meet different goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mach-Batlle
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Marco Pisanello
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy, and also with the Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Cristian Ciracì
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
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5
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Montinaro C, Pisanello M, Bianco M, Spagnolo B, Pisano F, Balena A, De Nuccio F, Lofrumento DD, Verri T, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. Influence of the anatomical features of different brain regions on the spatial localization of fiber photometry signals. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6081-6094. [PMID: 34745723 PMCID: PMC8547979 DOI: 10.1364/boe.439848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fiber photometry is widely used in neuroscience labs for in vivo detection of functional fluorescence from optical indicators of neuronal activity with a simple optical fiber. The fiber is commonly placed next to the region of interest to both excite and collect the fluorescence signal. However, the path of both excitation and fluorescence photons is altered by the uneven optical properties of the brain, due to local variation of the refractive index, different cellular types, densities and shapes. Nonetheless, the effect of the local anatomy on the actual shape and extent of the volume of tissue that interfaces with the fiber has received little attention so far. To fill this gap, we measured the size and shape of fiber photometry efficiency field in the primary motor and somatosensory cortex, in the hippocampus and in the striatum of the mouse brain, highlighting how their substructures determine the detected signal and the depth at which photons can be mined. Importantly, we show that the information on the spatial expression of the fluorescent probes alone is not sufficient to account for the contribution of local subregions to the overall collected signal, and it must be combined with the optical properties of the tissue adjacent to the fiber tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Montinaro
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Marco Bianco
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Barbara Spagnolo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Antonio Balena
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Francesco De Nuccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Equally contributing authors
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6
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Zhu J, Liu J, Zhu L, Wang C, Fan F, Yang Q, Zhang F. Optical coherence tomography angiography for mapping cerebral microvasculature based on normalized differentiation analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000245. [PMID: 32639617 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a label-free, noninvasive biomedical imaging modality for mapping microvascular networks and quantifying blood flow velocities in vivo. Simple computation and fast processing are critical for the OCTA in some applications. Herein, we report on a normalized differentiation method for mapping cerebral microvasculature with the advantages of simple analysis and high image quality, benefitting from computation of differentiation and characteristics of normalization. Normalized differentiation values are validated to have a nearly linear relationship with flow velocities in a range using a flow phantom. The measurements in a rat cerebral cortex show that the OCTA based on the normalized differentiation analysis can generate microvascular images with high quality and monitor spatiotemporal dynamics of blood flow with simple computation and fast processing before and after localized ischemia induced by arterial occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianting Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
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7
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Morales C, Morici JF, Miranda M, Gallo FT, Bekinschtein P, Weisstaub NV. Neurophotonics Approaches for the Study of Pattern Separation. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 32587504 PMCID: PMC7298152 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful memory involves not only remembering over time but also keeping memories distinct. Computational models suggest that pattern separation appears as a highly efficient process to discriminate between overlapping memories. Furthermore, lesion studies have shown that the dentate gyrus (DG) participates in pattern separation. However, these manipulations did not allow identifying the neuronal mechanism underlying pattern separation. The development of different neurophotonics techniques, together with other genetic tools, has been useful for the study of the microcircuit involved in this process. It has been shown that less-overlapped information would generate distinct neuronal representations within the granule cells (GCs). However, because glutamatergic or GABAergic cells in the DG are not functionally or structurally homogeneous, identifying the specific role of the different subpopulations remains elusive. Then, understanding pattern separation requires the ability to manipulate a temporal and spatially specific subset of cells in the DG and ideally to analyze DG cells activity in individuals performing a pattern separation dependent behavioral task. Thus, neurophotonics and calcium imaging techniques in conjunction with activity-dependent promoters and high-resolution microscopy appear as important tools for this endeavor. In this work, we review how different neurophotonics techniques have been implemented in the elucidation of a neuronal network that supports pattern separation alone or in combination with traditional techniques. We discuss the limitation of these techniques and how other neurophotonic techniques could be used to complement the advances presented up to this date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Morales
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Facundo Morici
- Instituto de Neurociencias Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Miranda
- Instituto de Neurociencias Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Tomás Gallo
- Instituto de Neurociencias Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Instituto de Neurociencias Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia V. Weisstaub
- Instituto de Neurociencias Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCYT), Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Pisano F, Pisanello M, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. Single-cell micro- and nano-photonic technologies. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 325:108355. [PMID: 31319100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of optogenetics, the technology development has focused on new methods to optically interact with single nerve cells. This gave rise to the field of photonic neural interfaces, intended as the set of technologies that can modify light radiation in either a linear or non-linear fashion to control and/or monitor cellular functions. This set includes the use of plasmonic effects, up-conversion, electron transfer and integrated light steering, with some of them already implemented in vivo. This article will review available approaches in this framework, with a particular emphasis on methods operating at the single-unit level or having the potential to reach single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Marco Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy; Dipartimento di Ingeneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy.
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Zhu J, He X, Chen Z. Acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography for elasticity assessment of soft tissues. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS 2019; 54:457-481. [PMID: 31749516 PMCID: PMC6867804 DOI: 10.1080/05704928.2018.1467436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of soft tissues are important indicators of tissue functions which can be used for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Elastography, incorporating the principles of elasticity measurements into imaging modalities, provides quantitative assessment of elastic properties of biological tissues. Benefiting from high-resolution, noninvasive and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging optical imaging modality to characterize and map biomechanical properties of soft tissues. Recently, acoustic radiation force (ARF) OCE has been developed for elasticity measurements of ocular tissues, detection of vascular lesions and monitoring of blood coagulation based on remote and noninvasive ARF excitation to both internal and superficial tissues. Here, we describe the advantages of the ARF-OCE technique, the measurement methods in ARF-OCE, the applications in biomedical detection, current challenges and advances. ARF-OCE technology has the potential to become a powerful tool for in vivo elasticity assessment of biological samples in a non-contact, non-invasive and high-resolution nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Xingdao He
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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10
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Sileo L, Bitzenhofer SH, Spagnolo B, Pöpplau JA, Holzhammer T, Pisanello M, Pisano F, Bellistri E, Maglie E, De Vittorio M, Ruther P, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Pisanello F. Tapered Fibers Combined With a Multi-Electrode Array for Optogenetics in Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:771. [PMID: 30416424 PMCID: PMC6212654 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics offers many advantages in terms of cell-type specificity, allowing to investigate functional connectivity between different brain areas at high spatial and neural population selectivity. In order to obtain simultaneous optical control and electrical readout of neural activity, devices called "optrodes" are employed. They are typically composed of a linear array of microelectrodes integrated on a slender probe shafts combined with flat-cleaved optical fibers (FF) placed above the recording sites. However, due to tissue absorption and scattering, light delivered by the FF unevenly illuminates the region of interest. This issue is of particular relevance when cellular populations are disposed along the dorso-ventral axis, such as in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) where cortical layers are aligned vertically. The study presented here aims at using tapered optical fibers (TFs) in combination with a 16-electrode neural probe to better access neural populations distributed along the dorso-ventral axis in the mPFC of newborn mice, restricting light delivery over a specific portion of the cortical layer of interest. Half of the TF surface is coated with a reflecting metal blocking the light to enable light delivery from one side of the probe's shaft only, with the probe base being designed to host the fiber without interfering with the wire-bonds that connect the recording sites to a printed circuit board. Monte-Carlo simulations have been implemented to define the relative TF-probe position and to identify the light intensity distribution above the recording sites. In vivo recordings indicate that simultaneous optical stimulation and electrical readout of neural activity in the mPFC benefit from the use of the engineered TF-based optrode in terms of a more uniform light distribution along the dorso-ventral axis and the possibility of restricting light delivery to a subset of electrical recording sites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sileo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Sebastian H. Bitzenhofer
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Spagnolo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Jastyn A. Pöpplau
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Holzhammer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- ATLAS Neuroengineering bvba, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Elisa Bellistri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maglie
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, UniversitaÌ del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, UniversitaÌ del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Patrick Ruther
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
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11
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Pisanello M, Pisano F, Sileo L, Maglie E, Bellistri E, Spagnolo B, Mandelbaum G, Sabatini BL, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. Tailoring light delivery for optogenetics by modal demultiplexing in tapered optical fibers. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29535413 PMCID: PMC5849750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic control of neural activity in deep brain regions ideally requires precise and flexible light delivery with non-invasive devices. To this end, Tapered Optical Fibers (TFs) represent a versatile tool that can deliver light over either large brain volumes or spatially confined sub-regions, while being sensibly smaller than flat-cleaved optical fibers. In this work, we report on the possibility of further extending light emission length along the taper in the range 0.4 mm-3.0 mm by increasing the numerical aperture of the TFs to NA = 0.66. We investigated the dependence between the input angle of light (θin) and the output position along the taper, finding that for θin > 10° this relationship is linear. This mode-division demultiplexing property of the taper was confirmed with a ray tracing model and characterized for 473 nm and 561 nm light in quasi-transparent solution and in brain slices, with the two wavelengths used to illuminate simultaneously two different regions of the brain using only one waveguide. The results presented in this manuscript can guide neuroscientists to design their optogenetic experiments on the base of this mode-division demultiplexing approach, providing a tool that potentially allow for dynamic targeting of regions with diverse extension, from the mouse VTA up to the macaque visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy
| | - Leonardo Sileo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy
| | - Emanuela Maglie
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Bellistri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy
| | - Barbara Spagnolo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy
| | - Gil Mandelbaum
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy.
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Zhu J, Zhang B, Qi L, Wang L, Yang Q, Zhu Z, Huo T, Chen Z. Quantitative angle-insensitive flow measurement using relative standard deviation OCT. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2017; 111:181101. [PMID: 29151604 PMCID: PMC5663647 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating different data processing methods, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the ability for high-resolution angiography and quantitative flow velocity measurements. However, OCT angiography cannot provide quantitative information of flow velocities, and the velocity measurement based on Doppler OCT requires the determination of Doppler angles, which is a challenge in a complex vascular network. In this study, we report on a relative standard deviation OCT (RSD-OCT) method which provides both vascular network mapping and quantitative information for flow velocities within a wide range of Doppler angles. The RSD values are angle-insensitive within a wide range of angles, and a nearly linear relationship was found between the RSD values and the flow velocities. The RSD-OCT measurement in a rat cortex shows that it can quantify the blood flow velocities as well as map the vascular network in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | - Li Qi
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | - Qiang Yang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | - Tiancheng Huo
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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13
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Zhu J, Miao Y, Qi L, Qu Y, He Y, Yang Q, Chen Z. Longitudinal shear wave imaging for elasticity mapping using optical coherence elastography. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2017; 110:201101. [PMID: 28611483 PMCID: PMC5432373 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave measurements for the determination of tissue elastic properties have been used in clinical diagnosis and soft tissue assessment. A shear wave propagates as a transverse wave where vibration is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. Previous transverse shear wave measurements could detect the shear modulus in the lateral region of the force; however, they could not provide the elastic information in the axial region of the force. In this study, we report the imaging and quantification of longitudinal shear wave propagation using optical coherence tomography to measure the elastic properties along the force direction. The experimental validation and finite element simulations show that the longitudinal shear wave propagates along the vibration direction as a plane wave in the near field of a planar source. The wave velocity measurement can quantify the shear moduli in a homogeneous phantom and a side-by-side phantom. Combining the transverse shear wave and longitudinal shear wave measurements, this system has great potential to detect the directionally dependent elastic properties in tissues without a change in the force direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | - Li Qi
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | | | - Qiang Yang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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