1
|
Kumar V, Chunchagatta Lakshman PK, Prasad TK, Manjunath K, Bairy S, Vasu AS, Ganavi B, Jasti S, Kamariah N. Target-based drug discovery: Applications of fluorescence techniques in high throughput and fragment-based screening. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23864. [PMID: 38226204 PMCID: PMC10788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Target-based discovery of first-in-class therapeutics demands an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases. Precise measurements of cellular and biochemical activities are critical to gain mechanistic knowledge of biomolecules and their altered function in disease conditions. Such measurements enable the development of intervention strategies for preventing or treating diseases by modulation of desired molecular processes. Fluorescence-based techniques are routinely employed for accurate and robust measurements of in-vitro activity of molecular targets and for discovering novel chemical molecules that modulate the activity of molecular targets. In the current review, the authors focus on the applications of fluorescence-based high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) techniques such as fluorescence polarization (FP), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence thermal shift assay (FTSA) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) for the discovery of chemical probe to exploring target's role in disease biology and ultimately, serve as a foundation for drug discovery. Some recent advancements in these techniques for compound library screening against important classes of drug targets, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and GTPases, as well as phosphorylation- and acetylation-mediated protein-protein interactions, are discussed. Overall, this review presents a landscape of how these techniques paved the way for the discovery of small-molecule modulators and biologics against these targets for therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thazhe Kootteri Prasad
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kavyashree Manjunath
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Sneha Bairy
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Akshaya S. Vasu
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - B. Ganavi
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Subbarao Jasti
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Neelagandan Kamariah
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bossi AM, Marinangeli A, Quaranta A, Pancheri L, Maniglio D. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Molecularly Imprinted Nanoprobes as an Ultralow Detection Nanosensing Tool for Protein Contaminants. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:745. [PMID: 37504143 PMCID: PMC10377162 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, optical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been attracting significant interest. MIP sensing relies on the combination of the MIP's selective capability, which is conveyed to the polymeric material by a template-assisted synthesis, with optical techniques that offer exquisite sensitivity. In this work, we devised an MIP nanoparticle optical sensor for the ultralow detection of serum albumin through time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The Fluo-nanoMIPs (∅~120 nm) were synthetized using fluorescein-O-methacrylate (0.1×, 1×, 10× mol:mol versus template) as an organic fluorescent reporter. The ability of 0.1× and 1×Fluo-nanoMIPs to bind albumin (15 fM-150 nM) was confirmed by fluorescence intensity analyses and isothermal titration calorimetry. The apparent dissociation constant (Kapp) was 30 pM. Conversely, the 10× fluorophore content did not enable monitoring binding. Then, the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of the nanosensors was studied. The 1×Fluo-nanoMIPs showed a decrease in fluorescence lifetime upon binding to albumin (100 fM-150 nM), Kapp = 28 pM, linear dynamic range 3.0-83.5 pM, limit of detection (LOD) 1.26 pM. Selectivity was confirmed testing 1×Fluo-nanoMIPs against competitor proteins. Finally, as a proof of concept, the nanosensors demonstrated detection of the albumin (1.5 nM) spiked in wine samples, suggesting a possible scaling up of the method in monitoring allergens in wines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maria Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Marinangeli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Quaranta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- INFN-TIFPA, Via Sommarive 14, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Lucio Pancheri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiu D, Zhao S, Li Z, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Snow CD, Belfiore LA, Tang J. Conditionally designed luminescent DNA crystals doped by Ln 3+(Eu 3+/Tb 3+) complexes or fluorescent proteins with smart drug sensing property. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6443-6452. [PMID: 35703105 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a designed porous DNA crystal with high intrinsic biocompatibility was used as the scaffold material to load fluorescent guest molecules to detect anti-cancer drugs. It is shown here that the synthesized crystals have the characteristics consistent with the designed large solvent channels, and can therefore accommodate guest molecules such as fluorescent proteins that cannot be accommodated by less porous crystals. Eu(TTA)3phen and Tb(acac)3phen lanthanide complexes were individually noncovalently loaded into the porous crystals, resulting in hybrid luminescent DNA crystals. Emodin, an anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory drug, was found to quench lanthanide complexes in solution or in crystals. Notably, emodin is the active ingredient of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule, an anti-COVID-19 drug candidate. Therefore, the porous DNA crystals reported here have potential applications as a biocompatible and theranostic delivery biomaterial for functional macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Yanan Xu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Christopher D Snow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Laurence A Belfiore
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang B, Liu W, Wu X, Zhu J, Hu W, El Jaouhari A, Liu X. Facile Preparation of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Glutathione and l-Tryptophan for Sensitive and Selective Off/On Detection of Fe 3+ Ions in Serum and Their Bioimaging Application. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7853-7864. [PMID: 35284715 PMCID: PMC8912430 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent properties such as low toxicity, good biocompatibility, good fluorescence imaging, etc. Here, glutathione and l-tryptophan were used as carbon sources to hydrothermally synthesize CDs for sensitive and selective off/on detection of Fe3+ ions. The CDs are spherical nanoparticles with an average particle size of 3.8 nm and the presence of organic groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, and amino groups on their surface. The experiment results display that Fe3+ ions can be selectively and sensitively detected by quenching the fluorescence of CDs. Moreover, the fluorescence of the CDs+Fe3+ system can be restored after adding ascorbic acid. Thus, an off/on fluorescent probe for the determination of Fe3+ can be formed using the as-synthesized CDs solution. The CDs show a good linear range of 0-13.89 mM and a 0.0331 μM limit of detection for Fe3+, and the most probable mechanism concluded from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry is a mixed static and dynamic quenching. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity experiment results show that CDs have low toxicity and can be used for intracellular imaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Marzana M, Morsada Z, Faruk MO, Ahmed A, Khan MMA, Jalil MA, Hossain MM, Rahman MM. Nanostructured Carbons: towards Soft-Bioelectronics, Biosensing and Theraputic Applications. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100319. [PMID: 35189015 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanostructured carbon-based soft bioelectronics and biosensors have received tremendous attention due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. The ultrahigh specific surface area, high flexibility, lightweight, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility of 1D and 2D nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, are advantageous for bioelectronics applications. These materials improve human life by delivering therapeutic advancements in gene, tumor, chemo, photothermal, immune, radio, and precision therapies. They are also utilized in biosensing platforms, including optical and electrochemical biosensors to detect cholesterol, glucose, pathogenic bacteria (e. g., coronavirus), and avian leucosis virus. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in bioelectronics and biosensors by exploiting the outstanding characteristics of nanocarbon materials. The synthesis and biocompatibility of nanocarbon materials are briefly discussed. In the following sections, applications of graphene and CNTs for different therapies and biosensing are elaborated. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of nanocarbon materials for biomedical applications are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Marzana
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
| | - Zinnat Morsada
- Department of Textile Engineering, University of South Asia, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Abbas Ahmed
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Md Manirul Alam Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Mohammad Abdul Jalil
- Department of Textile Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Milon Hossain
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | - Mohammed Muzibur Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dmitriev RI, Intes X, Barroso MM. Luminescence lifetime imaging of three-dimensional biological objects. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:1-17. [PMID: 33961054 PMCID: PMC8126452 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major focus of current biological studies is to fill the knowledge gaps between cell, tissue and organism scales. To this end, a wide array of contemporary optical analytical tools enable multiparameter quantitative imaging of live and fixed cells, three-dimensional (3D) systems, tissues, organs and organisms in the context of their complex spatiotemporal biological and molecular features. In particular, the modalities of luminescence lifetime imaging, comprising fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM), in synergy with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, provide a wealth of information. On the application side, the luminescence lifetime of endogenous molecules inside cells and tissues, overexpressed fluorescent protein fusion biosensor constructs or probes delivered externally provide molecular insights at multiple scales into protein-protein interaction networks, cellular metabolism, dynamics of molecular oxygen and hypoxia, physiologically important ions, and other physical and physiological parameters. Luminescence lifetime imaging offers a unique window into the physiological and structural environment of cells and tissues, enabling a new level of functional and molecular analysis in addition to providing 3D spatially resolved and longitudinal measurements that can range from microscopic to macroscopic scale. We provide an overview of luminescence lifetime imaging and summarize key biological applications from cells and tissues to organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan I. Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of
Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Ghent University, Ghent 9000,
Belgium
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for
Modeling, Simulation and Imaging for Medicine (CeMSIM),
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
12180-3590, USA
| | - Margarida M. Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular
Physiology, Albany Medical College,
Albany, NY 12208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Murray GF, Guest D, Mikheykin A, Toor A, Reed J. Single cell biomass tracking allows identification and isolation of rare targeted therapy-resistant DLBCL cells within a mixed population. Analyst 2021; 146:1157-1162. [PMID: 33426547 PMCID: PMC8323818 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01769h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive resistance is a major limitation in the use of targeted therapies for cancer. Using real time biomass tracking, we demonstrate the isolation and identification of rare (1% fraction) diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells resistant to the PI3K inhibitor idelalisib, from an otherwise sensitive population. This technique allows direct study of these rare, drug tolerant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme F Murray
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kacenauskaite L, Bisballe N, Mucci R, Santella M, Pullerits T, Chen J, Vosch T, Laursen BW. Rational Design of Bright Long Fluorescence Lifetime Dyad Fluorophores for Single Molecule Imaging and Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1377-1385. [PMID: 33427468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demand for detecting single molecules in challenging environments has raised the bar for the fluorophores used. To achieve better resolution and/or contrast in fluorescence microscopy, it is now essential to use bright and stable dyes with tailored photophysical properties. While long fluorescence lifetime fluorophores offer many advantages in time-resolved imaging, their inherently lower molar absorption coefficient has limited applications in single molecule imaging. Here we propose a generic approach to prepare bright, long fluorescence lifetime dyad fluorophores comprising an absorbing antenna chromophore with high absorption coefficient linked to an acceptor emitter with a long fluorescence lifetime. We introduce a dyad consisting of a perylene antenna and a triangulenium emitter with 100% energy transfer from donor to acceptor. The dyad retained the long fluorescence lifetime (∼17 ns) and high quantum yield (75%) of the triangulenium emitter, while the perylene antenna increased the molar absorption coefficient (up to 5 times) in comparison to the free triangulenium dye. These triangulenium based dyads with significantly improved brightness can now be detected at the single molecule level and easily discriminated from bright autofluorescence by time-gated and other lifetime-based detection schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kacenauskaite
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Bisballe
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Mucci
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics & NanoLund, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Chemical Physics & NanoLund, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Petrášek Z, Bolivar JM, Nidetzky B. Optimal parameters in variable-velocity scanning luminescence lifetime microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:71-78. [PMID: 33202074 PMCID: PMC7818266 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We determine the optimal parameters (scan velocities) for measuring the luminescence lifetime on the microsecond scale using the recently introduced method based on scanning the excitation beam across the sample. Using simulations, we evaluate the standard deviation and bias of the luminescence decay rate determined by scanning with two different velocities. The analysis is performed for Poisson- and normal-distributed signals, representing different types of detection techniques. We also show that a weak uncorrected background induces a bias in the obtained decay rate, and take this effect into account when choosing optimal measurement parameters. For comparison, the analysis is additionally performed for two conventional gating schemes for lifetime measurement. The variable-velocity scanning method is found to be more robust to the effect of the background signal than the gating schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Petrášek
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of Technology, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
| | - Juan M. Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of Technology, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- Present address:
Chemical and Materials Engineering DepartmentComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of Technology, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyGrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laursen BW, Bogh SA, Sørensen TJ. Long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes in imaging and fluorescence polarization assay. Methods Enzymol 2020; 640:249-265. [PMID: 32560801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of new fluorescent dyes-new fluorochromes-has a large potential to improve the established methods in enzymology, by empowering both detection capability and the scope of the individual method. Unfortunately, there are huge barriers when adopting new improved fluorescent dyes in established methods. The dyes have to be generally available, protocols for labeling and analysis must be in place, and the field has to be aware how the new improved dye can enhance their method of choice. In this chapter, we will address these issues for the triangulenium dyes. A class of dyes that has a long fluorescence lifetime and emission in the red. A unique combination that opens up new possibilities for the study of protein rotational motion, when developing fluorescence polarization (FP) assays, and for all time-resolved imaging or analysis platforms. To make these dyes generally available, the features of the long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes are described and an optimized labelling protocol are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sapermsap N, Li DDU, Al-Hemedawi R, Li Y, Yu J, Birch DJS, Chen Y. A rapid analysis platform for investigating the cellular locations of bacteria using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:034001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
12
|
Santella M, Della Pia E, Sørensen JK, Laursen BW. Synthesis and properties of sulfur-functionalized triarylmethylium, acridinium and triangulenium dyes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2133-2141. [PMID: 31579076 PMCID: PMC6753677 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triangulenium dyes functionalized with one, two or three ethylthiol functionalities were synthesized and their optical properties were studied. The sulfur functionalities were introduced by aromatic nucleophilic substitution of methoxy groups in triarylmethylium cations with ethanethiol followed by partial or full ring closure of the ortho positions with nitrogen or oxygen bridges leading to sulfur-functionalized acridinium, xanthenium or triangulenium dyes. For all the dye classes the sulfur functionalities are found to lead to intensely absorbing dyes in the visible range (470 to 515 nm), quite similar to known analogous dye systems with dialkylamino donor groups in place of the ethylthiol substituents. For the triangulenium derivatives significant fluorescence was observed (Φf = 0.1 to Φf = 0.3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Eduardo Della Pia
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kryger Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng S, Shen B, Yuan W, Zhou X, Liu Q, Kong M, Shi Y, Yang P, Feng W, Li F. Time-Gated Ratiometric Detection with the Same Working Wavelength To Minimize the Interferences from Photon Attenuation for Accurate in Vivo Detection. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:299-307. [PMID: 30834318 PMCID: PMC6396381 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging, exhibiting noninvasive, sensitive, rapid, and versatile properties, plays an important role in biomedical applications. It is usually unsuitable for direct biodetection, because the detected luminescence intensity can be influenced by various factors such as the luminescent substance concentration, the depth of the luminescent substance in the organism, etc. Ratiometric imaging may eliminate the interference due to the luminescent substance concentration on the working signal. However, the conventional ratiometric imaging mode has a limited capacity for in vivo signal acquisition and fidelity due to the highly variable and wavelength-dependent scattering and absorption process in biotissue. In this work, we demonstrate a general imaging mode in which two signals with the same working wavelength are used to perform ratiometric sensing ignoring the depth of the luminescent substance in the organism. Dual-channel decoding is achieved by time-gated imaging technology, in which the signals from lanthanide ions and fluorescent dyes are distinguished by their different luminescent lifetimes. The ratiometric signal is proven to be nonsensitive to the detection depth and excitation power densities; thus, we could utilize the working curve measured in vitro to determine the amount of target substance (hypochlorous acid) in vivo.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rosenberg M, Santella M, Bogh SA, Muñoz AV, Andersen HOB, Hammerich O, Bora I, Lincke K, Laursen BW. Extended Triangulenium Ions: Syntheses and Characterization of Benzo-Bridged Dioxa- and Diazatriangulenium Dyes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2556-2567. [PMID: 30694674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The very limited class of fluorophores, with a long fluorescence lifetime (>10 ns) and fluorescence beyond 550 nm, has been expanded with two benzo-fused triangulenium derivatives and two cationic [5]-helicene salts. The syntheses of the benzo-bridged dioxa- and diazatriangulenium derivatives (BDOTA+ and BDATA+, respectively) required two different synthetic approaches, which reflect the structural and physiochemical impact on the reactivity of [5]-helicenium precursors. Spectroscopic investigations show that the introduction of the benzo bridge into the triangulenium chromophore significantly redshifts the absorption and emission while maintaining fluorescence lifetimes above 10 ns. The combination of a high quantum yield, long fluorescence lifetime, and emission above 600 nm is possible only if the structural aspects of the triangulenium framework are perfectly harmonized to secure a low rate of nonradiative deactivation. The new benzo bridge may be a general motif to obtain red-shifted derivatives of other dye classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosenberg
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Alberto Viñas Muñoz
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Helene O B Andersen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Ilkay Bora
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Kasper Lincke
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Unsay JD, Murad F, Hermann E, Ries J, García-Sáez AJ. Scanning Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Quantification of the Dynamics and Interactions in Tube Organelles of Living Cells. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3273-3278. [PMID: 30335213 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule spectroscopic quantification of protein-protein interactions directly in the organelles of living cells is highly desirable but remains challenging. Bulk methods, such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), currently only give a relative quantification of the strength of protein-protein interactions. Here, we introduce tube scanning fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (tubeSFCCS) for the absolute quantification of diffusion and complex formation of fluorescently labeled molecules in the mitochondrial compartments. We determined the extent of association between the apoptosis regulators Bcl-xL and tBid at the mitochondrial outer membrane of living cells and discovered that practically all mitochondria-bound Bcl-xL and tBid are associated with each other, in contrast to undetectable association in the cytosol. Furthermore, we show further applicability of our method to other mitochondrial proteins, as well as to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Unsay
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Max Planck Insitute for Intteligen Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 62120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabronia Murad
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard Hermann
- Max Planck Insitute for Intteligen Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jonas Ries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Max Planck Insitute for Intteligen Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hansson P, Boyd H, Dale IL, Dahl G, Nicolaus F, Bowen W, Doering K, Dunsmore C, Cotton G, Lindmark H. A Comparative Study of Fluorescence Assays in Screening for BRD4. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:372-383. [PMID: 30307314 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence assay technologies are commonly used in high-throughput screening because of their sensitivity and ease of use. Different technologies have their characteristics and the rationale for choosing one over the other can differ between projects because of factors such as availability of reagents, assay performance, and cost. Another important factor to consider is the assay susceptibility to artifacts, which is almost as important as the ability of the assay to pick up active compounds. Spending time and money on false positives or missing the opportunity to build chemistry around false negatives is something that every drug project tries to avoid. We used a BET family Bromodomain, BRD4(1), to explore the outcome of a screening campaign using three fluorescent assay technologies as primary assays. A diverse 7,038 compound set was screened in fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence polarization, and homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence to look at primary hit rates, compound overlap, and hit confirmation rates. The results show a difference between the fluorescence assay technologies with three separate hit lists and some overlap. The confirmed hits from each assay were further evaluated for translation into cells (NanoBRET™). Most of the actives confirmed in cells originated from compounds that overlapped between the assays. In addition, a well-annotated set of compounds with undesirable mechanism of inhibition was screened against BRD4(1) to compare the ability to discriminate true hits from artifact compounds. The results indicate a difference between the assays in their ability to generate false positives and negatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hansson
- 1 AstraZeneca R&D, Discovery Biology , Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Boyd
- 1 AstraZeneca R&D, Discovery Biology , Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ian L Dale
- 2 AstraZeneca R&D, Discovery Biology , Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Göran Dahl
- 3 AstraZeneca R&D, Structure and Biophysics , Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Felix Nicolaus
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Helena Lindmark
- 1 AstraZeneca R&D, Discovery Biology , Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rosenberg M, Rostgaard KR, Liao Z, Madsen AØ, Martinez KL, Vosch T, Laursen BW. Design, synthesis, and time-gated cell imaging of carbon-bridged triangulenium dyes with long fluorescence lifetime and red emission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3122-3130. [PMID: 29780456 PMCID: PMC5932597 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence offers many advantages over normal steady-state detection and becomes increasingly important in bioimaging. However, only very few fluorophores with emission in the visible range and fluorescence lifetimes above 5 ns are available. In this work, we prepare a series of new aza/oxa-triangulenium dyes where one of the usual oxa or aza bridges is replaced by an isopropyl bridge. This leads to a significant redshift of fluorescence with only moderate reductions of quantum yields and a unique long fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence of the isopropyl bridged diazatriangulenium derivative CDATA+ is red-shifted by 50 nm (1400 cm-1) as compared to the oxygen-bridged DAOTA+ chromophore and has intense emission in the red region (600-700 nm) with a quantum yield of 61%, and a fluorescence lifetime of 15.8 ns in apolar solution. When the CDATA+ dye is used as cell stain, high photostability and efficient time-gated cell imaging is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenberg
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - K R Rostgaard
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Z Liao
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - A Ø Madsen
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - K L Martinez
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - T Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - B W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| |
Collapse
|