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Barrère-Lemaire S, Vincent A, Jorgensen C, Piot C, Nargeot J, Djouad F. Mesenchymal stromal cells for improvement of cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction: a matter of timing. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:659-725. [PMID: 37589393 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death and remains the most common cause of heart failure. Reopening of the occluded artery, i.e., reperfusion, is the only way to save the myocardium. However, the expected benefits of reducing infarct size are disappointing due to the reperfusion paradox, which also induces specific cell death. These ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions can account for up to 50% of final infarct size, a major determinant for both mortality and the risk of heart failure (morbidity). In this review, we provide a detailed description of the cell death and inflammation mechanisms as features of I/R injury and cardioprotective strategies such as ischemic postconditioning as well as their underlying mechanisms. Due to their biological properties, the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been considered a potential therapeutic approach in AMI. Despite promising results and evidence of safety in preclinical studies using MSCs, the effects reported in clinical trials are not conclusive and even inconsistent. These discrepancies were attributed to many parameters such as donor age, in vitro culture, and storage time as well as injection time window after AMI, which alter MSC therapeutic properties. In the context of AMI, future directions will be to generate MSCs with enhanced properties to limit cell death in myocardial tissue and thereby reduce infarct size and improve the healing phase to increase postinfarct myocardial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Piot
- Département de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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2
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Sumey JL, Harrell AM, Johnston PC, Caliari SR. Serial Passaging Affects Stromal Cell Mechanosensitivity on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300110. [PMID: 37747449 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a tremendous interest in developing hydrogels as tunable in vitro cell culture platforms to study cell response to mechanical cues in a controlled manner. However, little is known about how common cell culture techniques, such as serial expansion on tissue culture plastic, affect subsequent cell behavior when cultured on hydrogels. In this work, a methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel platform is leveraged to study stromal cell mechanotransduction. Hydrogels are first formed through thiol-Michael addition to model normal soft tissue (e.g., lung) stiffness (E ≈ 1 kPa). Secondary cross-linking via radical photopolymerization of unconsumed methacrylates allows matching of early- (E ≈ 6 kPa) and late-stage fibrotic tissue (E ≈ 50 kPa). Early passage (P1) human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) display increased spreading, myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) nuclear localization, and focal adhesion size with increasing hydrogel stiffness. However, late passage (P5) hMSCs show reduced sensitivity to substrate mechanics with lower MRTF-A nuclear translocation and smaller focal adhesions on stiffer hydrogels compared to early passage hMSCs. Similar trends are observed in an immortalized human lung fibroblast line. Overall, this work highlights the implications of standard cell culture practices on investigating cell response to mechanical signals using in vitro hydrogel models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Abigail M Harrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Peyton C Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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3
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Voskamp C, Koevoet WJLM, Van Osch GJVM, Narcisi R. Senescence during early differentiation reduced the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1241338. [PMID: 37609111 PMCID: PMC10441241 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1241338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal/progenitor cells (MSCs) are promising for cartilage cell-based therapies due to their chondrogenic differentiation capacity. However, MSCs can become senescent during in vitro expansion, a state characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, metabolic alterations, and substantial changes in the gene expression and secretory profile of the cell. In this study, we aimed to investigate how senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) affect chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Methods: To study the effect of senescence, we exposed MSCs to gamma irradiation during expansion or during chondrogenic differentiation (the pellet culture). Western blot analysis was used to evaluate MSCs response to the chondrogenic inductor TGF-β. Results: When senescence was induced during expansion or at day 7 of chondrogenic differentiation, we observed a significant reduction in the cartilage matrix. Interestingly, when senescence was induced at day 14 of differentiation, chondrogenesis was not significantly altered. Moreover, exposing chondrogenic pellets to the medium conditioned by senescent pellets had no significant effect on the expression of anabolic or catabolic cartilage markers, suggesting a neglectable paracrine effect of senescence on cartilage generation in our model. Finally, we show that senescent MSCs showed lower phosphorylated SMAD2 levels after TGFβ1 stimulation than control MSCs. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that the occurrence of senescence in MSCs during expansion or early differentiation could be detrimental for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy J. L. M. Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J. V. M. Van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Pinto-Cardoso R, Bessa-Andrês C, Correia-de-Sá P, Bernardo Noronha-Matos J. Could hypoxia rehabilitate the osteochondral diseased interface? Lessons from the interplay of hypoxia and purinergic signals elsewhere. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115646. [PMID: 37321413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The osteochondral unit comprises the articular cartilage (90%), subchondral bone (5%) and calcified cartilage (5%). All cells present at the osteochondral unit that is ultimately responsible for matrix production and osteochondral homeostasis, such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, can release adenine and/or uracil nucleotides to the local microenvironment. Nucleotides are released by these cells either constitutively or upon plasma membrane damage, mechanical stress or hypoxia conditions. Once in the extracellular space, endogenously released nucleotides can activate membrane-bound purinoceptors. Activation of these receptors is fine-tuning regulated by nucleotides' breakdown by enzymes of the ecto-nucleotidase cascade. Depending on the pathophysiological conditions, both the avascular cartilage and the subchondral bone subsist to significant changes in oxygen tension, which has a tremendous impact on tissue homeostasis. Cell stress due to hypoxic conditions directly influences the expression and activity of several purinergic signalling players, namely nucleotide release channels (e.g. Cx43), NTPDase enzymes and purinoceptors. This review gathers experimental evidence concerning the interplay between hypoxia and the purinergic signalling cascade contributing to osteochondral unit homeostasis. Reporting deviations to this relationship resulting from pathological alterations of articular joints may ultimately unravel novel therapeutic targets for osteochondral rehabilitation. At this point, one can only hypothesize how hypoxia mimetic conditions can be beneficial to the ex vivo expansion and differentiation of osteo- and chondro-progenitors for auto-transplantation and tissue regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
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5
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Cheng M, Yuan W, Moshaverinia A, Yu B. Rejuvenation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ameliorate Skeletal Aging. Cells 2023; 12:998. [PMID: 37048071 PMCID: PMC10093211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is a shared risk factor for many chronic and debilitating skeletal diseases including osteoporosis and periodontitis. Mesenchymal stem cells develop various aging phenotypes including the onset of senescence, intrinsic loss of regenerative potential and exacerbation of inflammatory microenvironment via secretory factors. This review elaborates on the emerging concepts on the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of MSC senescence, such as the accumulation of oxidative stress, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Senescent MSCs aggravate local inflammation, disrupt bone remodeling and bone-fat balance, thereby contributing to the progression of age-related bone diseases. Various rejuvenation strategies to target senescent MSCs could present a promising paradigm to restore skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Cheng
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Section of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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6
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Wong PF, Dharmani M, Ramasamy TS. Senotherapeutics for mesenchymal stem cell senescence and rejuvenation. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103424. [PMID: 36332835 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are susceptible to replicative senescence and senescence-associated functional decline, which hampers their use in regenerative medicine. Senotherapeutics are drugs that target cellular senescence through senolytic and senomorphic functions to induce apoptosis and suppress chronic inflammation caused by the senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP), respectively. Therefore, senotherapeutics could delay aging-associated degeneration. They could also be used to eliminate senescent MSCs during in vitro expansion or bioprocessing for transplantation. In this review, we discuss the role of senotherapeutics in MSC senescence, rejuvenation, and transplantation, with examples of some tested compounds in vitro. The prospects, challenges, and the way forward in clinical applications of senotherapeutics in cell-based therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murugan Dharmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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7
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Fraile M, Eiro N, Costa LA, Martín A, Vizoso FJ. Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Basic Concepts, Challenges and Strategies. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1678. [PMID: 36421393 PMCID: PMC9687158 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging and frailty are complex processes implicating multifactorial mechanisms, such as replicative senescence, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or autophagy disorder. All of these mechanisms drive dramatic changes in the tissue environment, such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and inflamm-aging. Thus, there is a demand for new therapeutic strategies against the devastating effects of the aging and associated diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) participate in a "galaxy" of tissue signals (proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress, and proangiogenic, antitumor, antifibrotic, and antimicrobial effects) contributing to tissue homeostasis. However, MSC are also not immune to aging. Three strategies based on MSC have been proposed: remove, rejuvenate, or replace the senescent MSC. These strategies include the use of senolytic drugs, antioxidant agents and genetic engineering, or transplantation of younger MSC. Nevertheless, these strategies may have the drawback of the adverse effects of prolonged use of the different drugs used or, where appropriate, those of cell therapy. In this review, we propose the new strategy of "Exogenous Restitution of Intercellular Signalling of Stem Cells" (ERISSC). This concept is based on the potential use of secretome from MSC, which are composed of molecules such as growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles and have the same biological effects as their parent cells. To face this cell-free regenerative therapy challenge, we have to clarify key strategy aspects, such as establishing tools that allow us a more precise diagnosis of aging frailty in order to identify the therapeutic requirements adapted to each case, identify the ideal type of MSC in the context of the functional heterogeneity of these cellular populations, to optimize the mass production and standardization of the primary materials (cells) and their secretome-derived products, to establish the appropriate methods to validate the anti-aging effects and to determine the most appropriate route of administration for each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
| | - Luis A. Costa
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
| | - Arancha Martín
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
- Department of Emergency, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Los Prados, 395, 33394 Gijon, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Avda. Eduardo Castro, 161, 33920 Gijon, Spain
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8
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Alves-Paiva RM, do Nascimento S, De Oliveira D, Coa L, Alvarez K, Hamerschlak N, Okamoto OK, Marti LC, Kondo AT, Kutner JM, Bortolini MAT, Castro R, de Godoy JAP. Senescence State in Mesenchymal Stem Cells at Low Passages: Implications in Clinical Use. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:858996. [PMID: 35445029 PMCID: PMC9015663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.858996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in various tissues and are easily cultivated. For use in clinical protocols, MSCs must be expanded to obtain an adequate number of cells, but a senescence state may be instituted after some passages, reducing their replicative potential. In this study, we report a case where MSC derived from an elderly donor acquired a senescence state after three passages. The bone marrow was aspirated from a female patient submitted to a cell therapy for the incontinency urinary protocol; MSCs were cultivated with DMEM low glucose, supplemented with 10% autologous serum (AS) plus 1% L-glutamine and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic. Senescence analysis was performed by β-galactosidase staining after 24 and 48 h. Controls were established using BM-MSC from healthy donors and used for senescence and gene expression assays. Gene expression was performed using RT-PCR for pluripotency genes, such as SOX2, POU5F1, NANOG, and KLF4. MSC telomere length was measured by the Southern blotting technique, and MSCs were also analyzed for their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. The patient’s MSC expansion using AS displayed an early senescence state. In order to understand the role of AS in senescence, MSCs were then submitted to two different culture conditions: 1) with AS or 2) with FBS supplementation. Senescence state was assessed after 24 h, and no statistical differences were observed between the two conditions. However, patients’ cells cultured with AS displayed a higher number of senescence cells than FBS medium after 48 h (p = 0.0018). Gene expression was performed in both conditions; increased expression of KLF4 was observed in the patient’s cells in comparison to healthy controls (p = 0.0016); reduced gene expression was observed for NANOG (p = 0.0016) and SOX2 (p = 0.0014) genes. Telomere length of the patient’s cells was shorter than that of a healthy donor and that of a patient of similar age. Osteocyte differentiation seemed to be more diffuse than that of the healthy donor and that of the patient of similar age. MSCs could enter a senescence state during expansion in early passages and can impact MSC quality for clinical applications, reducing their efficacy when administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Alves-Paiva
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina do Nascimento
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise De Oliveira
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Coa
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelen Alvarez
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Marti
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Kondo
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Mauro Kutner
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Castro
- Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Preto de Godoy
- Department of Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Zimmermann CE, Mackens-Kiani L, Acil Y, Terheyden H. Characterization of porcine mesenchymal stromal cells and their proliferative and osteogenic potential in long-term culture. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2022; 17:49-55. [PMID: 35250201 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1702008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Porcine mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) are considered a valuable research model for bone tissue engineering, which requires adequate amounts of viable cells with sufficient potential for osteogenic differentiation. For isolation and expansion of these cells through long-term culture, appropriate culture conditions are needed. Objective: To study the effect of extended in vitro cultivation on pMSC proliferation and differentiation potential using different osteogenic and adipogenic induction media. Methods: pMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of adult Göttingen minipigs, cultured, expanded to passage 20 (~160 days) and characterized by their expression of cell surface markers (wCD44, CD45, CD90, SWC9, fibronectin), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin and their potential for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation using different induction media. Results: pMSCs retained their capacity for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and the number of CD90-positive cells increased significantly over more than 60 population doublings. CD90 expression in uninduced cells correlated strongly with ALP expression following osteogenic induction. Medium enriched with calcium yielded a stronger osteogenic response. Conclusion: The selection of CD90-positive MSCs and adequate levels of calcium seem to enhance the osteogenic phenotype for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna E Zimmermann
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Yahya Acil
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Terheyden
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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10
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Ding M, Koroma KE, Wendt D, Martin I, Martinetti R, Jespersen S, Schrøder HD, Overgaard S. Efficacy of bioreactor-activated bone substitute with bone marrow nuclear cells on fusion rate and fusion mass microarchitecture in sheep. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1862-1875. [PMID: 35233920 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors have been used for bone graft engineering in pre-clinical investigations over the past 15 years. The ability of bioreactor-incubated bone marrow nuclear cells (BMNCs) to enhance bone-forming potential varies significantly, and the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of BMNCs within the scaffold is largely unknown. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the efficacy of a carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with/without BMNCs on spine fusion rate and fusion mass microarchitecture using a highly challenging two-level posterolateral spine fusion without instrumentation; and (2) to evaluate 3D distribution of BMNCs within scaffolds characterized by immunohistochemistry. Fusion rate and fusion mass were quantified by micro-CT, microarchitectural analysis, and histology. While the homogenous 3D distribution of BMNCs was not observed, BMNCs were found to migrate towards a substitute core. In the autograft group, the healing rate was 83.3%, irrespective of the presence of BMNCs. In the CHA group, also 83.3% was fused in the presence of BMNCs, and 66.7% fused without BMNCs. A significant decrease in the fusion mass porosity (p = .001) of the CHA group suggested the deposition of mineralized bone. The autograft group revealed more bone, thicker trabeculae, and better trabecular orientation but less connection compared to the CHA group. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the ability of bioreactors to incubate a large-sized substitute coated with viable BMNCs with the potential for proliferation and differentiation. These findings suggested that a bioreactor-activated substitute is comparable to autograft on spine fusion and that new functional bone regeneration could be achieved by a combination of BMNCs, biomaterials, and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kariatta Esther Koroma
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Wendt
- Department of Surgery and of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Surgery and of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stig Jespersen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Daa Schrøder
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Therapeutic Potential of Human Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031439. [PMID: 35163361 PMCID: PMC8835918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for diverse diseases and injuries. The biological and clinical advantages of human fetal MSCs (hfMSCs) have recently been reported. In terms of promising therapeutic approaches for diverse diseases and injuries, hfMSCs have gained prominence as healing tools for clinical therapies. Therefore, this review assesses not the only biological advantages of hfMSCs for healing human diseases and regeneration, but also the research evidence for the engraftment and immunomodulation of hfMSCs based on their sources and biological components. Of particular clinical relevance, the present review also suggests the potential therapeutic feasibilities of hfMSCs for musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
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12
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Lehmann J, Narcisi R, Franceschini N, Chatzivasileiou D, Boer CG, Koevoet WJLM, Putavet D, Drabek D, van Haperen R, de Keizer PLJ, van Osch GJVM, Ten Berge D. WNT/beta-catenin signalling interrupts a senescence-induction cascade in human mesenchymal stem cells that restricts their expansion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:82. [PMID: 35048158 PMCID: PMC8770385 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Senescence, the irreversible cell cycle arrest of damaged cells, is accompanied by a deleterious pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescence and the SASP are major factors in aging, cancer, and degenerative diseases, and interfere with the expansion of adult cells in vitro, yet little is known about how to counteract their induction and deleterious effects. Paracrine signals are increasingly recognized as important senescence triggers and understanding their regulation and mode of action may provide novel opportunities to reduce senescence-induced inflammation and improve cell-based therapies. Here, we show that the signalling protein WNT3A counteracts the induction of paracrine senescence in cultured human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We find that entry into senescence in a small subpopulation of MSCs triggers a secretome that causes a feed-forward signalling cascade that with increasing speed induces healthy cells into senescence. WNT signals interrupt this cascade by repressing cytokines that mediate this induction of senescence. Inhibition of those mediators by interference with NF-κB or interleukin 6 signalling reduced paracrine senescence in absence of WNT3A and promoted the expansion of MSCs. Our work reveals how WNT signals can antagonize senescence and has relevance not only for expansion of adult cells but can also provide new insights into senescence-associated inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lehmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, Division LAB, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja Franceschini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danai Chatzivasileiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy G Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Putavet
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, Division LAB, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dubravka Drabek
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Harbour Biomed, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rien van Haperen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Harbour Biomed, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L J de Keizer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, Division LAB, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derk Ten Berge
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Ahmed E, Saleh T, Xu M. Recellularization of Native Tissue Derived Acellular Scaffolds with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071787. [PMID: 34359955 PMCID: PMC8304639 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of decellularized scaffolds is still challenging because of the recellularization-related limitations, including the finding of the most optimal kind of cell(s) and the best way to control their distribution within the scaffolds to generate native mimicking tissues. That is why researchers have been encouraged to study stem cells, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as alternative cells to repopulate and functionalize the scaffolds properly. MSCs could be obtained from various sources and have therapeutic effects on a wide range of inflammatory/degenerative diseases. Therefore, in this mini-review, we will discuss the benefits using of MSCs for recellularization, the factors affecting their efficiency, and the drawbacks that may need to be overcome to generate bioengineered transplantable organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Tarek Saleh
- Department of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-513-558-4725; Fax: +1-513-558-2141
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14
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Human Olfactory Mucosa Stem Cells Delivery Using a Collagen Hydrogel: As a Potential Candidate for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143909. [PMID: 34300827 PMCID: PMC8306468 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For bone tissue engineering, stem cell-based therapy has become a promising option. Recently, cell transplantation supported by polymeric carriers has been increasingly evaluated. Herein, we encapsulated human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSC) in the collagen hydrogel system, and their osteogenic potential was assessed in vitro and in vivo conditions. Collagen type I was composed of four different concentrations of (4 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, 7 mg/mL). SDS-Page, FTIR, rheologic test, resazurin assay, live/dead assay, and SEM were used to characterize collagen hydrogels. OE-MSCs encapsulated in the optimum concentration of collagen hydrogel and transplanted in rat calvarial defects. The tissue samples were harvested after 4- and 8-weeks post-transplantation and assessed by optical imaging, micro CT, and H&E staining methods. The highest porosity and biocompatibility were confirmed in all scaffolds. The collagen hydrogel with 7 mg/mL concentration was presented as optimal mechanical properties close to the naïve bone. Furthermore, the same concentration illustrated high osteogenic differentiation confirmed by real-time PCR and alizarin red S methods. Bone healing has significantly occurred in defects treated with OE-MSCs encapsulated hydrogels in vivo. As a result, OE-MSCs with suitable carriers could be used as an appropriate cell source to address clinical bone complications.
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15
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Crippa S, Santi L, Berti M, De Ponti G, Bernardo ME. Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663316. [PMID: 34017834 PMCID: PMC8129582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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16
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Wechsler ME, Rao VV, Borelli AN, Anseth KS. Engineering the MSC Secretome: A Hydrogel Focused Approach. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001948. [PMID: 33594836 PMCID: PMC8035320 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of exogenously delivered mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been largely attributed to their secretory properties. However, clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is hindered due to loss of MSC regenerative properties during large-scale expansion and low survival/retention post-delivery. These limitations might be overcome by designing hydrogel culture platforms to modulate the MSC microenvironment. Hydrogel systems could be engineered to i) promote MSC proliferation and maintain regenerative properties (i.e., stemness and secretion) during ex vivo expansion, ii) improve MSC survival, retention, and engraftment in vivo, and/or iii) direct the MSC secretory profile using tailored biochemical and biophysical cues. Herein, it is reviewed how hydrogel material properties (i.e., matrix modulus, viscoelasticity, dimensionality, cell adhesion, and porosity) influence MSC secretion, mediated through cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. In addition, it is highlighted how biochemical cues (i.e., small molecules, peptides, and proteins) can improve and direct the MSC secretory profile. Last, the authors' perspective is provided on future work toward the understanding of how microenvironmental cues influence the MSC secretome, and designing the next generation of biomaterials, with optimized biophysical and biochemical cues, to direct the MSC secretory profile for improved clinical translation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Varsha V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Alexandra N Borelli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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17
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Gene Profiles in the Early Stage of Neuronal Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Induced by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2020:8857057. [PMID: 33424980 PMCID: PMC7775150 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8857057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A stably established population of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential was expanded in vitro for more than 50 passages. These cells express high levels of mesenchymal stem cell markers and can be differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages in vitro. Subjected to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment, a typical neuronal phenotype was induced in these cells, as supported by neuronal morphology, induction of neuronal markers, and relevant electrophysiological excitability. To identify the genes regulating neuronal differentiation, cDNA microarray analysis was conducted using mRNAs isolated from cells differentiated for different time periods (0, 4, 24, and 72 h) after bFGF treatment. Various expression patterns of neuronal genes were stimulated by bFGF. These gene profiles were shown to be involved in developmental, functional, and structural integration of the nervous system. The expression of representative genes stimulated by bFGF in each group was verified by RT-PCR. Amongst proneural genes, the mammalian achate-schute homolog 1 (Mash-1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor, was further demonstrated to be significantly upregulated. Overexpression of Mash-1 in mouse BMSCs was shown to induce the expression of neuronal specific enolase (NSE) and terminal neuronal morphology, suggesting that Mash-1 plays an important role in the induction of neuronal differentiation of mouse BMSCs.
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18
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Simorgh S, Alizadeh R, Shabani R, Karimzadeh F, Seidkhani E, Majidpoor J, Moradi F, Kasbiyan H. Olfactory mucosa stem cells delivery via nasal route: a simple way for the treatment of Parkinson disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:598-608. [PMID: 33433781 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Finding a simple and effective way for transferring cells to the brain lesion site with minimum side effects mounts a challenge in cell therapy. Cell delivery via nasal route using the bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) property is a simple and non-invasive strategy without serious complications such as trauma. Therefore, it is a suitable technique to treat neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) located in the lamina propria of olfactory mucosa could be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Thus, OE-MSCs represent a good source of Parkinson's stem cell-based therapy. In this research, we studied thirty male rats (n = 10 in each group) in three control (Ctl), lesion (LE), and intranasal administration (INA) groups to investigate the therapeutic effect of intranasal injection of OE-MSCs in the Parkinson's animal models. To do so, we examined the homing variation of OE-MSCs in different brain regions such as olfactory bulb (OB), cortex, striatum (Str), hippocampus (HPC), and substantia nigra (SN). The results of real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis showed the expression of dopaminergic neuron markers such as PITX3, PAX2, PAX5 (as dopaminergic neurons markers), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and dopamine transporter (DAT) 2 months after INA of 1 × 106 OE-MSCs. The results confirmed that IN OE-MSCs delivery into the central nervous system (CNS) was powerful enough to improve the behavioral functions in the animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simorgh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, HazratRasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronk Shabani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Karimzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Seidkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kasbiyan
- Department of chemical engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Expansion and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2221:15-28. [PMID: 32979195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0989-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSC) are adult multipotent progenitor cells that can be isolated from bone marrow. BM-MSCs have the ability to be expanded and differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage in vitro. Here we describe a standardized method to expand and chondrogenically differentiate human BM-MSCs, highlighting how to overcome technical challenges and indicating the most common readout parameters to evaluate the chondrogenic differentiation capacity.
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20
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Johnstone BH, Miller HM, Beck MR, Gu D, Thirumala S, LaFontaine M, Brandacher G, Woods EJ. Identification and characterization of a large source of primary mesenchymal stem cells tightly adhered to bone surfaces of human vertebral body marrow cavities. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:617-628. [PMID: 32873509 PMCID: PMC8919862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness in treating many different disease indications. Eventual commercialization for broad distribution will require further improvements in manufacturing processes to economically manufacture MSCs at scales sufficient to satisfy projected demands. A key contributor to the present high cost of goods sold for MSC manufacturing is the need to create master cell banks from multiple donors, which leads to variability in large-scale manufacturing runs. Therefore, the availability of large single donor depots of primary MSCs would greatly benefit the cell therapy market by reducing costs associated with manufacturing. Methods: We have discovered that an abundant population of cells possessing all the hallmarks of MSCs is tightly associated with the vertebral body (VB) bone matrix and only liberated by proteolytic digestion. Here we demonstrate that these vertebral bone-adherent (vBA) MSCs possess all the International Society of Cell and Gene Therapy-defined characteristics (e.g., plastic adherence, surface marker expression and trilineage differentiation) of MSCs, and we have therefore termed them vBA-MSCs to distinguish this population from loosely associated MSCs recovered through aspiration or rinsing of the bone marrow compartment. Results: Pilot banking and expansion were performed with vBA-MSCs obtained from 3 deceased donors, and it was demonstrated that bank sizes averaging 2.9 × 108 ± 1.35 × 108 vBA-MSCs at passage 1 were obtainable from only 5 g of digested VB bone fragments. Each bank of cells demonstrated robust proliferation through a total of 9 passages, without significant reduction in population doubling times. The theoretical total cell yield from the entire amount of bone fragments (approximately 300 g) from each donor with limited expansion through 4 passages is 100 trillion (1 × 1014) vBA-MSCs, equating to over 105 doses at 10 × 106 cells/kg for an average 70-kg recipient. Discussion: Thus, we have established a novel and plentiful source of MSCs that will benefit the cell therapy market by overcoming manufacturing and regulatory inefficiencies due to donor-to-donor variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Johnstone
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Hannah M Miller
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Madelyn R Beck
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sreedhar Thirumala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael LaFontaine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik J Woods
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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21
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Mondragón E, Cowdin M, Taraballi F, Minardi S, Tasciotti E, Gregory CA, Kaunas R. Mimicking the Organic and Inorganic Composition of Anabolic Bone Enhances Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteoinduction and Scaffold Mechanical Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:753. [PMID: 32719790 PMCID: PMC7347795 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered bone graft designs have been largely inspired by adult bone despite functionally significant differences from the composition of anabolic bone in both the mineralized and non-mineralized fractions. Specifically, anabolic bone contains hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions that facilitate bone turnover and relatively rare collagens type VI and XII that are important for normal bone development. In this work, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in lyophilized collagen type I scaffolds mineralized with hydroxyapatite containing Mg2+ substitutions, then induced to deposit an extracellular matrix (ECM) containing collagens VI and XII by exposure to GW9662, a PPARγ inhibitor. Delivery of GW9662 was accomplished through either Supplemented Media or via composite microspheres embedded in the scaffolds for localized delivery. Furthermore, hMSCs and scaffolds were cultured in both static and perfuse conditions to investigate the interaction between GW9662 treatment and perfusion and their effects on ECM deposition trends. Perfusion culture enhanced cell infiltration into the scaffold, deposition of collagen VI and XII, as well as osteogenic differentiation, as determined by gene expression of osteopontin, BMP2, and ALP. Furthermore, scaffold mineral density and compressive modulus were increased in response to both GW9662 treatment and perfusion after 3 weeks of culture. Local delivery of GW9662 with drug-eluting microspheres had comparable effects to systemic delivery in the perfusate. Together, these results demonstrate a strategy to create a scaffold mimicking both organic and inorganic characteristics of anabolic bone and its potential as a bone graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Mondragón
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mitzy Cowdin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silvia Minardi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Roland Kaunas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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22
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Olm F, Lim HC, Schallmoser K, Strunk D, Laurell T, Scheding S. Acoustophoresis Enables the Label‐Free Separation of Functionally Different Subsets of Cultured Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Cytometry A 2020; 99:476-487. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Olm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Haematology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
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23
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Liu J, Ding Y, Liu Z, Liang X. Senescence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Alterations, Molecular Mechanisms, and Rejuvenation Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:258. [PMID: 32478063 PMCID: PMC7232554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation. There is increasing evidence of the therapeutic value of MSCs in various clinical situations, however, these cells gradually lose their regenerative potential with age, with a concomitant increase in cellular dysfunction. Stem cell aging and replicative exhaustion are considered as hallmarks of aging and functional attrition in organisms. MSCs do not proliferate infinitely but undergo only a limited number of population doublings before becoming senescent. This greatly hinders their clinical application, given that cultures must be expanded to obtain a sufficient number of cells for cell-based therapy. Here, we review the current knowledge of the phenotypic and functional characteristics of senescent MSCs, molecular mechanisms underlying MSCs aging, and strategies to rejuvenate senescent MSCs, which can broaden their range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Huang R, Li W, Zhao Y, Yang F, Xu M. Clinical efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19434. [PMID: 32176071 PMCID: PMC7220405 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy as a clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis. This meta-analysis is expected to provide evidence of the efficacy of stem cell therapy, which is currently controversial, as a conservative treatment for knee osteoarthritis. METHODS An online search for relevant articles was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The search terms were "stem cells" and "osteoarthritis." We conducted a quality assessment of the included articles and extracted the following indicators: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) subscales, and adverse events. The RevMan5.3 software was used for determining effect sizes. RESULTS Nine randomized controlled trials involving 339 patients were included. VAS score and IKDC score from baseline to 24 months were improved in the stem cell therapy group compared to those in the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in IKDC score changes from baseline to 6 and 12 months, as well as in WOMAC-Pain, WOMAC-Stiffness, and WOMAC-Physical Function score changes at each visit point. CONCLUSION Stem cell therapy is certainly superior to traditional treatments in the conservative treatment of KOA; it considerably reduces pain with no obvious additional side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Wei Li
- Department of pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of hand surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University
| | - Meng Xu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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The Analysis of In Vivo Aging in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using Colony-Forming Unit-Fibroblast Assay and the CD45 lowCD271 + Phenotype. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5197983. [PMID: 31467563 PMCID: PMC6701348 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5197983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncultured mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used in therapies; however, the effects of donor age on their biological characteristics and gene expression remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related changes in bone marrow (BM) MSCs following minimal or no culture manipulation. Iliac crest BM was aspirated from 67 healthy donors (19-89 years old) and directly used for the colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay or CD45lowCD271+ cell enumeration. The colonies were analysed for colony area and integrated density (ID) when grown in standard MSC media or media supplemented with human serum from young (YS) or old (OS) donors. There was a notable age-related decline in the number of MSCs per millilitre of BM aspirate revealed by the CFU-F assay (r = −0.527, p < 0.0001) or flow cytometry (r = −0.307, p = 0.0116). Compared to young donors (19-40 years old), colony IDs were significantly lower in older donors (61-89 years old), particularly for smaller-sized colonies (42% lower, p < 0.01). When cultured in media supplemented with OS, young and old donor MSCs formed colonies with lower IDs, by 21%, p < 0.0001, and 27%, p < 0.05, respectively, indicating the formation of smaller sparser colonies. No significant differences in the expression of selected adipogenic, osteogenic, stromal, and bone remodelling genes as well as CD295, CD146, CD106, and connexin 43 surface molecules were found in sorted CD45lowCD271+ MSCs from young and old donors (n = 8 donors each). Altogether, these results show similar trends for age-related decline in BM MSC numbers measured by the CFU-F assay and flow cytometry and reveal age-related effects of human serum on MSC colony formation. No significant differences in selected gene expression in uncultured CD45lowCD271+ MSCs suggest that old donor MSCs may not be inferior in regard to their multipotential functions. Due to large donor-to-donor variation in all donor groups, our data indicate that an individual's chronological age is not a reliable predictor of their MSC number or potency.
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Phenotypic Characterization of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Derived Stromal Cell Populations from Human Iliac Crest, Vertebral Body and Femoral Head. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143454. [PMID: 31337109 PMCID: PMC6678175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) In vitro, bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) demonstrate inter-donor phenotypic variability, which presents challenges for the development of regenerative therapies. Here, we investigated whether the frequency of putative BMSC sub-populations within the freshly isolated mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow is phenotypically predictive for the in vitro derived stromal cell culture. (2) Vertebral body, iliac crest, and femoral head bone marrow were acquired from 33 patients (10 female and 23 male, age range 14–91). BMSC sub-populations were identified within freshly isolated mononuclear cell fractions based on cell-surface marker profiles. Stromal cells were expanded in monolayer on tissue culture plastic. Phenotypic assessment of in vitro derived cell cultures was performed by examining growth kinetics, chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. (3) Gender, donor age, and anatomical site were neither predictive for the total yield nor the population doubling time of in vitro derived BMSC cultures. The abundance of freshly isolated progenitor sub-populations (CD45−CD34−CD73+, CD45−CD34−CD146+, NG2+CD146+) was not phenotypically predictive of derived stromal cell cultures in terms of growth kinetics nor plasticity. BMSCs derived from iliac crest and vertebral body bone marrow were more responsive to chondrogenic induction, forming superior cartilaginous tissue in vitro, compared to those isolated from femoral head. (4) The identification of discrete progenitor populations in bone marrow by current cell-surface marker profiling is not predictive for subsequently derived in vitro BMSC cultures. Overall, the iliac crest and the vertebral body offer a more reliable tissue source of stromal progenitor cells for cartilage repair strategies compared to femoral head.
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27
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Alizadeh R, Ramezanpour F, Mohammadi A, Eftekharzadeh M, Simorgh S, Kazemiha M, Moradi F. Differentiation of human olfactory system-derived stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells: A comparison between olfactory bulb and mucosa as two sources of stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19712-19720. [PMID: 31297865 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation has become a possible therapeutic approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the nervous system by replacing lost cells. The current study aimed to make a comparison between the differentiation capacity of the olfactory bulb neural stem cells (OB-NSCs) and olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) into dopaminergic-like neurons under the inductive effect of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). After culturing and treating with TGF-β, the differentiation capacities of both types of stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells were evaluated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis 3 weeks after induction demonstrated that the mRNA expression of the dopaminergic activity markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), paired box gene 2 (PAX2), and PAX5 in the neuron-like cells derived from OB-NSCs was significantly higher than those derived from OE-MSCs. These findings were further supported by the immunocytochemistry staining showing that the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase, DAT, PAX2, and paired like homeodomain 3 seemed to be slightly higher in OB-NSCs compared with OE-MSCs. Despite the lower differentiation capacity of OE-MSCs, other considerations such as a noninvasive and easier harvesting process, faster proliferation attributes, longer life span, autologous transplantability, and also the easier and inexpensive cultural process of the OE-MSCs, cumulatively make these cells the more appropriate alternative in the case of autologous transplantation during the treatment process of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Eftekharzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Kazemiha
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Simorgh S, Alizadeh R, Eftekharzadeh M, Haramshahi SMA, Milan PB, Doshmanziari M, Ramezanpour F, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Seifi M, Moradi F. Olfactory mucosa stem cells: An available candidate for the treatment of the Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23763-23773. [PMID: 31173364 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) possess the immunosuppressive activity and regeneration capacity and hold a lot of promises for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. This study aimed to determine OE-MSCs which are able to augment and differentiate into functional neurons and regenerate the CNS and also examine whether the implantation of OE-MSCs in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNpc) can improve Parkinson's symptoms in a rat model-induced with 6-hydroxydopamine. We isolated OE-MSCs from lamina propria in olfactory mucosa and characterized them using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The therapeutic potential of OE-MSCs was evaluated by the transplantation of isolated cells using a rat model of acute SN injury as a Parkinson's disease. Significant behavioral improvement in Parkinsonian rats was elicited by the OE-MSCs. The results demonstrate that the expression of PAX2, PAX5, PITX3, dopamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase was increased by OE-MSCs compared to the control group which is analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction technique and immunohistochemical staining. In the outcome, the transplantation of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3'3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate labeled OE-MSCs that were fully differentiated to dopaminergic neurons contribute to a substantial improvement in patients with Parkinson's. Together, our results provide that using OE-MSCs in neurodegenerative disorders might lead to better neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simorgh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Eftekharzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Haramshahi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Doshmanziari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Seifi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tietze S, Kräter M, Jacobi A, Taubenberger A, Herbig M, Wehner R, Schmitz M, Otto O, List C, Kaya B, Wobus M, Bornhäuser M, Guck J. Spheroid Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Results in Morphorheological Properties Appropriate for Improved Microcirculation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802104. [PMID: 31016116 PMCID: PMC6469243 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used in clinical trials for the treatment of systemic inflammatory diseases due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. However, intravenous administration of MSCs is hampered by cell trapping within the pulmonary capillary networks. Here, it is hypothesized that traditional 2D plastic-adherent cell expansion fails to result in appropriate morphorheological properties required for successful cell circulation. To address this issue, a method to culture MSCs in nonadherent 3D spheroids (mesenspheres) is adapted. The biological properties of mesensphere-cultured MSCs remain identical to conventional 2D cultures. However, morphorheological analyses reveal a smaller size and lower stiffness of mesensphere-derived MSCs compared to plastic-adherent MSCs, measured using real-time deformability cytometry and atomic force microscopy. These properties result in an increased ability to pass through microconstrictions in an ex vivo microcirculation assay. This ability is confirmed in vivo by comparison of cell accumulation in various organ capillary networks after intravenous injection of both types of MSCs in mouse. The findings generally identify cellular morphorheological properties as attractive targets for improving microcirculation and specifically suggest mesensphere culture as a promising approach for optimized MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Tietze
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenTatzberg 47‐4901307DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenTatzberg 47‐4901307DresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinStaudtstraße 291058ErlangenGermany
| | - Angela Jacobi
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenTatzberg 47‐4901307DresdenGermany
| | - Anna Taubenberger
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenTatzberg 47‐4901307DresdenGermany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenTatzberg 47‐4901307DresdenGermany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of ImmunologyMedical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenFetscherstraße 7401307DresdenGermany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of ImmunologyMedical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenFetscherstraße 7401307DresdenGermany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenTatzberg 47‐4901307DresdenGermany
| | - Catrin List
- Medical Clinic IUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenFetscherstraße 7401307DresdenGermany
| | - Berna Kaya
- Medical Clinic IUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenFetscherstraße 7401307DresdenGermany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Medical Clinic IUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenFetscherstraße 7401307DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic IUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTU DresdenFetscherstraße 7401307DresdenGermany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenTatzberg 47‐4901307DresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinStaudtstraße 291058ErlangenGermany
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30
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Iwasaki K, Komaki M, Akazawa K, Nagata M, Yokoyama N, Watabe T, Morita I. Spontaneous differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into myofibroblast during ex vivo expansion. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20377-20391. [PMID: 30963561 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by the chronic inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) is the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population isolated from periodontal ligament, which is the key tissue for regeneration of periodontal tissues. Although transplantation of PDLSCs is proposed as novel regenerative therapy, limited information is available, regarding the characteristic change of PDLSCs during ex vivo expansion. In this study, we encountered morphological change of PDLSCs during standard cell culture and aimed to investigate the change of PDLSCs in stem cell characteristics and to search for the culture condition to maintain stem cell properties. Characteristics of PDLSCs were examined using in vitro osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Myofibroblast differentiation was confirmed using immunohistochemistry and collagen gel contraction assay. Replicative senescence was examined by β-gal staining. PDLSCs changed their morphology from spindle to flat and wide during ex vivo expansion. After the morphological change, PDLSCs showed several features of myofibroblast including extensive stress fiber formation, contraction activity, and myofibroblast marker expression. Upon the morphological change, osteoblastic and adipocyte differentiation capacity were reduced and expression of stem cell-related genes were decreased. β-Gal staining was not always correlated with the morphological change of PDLSCs. Moreover, exogenous addition of bFGF and PDGF-BB served to maintain spindle shape and osteoblastic differentiation potential of PDLSCs. This study demonstrates that spontaneous differentiation of PDLSCs during ex vivo expansion and may provide the important information of cell culture condition of PDLSCs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Iwasaki
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Nanomedicine (DNP), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Komaki
- Department of Nanomedicine (DNP), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Akazawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yokoyama
- Biomaterial Laboratory, Research and Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Rojewski MT, Lotfi R, Gjerde C, Mustafa K, Veronesi E, Ahmed AB, Wiesneth M, Körper S, Sensebé L, Layrolle P, Hellem S, Schrezenmeier H. Translation of a standardized manufacturing protocol for mesenchymal stromal cells: A systematic comparison of validation and manufacturing data. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:468-482. [PMID: 30926359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many data are available on expansion protocols for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for both experimental settings and manufacturing for clinical trials. However, there is a lack of information on translation of established protocols for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) from validation to manufacturing for clinical application. We present the validation and translation of a standardized pre-clinical protocol for isolation and expansion of MSCs for a clinical trial for reconstitution of alveolar bone. METHODS Key parameters of 22 large-scale expansions of MSCs from bone marrow (BM) for validation were compared with 11 expansions manufactured for the clinical trial "Jaw bone reconstruction using a combination of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and biomaterial prior to dental implant placement (MAXILLO1)" aimed at reconstruction of alveolar bone. RESULTS Despite variations of the starting material, the robust protocol led to stable performance characteristics of expanded MSCs. Manufacturing of the autologous advanced therapy medicinal product MAXILLO-1-MSC was possible, requiring 21 days for each product. Transport of BM aspirates and MSCs within 24 h was guaranteed. MSCs fulfilled quality criteria requested by the national competent authority. In one case, the delivered MSCs developed a mosaic in chromosomal finding, showing no abnormality in differentiation capacity, growth behavior or surface marker expression during long-term culture. The proportion of cells with the mosaic decreased in long-term culture and cells stopped growth after 38.4 population doublings. CONCLUSIONS Clinical use of freshly prepared MSCs, manufactured according to a standardized and validated protocol, is feasible for bone regeneration, even if there was a long local distance between manufacturing center and clinical site. Several parameters, such as colony forming units fibroblasts (CFU-F), percentage of CD34+ cells, cell count of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), of the BM may serve as a predictive tool for the yield of MSCs and may help to avoid unnecessary costs for MSC manufacturing due to insufficient cell expansion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cecilie Gjerde
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aymen B Ahmed
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Markus Wiesneth
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sixten Körper
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Sensebé
- UMR5273 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UPS, Établissement francais du sang (EFS)-INSERM U1031, STROMAlab, Toulouse, France; Établissement francais du sang (EFS) Pyrénées-Méditeranée, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Inserm U957, Laboratory for Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sølve Hellem
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
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32
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Rao VV, Vu MK, Ma H, Killaars AR, Anseth KS. Rescuing mesenchymal stem cell regenerative properties on hydrogel substrates post serial expansion. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:51-60. [PMID: 30680318 PMCID: PMC6336661 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) in most clinical trials requires millions of cells/kg, necessitating ex vivo expansion typically on stiff substrates (tissue culture polystyrene [TCPS]), which induces osteogenesis and replicative senescence. Here, we quantified how serial expansion on TCPS influences proliferation, expression of hMSC-specific surface markers, mechanosensing, and secretome. Results show decreased proliferation and surface marker expression after five passages (P5) and decreased mechanosensing ability and cytokine production at later passages (P11-P12). Next, we investigated the capacity of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel matrices (E ~ 1 kPa) to rescue hMSC regenerative properties. Hydrogels reversed the reduction in cell surface marker expression observed at P5 on TCPS and increased secretion of cytokines for P11 hMSCs. Collectively, these results show that TCPS expansion significantly changes functional properties of hMSCs. However, some changes can be rescued by using hydrogels, suggesting that tailoring material properties could improve in vitro expansion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha V. Rao
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
- BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
| | - Michael K. Vu
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
- BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
| | - Hao Ma
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
- BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
| | - Anouk R. Killaars
- BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
- Dept. of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80309
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
- BioFrontiers InstituteUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO, 80303
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Human olfactory stem cells: As a promising source of dopaminergic neuron-like cells for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 696:52-59. [PMID: 30552942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from stem cells holds a great promise for future clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) derived from the adult human olfactory mucosa can be easily isolated and expanded in culture while maintaining their immense plasticity. In addition to reduced ethical concerns, OE-MSCs could be transplanted across allogeneic barriers, making them desirable stem cells for clinical applications. The goal of this study was to define the potentiality of human olfactory mucosa-derived MSCs aimed at differentiation into DA neuron-like cells. OE-MSCs were induced to differentiate to DA neuron-like cells in vitro by using sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Then the differentiated neurons were characterized for expression of DA neuron markers by Real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Our findings showed that differentiated OE-MSCs could significantly express DA neuron markers at mRNA and protein levels along with dopamine release 12 days post-differentiation. These results support the viability and feasibility of using OE-MSCs as a source of in vitro generated DA neuron-like cells for treatment of DA disorders namely PD.
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34
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Thorpe AA, Freeman C, Farthing P, Callaghan J, Hatton PV, Brook IM, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. In vivo safety and efficacy testing of a thermally triggered injectable hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration and augmentation in a rat model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18277-18295. [PMID: 29719605 PMCID: PMC5915072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss resulting from degenerative diseases and trauma is a significant clinical burden which is likely to grow exponentially with the aging population. In a number of conditions where pre-formed materials are clinically inappropriate an injectable bone forming hydrogel could be beneficial. The development of an injectable hydrogel to stimulate bone repair and regeneration would have broad clinical impact and economic benefit in a variety of orthopedic clinical applications. We have previously reported the development of a Laponite® crosslinked pNIPAM-co-DMAc (L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc) hydrogel delivery system, loaded with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPna), which was capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without the need for additional growth factors in vitro. However to enable progression towards clinical acceptability, biocompatibility and efficacy of the L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc hydrogel to induce bone repair in vivo must be determined. Biocompatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation for 6 weeks in rats, and efficacy to augment bone repair was evaluated within a rat femur defect model for 4 weeks. No inflammatory reactions, organ toxicity or systemic toxicity were observed. In young male rats where hydrogel was injected, defect healing was less effective than sham operated controls when rat MSCs were incorporated. Enhanced bone healing was observed however, in aged exbreeder female rats where acellular hydrogel was injected, with increased deposition of collagen type I and Runx2. Integration of the hydrogel with surrounding bone was observed without the need for delivered MSCs; native cell infiltration was also seen and bone formation was observed within all hydrogel systems investigated. This hydrogel can be delivered directly into the target site, is biocompatible, promotes increased bone formation and facilitates migration of cells to promote integration with surrounding bone, for safe and efficacious bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey A Thorpe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
| | | | - Paula Farthing
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Jill Callaghan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Ian M Brook
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Chris Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
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Detela G, Bain OW, Kim HW, Williams DJ, Mason C, Mathur A, Wall IB. Donor Variability in Growth Kinetics of Healthy hMSCs Using Manual Processing: Considerations for Manufacture of Cell Therapies. Biotechnol J 2018; 13. [PMID: 29334181 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are excellent candidates for cell therapy but their expansion to desired clinical quantities can be compromised by ex vivo processing, due to differences between donor material and process variation. The aim of this article is to characterize growth kinetics of healthy baseline "reference" hMSCs using typical manual processing. Bone-marrow derived hMSCs from ten donors are isolated based on plastic adherence, expanded, and analyzed for their growth kinetics until passage 4. Results indicate that hMSC density decreases with overall time in culture (p < 0.001) but no significant differences are observed between successive passages after passage 1. In addition, fold increase in cell number dropped between passage 1 and 2 for three batches, which correlated to lower performance in total fold increase and expansion potential of these batches, suggesting that proliferative ability of hMSCs can be predicted at an early stage. An indicative bounded operating window is determined between passage 1 and 3 (PDL < 10), despite the high inter-donor variability present under standardized hMSC expansion conditions used. hMSC growth profile analysis will be of benefit to cell therapy manufacturing as a tool to predict culture performance and attainment of clinically-relevant yields, therefore stratifying the patient population based on early observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Detela
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen W Bain
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,College of Dentistry and Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN),, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - David J Williams
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Mason
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Mathur
- Barts Health NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, London Chest Hospital, London E2 9JX, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan B Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B4 7ET, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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36
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Khurshid M, Mulet-Sierra A, Adesida A, Sen A. Osteoarthritic human chondrocytes proliferate in 3D co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells in suspension bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1418-e1432. [PMID: 28752579 DOI: 10.1002/term.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful disease, characterized by progressive surface erosion of articular cartilage. The use of human articular chondrocytes (hACs) sourced from OA patients has been proposed as a potential therapy for cartilage repair, but this approach is limited by the lack of scalable methods to produce clinically relevant quantities of cartilage-generating cells. Previous studies in static culture have shown that hACs co-cultured with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as 3D pellets can upregulate proliferation and generate neocartilage with enhanced functional matrix formation relative to that produced from either cell type alone. However, because static culture flasks are not readily amenable to scale up, scalable suspension bioreactors were investigated to determine if they could support the co-culture of hMSCs and OA hACs under serum-free conditions to facilitate clinical translation of this approach. When hACs and hMSCs (1:3 ratio) were inoculated at 20,000 cells/ml into 125-ml suspension bioreactors and fed weekly, they spontaneously formed 3D aggregates and proliferated, resulting in a 4.75-fold increase over 16 days. Whereas the apparent growth rate was lower than that achieved during co-culture as a 2D monolayer in static culture flasks, bioreactor co-culture as 3D aggregates resulted in a significantly lower collagen I to II mRNA expression ratio and more than double the glycosaminoglycan/DNA content (5.8 vs. 2.5 μg/μg). The proliferation of hMSCs and hACs as 3D aggregates in serum-free suspension culture demonstrates that scalable bioreactors represent an accessible platform capable of supporting the generation of clinical quantities of cells for use in cell-based cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khurshid
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adetola Adesida
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Bornes TD, Adesida AB, Jomha NM. Articular Cartilage Repair with Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Chondrogenic Priming: A Pilot Study. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:761-774. [PMID: 28982297 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising cell source for treating articular cartilage defects. The objective of this study was to assess a protocol that involved autologous transplantation of BMSCs into full-thickness cartilage defects in sheep following isolation, expansion, and a short period (4 days) of chondrogenic priming. The impact of oxygen tension during preimplantation culture was investigated. It was hypothesized that chondrogenically primed BMSCs would produce superior cartilaginous repair tissue relative to control defects, and that culture under hypoxia would yield improved repair tissue in comparison to normoxia. Ovine BMSCs were isolated, expanded to passage 2, seeded within a hyaluronic acid (HYAFF) scaffold, and primed ex vivo in chondrogenic medium for 4 days under normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (3% oxygen). Full-thickness, 7-mm-diameter articular cartilage defects were created in the femoral condyles of five sheep. Twenty defects were treated with normoxia-cultured, autologous BMSC-seeded scaffolds (eight); hypoxia-cultured, autologous BMSC-seeded scaffolds (eight); cell-free scaffolds (two); or no implants (two). Preimplantation priming was evaluated through gene expression analysis using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After 6 months, histological assessment was performed on repair tissues with a modified O'Driscoll scoring system and tissue dimension analysis. Priming of preimplantation BMSC-seeded scaffolds in chondrogenic medium for 4 days resulted in significantly increased gene expression of hyaline cartilage-related collagen II and aggrecan relative to unprimed BMSCs (p < 0.05). Defects implanted with chondrogenically primed BMSC-seeded scaffolds developed cartilaginous repair tissues that contained safranin O-positive proteoglycans, and had significantly larger repair tissue areas, higher percentages of defect fill, and improved histological scores than cell-free controls (p < 0.05). Although hypoxic culture improved the preimplantation gene expression profile, a consistent difference in histological scores was not found between normoxia- and hypoxia-seeded BMSC-seeded scaffolds after 6 months (p = 0.90). This study demonstrates in a sheep model that (1) chondrogenic priming ex vivo improves the gene expression profile of BMSCs; (2) chondrogenically primed BMSCs are associated with the development of superior cartilaginous tissue to cell-free controls within cartilage defects; and (3) oxygen tension during preimplantation ex vivo culture does not consistently modulate cartilaginous repair tissue formation following BMSC transplantation into cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Bornes
- Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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38
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Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell separation methods: concise review. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:443-460. [PMID: 28821996 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) possess unique biological characteristics such as plasticity, long term self-renewal, secretion of various bioactive molecules and ability of active migration to the diseased tissues that make them unique tool for regenerative medicine, nowadays. Until now MSCs were successfully derived from many tissue sources including bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, dental pulp etc. The crucial step prior to their in vitro expansion, banking or potential clinical application is their separation. This review article aims to briefly describe the main MSCs separations techniques currently available, their basic principles, as well as their advantages and limits. In addition the attention is paid to the markers presently applicable for immunoaffinity-based separation of MSCs from different tissues and organs.
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Li S, Jiang Y, Li A, Liu X, Xing X, Guo Y, Xu Y, Hao Y, Zheng C. Telomere length is positively associated with the expression of IL‑6 and MIP‑1α in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of multiple myeloma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2497-2504. [PMID: 28677723 PMCID: PMC5547952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential roles of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) are largely unknown. In the current study, the authors analyzed telomere length and the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in MSCs derived from the bone marrow (BM) of MM patients and controls. The current results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in cell surface expression of CD73 and CD90, and the capacity to differentiate into bone tissue were identified between the BM MSCs derived from MM patients and controls. Interestingly, telomere length (TL) and mRNA expressions of IL-6 and MIP-1α were significantly longer or higher in BM MSCs of MM than those of controls. Moreover, TL is positively associated with the expressions of IL-6 and MIP-1α at the mRNA level in BM MSCs of MM. Additionally, IL-6 and MIP-1α expression were significantly upregulated when MSCs from MM patients were cultured in the myeloma associated condition medium. The present study indicated that myeloma-associated elongation of TL of BM MSCs may be a key element contributing to the increased IL-6 and MIP-1α expression, by which MSCs in the tumor microenvironment may facilitate MM and/or MM bone disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ai Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yunliang Hao
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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40
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Szychlinska MA, Stoddart MJ, D'Amora U, Ambrosio L, Alini M, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration Approach and Cell Senescence: Can We Manipulate Cell Aging and Function? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:529-539. [PMID: 28514935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor triggering several degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Due to its poor self-healing capacity, once injured cartilage needs to be reestablished. This process might be approached through resorting to cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising approach due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. Presently, in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is limited by two main reasons as follows: aging of MSCs, which determines the loss of cell proliferative and differentiation capacity and MSC-derived chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, which limits the use of these cells in cartilage tissue regeneration approach. The effect of aging on MSCs is fundamental for stem cell-based therapy development, especially in older subjects. In the present review we focus on homeostasis alterations occurring in MSC-derived chondrocytes during in vitro aging. Moreover, we deal with potential cell aging regulation approaches, such as cell stimulation through telomerase activators, mechanical strain, and epigenetic regulation. Future investigations in this field might provide new insights into innovative strategies for cartilage regeneration and potentially inspire novel therapeutic approaches for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Szychlinska
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Ugo D'Amora
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy .,4 Department of Chemical Science and Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy , Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Alini
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy .,5 Department of Health, Institut des Etudes Universitaries , UniPoliSI, Veyras, Switzerland
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41
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Predicting the Remaining Lifespan and Cultivation-Related Loss of Osteogenic Capacity of Bone Marrow Multipotential Stromal Cells Applicable across a Broad Donor Age Range. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6129596. [PMID: 28298930 PMCID: PMC5337353 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6129596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Culture expanded multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) have considerable potential for bone regeneration therapy but their wider use is constrained by the lack of simple and predictive assays of functional potency. Extended passaging leads to loss of multipotency but speed of decline depends on MSC donor age. The aim of this study was to develop an assay predictive of MSC culture longevity applicable to a broad donor age range. Materials and Methods. Bone marrow (BM, n = 7) was obtained from a diverse range (2–72 years) of healthy donors. MSCs were culture expanded to senescence and their osteoprogenitor content, gene expression profiles, epigenetic signature, and telomere behaviour were measured throughout. Output data was combined for modelling purposes. Results. Regardless of donor age, cultures' osteoprogenitor content correlated better with remaining lifespan (population doublings before senescence, PD-BS) than proliferative history (accrued PDs). Individual gene's expression or telomere length did not predict PD-BS but methylation of individual CpG islands did, PRAMEF2 in particular (r = 0.775). Coupling the steep relationship of relative SPARC expression with PD-BS (r = −0.753) the formula SPARC × 1/PREMEF2 gave an improved correlation (r = −0.893). Conclusion. A formula based on SPARC mRNA and PRAMEF2 methylation may be used to predict remaining BM-MSC longevity and related loss of multipotentiality independent of donor age.
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42
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Challenges for Cartilage Regeneration. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-53574-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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A relativity concept in mesenchymal stromal cell manufacturing. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:613-20. [PMID: 27059199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being experimentally tested in several biological systems and clinical settings with the aim of verifying possible therapeutic effects for a variety of indications. MSCs are also known to be heterogeneous populations, with phenotypic and functional features that depend heavily on the individual donor, the harvest site, and the culture conditions. In the context of this multidimensional complexity, a recurrent question is whether it is feasible to produce MSC batches as "standard" therapeutics, possibly within scalable manufacturing systems. Here, we provide a short overview of the literature on different culture methods for MSCs, including those employing innovative technologies, and of some typically assessed functional features (e.g., growth, senescence, genomic stability, clonogenicity, etc.). We then offer our perspective of a roadmap on how to identify and refine manufacturing systems for MSCs intended for specific clinical indications. We submit that the vision of producing MSCs according to a unique standard, although commercially attractive, cannot yet be scientifically substantiated. Instead, efforts should be concentrated on standardizing methods for characterization of MSCs generated by different groups, possibly covering a vast gamut of functionalities. Such assessments, combined with hypotheses on the therapeutic mode of action and associated clinical data, should ultimately allow definition of in-process controls and measurable release criteria for MSC manufacturing. These will have to be validated as predictive of potency in suitable pre-clinical models and of therapeutic efficacy in patients.
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44
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Bielli A, Scioli MG, Gentile P, Cervelli V, Orlandi A. Adipose-derived stem cells in cartilage regeneration: current perspectives. Regen Med 2016; 11:693-703. [PMID: 27599358 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of cartilage injuries represents a musculoskeletal medicine criticism because of the poor ability to self-renewal of adult cartilage. Therefore, research focuses on developing new regenerative strategies combining chondrocytes or stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. Because of the low proliferation capability of explanted chondrocytes, new chondrogenesis models, employing human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), have been investigated. ASCs are readily accessible with no morbidity and display the capability to differentiate into several cell lineages, including the spontaneous chondrogenic differentiation when entrapped in collagen gel scaffolds. Recent studies also defined some biomolecular mechanisms involved in ASC chondrogenesis in vitro, and their regenerative properties in bioengineered scaffolds and in the presence of growth factors. However, further investigations are required to validate these exciting preclinical results for the application of bioenginereed ASCs in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bielli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Plastic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Plastic Surgery, Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
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45
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Rapid isolation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells using integrated centrifuge-based technology. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:729-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Bornes TD, Jomha NM, Mulet-Sierra A, Adesida AB. Optimal Seeding Densities for In Vitro Chondrogenesis of Two- and Three-Dimensional-Isolated and -Expanded Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells Within a Porous Collagen Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:208-20. [PMID: 26651081 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising cell source for treating articular cartilage defects. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cell seeding density within a collagen I scaffold on in vitro BMSC chondrogenesis following isolation and expansion in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environments. It was hypothesized that both expansion protocols would produce BMSCs capable of hyaline-like chondrogenesis with an optimal seeding density of 10 × 10(6) cells/cm(3). Ovine BMSCs were isolated in a 2D environment by plastic adherence, expanded to passage two in flasks containing an expansion medium, and seeded within collagen I scaffolds at densities of 50, 10, 5, 1, and 0.5 × 10(6) BMSCs/cm(3). For 3D isolation and expansion, aspirates containing known quantities of mononucleated cells (bone marrow-derived mononucleated cells [BMNCs]) were seeded on scaffolds at 50, 10, 5, 1, and 0.5 × 10(6) BMNCs/cm(3) and cultured in the expansion medium for an equivalent duration to 2D expansion. Constructs were differentiated in vitro in the chondrogenic medium for 21 days and assessed with reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, safranin O staining, histological scoring using the Bern Score, collagen immunofluorescence, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification. Two-dimensional-expanded BMSCs seeded at all densities were capable of proteoglycan production and displayed increased expressions of aggrecan and collagen II messenger RNA (mRNA) relative to predifferentiation controls. Collagen II deposition was apparent in scaffolds seeded at 0.5-10 × 10(6) BMSCs/cm(3). Chondrogenesis of 2D-expanded BMSCs was most pronounced in scaffolds seeded at 5-10 × 10(6) BMSCs/cm(3) based on aggrecan and collagen II mRNA, safranin O staining, Bern Score, total GAG, and GAG/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). For 3D-expanded BMSC-seeded scaffolds, increased aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expressions relative to controls were noted with all densities. Proteoglycan deposition was present in scaffolds seeded at 0.5-50 × 10(6) BMNCs/cm(3), while collagen II deposition occurred in scaffolds seeded at 10-50 × 10(6) BMNCs/cm(3). The highest levels of aggrecan and collagen II mRNA, Bern Score, total GAG, and GAG/DNA occurred with seeding at 50 × 10(6) BMNCs/cm(3). Within a collagen I scaffold, 2D- and 3D-expanded BMSCs are capable of hyaline-like chondrogenesis with optimal cell seeding densities of 5-10 × 10(6) BMSCs/cm(3) and 50 × 10(6) BMNCs/cm(3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Bornes
- Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
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47
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Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor signaling promotes culture expansion of undifferentiated human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/stromal Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15042. [PMID: 26461813 PMCID: PMC4602195 DOI: 10.1038/srep15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endometrial MSC (eMSC) are a novel source of MSC easily harvested from the highly regenerative uterine lining. We have developed protocols for eMSC isolation from single cell suspensions using magnetic bead-sorting using a perivascular marker antibody to SUSD2 and culture expansion in serum free medium (SFM). Similar to other MSC, eMSC spontaneously differentiate into fibroblasts during culture expansion decreasing their purity and efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if A83-01, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor prevents eMSC differentiation in culture. SUSD2+ eMSC were cultured in SFM with bFGF/EGF in 5% O2/5% CO2. At passage 6, eMSC were incubated with or without A83-01 for 7 days, then analysed for MSC properties. A83-01 dose dependently promoted SUSD2+ eMSC proliferation and blocked apoptosis via the SMAD 2/3 pathway. Fewer A83-01 treated cells were autofluorescent or stained with β-galactosidase, indicating reduced senescence. A83-01-treated cells had higher cloning efficiency, differentiated into mesodermal lineages and expressed MSC phenotypic markers. These data suggest that A83-01 maintains SUSD2+ eMSC stemness, promoting proliferation by blocking senescence and apoptosis in late passage cultures through binding to TGF-β receptors. Small molecules such as A83-01 may enable the expansion of undifferentiated MSC for use in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies.
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Trivanović D, Jauković A, Popović B, Krstić J, Mojsilović S, Okić-Djordjević I, Kukolj T, Obradović H, Santibanez JF, Bugarski D. Mesenchymal stem cells of different origin: Comparative evaluation of proliferative capacity, telomere length and pluripotency marker expression. Life Sci 2015; 141:61-73. [PMID: 26408916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In vitro expansion changes replication and differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), increasing challenges and risks, while limiting the sufficient number of MSCs required for cytotherapy. Here, we characterized and compared proliferation, differentiation, telomere length and pluripotency marker expression in MSCs of various origins. MAIN METHODS Immunophenotyping, proliferation and differentiation assays were performed. Pluripotency marker (Nanog, Oct-4, SOX-2, SSEA-4) expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Quantitative PCR was performed for relative telomere length (RTL) analyses, while expression of relevant genes for pluripotency markers, differentiation state (Cbfa1, human placental alkaline phosphatase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Sox9 and Collagen II a1), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Peripheral blood MSCs (PB-MSCs) and umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) showed the highest, while periodontal ligament MSCs (PDL-MSCs) and adipose tissue MSCs (AT-MSCs) the lowest values of both the replication potential and RTL. Although MSCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), PDL-MSCs and AT-MSCs showed higher mRNA expression of pluripotency markers, all MSCs expressed pluripotency marker proteins. SHEDs and PDL-MSCs showed prominent capacity for osteogenesis, PB-MSCs and UC-MSCs showed strengthened adipogenic differentiation potential, while AT-MSCs displayed similar differentiation into both lines. SIGNIFICANCE The MSCs populations derived from different sources, although displaying similar phenotype, exhibited high degree of variability regarding biological properties related to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. These data indicate that for more accurate use in cell therapy, individualities of MSCs isolated from different tissues should be identified and taken into consideration when planning their use in clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Popović
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Okić-Djordjević
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan Francisco Santibanez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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LeBlon CE, Casey ME, Fodor CR, Zhang T, Zhang X, Jedlicka SS. Correlation between in vitro expansion-related cell stiffening and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2015; 90:1-15. [PMID: 26381795 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an attractive cell source for tissue regeneration, given their self-renewal and multilineage potential. However, they are present in only small percentages in human bone marrow, and are generally propagated in vitro prior to downstream use. Previous work has shown that hMSC propagation can lead to alterations in cell behavior and differentiation potency, yet optimization of differentiation based on starting cell elastic modulus is an area still under investigation. To further advance the knowledge in this field, hMSCs were cultured and routinely passaged on tissue-culture polystyrene to investigate the correlation between cell stiffening and differentiation potency during in vitro aging. Local cell elastic modulus was measured at every passage using atomic force microscopy indentation. At each passage, cells were induced to differentiate down myogenic and osteogenic paths. Cells induced to differentiate, as well as undifferentiated cells were assessed for gene and protein expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining, respectively, for osteogenic and myogenic markers. Myogenic and osteogenic cell potential are highly reliant on the elastic modulus of the starting cell population (of undifferentiated cells), and this potential appears to peak when the innate cell elastic modulus is close to that of differentiated tissue. However, the latent expression of the same markers in undifferentiated cells also appears to undergo a correlative relationship with cell elastic modulus, indicating some endogenous effects of cell elastic modulus and gene/protein expression. Overall, this study correlates age-related changes with regards to innate cell stiffening and gene/protein expression in commercial hMSCs, providing some guidance as to maintenance and future use of hMSCs in future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E LeBlon
- Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Packard Laboratory, Lehigh University, 19 Memorial Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Meghan E Casey
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Caitlin R Fodor
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Tony Zhang
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Packard Laboratory, Lehigh University, 19 Memorial Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States; Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Sabrina S Jedlicka
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, Whitaker Laboratory, Lehigh University, 5 East Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States; Center for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology, Whitaker Laboratory, Lehigh University, 5 East Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States.
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Ma D, Kua JEH, Lim WK, Lee ST, Chua AWC. In vitro characterization of human hair follicle dermal sheath mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in enhancing diabetic wound healing. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1036-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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