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Ishii H, Minegishi K, Nagatsu K, Nengaki N, Zhang MR. Novel synthesis of 11C-labeled imidazolines via Pd(0)-mediated 11C-carbomethoxylation using [ 11C]CO and arylborons. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:227-234. [PMID: 37957035 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A labeling technique was developed for the imidazoline I2 receptor ligand 2-(3-fluoro-tolyl)-4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (FTIMD) using Pd(0)-mediated 11C-carbomethoxylation with [11C]CO, followed by imidazoline ring formation with ethylenediamine-trimethylaluminium (EDA-AlMe3). To achieve this, [11C]CO was passed through a methanol (MeOH) solution containing 3-fluoro-4-methylphenylboronic acid (1), palladium (II) acetate (Pd [OAc]2), triphenylphosphine (PPh3), and p-benzoquinone (PBQ). The mixture was then heated at 65°C for 5 min. EDA was introduced into the reaction mixture, and MeOH was completely evaporated at temperatures exceeding 100°C. The dried reaction mixture was combined with an EDA-AlMe (1:1) toluene solution and heated at 145°C for 10 min. Portions of the reaction mixture were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography, resulting in [11C]FTIMD with 26% (n = 2) decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY). This method could be utilized for various arylborons to produce [2-11C]imidazolines 4a-h with RCYs ranging from low to moderate. Notably, [2-11C]benazoline was obtained with a moderate RCY of 65%. The proposed technique serves as an alternative to the Grignard method, which uses [11C]CO to generate a [2-11C]-labeled imidazoline ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Ostojić M, Đurić A, Živić K, Grahovac J. Analysis of the nischarin expression across human tumor types reveals its context-dependent role and a potential as a target for drug repurposing in oncology. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299685. [PMID: 38781180 PMCID: PMC11115306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nischarin was reported to be a tumor suppressor that plays a critical role in breast cancer initiation and progression, and a positive prognostic marker in breast, ovarian and lung cancers. Our group has found that nischarin had positive prognostic value in female melanoma patients, but negative in males. This opened up a question whether nischarin has tumor type-specific and sex-dependent roles in cancer progression. In this study, we systematically examined in the public databases the prognostic value of nischarin in solid tumors, regulation of its expression and associated signaling pathways. We also tested the effects of a nischarin agonist rilmenidine on cancer cell viability in vitro. Nischarin expression was decreased in tumors compared to the respective healthy tissues, most commonly due to the deletions of the nischarin gene and promoter methylation. Unlike in healthy tissues where it was located in the cytoplasm and at the membrane, in tumor tissues nischarin could also be observed in the nuclei, implying that nuclear translocation may also account for its cancer-specific role. Surprisingly, in several cancer types high nischarin expression was a negative prognostic marker. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that in tumors in which high nischarin expression was a negative prognostic marker, signaling pathways that regulate stemness were enriched. In concordance with the findings that nischarin expression was negatively associated with pathways that control cancer growth and progression, nischarin agonist rilmenidine decreased the viability of cancer cells in vitro. Taken together, our study lays a ground for functional studies of nischarin in a context-dependent manner and, given that nischarin has several clinically approved agonists, provides rationale for their repurposing, at least in tumors in which nischarin is predicted to be a positive prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ostojić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Đurić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Živić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Grahovac
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Han X, Yang ZF, Zhao TY, Lu GY, Wang ZY, Wu N, Li J, Li F. Regulation of I1-imidazoline receptors on the sedation effect of dexmedetomidine in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02991-2. [PMID: 38363351 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine has been used as a sedative drug in the clinic for a long time. Many studies demonstrated that the sedative mechanism of dexmedetomidine might be related to the activation of α2-adrenoceptor (α2AR). In addition, it was reported that dexmedetomidine had some affinity for the I1-imidazoline receptor (I1R); however, the role of I1R in dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effects and its possible mechanism are poorly studied. In the present study, we found that agmatine, an I1R agonist, was able to enhance the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine in mice. Efaroxan, an α2AR and I1R antagonist, could prevent and rescue the sedative action of dexmedetomidine in mice, and its preventive effect was better than atipamezole, the specific α2AR antagonist. Knockout of imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS), the functional I1R candidate protein, suppressed the dexmedetomidine-induced sedation. Moreover, IRAS knockout led to the inhibition of agmatine and efaroxan in regulating dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effects in mice, but not of atipamezole. We then used CHO cell lines that stably expressed α2AR and IRAS to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of IRAS in regulating the dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effect. The results showed that IRAS expression significantly up-regulated dexmedetomidine-induced ERK phosphorylation, which was enhanced by agmatine and inhibited by efaroxan at low concentrations. Therefore, by taking advantage of pharmacological and genetic approaches, our finding revealed the evidence that IRAS plays an important role in the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, and the ERK signal pathway may be involved in the mechanism of IRAS in regulating dexmedetomidine-induced sedation. This study may offer valuable insights for the advancement of novel anesthetic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tai-Yun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guan-Yi Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Zheng P, Pan C, Zhou C, Liu B, Wang L, Duan S, Ding Y. Contribution of Nischarin/IRAS in CNS development, injury and diseases. J Adv Res 2023; 54:43-57. [PMID: 36716956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine Nischarin and its human homolog IRAS are scaffold proteins highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Nischarin was initially discovered as a tumor suppressor protein, and recent studies have also explored its potential value in the CNS. Research on IRAS has largely focused on its effect on opioid dependence. Although the role of Nischarin/IRAS in the physiological function and pathological process of the CNS has gradually attracted attention and the related research results are expected to be applied in clinical practice, there is no systematic review of the role and mechanisms of Nischarin/IRAS in the CNS so far. AIM OF REVIEW This review will systematically analyze the role and mechanism of Nischarin/IRAS in the CNS, and provide necessary references and possible targets for the treatment of neurological diseases, thereby broadening the direction of Nischarin/IRAS research and facilitating clinical translation. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The pathophysiological processes affected by dysregulation of Nischarin/IRAS expression in the CNS are mainly introduced, including spinal cord injury (SCI), opioid dependence, anxiety, depression, and autism. The molecular mechanisms such as factors regulating Nischarin/IRAS expression and signal transduction pathways regulated by Nischarin/IRAS are systematically summarized. Finally, the clinical application of Nischarin/IRAS has been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chenshu Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chuntao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yuemin Ding
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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5
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Ostojić M, Jevrić M, Mitrović-Ajtić O, Živić K, Tanić M, Čavić M, Srdić-Rajić T, Grahovac J. Nischarin expression may have differing roles in male and female melanoma patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1001-1014. [PMID: 37382661 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to the development of resistance to previously effective therapies, there is a constant need for novel treatment modalities for metastatic melanoma. Nischarin (NISCH) is a druggable scaffolding protein reported as a tumor suppressor and a positive prognostic marker in breast and ovarian cancers through regulation of cancer cell survival, motility and invasion. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and potential role of nischarin in melanoma. We found that nischarin expression was decreased in melanoma tissues compared to the uninvolved skin, and this was attributed to the presence of microdeletions and hyper-methylation of the NISCH promoter in the tumor tissue. In addition to the previously reported cytoplasmic and membranous localization, we observed nischarin in the nuclei in melanoma patients' tissues. NISCH expression in primary melanoma had favorable prognostic value for female patients, but, unexpectedly, high NISCH expression predicted worse prognosis for males. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested significant sex-related disparities in predicted association of NISCH with several signaling pathways, as well as with different tumor immune infiltrate composition in male and female patients. Taken together, our results imply that nischarin may have a role in melanoma progression, but that fine-tuning of the pathways it regulates is sex-dependent. KEY MESSAGES: Nischarin is a tumor suppressor whose role has not been investigated in melanoma. Nischarin expression was downregulated in melanoma tissue compared to the normal skin. Nischarin had the opposite prognostic value in male and female melanoma patients. Nischarin association with signaling pathways differed in females and males. Our findings challenge the current view of nischarin as a universal tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ostojić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marko Jevrić
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrović-Ajtić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, Dr Subotića 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Kristina Živić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Miljana Tanić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Čavić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srdić-Rajić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Grahovac
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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6
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Cao DN, Li F, Wu N, Li J. Insights into the mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder and potential treatment strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:862-878. [PMID: 34128238 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden. Strategies for treating opioid use disorder can be divided into those that target the opioid receptor system and those that target non-opioid receptor systems, including the dopamine and glutamate receptor systems. Currently, the clinical drugs used to treat opioid use disorder include the opioid receptor agonists methadone and buprenorphine, which are limited by their abuse liability, and the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone, which is limited by poor compliance. Therefore, the development of effective medications with lower abuse liability and better potential for compliance is urgently needed. Based on recent advances in the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder, potential treatment strategies and targets have emerged. This review focuses on the progress made in identifying potential targets and developing medications to treat opioid use disorder, including progress made by our laboratory, and provides insights for future medication development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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7
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Bennett DF, Goyala A, Statzer C, Beckett CW, Tyshkovskiy A, Gladyshev VN, Ewald CY, de Magalhães JP. Rilmenidine extends lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans via a nischarin I1-imidazoline receptor. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13774. [PMID: 36670049 PMCID: PMC9924948 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing drugs capable of extending lifespan and health span has a huge untapped potential in translational geroscience. Here, we searched for known compounds that elicit a similar gene expression signature to caloric restriction and identified rilmenidine, an I1-imidazoline receptor agonist and prescription medication for the treatment of hypertension. We then show that treating Caenorhabditis elegans with rilmenidine at young and older ages increases lifespan. We also demonstrate that the stress-resilience, health span, and lifespan benefits of rilmenidine treatment in C. elegans are mediated by the I1-imidazoline receptor nish-1, implicating this receptor as a potential longevity target. Consistent with the shared caloric-restriction-mimicking gene signature, supplementing rilmenidine to calorically restricted C. elegans, genetic reduction of TORC1 function, or rapamycin treatment did not further increase lifespan. The rilmenidine-induced longevity required the transcription factors FOXO/DAF-16 and NRF1,2,3/SKN-1. Furthermore, we find that autophagy, but not AMPK signaling, was needed for rilmenidine-induced longevity. Moreover, transcriptional changes similar to caloric restriction were observed in liver and kidney tissues in mice treated with rilmenidine. Together, these results reveal a geroprotective and potential caloric restriction mimetic effect by rilmenidine that warrant fresh lines of inquiry into this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic F. Bennett
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing GroupInstitute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Anita Goyala
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix RegenerationInstitute of Translational Medicine, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Cyril Statzer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix RegenerationInstitute of Translational Medicine, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Charles W. Beckett
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing GroupInstitute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical BiologyMoscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix RegenerationInstitute of Translational Medicine, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing GroupInstitute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK,Present address:
Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
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8
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Li S, Zhang XQ, Liu CC, Wang ZY, Lu GY, Shen HW, Wu N, Li J, Li F. IRAS/Nischarin modulates morphine reward by glutamate receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens of mouse brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Arnoux A, Aubertin G, Da Silva S, Weiss M, Bousquet P, Monassier L, Niederhoffer N. Nischarin Is Not the Functional I1 Imidazoline Receptor Involved in Blood Pressure Regulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:229-234. [PMID: 35485584 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Imidazoline receptor antisera selected/Nischarin was proposed several years ago as the functional entity for the I1 medullary receptors (I1Rs) targeted, together with α2-adrenoceptors, by the centrally acting antihypertensive drugs, such as clonidine. The objective of this study was to test this assumption using a pyrroline analog of clonidine, LNP599, which, unlike clonidine and related compounds, displays high selectivity toward I1Rs. Cardiovascular effects of LNP599 (3 mg/kg intravenous) were evaluated in anesthetized, artificially ventilated nischarin mutant rats expressing a truncated form of nischarin lacking the putative imidazoline binding site. LNP599 induced a rapid and pronounced fall in arterial blood pressure in wild-type animals (-42.7% ± 11.0% after 15 minutes), associated with a ≈30% heart rate reduction. Similar effects were obtained in homozygous and heterozygous nischarin mutant rats. The observation that the hypotensive response to I1R activation is not affected by the absence of the putative imidazoline binding site on nischarin strongly suggests that nischarin cannot be regarded as the functional I1R. Carbohydrate regulation was improved in nischarin mutant rats, further supporting the conclusion that nischarin and I1R are 2 distinct molecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Arnoux
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie NeuroCardiovasculaire-UR7296, CRBS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, France
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10
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Bousquet P, Hudson A, García-Sevilla JA, Li JX. Imidazoline Receptor System: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:50-79. [PMID: 31819014 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.016311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazoline receptors historically referred to a family of nonadrenergic binding sites that recognize compounds with an imidazoline moiety, although this has proven to be an oversimplification. For example, none of the proposed endogenous ligands for imidazoline receptors contain an imidazoline moiety but they are diverse in their chemical structure. Three receptor subtypes (I1, I2, and I3) have been proposed and the understanding of each has seen differing progress over the decades. I1 receptors partially mediate the central hypotensive effects of clonidine-like drugs. Moxonidine and rilmenidine have better therapeutic profiles (fewer side effects) than clonidine as antihypertensive drugs, thought to be due to their higher I1/α 2-adrenoceptor selectivity. Newer I1 receptor agonists such as LNP599 [3-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-2-yl)-amine hydrochloride] have little to no activity on α 2-adrenoceptors and demonstrate promising therapeutic potential for hypertension and metabolic syndrome. I2 receptors associate with several distinct proteins, but the identities of these proteins remain elusive. I2 receptor agonists have demonstrated various centrally mediated effects including antinociception and neuroprotection. A new I2 receptor agonist, CR4056 [2-phenyl-6-(1H-imidazol-1yl) quinazoline], demonstrated clear analgesic activity in a recently completed phase II clinical trial and holds great promise as a novel I2 receptor-based first-in-class nonopioid analgesic. The understanding of I3 receptors is relatively limited. Existing data suggest that I3 receptors may represent a binding site at the Kir6.2-subtype ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells and may be involved in insulin secretion. Despite the elusive nature of their molecular identities, recent progress on drug discovery targeting imidazoline receptors (I1 and I2) demonstrates the exciting potential of these compounds to elicit neuroprotection and to treat various disorders such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bousquet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Alan Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
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Small Molecule Targets TMED9 and Promotes Lysosomal Degradation to Reverse Proteinopathy. Cell 2020; 178:521-535.e23. [PMID: 31348885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of misfolded proteins causes toxic proteinopathies, diseases without targeted therapies. Mucin 1 kidney disease (MKD) results from a frameshift mutation in the MUC1 gene (MUC1-fs). Here, we show that MKD is a toxic proteinopathy. Intracellular MUC1-fs accumulation activated the ATF6 unfolded protein response (UPR) branch. We identified BRD4780, a small molecule that clears MUC1-fs from patient cells, from kidneys of knockin mice and from patient kidney organoids. MUC1-fs is trapped in TMED9 cargo receptor-containing vesicles of the early secretory pathway. BRD4780 binds TMED9, releases MUC1-fs, and re-routes it for lysosomal degradation, an effect phenocopied by TMED9 deletion. Our findings reveal BRD4780 as a promising lead for the treatment of MKD and other toxic proteinopathies. Generally, we elucidate a novel mechanism for the entrapment of misfolded proteins by cargo receptors and a strategy for their release and anterograde trafficking to the lysosome.
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Djikic T, Vucicevic J, Laurila J, Radi M, Veljkovic N, Xhaard H, Nikolic K. Deciphering Imidazoline Off‐targets by Fishing in the Class A of GPCR field. Mol Inform 2020; 39:e1900165. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Djikic
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Belgrade Vojvode Stepe 450 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelica Vucicevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Belgrade Vojvode Stepe 450 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jonne Laurila
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Turku Finland
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di Parma Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Nevena Veljkovic
- Laboratory for bioinformatics and computational chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VincaUniversity of Belgrade Mihaila Petrovica Alasa 14 11001 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Helsinki P.O. Box 56 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Belgrade Vojvode Stepe 450 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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Vellani V, Sabatini C, Milia C, Caselli G, Lanza M, Letari O, Rovati LC, Giacomoni C. CR4056, a powerful analgesic imidazoline-2 receptor ligand, inhibits the inflammation-induced PKCε phosphorylation and membrane translocation in sensory neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:48-64. [PMID: 31454418 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CR4056 is a first-in-class imidazoline-2 (I2 ) receptor ligand characterized by potent analgesic activity in different experimental animal models of pain. In a recent phase II clinical trial, CR4056 effectively reduced pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CR4056 on PKCε translocation in vitro and on PKCε activation in vivo in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of CR4056 on bradykinin-induced PKCε translocation were studied in rat sensory neurons by immunocytochemistry. PKCε activation was investigated by immunohistochemistry analysis of DRG from complete Freund's adjuvant-treated animals developing local hyperalgesia. The analgesic activity of CR4056 was tested on the same animals. KEY RESULTS CR4056 inhibited PKCε translocation with very rapid and long-lasting activity. CR4056 decreased hyperalgesia and phospho-PKCε immunoreactivity in the DRG neurons innervating the inflamed paw. The effect of CR4056 on PKCε translocation was blocked by pertussis toxin, implying that the intracellular pathways involved Gi proteins. The inhibition of PKCε translocation by CR4056 was independent of the α2 -adrenoeceptor and, surprisingly, was also independent of idazoxan-sensitive I2 binding sites. The I2 agonist 2BFI had no effect alone but potentiated the activity of low concentrations of CR4056. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that CR4056 shares the ability to inhibit PKCε translocation with other analgesics. Whether the inhibition of PKCε involves binding to specific subtype(s) of I2 receptors should be further investigated. If so, this would be a new mode of action of a highly specific I2 receptor ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Vellani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Sabatini
- Rottapharm Biotech, Monza, Italy.,PhD Program in Neuroscience, Dipartimento di Medicina e chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Milia
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Dipartimento di Medicina e chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Giacomoni
- Dipartimento di Economia, Scienze e Diritto, Università degli Studi della Repubblica di San Marino, San Marino
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Disturbance of I1-imidazoline receptor signal transduction in cardiomyocytes of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Gagliuso AH, Chapman EK, Martinelli GP, Holstein GR. Vestibular neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus in the rat. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:512-524. [PMID: 31166818 PMCID: PMC6734410 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00082.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterograde and retrograde tract tracing were combined with neurotransmitter and modulator immunolabeling to identify the chemical anatomy of vestibular nuclear neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus in rats. Direct, sparsely branched but highly varicose axonal projections from neurons in the caudal vestibular nuclei to the solitary nucleus were observed. The vestibular neurons giving rise to these projections were predominantly located in ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus. The cell bodies were intensely glutamate immunofluorescent, and their axonal processes contained vesicular glutamate transporter 2, supporting the interpretation that the cells utilize glutamate for neurotransmission. The glutamate-immunofluorescent, retrogradely filled vestibular cells also contained the neuromodulator imidazoleacetic acid ribotide, which is an endogenous CNS ligand that participates in blood pressure regulation. The vestibulo-solitary neurons were encapsulated by axo-somatic GABAergic terminals, suggesting that they are under tight inhibitory control. The results establish a chemoanatomical basis for transient vestibular activation of the output pathways from the caudal and intermediate regions of the solitary nucleus. In this way, changes in static head position and movement of the head in space may directly influence heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, as well as gastrointestinal motility. This would provide one anatomical explanation for the synchronous heart rate and blood pressure responses observed after peripheral vestibular activation, as well as disorders ranging from neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and vasovagal syncope to the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vestibular neurons with direct projections to the solitary nucleus utilize glutamate for neurotransmission, modulated by imidazoleacetic acid ribotide. This is the first direct demonstration of the chemical neuroanatomy of the vestibulo-solitary pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia H Gagliuso
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emily K Chapman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Giorgio P Martinelli
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gay R Holstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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16
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Li S, Wu N, Zhao TY, Lu GY, Wang ZY, Li F, Li J. The role of IRAS/Nischarin involved in the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:460-466. [PMID: 30902386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic used to alleviate moderate or severe pain, but the development of drug tolerance and dependence limits its use in pain management. Our previous studies showed that the candidate protein for I1 imidazoline receptor, imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS)/Nischarin, interacts with μ opioid receptor (MOR) and modulates its trafficking. However, there is no report of the effect of IRAS on morphine tolerance and physical dependence. In the present study, we found that IRAS knockout (KO) mice showed exacerbated analgesic tolerance and physical dependence compared to wild-type (WT) mice by chronic morphine treatment. Chronic morphine treatment down-regulated the expression of MOR in spinal cord of IRAS KO mice, while had no significant effect on MOR expression in WT mice. We observed the compensatory increase of cAMP accumulation in spinal cord after morphine tolerance, and this change was more significant in KO mice than WT mice. Furthermore, KO mice showed more elevation in the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluR1-S845 than WT mice, while the total expression of GluR1 remained unchanged after morphine dependence. Altogether, these data suggest that IRAS may play an important role in the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in vivo through modulating MOR expression, as well as AMPA GluR1-S845 phosphorylation, which might be one of the mechanisms underlying the development of opiate addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Keller B, Mestre-Pinto JI, Álvaro-Bartolomé M, Martinez-Sanvisens D, Farre M, García-Fuster MJ, García-Sevilla JA, Torrens M. A Biomarker to Differentiate between Primary and Cocaine-Induced Major Depression in Cocaine Use Disorder: The Role of Platelet IRAS/Nischarin (I 1-Imidazoline Receptor). Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:258. [PMID: 29326609 PMCID: PMC5757145 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of cocaine use disorder (CUD) and comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD; CUD/MDD) is characterized by high prevalence and poor treatment outcomes. CUD/MDD may be primary (primary MDD) or cocaine-induced (CUD-induced MDD). Specific biomarkers are needed to improve diagnoses and therapeutic approaches in this dual pathology. Platelet biomarkers [5-HT2A receptor and imidazoline receptor antisera selected (IRAS)/nischarin] were assessed by Western blot in subjects with CUD and primary MDD (n = 16) or CUD-induced MDD (n = 9; antidepressant free, AD-; antidepressant treated, AD+) and controls (n = 10) at basal level and/or after acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Basal platelet 5-HT2A receptor (monomer) was reduced in comorbid CUD/MDD subjects (all patients: 43%) compared to healthy controls, and this down-regulation was independent of AD medication (decreases in AD-: 47%, and in AD+: 40%). No basal differences were found for IRAS/nischarin contents in AD+ and AD- comorbid CUD/MDD subjects. The comparison of IRAS/nischarin in the different subject groups during/after ATD showed opposite modulations (i.e., increases and decreases) in response to low plasma tryptophan levels with significant differences discriminating between the subgroups of CUD with primary MDD and CUD-induced MDD. These specific alterations suggested that platelet IRAS/nischarin might be useful as a biomarker to discriminate between primary and CUD-induced MDD in this dual pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keller
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Majorca, Spain
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan-Ignasi Mestre-Pinto
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i addiccions (INAD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Álvaro-Bartolomé
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Majorca, Spain
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martinez-Sanvisens
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i addiccions (INAD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magí Farre
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i addiccions (INAD), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Julia García-Fuster
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Majorca, Spain
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A. García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Majorca, Spain
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud – Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i addiccions (INAD), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Lin MH, Hsu CC, Lin J, Cheng JT, Wu MC. Investigation of morin-induced insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1254-1262. [PMID: 28699234 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Morin is a flavonoid contained in guava that is known to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes. Insulin secretion has been demonstrated to increase following the administration of morin. The present study is designed to investigate the potential mechanism(s) of morin-induced insulin secretion in the MIN6 cell line. First, we identified that morin induced a dose-dependent increase in insulin secretion and intracellular calcium content in MIN6 cells. Morin potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Additionally, we used siRNA for the ablation of imidazoline receptor protein (NISCH) expression in MIN6 cells. Interestingly, the effects of increased insulin secretion by morin and canavanine were markedly reduced in Si-NISCH cells. Moreover, we used KU14R to block imidazoline I3 receptor (I-3R) that is known to enhance insulin release from the pancreatic β-cells. Without influence on the basal insulin secretion, KU14R dose-dependently inhibited the increased insulin secretion induced by morin or efaroxan in MIN6 cells. Additionally, effects of increased insulin secretion by morin or efaroxan were reduced by diazoxide at the dose sufficient to open KATP channels and attenuated by nifedipine at the dose used to inhibit L-type calcium channels. Otherwise, phospholipase C (PLC) is introduced to couple with imidazoline receptor (I-R). The PLC inhibitor dose-dependently inhibited the effects of morin in MIN6 cells. Similar blockade was also observed in protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor-treated cells. Taken together, we found that morin increases insulin secretion via the activation of I-R in pancreatic cells. Therefore, morin would be useful to develop in the research and treatment of diabetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Hung Lin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Chief Secretary's Office, Chiayi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jenshinn Lin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Juei Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming Chang Wu
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Effects of I 2 -imidazoline receptor (IR) alkylating BU99006 in the mouse brain: Upregulation of nischarin/I 1 -IR and μ-opioid receptor proteins and modulation of associated signalling pathways. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Dong S, Baranwal S, Garcia A, Serrano-Gomez SJ, Eastlack S, Iwakuma T, Mercante D, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Alahari SK. Nischarin inhibition alters energy metabolism by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16833-16846. [PMID: 28842496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nischarin (Nisch) is a key protein functioning as a molecular scaffold and thereby hosting interactions with several protein partners. To explore the physiological importance of Nisch, here we generated Nisch loss-of-function mutant mice and analyzed their metabolic phenotype. Nisch-mutant embryos exhibited delayed development, characterized by small size and attenuated weight gain. We uncovered the reason for this phenotype by showing that Nisch binds to and inhibits the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates energy homeostasis by suppressing anabolic and activating catabolic processes. The Nisch mutations enhanced AMPK activation and inhibited mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as in muscle and liver tissues of mutant mice. Nisch-mutant mice also exhibited increased rates of glucose oxidation with increased energy expenditure, despite reduced overall food intake. Moreover, the Nisch-mutant mice had reduced expression of liver markers of gluconeogenesis associated with increased glucose tolerance. As a result, these mice displayed decreased growth and body weight. Taken together, our results indicate that Nisch is an important AMPK inhibitor and a critical regulator of energy homeostasis, including lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Dong
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,the Center for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, City Campus Mansa Rd., Bathinda-151001, India
| | - Anapatricia Garcia
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Silvia J Serrano-Gomez
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 11001000 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Steven Eastlack
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- the Department of Cancer Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, and
| | - Donald Mercante
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- the Division of Endocrinology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
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Keller B, García-Sevilla JA. Dysregulation of IRAS/nischarin and other potential I 1-imidazoline receptors in major depression postmortem brain: Downregulation of basal contents by antidepressant drug treatments. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:646-652. [PMID: 27836117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with altered brain densities of imidazoline receptors (I1-IR and I2-IR types). METHODS The contents of potential I1-IR IRAS/nischarin (167kDa) and, for comparison, those of I1- (85kDa) and I2- (45kDa and 30kDa) IR proteins were quantified by western blotting in postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC/BA9) of antidepressant-free ([MDD(-)], n=9) and antidepressant-treated ([MDD(+)], n=12) subjects and matched controls (n=19). RESULTS In MDD, regardless of antidepressant treatment (n=21), IRAS/nischarin was not altered in PFC/BA9. However, the content of IRAS/nischarin was found modestly and not significantly increased (+19%, p=0.075) in MDD(-) and significantly decreased (-24%, p=0.001) in MDD(+), revealing that basal I1-IR content was downregulated by antidepressants. Putative 85kDa I1-IR was upregulated (+35%, p=0.035) in MDD(-) but it was not reduced (-14%, p=0.37) in MDD(+). There was a positive correlation (r=0.33, p=0.037, n=40) between the contents of IRAS/nischarin and 85kDa IR proteins in PFC/BA9 (control and MDD subjects). In MDD and regardless of antidepressants, the content of cortical 45kDa I2-IR was increased (+31%, p=0.006) and that of 30kDa I2-IR decreased (-14%, p=0.002), indicating basal dysregulations of these potential IRs. LIMITATIONS MDD(+) subjects had been treated with a variety of antidepressant drugs. The results must be understood in the context of suicide victims with MDD. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulation of IRAS/nischarin in depressed brains is a major novel finding that supports a role of this potential I1-IR in the neurobiology of MDD and in the molecular mechanisms of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keller
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS/IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS/IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Kawamura K, Shimoda Y, Yui J, Zhang Y, Yamasaki T, Wakizaka H, Hatori A, Xie L, Kumata K, Fujinaga M, Ogawa M, Kurihara Y, Nengaki N, Zhang MR. A useful PET probe [ 11C]BU99008 with ultra-high specific radioactivity for small animal PET imaging of I 2-imidazoline receptors in the hypothalamus. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 45:1-7. [PMID: 27835825 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A positron emission tomography (PET) probe with ultra-high specific radioactivity (SA) enables measuring high receptor specific binding in brain regions by avoiding mass effect of the PET probe itself. It has been reported that PET probe with ultra-high SA can detect small change caused by endogenous or exogenous ligand. Recently, Kealey et al. developed [11C]BU99008, a more potent PET probe for I2-imidazoline receptors (I2Rs) imaging, with a conventional SA (mean 76GBq/μmol) showed higher specific binding in the brain. Here, to detect small change of specific binding for I2Rs caused by endogenous or exogenous ligand in an extremely small region, such as hypothalamus in the brain, we synthesized and evaluated [11C]BU99008 with ultra-high SA as a useful PET probe for small-animal PET imaging of I2Rs. METHODS [11C]BU99008 was prepared by [11C]methylation of N-desmethyl precursor with [11C]methyl iodide. Biodistribution, metabolite analysis, and brain PET studies were conducted in rats. RESULTS [11C]BU99008 with ultra-high SA in the range of 5400-16,600GBq/μmol were successfully synthesized (n=7), and had appropriate radioactivity for in vivo study. In the biodistribution study, the mean radioactivity levels in all investigated tissues except for the kidney did not show significant difference between [11C]BU99008 with ultra-high SA and that with conventional SA. In the metabolite analysis, the percentage of unchanged [11C]BU99008 at 30min after the injection of probes with ultra-high and conventional SA was similar in rat brain and plasma. In the PET study of rats' brain, radioactivity level (AUC30-60 min) in the hypothalamus of rats injected with [11C]BU99008 with ultra-high SA (64 [SUV ∙ min]) was significantly higher than that observed for that with conventional SA (50 [SUV ∙ min]). The specific binding of [11C]BU99008 with ultra-high SA (86% of total binding) for I2R was higher than that of conventional SA (76% of total binding). CONCLUSION A PET study using [11C]BU99008 with ultra-high SA would thus contribute to the detection of small changes in or small regions with I2R expression and hence may be useful in elucidating new functions of I2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kawamura
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoko Shimoda
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Joji Yui
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Department of Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Service Ltd., Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Holstein GR, Friedrich VL, Martinelli GP. Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide in vestibulo-sympathetic pathway neurons. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2747-60. [PMID: 27411812 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imidazole-4-acetic acid-ribotide (IAARP) is a putative neurotransmitter/modulator and an endogenous regulator of sympathetic drive, notably systemic blood pressure, through binding to imidazoline receptors. IAARP is present in neurons and processes throughout the CNS, but is particularly prevalent in regions that are involved in blood pressure control. The goal of this study was to determine whether IAARP is present in neurons in the caudal vestibular nuclei that participate in the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex (VSR) pathway. This pathway is important in modulating blood pressure upon changes in head position with regard to gravity, as occurs when humans rise from a supine position and when quadrupeds climb or rear. Sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation was used to activate the VSR and cfos gene expression in VSR pathway neurons of rats. These subjects had previously received a unilateral FluoroGold tracer injection in the rostral or caudal ventrolateral medullary region. The tracer was transported retrogradely and filled vestibular neuronal somata with direct projections to the injected region. Brainstem sections through the caudal vestibular nuclei were immunostained to visualize FluoroGold, cFos protein, IAARP and glutamate immunofluorescence. The results demonstrate that IAARP is present in vestibular neurons of the VSR pathway, where it often co-localizes with intense glutamate immunofluorescence. The co-localization of IAARP and intense glutamate immunofluorescence in VSR neurons may represent an efficient chemoanatomical configuration, allowing the vestibular system to rapidly up- and down-modulate the activity of presympathetic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla, thereby altering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gay R Holstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1140, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Anatomy/Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Victor L Friedrich
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio P Martinelli
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1140, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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IRAS Modulates Opioid Tolerance and Dependence by Regulating μ Opioid Receptor Trafficking. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4918-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Keller B, García-Sevilla JA. Immunodetection and subcellular distribution of imidazoline receptor proteins with three antibodies in mouse and human brains: Effects of treatments with I1- and I2-imidazoline drugs. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:996-1012. [PMID: 26038110 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115586936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Various imidazoline receptor (IR) proteins have been proposed to mediate the effects of selective I1- and I2-IR drugs. However, the association of these IR-binding proteins with classic I1- and I2-radioligand binding sites remains somewhat controversial. In this study, three IR antibodies (anti-NISCH and anti-nischarin for I1-IRs; and anti-IRBP for I1/I2-IRs) were used to immunodetect, characterize and compare IR protein patterns in brain (mouse and human; total homogenate, subcellular fractionation, grey and white matter) and some cell systems (neurones, astrocytes, human platelets). Various immunoreactive IRs (specific molecular weight bands coincidently detected with the different antibodies) were related to I1-IR (167 kDa, 105/115 kDa and 85 kDa proteins) or I2-IR (66 kDa, 45 kDa and 30 kDa proteins) types. The biochemical characterization of cortical 167 kDa protein, localized in the membrane/cytosol but not in the nucleus, indicated that this I1-IR also forms part of higher order nischarin-related complexes. The contents of I1-IR (167 kDa, 105/115 kDa, and 85 kDa) proteins in mouse brain cortex were upregulated by treatment with I1-drugs (moxonidine, efaroxan) but not with I2-drugs (BU-224, LSL 61122). Conversely, the contents of I2-IR (66 kDa, 45 kDa and 30 kDa) proteins in mouse brain cortex were modulated by treatment with I2-drugs (decreases after BU-224 and LSL 61122, and increases after idazoxan) but not with I1-drugs (with the exception of moxonidine). These findings further indicate that brain immunoreactive IR proteins exist in multiple forms that can be grouped in the already known I1- and I2-IR types, which are expressed both in neurones and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keller
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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In vivo evaluation of a new 18F-labeled PET ligand, [18F]FEBU, for the imaging of I2-imidazoline receptors. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:406-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhao TY, Hou N, Teng Y, Cheng X, Wang B, Chen Y, Jiang L, Wu N, Su RB, Yang X, Li J. Generation and primary phenotypes of imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS) knockout mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:978-81. [PMID: 24180351 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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The expression pattern of Nischarin after lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats brain cortex. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:929-40. [PMID: 24064952 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Nischarin participated in neuronal apoptosis induced by neuroinflammation and via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and PKB-dependent pathway. MATERIAL Use of male Sprague-Dawley rats, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12), and murine microglial cells (BV-2). Treatment lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were injected into the brain lateral ventricle of the rat. The BV-2 cells were treated by LPS. The PC12 cells were pretreated by or not pretreated by conditioned media and siRNA. METHODS Western blotting was used for analyzing the expression level of Nischarin, pAKT, BAD and Bcl-2. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to perform the morphology and localization of Nischarin. The siRNA could down-regulate the protein level of endogenous Nischarin. RESULTS The expression level of Nischarin was elevated after LPS injection; meanwhile, Nischarin was located in the neuron. Nischarin was involved in regulating the PI3K/PKB patway. CONCLUSION Nischarin might be involved in mediating the process of PI3K/PKB pathway-dependent neuronal apoptosis. After the silencing of Nischarin in cultured PC12 (pheochromocytoma) by siRNA, these results showed that it would induce a reduction of pAKT and Bcl-2 proteins expression; meanwhile, it induces an increase of BAD and active caspase-3.
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Zádori ZS, Fehér Á, Al-Khrasani M, Lackó E, Tóth VE, Brancati SB, Hein L, Mátyus P, Gyires K. Imidazoline versus alpha2-adrenoceptors in the control of gastric motility in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Garau C, Miralles A, García-Sevilla JA. Chronic treatment with selective I2-imidazoline receptor ligands decreases the content of pro-apoptotic markers in rat brain. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:123-34. [PMID: 22719017 DOI: 10.1177/0269881112450785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Selective I(2)-imidazoline receptor ligands induce neuroprotection through various molecular mechanisms including blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. To investigate new neuroprotective mechanisms associated with I(2)-imidazoline receptors, the effects of selective (2-styryl-2-imidazoline (LSL 61122), 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI), 2-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl) quinoline hydrochloride (BU-224)) and non-selective (idazoxan) I(2)-drugs on canonical apoptotic pathways were assessed in rat brain cortex. The acute treatment with LSL 61122 (10 mg/kg) reduced the content of mitochondrial (pro-apoptotic) Bax (-33%) and cytochrome c (-31%), which was prevented by idazoxan, an I(2)-receptor antagonist. The sustained stimulation of I(2)-imidazoline receptors with selective drugs (10 mg/kg, every 12 h for seven days) was associated with down-regulation of key components of the extrinsic (Fas receptor: -20%; Fas associated protein with death domain (FADD) adaptor: -47-54%) and/or intrinsic (Bax: -20-23%; cytochrome c: -22-28%) apoptotic signalling and/or up-regulation of survival anti-apoptotic factors (p-Ser194 FADD/FADD ratio: +1.6-2.5-fold; and/or Bcl-2/Bax ratio: +1.5-fold), which in the long-term could dampen cell death in the brain. Similar chronic treatments with LSL 60101 (the imidazole analogue of 2-BFI) and idazoxan (a mixed I(2)/α(2)-ligand) did not induce significant alterations of pro- or anti-apoptotic proteins. The disclosed anti-apoptotic mechanisms of selective I(2)-imidazoline drugs may work in concert with other molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection (e.g. blockade of NMDA receptors) that are engaged by I(2)-ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Garau
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Maltsev AV, Evdokimovskii EV, Pimenov OY, Nenov MN, Kokoz YM. Regulation of potential-dependent L-type Ca2+ currents by agmatine. Imidazoline receptors in isolated cardiomyocytes. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747812040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tesfai J, Crane L, Baziard-Mouysset G, Kennedy W, Edwards LP. Novel I1-imidazoline S43126 enhance insulin action in PC12 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 63:1442-9. [PMID: 22358092 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The I(1)-imidazoline receptor is a novel target for drug development for hypertension and insulin resistance, major disorders associated with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we examined the effects of a novel imidazoline agonist S43126, on phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in PC12 cells. We further examined the effects of S43126 on insulin stimulated PKB and ERK phosphorylation. PC12 cells were treated with varying doses of S43126 (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) or insulin (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) or combination treatment with insulin (10(-6) M) and varying doses of S43126 (10(-6) - 10(-11) M) for 10 min. Western blot analysis of treated samples showed that S43126 increased both ERK1/2 and PKB phosphorylation by 5 fold. Combination treatment with insulin (10(-6) M) and varying doses of S43126 (10(-6) - 10(-11) M) enhanced phosphorylation of PKB and ERK1/2 above the level of insulin alone, in a dose and time dependent manner. Treatment with siRNA against Nischarin (mouse homologue of I(1)-imidazoline receptor) reduced the phosphorylation of both ERK and PKB following combination treatments. These results indicate that S43126 has the potential to augment insulin action and should be further studied as a possible candidate drug for the treatment of insulin resistance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusalem Tesfai
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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An “I” on Cardiac Hypertrophic Remodelling: Imidazoline Receptors and Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2012; 28:590-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Martir JF, Bozdagi O, Martinelli GP, Friedrich VL, Holstein GR. Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide in the rodent striatum: a putative neurochemical link between motor and autonomic deficits in Parkinson's disease. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63 Suppl 1:5-18. [PMID: 22453739 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.suppl.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that imidazole-4-acetic acid-ribotide (IAA-RP) is present in the mammalian brain and is an endogenous ligand at imidazoline binding sites. In the present study, we used a polyclonal antiserum to visualize IAA-RP-containing neurons in the rat caudoputamen. We observe IAA-RP-immunostained neurons scattered throughout the dorsal and ventral striatum. Most of these cells co-localize GABA, but none are parvalbumin-immunoreactive. In contrast, approximately 50% of the calbindin D28k-immunopositive striatal neurons co-localize IAA-RP. Electrophysiological studies using corticostriatal slices demonstrated that bath application of IAA-RP reversibly depresses the synaptically mediated component of field potentials recorded in the striatum by stimulation of cortical axons. Addition of competitive glutamate receptor antagonists completely blocks the response, confirming its association with glutamatergic transmission. Using paired-pulse stimuli, IAA-RP was shown to exert, at least in part, a presynaptic effect, but blockade of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission did not alter the response. Lastly, we show that this effect is attributable to imidazoline-1 receptors, and not to α2 adrenergic receptors. Since IAA-RP is an endogenous central regulator of blood pressure, and cardiovascular dysfunction is a common symptom associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), we speculate that IAA-RP-related abnormalities may underlie some of the autonomic dysfunction that occurs in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Martir
- Department of Neurology, Functional Morphology Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Li F, Wu N, Su R, Chen Y, Lu X, Liu Y, Li J. Imidazoline receptor antisera-selected/Nischarin regulates the effect of agmatine on the development of morphine dependence. Addict Biol 2012; 17:392-408. [PMID: 21967557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous ligand for imidazoline receptor, has been shown to prevent opioid dependence, but not much is known about the mechanisms of the effect of agmatine. In the present study, we investigated the function of I1 imidazoline receptor and its candidate protein imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS)/Nischarin in morphine dependence as well as in the effect of agmatine inhibiting morphine dependence by pharmacological and molecular approaches. Results showed that inhibition of IRAS or Nischarin did not change the development of morphine dependence in vitro and in vivo under the basal condition. Agmatine could reduce the cyclic 3', 5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) overshoot at the concentration of 0.01-10 µM in the primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and attenuated the withdrawal signals and the elevation of FosB and ΔFosB at the dose of 5 mg/kg in the morphine-dependent mice. The effect of agmatine was inhibited by efaroxan (I1 imidazoline receptor non-specific antagonist) and the RNA interference against IRAS or Nischarin. These findings indicate that I1 imidazoline receptor or IRAS/Nischarin mediates the effect of agmatine on morphine dependence and provide evidence that I1 imidazoline receptor may be a new target for treating morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
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Insights into the PX (phox-homology) domain and SNX (sorting nexin) protein families: structures, functions and roles in disease. Biochem J 2011; 441:39-59. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes 49 proteins that possess a PX (phox-homology) domain, responsible for membrane attachment to organelles of the secretory and endocytic system via binding of phosphoinositide lipids. The PX domain proteins, most of which are classified as SNXs (sorting nexins), constitute an extremely diverse family of molecules that play varied roles in membrane trafficking, cell signalling, membrane remodelling and organelle motility. In the present review, we present an overview of the family, incorporating recent functional and structural insights, and propose an updated classification of the proteins into distinct subfamilies on the basis of these insights. Almost all PX domain proteins bind PtdIns3P and are recruited to early endosomal membranes. Although other specificities and localizations have been reported for a select few family members, the molecular basis for binding to other lipids is still not clear. The PX domain is also emerging as an important protein–protein interaction domain, binding endocytic and exocytic machinery, transmembrane proteins and many other molecules. A comprehensive survey of the molecular interactions governed by PX proteins highlights the functional diversity of the family as trafficking cargo adaptors and membrane-associated scaffolds regulating cell signalling. Finally, we examine the mounting evidence linking PX proteins to different disorders, in particular focusing on their emerging importance in both pathogen invasion and amyloid production in Alzheimer's disease.
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Ferrari F, Fiorentino S, Mennuni L, Garofalo P, Letari O, Mandelli S, Giordani A, Lanza M, Caselli G. Analgesic efficacy of CR4056, a novel imidazoline-2 receptor ligand, in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. J Pain Res 2011; 4:111-25. [PMID: 21647215 PMCID: PMC3100226 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s18353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two decades of investigations have failed to unequivocally clarify the functions and the molecular nature of imidazoline-2 receptors (I2R). However, there is robust pharmacological evidence for the functional modulation of monoamino oxidase (MAO) and other important enzyme activities by I2 site ligands. Some compounds of this class proved to be active experimental tools in preventing both experimental pain and opioid tolerance and dependence. Unfortunately, even though these compounds bind with high potency to central I2 sites, they fail to represent a valid clinical opportunity due to their pharmacokinetic, selectivity or side-effects profile. This paper presents the preclinical profile of a novel I2 ligand (2-phenyl-6-(1H-imidazol-1yl) quinazoline; [CR4056]) that selectively inhibits the activity of human recombinant MAO-A in a concentration-dependent manner. A sub-chronic four day oral treatment of CR4056 increased norepinephrine (NE) tissue levels both in the rat cerebral cortex (63.1% ±4.2%; P < 0.05) and lumbar spinal cord (51.3% ± 6.7%; P < 0.05). In the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) rat model of inflammatory pain, CR4056 was found to be orally active (ED50 = 5.8 mg/kg, by mouth [p.o.]). In the acute capsaicin model, CR4056 completely blocked mechanical hyperalgesia in the injured hind paw (ED50 = 4.1 mg/kg, p.o.; ED100 = 17.9 mg/kg, p.o.). This effect was dose-dependently antagonized by the non-selective imidazoline I2/α2 antagonist idazoxan. In rat models of neuropathic pain, oral administration of CR4056 significantly attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. In summary, the present study suggests a novel pharmacological opportunity for inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain treatment based on selective interaction with central imidazoline-2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ferrari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, S.p.A., Monza (MB), Italy
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Edwards LP, Brown-Bryan TA, McLean L, Ernsberger P. Pharmacological Properties of the Central Antihypertensive Agent, Moxonidine. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 30:199-208. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Nikolic K, Agbaba D. Imidazoline antihypertensive drugs: selective i(1) -imidazoline receptors activation. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 30:209-16. [PMID: 21884004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of imidazoline receptors (IR) in the regulation of vasomotor tone as well as in the mechanism of action of some centrally acting antihypertensives has received tremendous attention. To date, pharmacological studies have allowed the characterization of three main imidazoline receptor classes, the I(1) -imidazoline receptor which is involved in central inhibition of sympathetic tone to lower blood pressure, the I(2) -imidazoline receptor which is an allosteric binding site of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), and the I(3) -imidazoline receptor which regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. All three imidazoline receptors represent important targets for cardiovascular research. The hypotensive effect of clonidine-like centrally acting antihypertensives was attributed both to α(2) -adrenergic receptors and nonadrenergic I(1) -imidazoline receptors, whereas their sedative action involves activation of only α(2) -adrenergic receptors located in the locus coeruleus. Since more selective I(1) -imidazoline receptors ligands reduced incidence of typical side effects of other centrally acting antihypertensives, there is significant interest in developing new agents with higher selectivity and affinity for I(1) -imidazoline receptors. The selective imidazoline receptors agents are also more effective in regulation of body fat, neuroprotection, inflammation, cell proliferation, epilepsy, depression, stress, cell adhesion, and pain. New agonists and antagonists with high selectivity for imidazoline receptor subtypes have been recently developed. In the present review we provide a brief update to the field of imidazoline research, highlighting some of the chemical diversity and progress made in the theoretical studies of imidazoline receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nikolic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Li JX, Zhang Y. Imidazoline I2 receptors: target for new analgesics? Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:49-56. [PMID: 21371460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pain remains a major clinical challenge because there are no effective analgesics for some pain conditions and the mainstay analgesics for severe pain, opioids, have serious unwanted effects. There is a dire need for novel analgesics in the clinic. Imidazoline receptors are a family of three receptors (I(1), I(2) and I(3)) that all can recognize compounds with an imidazoline structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that I(2) receptors are involved in pain modulation. Ligands acting at I(2) receptors are effective for tonic inflammatory and neuropathic pain but are much less effective for acute phasic pain. When studied in combination, I(2) receptor ligands enhance the analgesic effects of opioids in both acute phasic and chronic tonic pain. During chronic use, patients can develop tolerance to and dependence on opioids. Imidazoline I(2) receptor ligands can attenuate the development of tolerance to opioid analgesia and inhibit drug withdrawal or antagonist precipitation induced abstinence syndrome in animals. Taken together, drugs acting on I(2) receptors may be useful as a monotherapy or combined with opioids as an adjuvant for treating pain. Future studies should focus on understanding the relative efficacy of I(2) receptor ligands and developing new compounds to fill the gap in intrinsic efficacy continuum of I(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Bozdagi O, Wang XB, Martinelli GP, Prell G, Friedrich VL, Huntley GW, Holstein GR. Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide induces depression of synaptic responses in hippocampus through activation of imidazoline receptors. J Neurophysiol 2011; 105:1266-75. [PMID: 21228308 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00263.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole-4-acetic acid-ribotide (IAA-RP), an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptors (I-Rs), is a putative neurotransmitter/regulator in mammalian brain. We studied the effects of IAA-RP on excitatory transmission by performing extracellular and whole cell recordings at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in rat hippocampal slices. Bath-applied IAA-RP induced a concentration-dependent depression of synaptic transmission that, after washout, returned to baseline within 20 min. Maximal decrease occurred with 10 μM IAA-RP, which reduced the slope of field extracellular postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) to 51.2 ± 5.7% of baseline at 20 min of exposure. Imidazole-4-acetic acid-riboside (IAA-R; 10 μM), the endogenous dephosphorylated metabolite of IAA-RP, also produced inhibition of fEPSPs. This effect was smaller than that produced by IAA-RP (to 65.9 ± 3.8% of baseline) and occurred after a further 5- to 8-min delay. The frequency, but not the amplitude, of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents was decreased, and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) was increased after application of IAA-RP, suggesting a principally presynaptic site of action. Since IAA-RP also has low affinity for α(2)-adrenergic receptors (α(2)-ARs), we tested synaptic depression induced by IAA-RP in the presence of α(2)-ARs, I(1)-R, or I(3)-R antagonists. The α(2)-AR antagonist rauwolscine (100 nM), which blocked the actions of the α(2)-AR agonist clonidine, did not affect either the IAA-RP-induced synaptic depression or the increase in PPF. In contrast, efaroxan (50 μM), a mixed I(1)-R and α(2)-AR antagonist, abolished the synaptic depression induced by IAA-RP and abolished the related increase in PPF. KU-14R, an I(3)-R antagonist, partially attenuated responses to IAA-RP. Taken together, these data support a role for IAA-RP in modulating synaptic transmission in the hippocampus through activation of I-Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bozdagi
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Holstein GR, Martinelli GP, Friedrich VL. Anatomical observations of the caudal vestibulo-sympathetic pathway. J Vestib Res 2011; 21:49-62. [PMID: 21422542 PMCID: PMC3570023 DOI: 10.3233/ves-2011-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system senses the movement and position of the head in space and uses this information to stabilize vision, control posture, perceive head orientation and self-motion in three-dimensional space, and modulate autonomic and limbic activity in response to locomotion and changes in posture. Most vestibular signals are not consciously perceived and are usually appreciated through effector pathways classically described as the vestibulo-ocular, vestibulo-spinal, vestibulo-collic and vestibulo-autonomic reflexes. The present study reviews some of the recent data concerning the connectivity and chemical anatomy of vestibular projections to autonomic sites that are important in the sympathetic control of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gay R Holstein
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Imaging of I2-imidazoline receptors by small-animal PET using 2-(3-fluoro-[4-11C]tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole ([11C]FTIMD). Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:625-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Generation and characterization of novel human IRAS monoclonal antibodies. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:973754. [PMID: 19672324 PMCID: PMC2723995 DOI: 10.1155/2009/973754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazoline receptors were first proposed by Bousquet et al., when they studied antihypertensive effect of clonidine. A strong candidate for I1R, known as imidazoline receptor antisera-selected protein (IRAS), has been cloned from human hippocampus. We reported that IRAS mediated agmatine-induced inhibition of opioid dependence in morphine-dependent cells. To elucidate the functional and structure properties of I1R, we developed the newly monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal hIRAS region including the PX domain (10–120aa) through immunization of BALB/c mice with the NusA-IRAS fusion protein containing an IRAS N-terminal (10–120aa). Stable hybridoma cell lines were established and monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized full-length IRAS proteins in their native state by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Monoclonal antibodies stained in a predominantly punctate cytoplasmic pattern when applied to IRAS-transfected HEK293 cells by indirect immunofluorescence assays and demonstrated excellent reactivity in flow immunocytometry. These monoclonal antibodies will provide powerful reagents for the further investigation of hIRAS protein functions.
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Comparison of agmatine with moxonidine and rilmenidine in morphine dependence in vitro: role of imidazoline I(1) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 612:1-8. [PMID: 19356733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Moxonidine and rilmenidine are classical imidazoline I(1) receptor agonists, and used as anti-hypertension drugs in clinical practice. Agmatine is an imidazoline I(1) receptor endogenous ligand as well as its agonist, but more and more evidences suggest it has no influence on blood pressure. In the present study we compared the effects of moxonidine, rilmenidine and agmatine in the development of morphine dependence, and investigated the role of imidazoline I(1) receptor in the effects of these agents. Chinese hamster ovary cells co-expressing mu opioid receptor and imidazoline receptor antisera-selected protein (IRAS), the strong candidate for imidazoline I(1) receptor, were used as the cell line. cAMP overshoot, which represents an opioid dependent state in vitro, was measured to study the effects on morphine dependence. siRNA against IRAS was carried out to investigate the role of imidazoline I(1) receptor. Moxonidine and rilmenidine (0.01-10 microM) were ineffective on cAMP level in the cells when given alone, and failed to inhibit chronic morphine exposure, naloxone-precipitated cAMP overshoot when co-pretreated with morphine. Agmatine (0.01-10 microM) by itself was ineffective but co-pretreated with morphine concentration-dependently inhibited chronic morphine exposure, naloxone-precipitated cAMP overshoot in the cells. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of agmatine (100 nM and 1 microM) on cAMP overshoot was significantly reduced by siRNA against IRAS. This study indicates that agmatine can inhibit the development of morphine dependence in vitro, whereas moxonidine and rilmenidine have no the effect. Imidazoline I(1) receptor plays an important role in agmatine inhibiting morphine dependence.
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Smith KL, Jessop DS, Finn DP. Modulation of stress by imidazoline binding sites: implications for psychiatric disorders. Stress 2009; 12:97-114. [PMID: 19006007 DOI: 10.1080/10253890802302908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we present evidence for the involvement of imidazoline binding sites (IBS) in modulating responses to stress, through central control of monoaminergic and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Pharmacological and physiological evidence is presented for differential effects of different IBS subtypes on serotoninergic and catecholaminergic pathways involved in control of basal and stress-stimulated HPA axis activity. IBS ligands can modulate behavioural and neuroendocrine responses in animal models of stress, depression and anxiety, and a body of evidence exists for alterations in central IBS expression in psychiatric patients, which can be normalised partially or fully by treatment with antidepressants. Dysfunction in monoaminergic systems and the HPA axis under basal and stress-induced activation has been extensively reported in psychiatric illnesses. On the basis of the literature, we suggest a potential therapeutic role for selective IBS ligands in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NCBES Neuroscience Cluster, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Nikolic K, Filipic S, Agbaba D. QSAR study of selective I1-imidazoline receptor ligands. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 20:133-144. [PMID: 19343588 DOI: 10.1080/10629360902726015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Selective imidazoline(1)-receptor (I(1)-R) ligands are used clinically to reduce blood pressure. Thus, there is significant interest in developing new imidazoline analogs with high selectivity and affinity for I(1) receptors. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was carried out on 11 potent I(1)-R ligands (derivatives of imidazoline, oxazoline and pyrroline) using a multiple linear regression (MLR) procedure. The selected compounds have been studied using B3LYP/3-21G(d, p) and B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) methods. Among the 42 descriptors that were considered in generating the QSAR model, three descriptors (partial atomic charges of nitrogen in the heterocyclic moiety (N-2 charge), log D and the dipole moment of the ligands) resulted in a statistically significant model with r(2) > 0.874 and [image omitted] > 0.802. The QSAR models were validated through cross-validation and external test set prediction. The aim of the developed MLR models for the I(1)-R ligands was to link the structures to their reported I(1)-R binding affinity log(1/Ki). The proposed QSAR models indicate that an increase in log D and the dipole moment value and a decrease in N-2 charge in the heterocyclic moiety are predictors of better selectivity and affinity for I(1) receptors. The developed QSAR model is intended to predict the I(1)-R binding affinity of related compounds and aid in the rational design of new potent and selective I(1)-R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nikolic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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QSAR study of imidazoline antihypertensive drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hoque MO, Kim MS, Ostrow KL, Liu J, Wisman GBA, Park HL, Poeta ML, Jeronimo C, Henrique R, Lendvai A, Schuuring E, Begum S, Rosenbaum E, Ongenaert M, Yamashita K, Califano J, Westra W, van der Zee AGJ, Van Criekinge W, Sidransky D. Genome-wide promoter analysis uncovers portions of the cancer methylome. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2661-70. [PMID: 18413733 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation has a role in mediating epigenetic silencing of CpG island genes in cancer and other diseases. Identification of all gene promoters methylated in cancer cells "the cancer methylome" would greatly advance our understanding of gene regulatory networks in tumorigenesis. We previously described a new method of identifying methylated tumor suppressor genes based on pharmacologic unmasking of the promoter region and detection of re-expression on microarray analysis. In this study, we modified and greatly improved the selection of candidates based on new promoter structure algorithm and microarray data generated from 20 cancer cell lines of 5 major cancer types. We identified a set of 200 candidate genes that cluster throughout the genome of which 25 were previously reported as harboring cancer-specific promoter methylation. The remaining 175 genes were tested for promoter methylation by bisulfite sequencing or methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Eighty-two of 175 (47%) genes were found to be methylated in cell lines, and 53 of these 82 genes (65%) were methylated in primary tumor tissues. From these 53 genes, cancer-specific methylation was identified in 28 genes (28 of 53; 53%). Furthermore, we tested 8 of the 28 newly identified cancer-specific methylated genes with quantitative MSP in a panel of 300 primary tumors representing 13 types of cancer. We found cancer-specific methylation of at least one gene with high frequency in all cancer types. Identification of a large number of genes with cancer-specific methylation provides new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, and opens fertile avenues for basic research in tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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