1
|
Rogerson T, Xi G, Ampey A, Borman J, Jaroudi S, Pappas D, Linke T. Purification of a recombinant oncolytic virus from clarified cell culture media by anion exchange monolith chromatography. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1923-1933. [PMID: 37400365 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of viral vectors for vaccine, gene therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy applications has received increased attention in recent years. Large-scale purification of viral vector-based biotherapeutics still presents a significant technical challenge. Chromatography is the primary tool for the purification of biomolecules in the biotechnology industry; however, the majority of chromatography resins currently available have been designed for the purification of proteins. In contrast, convective interaction media monoliths are chromatographic supports that have been designed and successfully utilized for the purification of large biomolecules, including viruses, viruslike particles, and plasmids. We present a case study on the development of a purification method for recombinant Newcastle disease virus directly from clarified cell culture media using strong anion exchange monolith technology (CIMmultus QA, BIA Separations). Resin screening studies showed at least 10 times higher dynamic binding capacity of CIMmultus QA compared to traditional anion exchange chromatography resins. Design of experiments was used to demonstrate a robust operating window for the purification of recombinant virus directly from clarified cell culture without any further pH or conductivity adjustment of the load material. The capture step was successfully scaled up from 1 mL CIMmultus QA columns to the 8 L column scale and achieved a greater than 30-fold reduction in process volume. Compared to the load material, total host cell proteins were reduced by more than 76%, and residual host cell DNA by more than 57% in the elution pool, respectively. Direct loading of clarified cell culture onto a high-capacity monolith stationary phase makes convective flow chromatography an attractive alternative to centrifugation or TFF-based virus purification procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy Rogerson
- Process & Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceutical Development R&D, AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Guoling Xi
- Process & Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceutical Development R&D, AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Ampey
- Process & Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceutical Development R&D, AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon Borman
- Process & Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceutical Development R&D, AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Sally Jaroudi
- Process & Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceutical Development R&D, AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Pappas
- Manufacturing Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Linke
- Process & Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceutical Development R&D, AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mawji I, Roberts EL, Dang T, Abraham B, Kallos MS. Challenges and Opportunities in Downstream Separation Processes for Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Cultured in Microcarrier-based Stirred Suspension Bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3062-3078. [PMID: 35962467 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising platform for regenerative medicine applications because of their multi-lineage differentiation abilities and ease of collection, isolation, and growth ex-vivo. To meet the demand for clinical applications, large scale manufacturing will be required using three-dimension culture platforms in vessels such as stirred suspension bioreactors. As MSCs are an adherent cell type, microcarriers are added to the culture to increase the available surface area for attachment and growth. Although extensive research has been performed on efficiently culturing MSCs using microcarriers, challenges persist in downstream processing including harvesting, filtration, and volume reduction which all play a critical role for the translation of cell therapies to the clinic. The objective of this review is to assess the current state of downstream technologies available for microcarrier-based MSC cultures. This includes a review of current research within the three stages: harvesting, filtration, and volume reduction. Using this information, a downstream process for MSCs is proposed which can be applied for a wide range of applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inaara Mawji
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin L Roberts
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brett Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang D, Zhang J, Qin S, Hegh D, Usman KAS, Wang J, Lei W, Liu J, Razal JM. Scalable Fabrication of Ti 3C 2T x MXene/RGO/Carbon Hybrid Aerogel for Organics Absorption and Energy Conversion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:51333-51342. [PMID: 34696589 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High aspect ratio two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes with extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties are ideal candidates for assembling elastic and conductive aerogels. However, the scalable fabrication of large MXene-based aerogels remains a challenge because the traditional preparation method relies on supercritical drying techniques such as freeze drying, resulting in poor scalability and high cost. Herein, the use of porous melamine foam as a robust template for MXene/reduced graphene oxide aerogel circumvents the volume shrinkage during its natural drying process. Through this approach, we were able to produce large size (up to 600 cm3) MXene-based aerogel with controllable shape. In addition, the aerogels possess an interconnected cellular structure and display resilience up to 70% of compressive strain. Some key features also include high solvent absorption capacity (∼50-90 g g-1), good photothermal conversion ability (an average evaporation rate of 1.48 kg m-2 h-1 for steam generation), and an excellent electrothermal conversion rate (1.8 kg m-2 h-1 at 1 V). More importantly, this passive drying process provides a scalable, convenient, and cost-effective approach to produce high-performance MXene-based aerogels, demonstrating the feasibility of commercial production of MXene-based aerogels toward practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Degang Jiang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jizhen Zhang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Si Qin
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Dylan Hegh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ken Aldren S Usman
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Weiwei Lei
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Joselito M Razal
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Borquez-Ojeda O, Stefanski J, Du F, Qu J, Chaudhari J, Thummar K, Zhu M, Shen LB, Hall M, Gautam P, Wang Y, Sénéchal B, Sikder D, Adusumilli PS, Brentjens RJ, Curran K, Geyer MB, Mailankhody S, O’Cearbhaill R, Park JH, Sauter C, Slovin S, Smith EL, Rivière I. Depletion of high-content CD14 + cells from apheresis products is critical for successful transduction and expansion of CAR T cells during large-scale cGMP manufacturing. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:377-387. [PMID: 34514029 PMCID: PMC8411225 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of four CD19- and one BCMA-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy for B cell malignancies, CAR T cell therapy has finally reached the status of a medicinal product. The successful manufacturing of autologous CAR T cell products is a key requirement for this promising treatment modality. By analyzing the composition of 214 apheresis products from 210 subjects across eight disease indications, we found that high CD14+ cell content poses a challenge for manufacturing CAR T cells, especially in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma caused by the non-specific phagocytosis of the magnetic beads used to activate CD3+ T cells. We demonstrated that monocyte depletion via rapid plastic surface adhesion significantly reduces the CD14+ monocyte content in the apheresis products and simultaneously boosts the CD3+ content. We established a 40% CD14+ threshold for the stratification of apheresis products across nine clinical trials and demonstrated the effectiveness of this procedure by comparing manufacturing runs in two phase 1 clinical trials. Our study suggests that CD14+ content should be monitored in apheresis products, and that the manufacturing of CAR T cells should incorporate a step that lessens the CD14+ cell content in apheresis products containing more than 40% to maximize the production success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Wang
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oriana Borquez-Ojeda
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jolanta Stefanski
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fang Du
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinrong Qu
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jagrutiben Chaudhari
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keyur Thummar
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling-bo Shen
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Hall
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paridhi Gautam
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yongzeng Wang
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brigitte Sénéchal
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devanjan Sikder
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prasad S. Adusumilli
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renier J. Brentjens
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Curran
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark B. Geyer
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sham Mailankhody
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roisin O’Cearbhaill
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jae H. Park
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig Sauter
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Slovin
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric L. Smith
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabelle Rivière
- Michael G. Harris Cell Therapy and Cell Engineering Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Johnstone BH, Miller HM, Beck MR, Gu D, Thirumala S, LaFontaine M, Brandacher G, Woods EJ. Identification and characterization of a large source of primary mesenchymal stem cells tightly adhered to bone surfaces of human vertebral body marrow cavities. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:617-628. [PMID: 32873509 PMCID: PMC8919862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness in treating many different disease indications. Eventual commercialization for broad distribution will require further improvements in manufacturing processes to economically manufacture MSCs at scales sufficient to satisfy projected demands. A key contributor to the present high cost of goods sold for MSC manufacturing is the need to create master cell banks from multiple donors, which leads to variability in large-scale manufacturing runs. Therefore, the availability of large single donor depots of primary MSCs would greatly benefit the cell therapy market by reducing costs associated with manufacturing. Methods: We have discovered that an abundant population of cells possessing all the hallmarks of MSCs is tightly associated with the vertebral body (VB) bone matrix and only liberated by proteolytic digestion. Here we demonstrate that these vertebral bone-adherent (vBA) MSCs possess all the International Society of Cell and Gene Therapy-defined characteristics (e.g., plastic adherence, surface marker expression and trilineage differentiation) of MSCs, and we have therefore termed them vBA-MSCs to distinguish this population from loosely associated MSCs recovered through aspiration or rinsing of the bone marrow compartment. Results: Pilot banking and expansion were performed with vBA-MSCs obtained from 3 deceased donors, and it was demonstrated that bank sizes averaging 2.9 × 108 ± 1.35 × 108 vBA-MSCs at passage 1 were obtainable from only 5 g of digested VB bone fragments. Each bank of cells demonstrated robust proliferation through a total of 9 passages, without significant reduction in population doubling times. The theoretical total cell yield from the entire amount of bone fragments (approximately 300 g) from each donor with limited expansion through 4 passages is 100 trillion (1 × 1014) vBA-MSCs, equating to over 105 doses at 10 × 106 cells/kg for an average 70-kg recipient. Discussion: Thus, we have established a novel and plentiful source of MSCs that will benefit the cell therapy market by overcoming manufacturing and regulatory inefficiencies due to donor-to-donor variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Johnstone
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Hannah M Miller
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Madelyn R Beck
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sreedhar Thirumala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael LaFontaine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik J Woods
- Ossium Health, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gramer MJ, van den Bremer ETJ, van Kampen MD, Kundu A, Kopfmann P, Etter E, Stinehelfer D, Long J, Lannom T, Noordergraaf EH, Gerritsen J, Labrijn AF, Schuurman J, van Berkel PHC, Parren PWHI. Production of stable bispecific IgG1 by controlled Fab-arm exchange: scalability from bench to large-scale manufacturing by application of standard approaches. MAbs 2013; 5:962-73. [PMID: 23995617 PMCID: PMC3896610 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.26233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of bispecific antibodies can be challenging for a variety of reasons. For example, protein expression problems, stability issues, or the use of non-standard approaches for manufacturing can result in poor yield or poor facility fit. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of standard antibody platforms for large-scale manufacturing of bispecific IgG1 by controlled Fab-arm exchange. Two parental antibodies that each contain a single matched point mutation in the CH3 region were separately expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and manufactured at 1000 L scale using a platform fed-batch and purification process that was designed for standard antibody production. The bispecific antibody was generated by mixing the two parental molecules under controlled reducing conditions, resulting in efficient Fab-arm exchange of >95% at kg scale. The reductant was removed via diafiltration, resulting in spontaneous reoxidation of interchain disulfide bonds. Aside from the bispecific nature of the molecule, extensive characterization demonstrated that the IgG1 structural integrity was maintained, including function and stability. These results demonstrate the suitability of this bispecific IgG1 format for commercial-scale manufacturing using standard antibody manufacturing techniques.
Collapse
|