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Lee JH, Kim TK, Kang MC, Park M, Choi YS. Methods to Isolate Muscle Stem Cells for Cell-Based Cultured Meat Production: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:819. [PMID: 38473203 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultured meat production relies on various cell types, including muscle stem cells (MuSCs), embryonic stem cell lines, induced pluripotent cell lines, and naturally immortalized cell lines. MuSCs possess superior muscle differentiation capabilities compared to the other three cell lines, making them key for cultured meat development. Therefore, to produce cultured meat using MuSCs, they must first be effectively separated from muscles. At present, the methods used to isolate MuSCs from muscles include (1) the pre-plating method, using the ability of cells to adhere differently, which is a biological characteristic of MuSCs; (2) the density gradient centrifugation method, using the intrinsic density difference of cells, which is a physical characteristic of MuSCs; and (3) fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting methods, using the surface marker protein on the cell surface of MuSCs, which is a molecular characteristic of MuSCs. Further efficient and valuable methods for separating MuSCs are expected to be required as the cell-based cultured meat industry develops. Thus, we take a closer look at the four methods currently in use and discuss future development directions in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Lee
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Lan X, Qi D, Ren H, Liu T, Shao H, Zhang J. Chicoric acid ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in bovine lamellar keratinocytes by modulating the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21963. [PMID: 38082032 PMCID: PMC10713547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to lamellar keratinocytes, an essential cellular component of the epidermal layer of hoof tissue, can have a detrimental effect on hoof health and the overall production value of dairy cows. We isolated and cultured cow lamellar keratinocytes using the Dispase II and collagenase methods. We purified them by differential digestion and differential velocity adherent methods at each passaging and identified them by keratin 14 immunofluorescence. We established an in vitro model of inflammation in laminar keratinocytes using LPS and investigated whether chicoric acid protects against inflammatory responses by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that cow lamellar keratinocytes were successfully isolated and cultured by Dispase II combined with the collagenase method. In the in vitro inflammation model established by LPS, the Chicoric acid decreased the concentration of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), down-regulated the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 (P < 0.01), down-regulated the expression of TLR4, MyD88, p-ERK, p-p38, IKKβ, p-p65, p-p50 (P < 0.05), and increased the IκBα protein expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Chicoric acid successfully protected cow lamellar keratinocytes from LPS-induced inflammatory responses by modulating the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulating inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Efficient Isolation of Lymphocytes and Myogenic Cells from the Tissue of Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111754. [PMID: 35681449 PMCID: PMC9179359 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation of both lymphocytes and myogenic cells from muscle tissue is required for elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle regeneration. Here, we aimed to establish an optimal method obtaining a high yield of lymphocytes during muscle regeneration. After the muscle injury, we observed higher infiltration of lymphocytic cells in the muscle on day 3 after injury. Then, we compared two different white blood cell isolation methods, the Percoll gradient and CD45-magnetic bead methods, to assess the percentage and number of T and B cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the CD45-magnetic bead method has a better efficiency in isolating CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and B cells from injured muscle tissues of wild-type and mdx mice than that by the Percoll gradient method. Moreover, we found that the CD45-negative fraction from wild-type and mdx mice includes myogenic cells. In conclusion, we report that the CD45-magnetic bead method is suitable to isolate T and B cells during muscle regeneration with higher purity and yield and can also isolate myogenic cells within the same sample. This method provides a technical basis for further studies on muscle regeneration, involving lymphocytes and muscle cells, with a wide range of clinical applications.
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Laurent A, Hirt-Burri N, Scaletta C, Michetti M, de Buys Roessingh AS, Raffoul W, Applegate LA. Holistic Approach of Swiss Fetal Progenitor Cell Banking: Optimizing Safe and Sustainable Substrates for Regenerative Medicine and Biotechnology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:557758. [PMID: 33195124 PMCID: PMC7644790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.557758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety, quality, and regulatory-driven iterative optimization of therapeutic cell source selection has constituted the core developmental bedrock for primary fetal progenitor cell (FPC) therapy in Switzerland throughout three decades. Customized Fetal Transplantation Programs were pragmatically devised as straightforward workflows for tissue procurement, traceability maximization, safety, consistency, and robustness of cultured progeny cellular materials. Whole-cell bioprocessing standardization has provided plethoric insights into the adequate conjugation of modern biotechnological advances with current restraining legislative, ethical, and regulatory frameworks. Pioneer translational advances in cutaneous and musculoskeletal regenerative medicine continuously demonstrate the therapeutic potential of FPCs. Extensive technical and clinical hindsight was gathered by managing pediatric burns and geriatric ulcers in Switzerland. Concomitant industrial transposition of dermal FPC banking, following good manufacturing practices, demonstrated the extensive potential of their therapeutic value. Furthermore, in extenso, exponential revalorization of Swiss FPC technology may be achieved via the renewal of integrative model frameworks. Consideration of both longitudinal and transversal aspects of simultaneous fetal tissue differential processing allows for a better understanding of the quasi-infinite expansion potential within multi-tiered primary FPC banking. Multiple fetal tissues (e.g., skin, cartilage, tendon, muscle, bone, lung) may be simultaneously harvested and processed for adherent cell cultures, establishing a unique model for sustainable therapeutic cellular material supply chains. Here, we integrated fundamental, preclinical, clinical, and industrial developments embodying the scientific advances supported by Swiss FPC banking and we focused on advances made to date for FPCs that may be derived from a single organ donation. A renewed model of single organ donation bioprocessing is proposed, achieving sustained standards and potential production of billions of affordable and efficient therapeutic doses. Thereby, the aim is to validate the core therapeutic value proposition, to increase awareness and use of standardized protocols for translational regenerative medicine, potentially impacting millions of patients suffering from cutaneous and musculoskeletal diseases. Alternative applications of FPC banking include biopharmaceutical therapeutic product manufacturing, thereby indirectly and synergistically enhancing the power of modern therapeutic armamentariums. It is hypothesized that a single qualifying fetal organ donation is sufficient to sustain decades of scientific, medical, and industrial developments, as technological optimization and standardization enable high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
- Tec-Pharma SA, Bercher, Switzerland
- LAM Biotechnologies SA, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Michetti
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anthony S. de Buys Roessingh
- Children and Adolescent Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
- Oxford Suzhou Center for Advanced Research, Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Oxford University, Suzhou, China
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yoshioka K, Kitajima Y, Okazaki N, Chiba K, Yonekura A, Ono Y. A Modified Pre-plating Method for High-Yield and High-Purity Muscle Stem Cell Isolation From Human/Mouse Skeletal Muscle Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:793. [PMID: 32903486 PMCID: PMC7438441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary culture of skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) is indispensable to study the dynamics of muscle regeneration and homeostasis. Here we describe the modified pre-plating method for isolating MuSCs in culture with greatly improved purity, yield, and procedure time. The protocol is based on the distinct adhesion characteristics of MuSCs. We reduced the procedure time to 2.5 days to obtain highly purified MuSCs through a newly employed re-plating step, which repeats incubation and cell-suspension. The re-plating step efficiently traps remaining fibroblastic cells, but not MuSCs, on a collagen-coated dish. Additionally, we confirmed that MuSCs can be isolated from small amounts of human/mouse muscle tissues, enabling us to perform experiments with amount-limited specimens. Thus, our method can be performed with basic laboratory equipment suitable for most facilities and without sophisticated MuSC handling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Narihiro Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ko Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yonekura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Masouminia M, Gelfand R, Kovanecz I, Vernet D, Tsao J, Salas R, Castro K, Loni L, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Dyslipidemia Is a Major Factor in Stem Cell Damage Induced by Uncontrolled Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in the Rat, as Suggested by the Effects on Stem Cell Culture. J Sex Med 2018; 15:1678-1697. [PMID: 30527052 PMCID: PMC6645779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work showed that muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) exposed long-term to the milieu of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (UC-T2D) in male obese Zucker (OZ) rats, were unable to correct the associated erectile dysfunction and the underlying histopathology when implanted into the corpora cavernosa, and were also imprinted with a noxious gene global transcriptional signature (gene-GTS), suggesting that this may interfere with their use as autografts in stem cell therapy. AIM To ascertain the respective contributions of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia to this MDSC damage, clarify its mechanism, and design a bioassay to identify the damaged stem cells. METHODS Early diabetes MDSCs and late diabetes MDSCs were respectively isolated from nearly normal young OZ rats and moderately hyperglycemic and severely dyslipidemic/obese aged rats with erectile dysfunction. Monolayer cultures of early diabetic MDSCs were incubated 4 days in DMEM/10% fetal calf serum + or - aged OZ or lean Zucker serum from non-diabetic lean Zucker rats (0.5-5%) or with soluble palmitic acid (PA) (0.5-2 mM), cholesterol (CHOL) (50-400 mg/dL), or glucose (10-25 mM). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Fat infiltration was estimated by Oil red O, apoptosis by TUNEL, protein expression by Western blots, and gene-GTS and microRNA (miR)-GTS were determined in these stem cells' RNA. RESULTS Aged OZ serum caused fat infiltration, apoptosis, myostatin overexpression, and impaired differentiation. Some of these changes, and also a proliferation decrease occurred with PA and CHOL. The gene-GTS changes by OZ serum did not resemble the in vivo changes, but some occurred with PA and CHOL. The miR-GTS changes by OZ serum, PA, and CHOL resembled most of the in vivo changes. Hyperglycemia did not replicate most alterations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS MDSCs may be damaged in long-term UC-T2D/obese patients and be ineffective in autologous human stem cell therapy, which may be prevented by excluding the damaged MDSCs. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS The in vitro test of MDSCs is innovative and fast to define dyslipidemic factors inducing stem cell damage, its mechanism, prevention, and counteraction. Confirmation is required in other T2D/obesity rat models and stem cells (including human), as well as miR-GTS biomarker validation as a stem cell damage biomarker. CONCLUSION Serum from long-term UC-T2D/obese rats or dyslipidemic factors induces a noxious phenotype and miR-GTS on normal MDSCs, which may lead in vivo to the repair inefficacy of late diabetic MDSCs. This suggests that autograft therapy with MDSCs in long-term UT-T2D obese patients may be ineffective, albeit this may be predictable by prior stem cell miR-GTS tests. Masouminia M, Gelfand R, Kovanecz I, et al. Dyslipidemia Is a Major Factor in Stem Cell Damage Induced by Uncontrolled Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in the Rat, as Suggested by the Effects on Stem Cell Culture. J Sex Med 2018;15:1678-1697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masouminia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Robert Gelfand
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Istvan Kovanecz
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Vernet
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - James Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Salas
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kenny Castro
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Leila Loni
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Nestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Lan KC, Wang CC, Yen YP, Yang RS, Liu SH, Chan DC. Islet-like clusters derived from skeletal muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells for autologous transplantation to control type 1 diabetes in mice. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S328-S335. [PMID: 30032651 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1492421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A population of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) contained in skeletal muscle is responsible for muscle regeneration. MDSPCs from mouse muscle have been shown to be capable of differentiating into pancreatic islet-like cells. However, the potency of MDSPCs to differentiate into functional islet-like cluster remains to be confirmed. The therapeutic potential of autologous MDSPCs transplantation on type 1 diabetes still remains unclear. Here, we investigated a four-stage method to induce the differentiation of MDSPCs into insulin-producing clusters in vitro, and tested the autologous transplantation to control type 1 diabetes in mice. MDSPCs isolated from the skeletal muscles of mice possessed the ability to form islet-like clusters through several stages of differentiation. The expressions of pancreatic progenitor-related genes, insulin, and islet-related genes were significantly upregulated in islet-like clusters determined by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The autologous islet-like clusters transplantation effectively improved hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance and increased the survival rate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice without the use of immunosuppressants. Taken together, these results provide evidence that MDSPCs from murine muscle tissues are capable of differentiating into insulin-producing clusters, which possess insulin-producing ability in vitro and in vivo, and have the potential for autologous transplantation to control type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lan
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- b Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Peng Yen
- c College of Medicine , Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- d Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- b Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.,c College of Medicine , Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.,e Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- f Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Miersch C, Stange K, Röntgen M. Separation of functionally divergent muscle precursor cell populations from porcine juvenile muscles by discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation. BMC Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29523096 PMCID: PMC5845299 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite cells (SC) and their descendants, muscle precursor cells (MPC), play a key role in postnatal muscle development, regeneration, and plasticity. Several studies have provided evidence that SC and MPC represent a heterogeneous population differing in their biochemical and functional properties. The identification and characterization of functionally divergent SC subpopulations should help to reveal the precise involvement of SC/MPC in these myogenic processes. The aim of the present work was therefore to separate SC subpopulations by using Percoll gradients and to characterize their myogenic marker profiles and their functional properties (adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation). RESULTS SC/MPC from muscles of 4-day-old piglets were isolated by trypsin digestion and enriched by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. A mixed myogenic cell population was obtained from the 40/70% interface (termed: mixed P40/70) of a 25/40/70% Percoll gradient. Thereafter, by using a more stepped 25/40/50/70% Percoll gradient, mixed P40/70 was divided into subpopulation 40/50 (SP40/50) collected from the 40/50% interface and subpopulation 50/70 (SP50/70) collected from the 50/70% interface. All three isolated populations proliferated and showed a myogenic phenotype characterized by the ability to express myogenic markers (Pax7, MyoD1, Desmin, and MyoG) and to differentiate into myotubes. However, compared with mixed P40/70, SP40/50 and SP50/70 exhibited distinct functional behavior. Growth kinetic curves over 90 h obtained by the xCELLigence system and proliferation assays revealed that SP40/50 and mixed P40/70 constituted a fast adhering and fast proliferating phenotype. In contrast, SP50/70 showed considerably slower adhesion and proliferation. The fast-proliferating SP40/50 showed the highest myogenic differentiation potential with higher fusion rates and the formation of more middle-sized and large myotubes. CONCLUSIONS The described Percoll density gradient centrifugation represents a useful tool for subdividing pig SC/MPC populations with divergent myogenic functions. The physiological role of SC subpopulations during myogenesis and the interaction of these populations can now be analyzed to a greater extent, shedding light on postnatal growth variations in pigs and probably in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miersch
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Katja Stange
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Growth and Development Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Matthias N, Hunt SD, Wu J, Lo J, Smith Callahan LA, Li Y, Huard J, Darabi R. Volumetric muscle loss injury repair using in situ fibrin gel cast seeded with muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). Stem Cell Res 2018; 27:65-73. [PMID: 29331939 PMCID: PMC5851454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle defect, caused by trauma or combat injuries, is a major health concern leading to severe morbidity. It is characterized by partial or full thickness loss of muscle and its bio-scaffold, resulting in extensive fibrosis and scar formation. Therefore, the ideal therapeutic option is to use stem cells combined with bio-scaffolds to restore muscle. For this purpose, muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are a great candidate due to their unique multi-lineage differentiation potential. In this study, we evaluated the regeneration potential of MDSCs for muscle loss repair using a novel in situ fibrin gel casting. Muscle defect was created by a partial thickness wedge resection in the tibialis anterior (TA)muscles of NSG mice which created an average of 25% mass loss. If untreated, this defect leads to severe muscle fibrosis. Next, MDSCs were delivered using a novel in situ fibrin gel casting method. Our results demonstrated MDSCs are able to engraft and form new myofibers in the defect when casted along with fibrin gel. LacZ labeled MDSCs were able to differentiate efficiently into new myofibers and significantly increase muscle mass. This was also accompanied by significant reduction of fibrotic tissue in the engrafted muscles. Furthermore, transplanted cells also contributed to new vessel formation and satellite cell seeding. These results confirmed the therapeutic potential of MDSCs and feasibility of direct in situ casting of fibrin/MDSC mixture to repair muscle mass defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Matthias
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), United States
| | - Samuel D Hunt
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), United States
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), United States
| | - Jonathan Lo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), United States
| | - Laura A Smith Callahan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), United States; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), United States; Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), United States; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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A Combination of Allogeneic Stem Cells Promotes Cardiac Regeneration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:2504-2515. [PMID: 29145950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac stem cells (CSCs) synergistically reduces scar size and improves cardiac function in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Whereas allogeneic (allo-)MSCs are immunoevasive, the capacity of CSCs to similarly elude the immune system remains controversial, potentially limiting the success of allogeneic cell combination therapy (ACCT). OBJECTIVES This study sought to test the hypothesis that ACCT synergistically promotes cardiac regeneration without provoking immunologic reactions. METHODS Göttingen swine with experimental ischemic cardiomyopathy were randomized to receive transendocardial injections of allo-MSCs + allo-CSCs (ACCT: 200 million MSCs/1 million CSCs, n = 7), 200 million allo-MSCs (n = 8), 1 million allo-CSCs (n = 4), or placebo (Plasma-Lyte A, n = 6). Swine were assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and pressure volume catheterization. Immune response was tested by histologic analyses. RESULTS Both ACCT and allo-MSCs reduced scar size by -11.1 ± 4.8% (p = 0.012) and -9.5 ± 4.8% (p = 0.047), respectively. Only ACCT, but not MSCs or CSCs, prevented ongoing negative remodeling by offsetting increases in chamber volumes. Importantly, ACCT exerted the greatest effect on systolic function, improving the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (+0.98 ± 0.41 mm Hg/ml; p = 0.016). The ACCT group had more phospho-histone H3+ (a marker of mitosis) cardiomyocytes (p = 0.04), and noncardiomyocytes (p = 0.0002) than did the placebo group in some regions of the heart. Inflammatory sites in ACCT and MSC-treated swine contained immunotolerant CD3+/CD25+/FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (p < 0.0001). Histologic analysis showed absent to low-grade inflammatory infiltrates without cardiomyocyte necrosis. CONCLUSIONS ACCT demonstrates synergistic effects to enhance cardiac regeneration and left ventricular functional recovery in a swine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy without adverse immunologic reaction. Clinical translation to humans is warranted.
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Syverud BC, Lin E, Nagrath S, Larkin LM. Label-Free, High-Throughput Purification of Satellite Cells Using Microfluidic Inertial Separation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 24:32-41. [PMID: 28946802 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells have tremendous therapeutic potential in cell therapy or skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Obtaining a sufficiently pure satellite cell population, however, presents a significant challenge. We hypothesized that size differences between satellite cells and fibroblasts, two primary cell types obtained from skeletal muscle dissociation, would allow for label-free, inertial separation in a microfluidic device, termed a "Labyrinth," and that these purified satellite cells could be used to engineer skeletal muscle. Throughout tissue fabrication, Labyrinth-purified cells were compared with unsorted controls to assess the efficiency of this novel sorting process and to examine potential improvements in myogenic proliferation, differentiation, and tissue function. Immediately after dissociation and Labyrinth sorting, cells were immunostained to identify myogenic cells and fibroblast progenitors. Remaining cells were cultured for 14 days to form a confluent monolayer that was induced to delaminate and was captured as a 3D skeletal muscle construct. During monolayer development, myogenic proliferation (BrdU assay on Day 4), differentiation and myotube fusion index (α-actinin on Day 11), and myotube structural development (light microscopy on Day 14) were assessed. Isometric tetanic force production was measured in 3D constructs on Day 16. Immediately following sorting, unsorted cells exhibited a myogenic purity of 39.9% ± 3.99%, and this purity was enriched approximately two-fold to 75.5% ± 1.59% by microfluidic separation. The BrdU assay on Day 4 similarly showed significantly enhanced myogenic proliferation: in unsorted controls 47.0% ± 2.77% of proliferating cells were myogenic, in comparison to 61.7% ± 2.55% following purification. Myogenic differentiation and fusion, assessed by fusion index quantification, showed improvement from 82.7% ± 3.74% in control to 92.3% ± 2.04% in the purified cell population. Myotube density in unsorted controls, 18.6 ± 3.26 myotubes/mm2, was significantly enriched in the purified cell population to 33.9 ± 3.74 myotubes/mm2. Constructs fabricated from Labyrinth-purified cells also produced significantly greater tetanic forces (143.6 ± 16.9 μN) than unsorted controls (70.7 ± 8.03 μN). These results demonstrate the promise of microfluidic sorting in purifying isolated satellite cells. This unique technology could assist researchers in translating the regenerative potential of satellite cells to cell therapies and engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Syverud
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric Lin
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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12
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Lorant J, Saury C, Schleder C, Robriquet F, Lieubeau B, Négroni E, Leroux I, Chabrand L, Viau S, Babarit C, Ledevin M, Dubreil L, Hamel A, Magot A, Thorin C, Guevel L, Delorme B, Péréon Y, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Rouger K. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Potential of Human MuStem Cells following Transplantation into Injured Mice Muscle. Mol Ther 2017; 26:618-633. [PMID: 29221805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
After intra-arterial delivery in the dystrophic dog, allogeneic muscle-derived stem cells, termed MuStem cells, contribute to long-term stabilization of the clinical status and preservation of the muscle regenerative process. However, it remains unknown whether the human counterpart could be identified, considering recent demonstrations of divergent features between species for several somatic stem cells. Here, we report that MuStem cells reside in human skeletal muscle and display a long-term ability to proliferate, allowing generation of a clinically relevant amount of cells. Cultured human MuStem (hMuStem) cells do not express hematopoietic, endothelial, or myo-endothelial cell markers and reproducibly correspond to a population of early myogenic-committed progenitors with a perivascular/mesenchymal phenotypic signature, revealing a blood vessel wall origin. Importantly, they exhibit both myogenesis in vitro and skeletal muscle regeneration after intramuscular delivery into immunodeficient host mice. Together, our findings provide new insights supporting the notion that hMuStem cells could represent an interesting therapeutic candidate for dystrophic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lorant
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Charlotte Saury
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France; Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, Mouvaux, 59420, France
| | - Cindy Schleder
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Florence Robriquet
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France; Université de Nantes, UBL, Nantes, France
| | | | - Elisa Négroni
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | | | - Sabrina Viau
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, Mouvaux, 59420, France
| | - Candice Babarit
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Antoine Hamel
- Service de Chirurgie Infantile, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Nantes 44093, France
| | - Armelle Magot
- Centre de Référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Animale et Pharmacologie fonctionnelle, Oniris, Nantes 44307, France
| | - Laëtitia Guevel
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France; Université de Nantes, UBL, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Delorme
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, Mouvaux, 59420, France
| | - Yann Péréon
- Centre de Référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France.
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13
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Constitutive transgene expression of Stem Cell Antigen-1 in the hair follicle alters the sensitivity to tumor formation and progression. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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14
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Karantalis V, Suncion-Loescher VY, Bagno L, Golpanian S, Wolf A, Sanina C, Premer C, Kanelidis AJ, McCall F, Wang B, Balkan W, Rodriguez J, Rosado M, Morales A, Hatzistergos K, Natsumeda M, Margitich I, Schulman IH, Gomes SA, Mushtaq M, DiFede DL, Fishman JE, Pattany P, Zambrano JP, Heldman AW, Hare JM. Synergistic Effects of Combined Cell Therapy for Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 66:1990-1999. [PMID: 26516002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and c-kit(+) cardiac stem cells (CSCs) improve left ventricular remodeling in porcine models and clinical trials. Using xenogeneic (human) cells in immunosuppressed animals with acute ischemic heart disease, we previously showed that these 2 cell types act synergistically. OBJECTIVES To more accurately model clinical applications for heart failure, this study tested whether the combination of autologous MSCs and CSCs produce greater improvement in cardiac performance than MSCs alone in a nonimmunosuppressed porcine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Three months after ischemia/reperfusion injury, Göttingen swine received transendocardial injections with MSCs alone (n = 6) or in combination with cardiac-derived CSCs (n = 8), or placebo (vehicle; n = 6). Cardiac functional and anatomic parameters were assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance at baseline and before and after therapy. RESULTS Both groups of cell-treated animals exhibited significantly reduced scar size (MSCs -44.1 ± 6.8%; CSC/MSC -37.2 ± 5.4%; placebo -12.9 ± 4.2%; p < 0.0001), increased viable tissue, and improved wall motion relative to placebo 3 months post-injection. Ejection fraction (EF) improved (MSCs 2.9 ± 1.6 EF units; CSC/MSC 6.9 ± 2.8 EF units; placebo 2.5 ± 1.6 EF units; p = 0.0009), as did stroke volume, cardiac output, and diastolic strain only in the combination-treated animals, which also exhibited increased cardiomyocyte mitotic activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings illustrate that interactions between MSCs and CSCs enhance cardiac performance more than MSCs alone, establish the safety of autologous cell combination strategies, and support the development of second-generation cell therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Karantalis
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Viky Y Suncion-Loescher
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Luiza Bagno
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Samuel Golpanian
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cristina Sanina
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Courtney Premer
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Anthony J Kanelidis
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Frederic McCall
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bo Wang
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Wayne Balkan
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcos Rosado
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Azorides Morales
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos Hatzistergos
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Makoto Natsumeda
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Irene Margitich
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ivonne Hernandez Schulman
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Samirah A Gomes
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Muzammil Mushtaq
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Darcy L DiFede
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joel E Fishman
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Pradip Pattany
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Alan W Heldman
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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15
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Franzin C, Piccoli M, Urbani L, Biz C, Gamba P, De Coppi P, Pozzobon M. Isolation and Expansion of Muscle Precursor Cells from Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsies. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1516:195-204. [PMID: 27032940 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the major issues concerning human skeletal muscle progenitor cells is represented by the efficient isolation and in vitro expansion of cells retaining the ability to proliferate, migrate and differentiate once transplanted. Here we describe a method (1) effective in obtaining human muscle precursor cells both from fresh and frozen biopsies coming from different muscles, (2) selective to yield cells uniformly positive for CD56 and negative for CD34 without FACS sorting, (3) reliable in maintaining proliferative and in vitro differentiative capacity up to passage 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Franzin
- Stem cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Stem cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carlo Biz
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
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16
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Chowdhury SR, Ismail AB, Chee SC, Laupa MSB, Jaffri FB, Mohmad Saberi SE, Hj Idrus RB. One-Step Purification of Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts and Subsequent Expansion Using Laminin-Coated Surface. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:1135-42. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiplu Roy Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Annis binti Ismail
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sia Chye Chee
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Suffian bin Laupa
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fadhlun binti Jaffri
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salfarina Ezrina Mohmad Saberi
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Sohn J, Lu A, Tang Y, Wang B, Huard J. Activation of non-myogenic mesenchymal stem cells during the disease progression in dystrophic dystrophin/utrophin knockout mice. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3814-29. [PMID: 25859011 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic calcification as well as fatty and fibrotic tissue accumulation occurs in skeletal muscle during the disease progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a degenerative muscle disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The cellular origin and the environmental cues responsible for this ectopic calcification, fatty and fibrotic infiltration during the disease progression, however, remain unknown. Based on a previously published preplate technique, we isolated two distinct populations of muscle-derived cells from skeletal muscle: (i) a rapidly adhering cell population, which is non-myogenic, Pax7(-) and express the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha; hence, we termed this population of cells non-myogenic MSCs (nmMSCs); and (ii) a slowly adhering cell population which is Pax7(+) and highly myogenic, termed muscle progenitor cells (MPCs). Previously, we demonstrated that the rapid progression of skeletal muscle histopathologies in dystrophin/utrophin knockout (dys(-/-) utro(-/-) dKO) mice is closely associated with a rapid depletion of the MPC population pool. In the current study, we showed that in contrast to the MPCs, the nmMSCs become activated during the disease progression in dKO mice, displaying increased proliferation and differentiation potentials (adipogenesis, osteogenesis and fibrogenesis). We also found that after co-culturing the dKO-nmMSCs with dKO-MPCs, the myogenic differentiation potential of the dKO-MPCs was reduced. This effect was found to be potentially mediated by the secretion of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 by the dKO-nmMSCs. We therefore posit that the rapid occurrence of fibrosis, ectopic calcification and fat accumulation, in dKO mice, is not only attributable to the rapid depletion of the MPC pool, but is also the consequence of nmMSC activation. Results from this study suggest that approaches to alleviate muscle weakness and wasting in DMD patients should not only target the myogenic MPCs but should also attempt to prevent the activation of the nmMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - Ying Tang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - Bing Wang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Yu R, Haiqing W, Hefei W, Dong L, Xiao W, Yuzhen M, Dongjun L. Biological characteristics of muscle-derived satellite cells isolated from rats at different postnatal days. Cytotechnology 2015; 67:397-408. [PMID: 25805267 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro growth characteristics and differential potential of muscle-derived satellite cells (MDSCs) derived from rats at different postnatal (P) stages, in order to expand the range of source material for tissue engineering. Rat MDSCs were isolated from P5, P10, P15, P21 and P42 rat skeletal muscles using double enzyme digestion and differential adherent culture. Neurogenic, osteogenic and myogenic induction media were used to induce directed differentiation. Differentiated nerve cells, osteoblasts and myotubes were identified by their morphology and immunohistochemical staining. Most cells transformed into spindle-shaped mononuclear cells after 48 h and proliferated rapidly. MDSCs were difficult to isolate from P42 rats. After neurogenesis, four groups MDSCs formed neuron-specific enolase positive polygonal-shaped dendritic cells. After osteogenesis, P5, P10, P15 and P21 MDSCs formed Alizarin red- and osteocalcin-positive bone nodules. After myogenesis, myotubes were formed and were fast muscle myosin-positive. MDSCs derived from P5, P10, P15 and P21 rat skeletal muscle are easy to isolate, culture and amplify in vitro, which increases the range of source material available for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010021, China
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19
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Robin JD, Wright WE, Zou Y, Cossette SC, Lawlor MW, Gussoni E. Isolation and immortalization of patient-derived cell lines from muscle biopsy for disease modeling. J Vis Exp 2015:52307. [PMID: 25651101 DOI: 10.3791/52307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of patient-specific cell lines represents an invaluable tool for diagnostic or translational research, and these cells can be collected from skin or muscle biopsy tissue available during the patient's diagnostic workup. In this protocol, we describe a technique for live cell isolation from small amounts of muscle or skin tissue for primary cell culture. Additionally, we provide a technique for the immortalization of myogenic cell lines and fibroblast cell lines from primary cells. Once cell lines are immortalized, substantial expansion of patient-derived cells can be achieved. Immortalized cells are amenable to many downstream applications, including drug screening and in vitro correction of the genetic mutation. Altogether, these protocols provide a reliable tool to generate and preserve patient-derived cells for downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome D Robin
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Woody E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Yaqun Zou
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health
| | - Stacy C Cossette
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
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20
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Syverud BC, Lee JD, VanDusen KW, Larkin LM. Isolation and Purification of Satellite Cells for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3. [PMID: 26413555 DOI: 10.4172/2325-9620.1000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered skeletal muscle holds promise as a source of graft tissue for the repair of traumatic injuries such as volumetric muscle loss. The resident skeletal muscle stem cell, the satellite cell, has been identified as an ideal progenitor for tissue engineering due to its role as an essential player in the potent skeletal muscle regeneration mechanism. A significant challenge facing tissue engineers, however, is the isolation of sufficiently large satellite cell populations with high purity. The two common isolation techniques, single fiber explant culture and enzymatic dissociation, can yield either a highly pure satellite cell population or a suitably large number or cells but fail to do both simultaneously. As a result, it is often necessary to use a purification technique such as pre-plating or cell sorting to enrich the satellite cell population post-isolation. Furthermore, the absence of complex chemical and biophysical cues influencing the in vivo satellite cell "niche" complicates the culture of isolated satellite cells. Techniques under investigation to maximize myogenic proliferation and differentiation in vitro are described in this article, along with current methods for isolating and purifying satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Syverud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jonah D Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Keith W VanDusen
- Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA ; Department of Molecular and Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Lu A, Poddar M, Tang Y, Proto JD, Sohn J, Mu X, Oyster N, Wang B, Huard J. Rapid depletion of muscle progenitor cells in dystrophic mdx/utrophin-/- mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4786-800. [PMID: 24781208 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients lack dystrophin from birth; however, muscle weakness becomes apparent only at 3-5 years of age, which happens to coincide with the depletion of the muscle progenitor cell (MPC) pools. Indeed, MPCs isolated from older DMD patients demonstrate impairments in myogenic potential. To determine whether the progression of muscular dystrophy is a consequence of the decline in functional MPCs, we investigated two animal models of DMD: (i) dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, the most commonly utilized model of DMD, which has a relatively mild dystrophic phenotype and (ii) dystrophin/utrophin double knock-out (dKO) mice, which display a similar histopathologic phenotype to DMD patients. In contrast to age-matched mdx mice, we observed that both the number and regeneration potential of dKO MPCs rapidly declines during disease progression. This occurred in MPCs at both early and late stages of myogenic commitment. In fact, early MPCs isolated from 6-week-old dKO mice have reductions in proliferation, resistance to oxidative stress and multilineage differentiation capacities compared with age-matched mdx MPCs. This effect may potentially be mediated by fibroblast growth factor overexpression and/or a reduction in telomerase activity. Our results demonstrate that the rapid disease progression in the dKO model is associated, at least in part, with MPC depletion. Therefore, alleviating MPC depletion could represent an approach to delay the onset of the histopathologies associated with DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jonathan D Proto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jihee Sohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Xiaodong Mu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas Oyster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Bellayr IH, Catalano JG, Lababidi S, Yang AX, Lo Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Puri RK. Gene markers of cellular aging in human multipotent stromal cells in culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:59. [PMID: 24780490 PMCID: PMC4055144 DOI: 10.1186/scrt448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow or other tissue sources have great potential to treat a wide range of injuries and disorders in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, MSCs have inherent characteristics to suppress the immune system and are being studied in clinical studies to prevent graft-versus-host disease. MSCs can be expanded in vitro and have potential for differentiation into multiple cell lineages. However, the impact of cell passaging on gene expression and function of the cells has not been determined. Methods Commercially available human MSCs derived from bone marrow from six different donors, grown under identical culture conditions and harvested at cell passages 3, 5, and 7, were analyzed with gene-expression profiling by using microarray technology. Results The phenotype of these cells did not change as reported previously; however, a statistical analysis revealed a set of 78 significant genes that were distinguishable in expression between passages 3 and 7. None of these significant genes corresponded to the markers established by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) for MSC identification. When the significant gene lists were analyzed through pathway analysis, these genes were involved in the top-scoring networks of cellular growth and proliferation and cellular development. A meta-analysis of the literature for significant genes revealed that the MSCs seem to be undergoing differentiation into a senescent cell type when cultured extensively. Consistent with the differences in gene expression at passage 3 and 7, MSCs exhibited a significantly greater potential for cell division at passage 3 in comparison to passage 7. Conclusions Our results identified specific gene markers that distinguish aging MSCs grown in cell culture. Confirmatory studies are needed to correlate these molecular markers with biologic attributes that may facilitate the development of assays to test the quality of MSCs before clinical use.
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Lau AM, Tseng YH, Schulz TJ. Adipogenic fate commitment of muscle-derived progenitor cells: isolation, culture, and differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1213:229-43. [PMID: 25173387 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1453-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle harbors several types of cells, among which a population of progenitors committed to the adipogenic lineage has only recently been identified. Potential sources of white and brown adipocytes, the latter representing a potential target to treat obesity, are of considerable interest to the field. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) provides an elegant strategy for prospective isolation of closely defined cell populations. Here we describe a flow cytometric method to isolate muscle-resident adipogenic progenitor cells with a default potential to undergo white adipogenesis. We further describe an approach to induce commitment to a lineage of brown-like adipocytes upon exposure to bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lau
- Research Group Adipocyte Development, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
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URISH KL, DEASY BM, HUARD J. Automated classification and visualization of fluorescent live cell microscopy images. J Microsc 2013; 249:206-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Lavasani M, Lu A, Thompson SD, Robbins PD, Huard J, Niedernhofer LJ. Isolation of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells based on adhesion characteristics to collagen-coated surfaces. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 976:53-65. [PMID: 23400434 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-317-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our lab developed and optimized a method, known as the modified pre-plate technique, to isolate stem/progenitor cells from skeletal muscle. This method separates different populations of myogenic cells based on their propensity to adhere to a collagen I-coated surface. Based on their surface markers and stem-like properties, including self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and ability to promote tissue regeneration, the last cell fraction or slowest to adhere to the collagen-coated surface (pre-plate 6; pp6) appears to be early, quiescent progenitor cells termed muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs). The cell fractions preceding pp6 (pp1-5) are likely populations of more committed (differentiated) cells, including fibroblast- and myoblast-like cells. This technique may be used to isolate MDSPCs from skeletal muscle of humans or mice regardless of age, sex or disease state, although the yield of MDSPCs varies with age and health. MDSPCs can be used for regeneration of a variety of tissues including bone, articular cartilage, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and nerve. MDSPCs are currently being tested in clinical trials for treatment of urinary incontinence and myocardial infarction. MDSPCs from young mice have also been demonstrated to extend life span and healthspan in mouse models of accelerated aging through an apparent paracrine/endocrine mechanism. Here we detail methods for isolation and characterization of MDSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Lavasani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from adult mouse adipose, muscle, and fetal muscle. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:885-92. [PMID: 23070912 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, increasing evidence supports that adult stem cells are the part of a natural system for tissue growth and repair. This study focused on the differences of mesenchymal stem cells from adult adipose (ADSCs), skeletal muscle (MDSCs) and fetal muscle (FMSCs) in biological characteristics, which is the key to cell therapy success. Stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1) expression of MDSCs and FMSCs at passage 3 was two times more than that at passage 1 (P < 0.0001). After 28-day myogenic induction, higher expression levels of skeletal muscle-specific genes were observed in MDSCs than FMSCs (P < 0.01), and the lowest expression levels were demonstrated in ADSCs among three cells (P < 0.01). Besides, M-Cad and MyHC expressions in ADSCs were not detected by immunofluorescence or real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, after 14 days adipogenic induction, PPARγ2, LPL and aP2 mRNA expressions were higher in ADSCs vs. MDSCs (P < 0.01). Besides, MSCs from adult or fetal muscle expressed higher OCN and OPN than ADSCs after 28 days osteogenic induction (P < 0.01). Taken together, our results suggested that cell source and developmental stage had great impacts on biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells, and proper consideration of all the issues is necessary.
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Meszaros LB, Usas A, Cooper GM, Huard J. Effect of host sex and sex hormones on muscle-derived stem cell-mediated bone formation and defect healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1751-9. [PMID: 22712541 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism, by donor sex, of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. Moreover, host sex differences in the myogenic capacity of MDSCs in vivo are also observed. This study investigated the role of host sex and host sex hormones in MDSC-mediated bone formation and healing. Using unaltered male, castrated male, unaltered female, and ovariectomized female mice, both MDSC-mediated ectopic bone formation and cranial defect healing were examined. Male hosts, whether unaltered or castrated, form significantly larger volumes of MDSC-mediated ectopic bone than female hosts (either unaltered or ovariectomized), and no differences in ectopic bone volume were found between hosts of the same sex. In a cranial defect healing model, similar results were found-unaltered and castrated male hosts display larger volumes of bone formed when compared with unaltered and ovariectomized female hosts. However, in this healing model, some volume differences were found between hosts of the same sex. In both models, these differences were attributed to varying rates of endochondral bone formation in male and female hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Meszaros
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Durgam SS, Stewart AA, Pondenis HC, Gutierrez-Nibeyro SM, Evans RB, Stewart MC. Comparison of equine tendon- and bone marrow-derived cells cultured on tendon matrix with or without insulin-like growth factor-I supplementation. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:153-61. [PMID: 22204302 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare in vitro expansion, explant colonization, and matrix synthesis of equine tendon- and bone marrow-derived cells in response to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) supplementation. SAMPLE Cells isolated from 7 young adult horses. PROCEDURES Tendon- and bone marrow-derived progenitor cells were isolated, evaluated for yield, and cultured on autogenous cell-free tendon matrix for 7 days. Samples were analyzed for cell viability and expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein mRNAs. Collagen and glycosaminoglycan syntheses were quantified over a 24-hour period. RESULTS Tendon- and bone marrow-derived cells required 17 to 19 days of monolayer culture to reach 2 passages. Mean ± SE number of monolayer cells isolated was higher for tendon-derived cells (7.9 ± 0.9 × 10(6)) than for bone marrow-derived cells (1.2 ± 0.1 × 10(6)). Cell numbers after culture for 7 days on acellular tendon matrix were 1.6- to 2.8-fold higher for tendon-derived cells than for bone marrow-derived cells and 0.8- to 1.7-fold higher for IGF-I supplementation than for untreated cells. New collagen and glycosaminoglycan syntheses were significantly greater in tendon-derived cell groups and in IGF-I-supplemented groups. The mRNA concentrations of collagen type I, collagen type III, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein were not significantly different between tendon- and bone marrow-derived groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In vitro results of this study suggested that tendon-derived cells supplemented with IGF-I may offer a useful resource for cell-based strategies in tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha S Durgam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Corona BT, Machingal MA, Criswell T, Vadhavkar M, Dannahower AC, Bergman C, Zhao W, Christ GJ. Further development of a tissue engineered muscle repair construct in vitro for enhanced functional recovery following implantation in vivo in a murine model of volumetric muscle loss injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1213-28. [PMID: 22439962 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) can result from trauma and surgery in civilian and military populations, resulting in irrecoverable functional and cosmetic deficits that cannot be effectively treated with current therapies. Previous work evaluated a bioreactor-based tissue engineering approach in which muscle derived cells (MDCs) were seeded onto bladder acellular matrices (BAM) and mechanically preconditioned. This first generation tissue engineered muscle repair (TEMR) construct exhibited a largely differentiated cellular morphology consisting primarily of myotubes, and moreover, significantly improved functional recovery within 2 months of implantation in a murine latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle with a surgically created VML injury. The present report extends these initial observations to further document the importance of the cellular phenotype and composition of the TEMR construct in vitro to the functional recovery observed following implantation in vivo. To this end, three distinct TEMR constructs were created by seeding MDCs onto BAM as follows: (1) a short-term cellular proliferation of MDCs to generate primarily myoblasts without bioreactor preconditioning (TEMR-1SP), (2) a prolonged cellular differentiation and maturation period that included bioreactor preconditioning (TEMR-1SPD; identical to the first generation TEMR construct), and (3) similar treatment as TEMR-1SPD but with a second application of MDCs during bioreactor preconditioning (TEMR-2SPD); simulating aspects of "exercise" in vitro. Assessment of maximal tetanic force generation on retrieved LD muscles in vitro revealed that TEMR-1SP and TEMR-1SPD constructs promoted either an accelerated (i.e., 1 month) or a prolonged (i.e., 2 month postinjury) functional recovery, respectively, of similar magnitude. Meanwhile, TEMR-2SPD constructs promoted both an accelerated and prolonged functional recovery, resulting in twice the magnitude of functional recovery of either TEMR-1SP or TEMR-1SPD constructs. Histological and molecular analyses indicated that TEMR constructs mediated functional recovery via regeneration of functional muscle fibers either at the interface of the construct and the native tissue or within the BAM scaffolding independent of the native tissue. Taken together these findings are encouraging for the further development and clinical application of TEMR constructs as a VML injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Corona
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries have proved difficult to treat effectively. Cell-based therapies offer the potential to harness the complex protein synthetic machinery of the cell to induce a regenerative response rather than fibrous scarring. This article reviews the current state of play with respect to the clinically used cell preparations for the treatment of tendon and ligaments overstrain injuries.
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Oskouei BN, Lamirault G, Joseph C, Treuer AV, Landa S, Da Silva J, Hatzistergos K, Dauer M, Balkan W, McNiece I, Hare JM. Increased potency of cardiac stem cells compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197758 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas cardiac-derived c-kit(+) stem cells (CSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undergoing clinical trials testing safety and efficacy as a cell-based therapy, the relative therapeutic and biologic efficacy of these two cell types is unknown. We hypothesized that human CSCs have greater ability than MSCs to engraft, differentiate, and improve cardiac function. We compared intramyocardial injection of human fetal CSCs (36,000) with two doses of adult MSCs (36,000 and 1,000,000) or control (phosphate buffered saline) in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency mice after coronary artery ligation. The myocardial infarction-induced enlargement in left ventricular chamber dimensions was ameliorated by CSCs (p < .05 for diastolic and systolic volumes), as was the decline in ejection fraction (EF; p < .05). Whereas 1 × 10(6) MSCs partially ameliorated ventricular remodeling and improved EF to a similar degree as CSCs, 36,000 MSCs did not influence chamber architecture or function. All cell therapies improved myocardial contractility, but CSCs preferentially reduced scar size and reduced vascular afterload. Engraftment and trilineage differentiation was substantially greater with CSCs than with MSCs. Adult-cultured c-kit(+)CSCs were less effective than fetal, but were still more potent than high-dose MSCs. These data demonstrate enhanced CSC engraftment, differentiation, and improved cardiac remodeling and function in ischemic heart failure. MSCs required a 30-fold greater dose than CSCs to improve cardiac function and anatomy. Together, these findings demonstrate a greater potency of CSCs than bone marrow MSCs in cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad N Oskouei
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Mille School of Medicine, University of MIami, Florida 33136, USA
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Park YG, Baek A, Kim S. Isolation of Myoblasts from Muscle Tissue by Preplating. Methods Cell Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405914-6.00018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vella JB, Thompson SD, Bucsek MJ, Song M, Huard J. Murine and human myogenic cells identified by elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity: implications for muscle regeneration and repair. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29226. [PMID: 22195027 PMCID: PMC3240661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the initial promise of myoblast transfer therapy to restore dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, clinical efficacy has been limited, primarily by poor cell survival post-transplantation. Murine muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from slowly adhering cells (SACs) via the preplate technique, induce greater muscle regeneration than murine myoblasts, primarily due to improved post-transplantation survival, which is conferred by their increased stress resistance capacity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) represents a family of enzymes with important morphogenic as well as oxidative damage mitigating roles and has been found to be a marker of stem cells in both normal and malignant tissue. In this study, we hypothesized that elevated ALDH levels could identify murine and human muscle derived cell (hMDC) progenitors, endowed with enhanced stress resistance and muscle regeneration capacity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Skeletal muscle progenitors were isolated from murine and human skeletal muscle by a modified preplate technique and unfractionated enzymatic digestion, respectively. ALDH(hi) subpopulations isolated by fluorescence activate cell sorting demonstrated increased proliferation and myogenic differentiation capacities compared to their ALDH(lo) counterparts when cultivated in oxidative and inflammatory stress media conditions. This behavior correlated with increased intracellular levels of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. ALDH(hi) murine myoblasts were observed to exhibit an increased muscle regenerative potential compared to ALDH(lo) myoblasts, undergo multipotent differentiation (osteogenic and chondrogenic), and were found predominately in the SAC fraction, characteristics that are also observed in murine MDSCs. Likewise, human ALDH(hi) hMDCs demonstrated superior muscle regenerative capacity compared to ALDH(lo) hMDCs. CONCLUSIONS The methodology of isolating myogenic cells on the basis of elevated ALDH activity yielded cells with increased stress resistance, a behavior that conferred increased regenerative capacity of dystrophic murine skeletal muscle. This result demonstrates the critical role of stress resistance in myogenic cell therapy as well as confirms the role of ALDH as a marker for rapid isolation of murine and human myogenic progenitors for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Vella
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seth D. Thompson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Bucsek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Minjung Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowen Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Inhibition of the inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway enhances muscle regeneration in injured and diseased skeletal muscle, but it is unclear exactly how this pathway contributes to the regeneration process. In this study, we examined the role of NF-κB in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). MDSCs isolated from the skeletal muscles of p65(+/-) mice (haploinsufficient for the p65 subunit of NF-κB) had enhanced proliferation and myogenic differentiation compared to MDSCs isolated from wild-type (wt) littermates. In addition, selective pharmacological inhibition of IKKβ, an upstream activator of NF-κB, enhanced wt MDSC differentiation into myotubes in vitro. The p65(+/-) MDSCs also displayed a higher muscle regeneration index than wt MDSCs following implantation into adult mice with muscular dystrophy. Additionally, using a muscle injury model, we observed that p65(+/-) MDSC engraftments were associated with reduced inflammation and necrosis. These results suggest that inhibition of the IKK/NF-κB pathway represents an effective approach to improve the myogenic regenerative potential of MDSCs and possibly other adult stem cell populations. Moreover, our results suggest that the improved muscle regeneration observed following inhibition of IKK/NF-κB, is mediated, at least in part, through enhanced stem cell proliferation and myogenic potential.
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35
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Polystyrene-coated micropallets for culture and separation of primary muscle cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1083-91. [PMID: 22159513 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite identification of a large number of adult stem cell types, current primary cell isolation and identification techniques yield heterogeneous samples, making detailed biological studies challenging. To identify subsets of isolated cells, technologies capable of simultaneous cell culture and cloning are necessary. Micropallet arrays, a new cloning platform for adherent cell types, hold great potential. However, the microstructures composing these arrays are fabricated from an epoxy photoresist 1002F, a growth surface unsuitable for many cell types. Optimization of the microstructures' surface properties was conducted for the culture of satellite cells, primary muscle cells for which improved cell isolation techniques are desired. A variety of surface materials were screened for satellite cell adhesion and proliferation and compared to their optimal substrate, gelatin-coated Petri dishes. A 1-μm thick, polystyrene copolymer was applied to the microstructures by contact printing. A negatively charged copolymer of 5% acrylic acid in 95% styrene was found to be equivalent to the control Petri dishes for cell adhesion and proliferation. Cells cultured on control dishes and optimal copolymer-coated surfaces maintained an undifferentiated state and showed similar mRNA expression for two genes indicative of cell differentiation during a standard differentiation protocol. Experiments using additional contact-printed layers of extracellular matrix proteins collagen and gelatin showed no further improvements. This micropallet coating strategy is readily adaptable to optimize the array surface for other types of primary cells.
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Chirieleison SM, Feduska JM, Schugar RC, Askew Y, Deasy BM. Human muscle-derived cell populations isolated by differential adhesion rates: phenotype and contribution to skeletal muscle regeneration in Mdx/SCID mice. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 18:232-41. [PMID: 21854253 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from murine skeletal tissue by the preplate method have displayed the capability to commit to the myogenic lineage and regenerate more efficiently than myoblasts in skeletal and cardiac muscle in murine Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy mice (mdx). However, until now, these studies have not been translated to human muscle cells. Here, we describe the isolation, by a preplate technique, of candidate human MDSCs, which exhibit myogenic and regenerative characteristics similar to their murine counterparts. Using the preplate isolation method, we compared cells that adhere faster to the flasks, preplate 2 (PP2), and cells that adhere slower, preplate 6 (PP6). The human PP6 cells express several markers of mesenchymal stem cells and are distinct from human PP2 (a myoblast-like population) based on their expression of CD146 and myogenic markers desmin and CD56. After transplantation to the gastrocnemius muscle of mdx/SCID mice, we observe significantly higher levels of PP6 cells participating in muscle regeneration as compared with the transplantation of PP2 cells. This study supports some previous findings related to mouse preplate cells, and also identifies some differences between mouse and human muscle preplate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Chirieleison
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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Popescu LM, Manole E, Serboiu CS, Manole CG, Suciu LC, Gherghiceanu M, Popescu BO. Identification of telocytes in skeletal muscle interstitium: implication for muscle regeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1379-92. [PMID: 21609392 PMCID: PMC4373336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle interstitium is crucial for regulation of blood flow, passage of substances from capillaries to myocytes and muscle regeneration. We show here, probably, for the first time, the presence of telocytes (TCs), a peculiar type of interstitial (stromal) cells, in rat, mouse and human skeletal muscle. TC features include (as already described in other tissues) a small cell body and very long and thin cell prolongations-telopodes (Tps) with moniliform appearance, dichotomous branching and 3D-network distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed close vicinity of Tps with nerve endings, capillaries, satellite cells and myocytes, suggesting a TC role in intercellular signalling (via shed vesicles or exosomes). In situ immunolabelling showed that skeletal muscle TCs express c-kit, caveolin-1 and secrete VEGF. The same phenotypic profile was demonstrated in cell cultures. These markers and TEM data differentiate TCs from both satellite cells (e.g. TCs are Pax7 negative) and fibroblasts (which are c-kit negative). We also described non-satellite (resident) progenitor cell niche. In culture, TCs (but not satellite cells) emerge from muscle explants and form networks suggesting a key role in muscle regeneration and repair, at least after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Popescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
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Rouger K, Larcher T, Dubreil L, Deschamps JY, Le Guiner C, Jouvion G, Delorme B, Lieubeau B, Carlus M, Fornasari B, Theret M, Orlando P, Ledevin M, Zuber C, Leroux I, Deleau S, Guigand L, Testault I, Le Rumeur E, Fiszman M, Chérel Y. Systemic delivery of allogenic muscle stem cells induces long-term muscle repair and clinical efficacy in duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2501-18. [PMID: 21924229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic progressive muscle disease resulting from the lack of dystrophin and without effective treatment. Adult stem cell populations have given new impetus to cell-based therapy of neuromuscular diseases. One of them, muscle-derived stem cells, isolated based on delayed adhesion properties, contributes to injured muscle repair. However, these data were collected in dystrophic mice that exhibit a relatively mild tissue phenotype and clinical features of DMD patients. Here, we characterized canine delayed adherent stem cells and investigated the efficacy of their systemic delivery in the clinically relevant DMD animal model to assess potential therapeutic application in humans. Delayed adherent stem cells, named MuStem cells (muscle stem cells), were isolated from healthy dog muscle using a preplating technique. In vitro, MuStem cells displayed a large expansion capacity, an ability to proliferate in suspension, and a multilineage differentiation potential. Phenotypically, they corresponded to early myogenic progenitors and uncommitted cells. When injected in immunosuppressed dystrophic dogs, they contributed to myofiber regeneration, satellite cell replenishment, and dystrophin expression. Importantly, their systemic delivery resulted in long-term dystrophin expression, muscle damage course limitation with an increased regeneration activity and an interstitial expansion restriction, and persisting stabilization of the dog's clinical status. These results demonstrate that MuStem cells could provide an attractive therapeutic avenue for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Rouger
- INRA, UMR 703 Développement et Pathologie du Tissu Musculaire, Nantes, France.
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Follistatin improves skeletal muscle healing after injury and disease through an interaction with muscle regeneration, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:915-30. [PMID: 21689628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from skeletal muscle injury is often incomplete because of the formation of fibrosis and inadequate myofiber regeneration; therefore, injured muscle could benefit significantly from therapies that both stimulate muscle regeneration and inhibit fibrosis. To this end, we focused on blocking myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and a negative regulator of muscle regeneration, with the myostatin antagonist follistatin. In vivo, follistatin-overexpressing transgenic mice underwent significantly greater myofiber regeneration and had less fibrosis formation compared with wild-type mice after skeletal muscle injury. Follistatin's mode of action is likely due to its ability to block myostatin and enhance neovacularization. Furthermore, muscle progenitor cells isolated from follistatin-overexpressing mice were significantly superior to muscle progenitors isolated from wild-type mice at regenerating dystrophin-positive myofibers when transplanted into the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mdx/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. In vitro, follistatin stimulated myoblasts to express MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin, which are myogenic transcription factors that promote myogenic differentiation. Moreover, follistatin's ability to enhance muscle differentiation is at least partially due to its ability to block myostatin, activin A, and transforming growth factor-β1, all of which are negative regulators of muscle cell differentiation. The findings of this study suggest that follistatin is a promising agent for improving skeletal muscle healing after injury and muscle diseases, such as the muscular dystrophies.
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Meng J, Adkin CF, Xu SW, Muntoni F, Morgan JE. Contribution of human muscle-derived cells to skeletal muscle regeneration in dystrophic host mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17454. [PMID: 21408080 PMCID: PMC3052358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell transplantation is a promising potential therapy for muscular dystrophies, but for this purpose, the cells need to be systemically-deliverable, give rise to many muscle fibres and functionally reconstitute the satellite cell niche in the majority of the patient's skeletal muscles. Human skeletal muscle-derived pericytes have been shown to form muscle fibres after intra-arterial transplantation in dystrophin-deficient host mice. Our aim was to replicate and extend these promising findings. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Isolation and maintenance of human muscle derived cells (mdcs) was performed as published for human pericytes. Mdscs were characterized by immunostaining, flow cytometry and RT-PCR; also, their ability to differentiate into myotubes in vitro and into muscle fibres in vivo was assayed. Despite minor differences between human mdcs and pericytes, mdscs contributed to muscle regeneration after intra-muscular injection in mdx nu/nu mice, the CD56+ sub-population being especially myogenic. However, in contrast to human pericytes delivered intra-arterially in mdx SCID hosts, mdscs did not contribute to muscle regeneration after systemic delivery in mdx nu/nu hosts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data complement and extend previous findings on human skeletal muscle-derived stem cells, and clearly indicate that further work is necessary to prepare pure cell populations from skeletal muscle that maintain their phenotype in culture and make a robust contribution to skeletal muscle regeneration after systemic delivery in dystrophic mouse models. Small differences in protocols, animal models or outcome measurements may be the reason for differences between our findings and previous data, but nonetheless underline the need for more detailed studies on muscle-derived stem cells and independent replication of results before use of such cells in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Meng
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl F. Adkin
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shi-wen Xu
- Centre for Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University College London - Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Morgan
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Steinert AF, Kunz M, Prager P, Barthel T, Jakob F, Nöth U, Murray MM, Evans CH, Porter RM. Mesenchymal stem cell characteristics of human anterior cruciate ligament outgrowth cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1375-88. [PMID: 21247268 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When ruptured, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the human knee has limited regenerative potential. However, the goal of this report was to show that the cells that migrate out of the human ACL constitute a rich population of progenitor cells and we hypothesize that they display mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics when compared with adherent cells derived from bone marrow or collagenase digests from ACL. We show that ACL outgrowth cells are adherent, fibroblastic cells with a surface immunophenotype strongly positive for cluster of differentiation (CD)29, CD44, CD49c, CD73, CD90, CD97, CD105, CD146, and CD166, weakly positive for CD106 and CD14, but negative for CD11c, CD31, CD34, CD40, CD45, CD53, CD74, CD133, CD144, and CD163. Staining for STRO-1 was seen by immunohistochemistry but not flow cytometry. Under suitable culture conditions, the ACL outgrowth-derived MSCs differentiated into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes and showed capacity to self-renew in an in vitro assay of ligamentogenesis. MSCs derived from collagenase digests of ACL tissue and human bone marrow were analyzed in parallel and displayed similar, but not identical, properties. In situ staining of the ACL suggests that the MSCs reside both aligned with the collagenous matrix of the ligament and adjacent to small blood vessels. We conclude that the cells that emigrate from damaged ACLs are MSCs and that they have the potential to provide the basis for a superior, biological repair of this ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Steinert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany.
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Yokota T, Hoffman E, Takeda S. Antisense oligo-mediated multiple exon skipping in a dog model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 709:299-312. [PMID: 21194037 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-982-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exon skipping is currently one of the most promising molecular therapies for Duchenne muscular -dystrophy (DMD). We have recently developed multiple exon skipping targeting exons 6 and 8 in -dystrophin mRNA of canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (CXMD), an animal model of DMD, which exhibits severe dystrophic phenotype in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscle. We have induced efficient exon skipping both in vitro and in vivo by using cocktail antisense 2'O-methyl oligonucleotides (2'OMePS) and cocktail phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (morpholinos, or PMOs) and ameliorated phenotype of dystrophic dogs by systemic injections. The multiple exon skipping (double exon skipping) shown here provides the prospect of choosing deletions that optimize the functionality of the truncated dystrophin protein for DMD patients by using a common cocktail that could be validated as a single drug and also potentially applicable for more than 90% of DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yokota
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
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In vivo biocompatibility study of electrospun chitosan microfiber for tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4140-8. [PMID: 21152326 PMCID: PMC2996788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined the biocompatibility of electrospun chitosan microfibers as a scaffold. The chitosan microfibers showed a three-dimensional pore structure by SEM. The chitosan microfibers supported attachment and viability of rat muscle-derived stem cells (rMDSCs). Subcutaneous implantation of the chitosan microfibers demonstrated that implantation of rMDSCs containing chitosan microfibers induced lower host tissue responses with decreased macrophage accumulation than did the chitosan microfibers alone, probably due to the immunosuppression of the transplanted rMDSCs. Our results collectively show that chitosan microfibers could serve as a biocompatible in vivo scaffold for rMDSCs in rats.
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Clause KC, Tinney JP, Liu LJ, Gharaibeh B, Huard J, Kirk JA, Shroff SG, Fujimoto KL, Wagner WR, Ralphe JC, Keller BB, Tobita K. A three-dimensional gel bioreactor for assessment of cardiomyocyte induction in skeletal muscle-derived stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:375-85. [PMID: 19601695 PMCID: PMC2945363 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, it remains to be investigated whether differentiated CMs contract similar to native CMs. Here, we developed a three-dimensional collagen gel bioreactor (3DGB) that induces a working CM phenotype from MDSCs, and the contractile properties are directly measured as an engineered cardiac tissue. Neonate rat MDSCs were isolated from hind-leg muscles via the preplate technique. Isolated MDSCs were approximately 60% positive to Sca-1 and negative to CD34, CD45, or c-kit antigens. We sorted Sca-1(-) MDSCs and constructed MDSC-3DGBs by mixing MDSCs with acid soluble rat tail collagen type-I and matrix factors. MDSC-3DGB exhibited spontaneous cyclic contraction by culture day 7. MDSC-3DGB expressed cardiac-specific genes and proteins. Histological assessment revealed that cardiac-specific troponin-T and -I expressed in a typical striation pattern and connexin-43 was expressed similar to the native fetal ventricular papillary muscle. beta-Adrenergic stimulation increased MDSC-3DGB spontaneous beat frequency. MDSC-3DGB generated contractile force and intracellular calcium ion transients similar to engineered cardiac tissue from native cardiac cells. Results suggest that MDSC-3DGB induces a working CM phenotype in MDSCs and is a useful 3D culture system to directly assess the contractile properties of differentiated CMs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Clause
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph P. Tinney
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Li J. Liu
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Burhan Gharaibeh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan A. Kirk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjeev G. Shroff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kazuro L. Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William R. Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John C. Ralphe
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley B. Keller
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Cardiovascular Development Research Program, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Wu X, Wang S, Chen B, An X. Muscle-derived stem cells: isolation, characterization, differentiation, and application in cell and gene therapy. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 340:549-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-0978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Endoscopic injection of skeletal muscle-derived cells augments gut smooth muscle sphincter function: implications for a novel therapeutic approach. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70:1231-7. [PMID: 19647239 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sphincter function is a common problem in gastroenterology and leads to disorders such as GERD and fecal incontinence. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that transplantation of skeletal muscle-derived cells (MDCs) into GI sphincters may improve their function, leading to a more physiological approach to treating these disorders. DESIGN We performed experiments to test the potential of MDCs to survive and differentiate within the GI smooth muscle in order to gain further knowledge on the biology of skeletal muscle transplantation in GI smooth muscle sphincters as well as to test the safety and feasibility of endoscopic injection of MDCs in a large animal model. SETTING Animal laboratory. INTERVENTIONS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and adult male beagle dogs were used. Rat-derived and dog-derived MDCs were prepared in vitro and labeled with DiI. DiI-labeled, rat-derived MDCs (200,000/4 muL phosphate buffered saline solution) were injected bilaterally in the pyloric wall of rats, and survival, differentiation, and in vitro contractility were assessed 1 month after transplantation. Dog-derived MDCs (4.0 x 10(6) cells) were also injected into the lower esophageal sphincter of 3 beagle dogs by using a standard variceal sclerotherapy needle after baseline esophageal manometry and pH monitoring. The dogs were treated with daily cyclosporine, and 2 weeks later esophageal manometry was repeated and the esophagus was examined histologically. Differentiation of grafted cells was assessed by immunofluorescence, using specific antibodies to markers of the smooth muscle phenotype (smooth muscle actin) and of the skeletal muscle phenotype (skeletal muscle myosin). RESULTS In rats, grafted MDCs were visualized based on DiI fluorescence and were found to be localized within the muscle wall and in the muscularis mucosa. In vitro organ bath studies showed a significant increase in the contractile response of the pyloric sphincter to exogenous acetylcholine. In dogs, MDC injection resulted in a significant increase in baseline lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Further, in 1 dog with significant baseline acid reflux, MDC injection resulted in a reduction of acid reflux, with the fraction of time with pH <4 decreasing from 26.5% to 1.5%. Transplanted MDCs were seen adding bulk to the lower esophageal area and were well-integrated into the surrounding tissue. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed weak expression of skeletal muscle myosin in grafted MDCs and no expression of smooth muscle actin in either rats or dogs. LIMITATIONS Animal study. CONCLUSION MDCs can survive and integrate into GI smooth muscle and augment their contractile response. Thus, they may have potential for the treatment of a variety of conditions.
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Yokota T, Lu QL, Partridge T, Kobayashi M, Nakamura A, Takeda S, Hoffman E. Efficacy of systemic morpholino exon-skipping in Duchenne dystrophy dogs. Ann Neurol 2009; 65:667-76. [PMID: 19288467 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the inability to produce dystrophin protein at the myofiber membrane. A method to rescue dystrophin production by antisense oligonucleotides, termed exon-skipping, has been reported for the mdx mouse and in four DMD patients by local intramuscular injection. We sought to test efficacy and toxicity of intravenous oligonucleotide (morpholino)-induced exon skipping in the DMD dog model. METHODS We tested a series of antisense drugs singly and as cocktails, both in primary cell culture, and two in vivo delivery methods (intramuscular injection and systemic intravenous injection). The efficiency and efficacy of multiexon skipping (exons 6-9) were tested at the messenger RNA, protein, histological, and clinical levels. RESULTS Weekly or biweekly systemic intravenous injections with a three-morpholino cocktail over the course of 5 to 22 weeks induced therapeutic levels of dystrophin expression throughout the body, with an average of about 26% normal levels. This was accompanied by reduced inflammatory signals examined by magnetic resonance imaging and histology, improved or stabilized timed running tests, and clinical symptoms. Blood tests indicated no evidence of toxicity. INTERPRETATION This is the first report of widespread rescue of dystrophin expression to therapeutic levels in the dog model of DMD. This study also provides a proof of concept for systemic multiexon-skipping therapy. Use of cocktails of morpholino, as shown here, allows broader application of this approach to a greater proportion of DMD patients (90%) and also offers the prospect of selecting deletions that optimize the functionality of the dystrophin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yokota
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Becher UM, Breitbach M, Sasse P, Garbe S, van der Ven PFM, Fürst DO, Fleischmann BK. Enrichment and terminal differentiation of striated muscle progenitors in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2741-51. [PMID: 19615359 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment and terminal differentiation of mammalian striated muscle cells is severely hampered by fibroblast overgrowth, de-differentiation and/or lack of functional differentiation. Herein we report a new, reproducible and simple method to enrich and terminally differentiate muscle stem cells and progenitors from mice and humans. We show that a single gamma irradiation of muscle cells induces their massive differentiation into structurally and functionally intact myotubes and cardiomyocytes and that these cells can be kept in culture for many weeks. Similar results are also obtained when treating skeletal muscle-derived stem cells and progenitors with Mitomycin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich M Becher
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Stewart AA, Barrett JG, Byron CR, Yates AC, Durgam SS, Evans RB, Stewart MC. Comparison of equine tendon-, muscle-, and bone marrow-derived cells cultured on tendon matrix. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:750-7. [PMID: 19496665 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.6.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare viability and biosynthetic capacities of cells isolated from equine tendon, muscle, and bone marrow grown on autogenous tendon matrix. SAMPLE POPULATION Cells from 4 young adult horses. PROCEDURES Cells were isolated, expanded, and cultured on autogenous cell-free tendon matrix for 7 days. Samples were analyzed for cell viability, proteoglycan synthesis, collagen synthesis, and mRNA expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). RESULTS Tendon- and muscle-derived cells required less time to reach confluence (approx 2 weeks) than did bone marrow-derived cells (approx 3 to 4 weeks); there were fewer bone marrow-derived cells at confluence than the other 2 cell types. More tendon- and muscle-derived cells were attached to matrices after 7 days than were bone marrow-derived cells. Collagen and proteoglycan synthesis by tendon- and muscle-derived cells was significantly greater than synthesis by bone marrow-derived cells. On a per-cell basis, tendon-derived cells had more collagen synthesis, although this was not significant. Collagen type I mRNA expression was similar among groups. Tendon-derived cells expressed the highest amounts of collagen type III and COMP mRNAs, although the difference for COMP was not significant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tendon- and muscle-derived cells yielded greater cell culture numbers in shorter time and, on a per-cell basis, had comparable biosynthetic assays to bone marrow-derived cells. More in vitro experiments with higher numbers may determine whether tendon-derived cells are a useful resource for tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Abstract
Both skeletal muscle and bone marrow tissue contain myogenic stem cells. The population residing in muscles is heterogenic. Predominant in number are "typical" satellite cells - muscle progenitors migrating from somites during embryonic life. Another population is group of multipotent muscle stem cells which, at least in part, are derived from bone marrow. These cells are tracked by gradient of growth factors releasing from muscle during injury or exercise. Recruited bone marrow-derived cells gradually change their phenotype becoming muscle stem cells and eventually can attain satellite cell position and express Pax7 protein. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated directly from bone marrow also display myogenic potential, although methods of induction of myogenic differentiation in vitro have not been optimized yet. Concerning efforts of exploiting myogenic stem cells in cell-mediated therapies it is important to understand the cause of impaired regenerative potential of aged muscle. Up to now, most of research data suggest that majority of age related changes in skeletal muscles are reversible, thus depending on extrinsic factors. However, irreversible intrinsic features of muscle stem cells are also taken into consideration.
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