1
|
Zhen D, Zhang S, Yang A, Li L, Cai Q, Grimes CA, Liu Y. A PEDOT enhanced covalent organic framework (COF) fluorescent probe for in vivo detection and imaging of Fe 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129104. [PMID: 38161014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Simple and accurate in vivo monitoring of Fe3+ is essential for gaining a better understanding of its role in physiological and pathological processes. A novel fluorescent probe was synthesized via in situ solid-state polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) in the pore channels of a covalent organic framework (COF). The PEDOT@COF fluorescent probe exhibited an absolute quantum yield (QY) 3 times higher than COF. In the presence of Fe3+ the PEDOT@COF 475 nm fluorescence emission, 365 nm excitation, is quenched within 180 s. Fluorescence quenching is linear with Fe3+ in the concentration range of 0-960 μM, with a detection limit of 0.82 μM. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was attributed to inner filter effect (IEF), photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and static quenching (SQE) between PEDOT@COF and Fe3+. A paper strip-based detector was designed to facilitate practical applicability, and the PEDOT@COF probe successfully applied to fluorescence imaging of Fe3+ levels in vivo. This work details a tool of great promise for enabling detailed investigations into the role of Fe3+ in physiological and pathological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Zhen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Aofeng Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Craig A Grimes
- Flux Photon Corporation, 5950 Shiloh Road East, Alpharetta, GA 30005, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen Y, Sun D, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen L, Li J. Molecular imprinting-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors for environmental and food analysis. Analyst 2023; 148:3971-3985. [PMID: 37528730 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental protection and food safety are closely related to the healthy development of human society; there is an urgent need for relevant analytical methods to determine environmental pollutants and harmful substances in food. Molecular imprinting-based ratiometric fluorescence (MI-RFL) sensors, constructed by combining molecular imprinting recognition and ratiometric fluorescence detection, possess remarkable advantages such as high selectivity, anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, non-destruction and convenience, and have attracted increasing interest in the field of analytical determination. Herein, recent advances in MI-RFL sensors for environmental and food analysis are reviewed, aiming at new construction strategies and representative determination applications. Firstly, fluorescence sources and possible sensing principles are briefly outlined. Secondly, new imprinting techniques and dual/ternary-emission fluorescence types that improve sensing performances are highlighted. Thirdly, typical analytical applications of MI-RFL sensors in environmental and food samples are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives of the MI-RFL sensors are proposed, focusing on improving sensitivity/visualization and extending applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Dani Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Q, Zhou Y. Recent advances in fluorescent materials for mercury(ii) ion detection. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19429-19446. [PMID: 37383685 PMCID: PMC10294291 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Invading mercury would cause many serious health hazards such as kidney damage, genetic freak, and nerve injury to human body. Thus, developing highly efficient and convenient mercury detection methods is of great significance for environmental governance and protection of public health. Motivated by this problem, various testing technologies for detecting trace mercury in the environment, food, medicines or daily chemicals have been developed. Among them, the fluorescence sensing technology is a sensitive and efficient detection method for detecting Hg2+ ions due to its simple operation, rapid response and economic value. This review aims to discuss the recent advances in fluorescent materials for Hg2+ ion detection. We reviewed the Hg2+ sensing materials and divided them into seven categories according to the sensing mechanism: static quenching, photoinduced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, aggregation-induced emission, metallophilic interaction, mercury-induced reactions and ligand-to-metal energy transfer. The challenges and prospects of fluorescent Hg2+ ion probes are briefly presented. We hope that this review can provide some new insights and guidance for the design and development of novel fluorescent Hg2+ ion probes to promote their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University Fuzhou 344000 China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mousavizadegan M, Hosseini M, Sheikholeslami MN, Hamidipanah Y, Reza Ganjali M. Smartphone image analysis-based fluorescence detection of tetracycline using machine learning. Food Chem 2023; 403:134364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Pan Y, Han Z, Chen S, Wei K, Wei X. Metallic nanoclusters: From synthetic challenges to applications of their unique properties in food contamination detection. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
6
|
Hada AM, Zetes M, Focsan M, Astilean S, Craciun AM. Photoluminescent Histidine-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters as Efficient Sensors for Fast and Easy Visual Detection of Fe Ions in Water Using Paper-Based Portable Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012410. [PMID: 36293265 PMCID: PMC9604042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein is presented a novel and efficient portable paper-based sensing platform using paper-incorporated histidine stabilized gold nanoclusters (His-AuNCs), for the sensitive and selective detection of Fe ions from low-volume real water samples based on photoluminescence (PL) quenching. Highly photoluminescent colloidal His-AuNCs are obtained via a novel microwave-assisted method. The His-AuNCs-based sensor reveals a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.2 μM and a good selectivity towards Fe ions, in solution. Further, the fabricated portable sensing device based on paper impregnated with His-AuNCs proves to be suitable for the easy detection of hazardous Fe levels from real water samples, under UV light exposure, through evaluating the level of PL quenching on paper. Photographic images are thereafter captured with a smartphone camera and the average blue intensity ratio (I/I0) of the His-AuNCs-paper spots is plotted against [Fe2+] revealing a LOD of 3.2 μM. Moreover, selectivity and competitivity assays performed on paper-based sensor prove that the proposed platform presents high selectivity and accuracy for the detection of Fe ions from water samples. To validate the platform, sensing assays are performed on real water samples from local sources, spiked with 35 μM Fe ions (i.e., Fe2+). The obtained recoveries prove the high sensitivity and accuracy of the proposed His-AuNCs-paper-based sensor pointing towards its applicability as an easy-to-use, fast, quantitative and qualitative sensor suitable for on-site detection of toxic levels of Fe ions in low-volume real water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Milentie Hada
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Str., 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Markus Zetes
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Str., 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Astilean
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Str., 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Craciun
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen M, Ao W, Bai J, Li P, Wei W, Pang S, Yang X. Dual-emission fluorescent nanoprobe based on Ag nanoclusters for sensitive detection of Cu(II). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:345501. [PMID: 35576900 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6ff1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters have attracted much attention because of their excellent fluorescence properties. In this work, we demonstrated a dual-emission fluorescent nanocomposite based on silver nanoclusters. First, we synthesized positively charged His-AgNCs, which emits intense blue light, and then Ag nanoclusters with stable red emission were synthesized using DHLA as the ligand. Thus a dual-emission fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully obtained through electrostatic self-assembly, with the advantages of good water solubility and excellent stability. Based on the intensity ratio of the two emission peaks, the nanoprobe can be used for selective and sensitive detection of copper ions, and presents a good linear relationship within a certain concentration range. In addition, we also designed a polymer film, and our dual-emission nanoprobe was successfully loaded onto it, which means that the visual detection of copper ions is possible. This indicates that our dual-emission fluorescent nanoprobe has potential application prospects in environmental analysis, medical diagnosis, biological detection, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinna Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panthi G, Park M. Synthesis of metal nanoclusters and their application in Hg 2+ ions detection: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127565. [PMID: 34736203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mercuric (Hg2+) ions released from human activities, natural phenomena, and industrial sources are regarded as the global pollutant of world's water. Hg2+ ions contaminated water has several adverse effects on human health and the environment even at low concentrations. Therefore, rapid and cost-effective method is urgently required for the detection of Hg2+ ions in water. Although, the current analytical methods applied for the detection of Hg2+ ions provide low detection limit, they are time consuming, require expensive equipment, and are not suitable for in-situ analysis. Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) consisting of several to ten metal atoms are important transition missing between single atoms and plasmonic metal nanoparticles. In addition, sub-nanometer sized MNCs possess unique electronic structures and the subsequent unusual optical, physical, and chemical properties. Because of these novel properties, MNCs as a promising material have attracted considerable attention for the construction of selective and sensitive sensors to monitor water quality. Hence this review is focused on recent advances on synthesis strategies, and optical and chemical properties of various MNCs including their applications to develop optical assay for Hg2+ ions in aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Panthi
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea; Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luminescent Hydrogel Based on Silver Nanocluster/Malic Acid and Its Composite Film for Highly Sensitive Detection of Fe 3. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040192. [PMID: 34842652 PMCID: PMC8628787 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with excellent photoluminescence properties are an emerging functional material that have rich physical and chemical properties and broad application prospects. However, it is a challenging problem to construct such materials into complex ordered aggregates and cause aggregation-induced emission (AIE). In this article, we use the supramolecular self-assembly strategy to regulate a water-soluble, atomically precise Ag NCs (NH4)9[Ag9(C7H4SO2)9] (Ag9-NCs, [Ag9(mba)9], H2mba = 2-mercaptobenzoic acid) and L-malic acid (L–MA) to form a phosphorescent hydrogel with stable and bright luminescence, which is ascribed to AIE phenomenon. In this process, the AIE of Ag9-NCs could be attributed to the non-covalent interactions between L–MA and Ag9-NCs, which restrict the intramolecular vibration and rotation of ligands on the periphery of Ag9-NCs, thus inhibiting the ligand-related, non-radiative excited state relaxation and promoting radiation energy transfer. In addition, the fluorescent Ag9-NCs/L–MA xerogel was introduced into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to form an excellently fluorescent film for sensing of Fe3+. Ag9-NCs/L–MA/PMMA film exhibits an excellent ability to recognize Fe3+ ion with high selectivity and a low detection limit of 0.3 μM. This research enriches self-assembly system for enhancing the AIE of metal NCs, and the prepared hybrid films will become good candidates for optical materials.
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Sayed N, Schneider M. Advances in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8952-8971. [PMID: 32901648 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The interest in using gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) as imaging probes is growing, covering wide ranges of applications. The stabilization of AuNCs with protein ligands enhances their biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This is due to the biocompatibility, water solubility and bioactivity of proteins. Different factors can control the optical properties of AuNCs such as protein size, amino acids content and conformational structure. Controlling the synthesis conditions can result in tuning the AuNCs excitation, emission, fluorescence intensity and physicochemical properties to fulfill different applications. NIR-emitting protein-stabilized AuNCs are promising as imaging agents for targeting and visualization of cancer in vitro and in vivo. They are promising to be included as an important part of multifunctional theranostic nanosystems, due to their potential dual functions as imaging and photosensitizing agent for photodynamic therapy. Additionally, the protein around AuNCs represents a rich environment of active functional groups that are susceptible for conjugation with various biomolecules. Protein-AuNCs can act as fluorescent probes for rapid and selective analysis of different analytes in solution, cells or biological fluids. In conclusion, the variability of protein-AuNC applications can advance research in different biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesma El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao L, Wu W, Shen X, Liu Q, He Y, Song K, Li H, Chen Z. Nonvolatile Electrical Bistability Behaviors Observed in Au/Ag Nanoparticle-Embedded MOFs and Switching Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47073-47082. [PMID: 31747747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrically bistable devices play an important role in the next generation of information materials. Plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles (Au and Ag NPs) with diameters <6 nm were embedded into 3-D Cd-based metal-organic framework (MOF) matrixes via the photoreduction method to generate Au (Ag) NPs@MOF composites. Electrical bistability measurements on the sandwiched ITO/NPs@MOF/silver devices indicate that two switchable conductivity states with nonvolatile memory behaviors can be observed. The ITO/Au NP@2/Ag device with neutral matrix possesses the highest ON/OFF current ratio of 104, which can be attributed to its higher electron tunneling efficiency because of the better dispersity of Au NPs in the MOF matrix. A mechanism regarding the electric-field-induced charge-transfer process assisted by conformational change in the active layer was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Xiaqiang Shen
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Yan He
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Kaiyue Song
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Haohong Li
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China
| |
Collapse
|