1
|
Seo K, Do KH, Lee WK. Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from suckling piglets with colibacillosis. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:216. [PMID: 36109712 PMCID: PMC9476276 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Colibacillosis is a frequent enteric disease in the pig industry that causes significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli isolates from suckling piglets with colibacillosis.
Results
A total of 43 FQ-resistant E. coli isolates were tested in this study and all isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR) and mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions (gyrA or parC). Especially, FQ-resistant E. coli isolates with double mutations in both gyrA and parC were shown a high FQs minimum inhibitory concentration (≥ 64 mg/L for ciprofloxacin, ≥ 128 mg/L for enrofloxacin, and ≥ 256 mg/L for norfloxacin). Among 43 FQ-resistant E. coli isolates, 12 (27.9%) were showed plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) positive E. coli. Prevalence of PMQR gene, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS, and qepA, were identified in 7, 3, and 2 E. coli isolates, respectively. We identified the following in PMQR-positive E. coli isolates: the tetracycline resistance genes tetD (12 isolates, 100.0%), tetE (12 isolates, 100.0%), tetA (11 isolates, 91.7%), and tetB (1 isolate, 8.3%); β-lactamases–encoding blaCMY-2 (10 isolates, 83.3%), blaTEM-1 (7 isolates, 58.3%), blaOXA-1 (7 isolates, 58.3%), blaSHV-1 (3 isolates, 16.7%), and blaAAC-2 (1 isolate, 8.3%); and the chloramphenicol resistance genes (10 isolates, 83.3%); the sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 (9 isolates, 75.0%) and sul2 (10 isolates, 83.3%); the aminoglycoside modifying enzyme gene aac(3)-II (2 isolates, 16.7%). The F4 (7 isolates, 58.3%), LT:STb:EAST1 (5 isolates, 41.7%), and paa (3 isolates, 25.0%) were most common fimbrial antigen, combinations of toxin genes, and non-fimbrial adhesins genes, respectively. All PMQR-positive E. coli carried class I integrons but only 4 isolates carried the gene cassette. The most prevalent plasmid replicon was FIB (9 isolates, 75.0%), followed by FIC, HI1, and N (7 isolates, 58.3%), respectively.
Conclusions
Because FQ-resistant E. coli can serve as a reservoir of FQ resistant genetic determinants that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria in humans or pigs, this represents a public health hazard.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pajares-Chamorro N, Hammer ND, Chatzistavrou X. Materials for restoring lost Activity: Old drugs for new bugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114302. [PMID: 35461913 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The escalation of bacterial resistance to conventional medical antibiotics is a serious concern worldwide. Improvements to current therapies are urgently needed to address this problem. The synergistic combination of antibiotics with other agents is a strategic solution to combat multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Although these combinations decrease the required high dosages and therefore, reduce the toxicity of both agents without compromising the bactericidal effect, they cannot stop the development of further resistance. Recent studies have shown certain elements restore the ability of antibiotics to destroy bacteria that have acquired resistance to them. Due to these synergistic activities, organic and inorganic molecules have been investigated with the goal of restoring antibiotics in new approaches that mitigate the risk of expanding resistance. Herein, we summarize recent studies that restore antibiotics once thought to be ineffective, but have returned to our armamentarium through innovative, combinatorial efforts. A special focus is placed on the mechanisms that allow the synergistic combinations to combat bacteria. The promising data that demonstrated restoration of antimicrobials, supports the notion to find more combinations that can combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
3
|
Genetic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Isolates from Bloodstream Infections in Lithuania. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020449. [PMID: 35208903 PMCID: PMC8880137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolates are a main cause of bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was to characterize 256 β-lactam–resistant, bacteremia-causing E. coli isolates collected from 12 healthcare institutions in Lithuania in 2014 and 2018. All isolates were identified as E. coli via MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK ®2. In addition, the isolates were analyzed for the presence of 29 resistance genes and 13 virulence genes, divided into phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F), and characterized using rep-PCR genotyping methods (BOX-PCR and (GTG)5-PCR). Analyzing the results of this study showed tetA-strB-sul2-TEM-NDM-strA-fosA-AIM-sul3-aadA-CTX-M-9 to be the most common resistance gene combination (67.2% of all isolates). Additionally, the most common virulence genes established were fimH (98.4% of all isolates), fyuA (91.8%), and traT (81.3%) and the most common gene combination was fuyA-fimH-iroN (58.6% of all isolates). Next, the isolates were separated into four phylogenetic groups: A, B1, B2, and F, where group A isolates were detected at a significantly higher frequency (79.3% of all isolates). Finally, a total of 235 genotyping profiles were established using rep-PCR methods, and all profiles were separated into fourteen genotypic clusters, with each cluster containing profiles with a variety of virulence and resistance genes not restricted to any specific cluster. The results of this study elucidate E. coli antimicrobial resistance patterns by highlighting the variability and diversity of resistance and virulence genes and providing phylogenetic classification, genetic profiling, and clustering data. These results may improve clinical control of multidrug-resistant infections in healthcare institutions and contribute to the prevention of potential outbreaks.
Collapse
|
4
|
de Almeida RS, Ribeiro-Filho J, Freitas PR, de Araújo ACJ, Dos Santos EL, Tintino SR, Moura TF, Ferreira VA, Ferreira BA, Juno Alencar Fonseca V, Leite PIP, Albuquerque da Silva AC, Everson da Silva L, do Amaral W, Deschamps C, Siyadatpanah A, Wilairatana P, Coutinho HDM. Enhancement of the antibiotic activity mediated by the essential oil of Ocotea odorifera (VELL) ROWHER and safrole association. J Infect Public Health 2021; 15:373-377. [PMID: 34656506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, our research group demonstrated that the essential oil of Ocotea odorifera (EOOO) and its major compound safrole potentiated the action fluoroquinolones, modulating bacterial resistance possibly due to direct inhibition of efflux pumps. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether these treatments could enhance the activity of gentamicin and erythromycin against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The EOOO was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibiotic-enhancing effect of the EOOO and safrole against MDR strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was analyzed by the broth microdilution method. The chemical analysis confirmed the presence of safrole as a major component among the 16 compounds identified in the EOOO. Both the essential oil and the isolated compound showed clinically relevant antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Regarding the modulation of antibiotic resistance, the EOOO was found to enhance the activity of erythromycin against the strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, as well as improving the action of gentamicin against S. aureus. On the other hand, safrole potentiated the activity of gentamicin against the S. aureus strain alone. It is concluded, therefore, that the EOOO and safrole can enhance the activity of macrolides and aminoglycosides, and as such are useful in the development of therapeutic tools to combat bacterial resistance against these classes of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Silva de Almeida
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Priscilla Ramos Freitas
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Eduardo Lourenço Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | - Talysson Felismino Moura
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Victor Juno Alencar Fonseca
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ivo Palacio Leite
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Everson da Silva
- Post Graduate Programme in Sustainable Territorial Development, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Matinhos, Brazil.
| | - Wanderlei do Amaral
- Post Graduate Programme in Sustainable Territorial Development, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Matinhos, Brazil.
| | - Cícero Deschamps
- Post Graduate Programme in Agronomy, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Díaz-García D, Ardiles PR, Díaz-Sánchez M, Mena-Palomo I, Del Hierro I, Prashar S, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Páez PL, Gómez-Ruiz S. Copper-functionalized nanostructured silica-based systems: Study of the antimicrobial applications and ROS generation against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110912. [PMID: 31743886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of copper-functionalized SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous) materials containing the ligands triethoxysilylpropylmaleamic acid (maleamic) or triethoxy-3-(2-imidazolin-1-yl)propylsilane (imidazoline) have been prepared. The nanostructured silica-based systems SBA-maleamic, SBA-imidazoline, SBA-maleamic-Cu and SBA-imidazoline-Cu were characterized by several methods observing that the functionalization took place mainly inside the pores of the mesoporous system. The antimicrobial behaviour of the synthesized materials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested observing a very potent activity of the copper-functionalized systems (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for SBA-maleamic-Cu of ca. 31.25 μg/mL, which correspond with ca. 1.13 μg/mL of Cu). A study of the oxidative stress promoted by the synthesized materials showed that the SBA-maleamic-Cu and the SBA-imidazoline-Cu were able to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in S. aureus by 427% and 373%, respectively, while this increase was slightly lower in E. coli (387 and 324%, respectively). Furthermore, an electrochemical study was carried out in order to determine if these materials interact with lysine or alanine to validate a potential antimicrobial mechanism based on the inhibition of the synthesis of the peptidoglycan of the bacterial wall. Finally, these studies were also performed to determine the potential interaction of the copper-containing materials with glutathione in order to assess if they are able to perturb the metabolism of this tripeptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Perla R Ardiles
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miguel Díaz-Sánchez
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Mena-Palomo
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Del Hierro
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paulina L Páez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Islam MA, Amin MB, Roy S, Asaduzzaman M, Islam MR, Navab-Daneshmand T, Mattioli MC, Kile ML, Levy K, Julian TR. Fecal Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Among Healthy Infants in Rural Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:640. [PMID: 31001224 PMCID: PMC6454046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Third generation cephalosporins (3GC) are one of the main choices for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Due to their overuse, an increasing trend of resistance to 3GC has been observed in developing countries. Here, we describe fecal colonization of 3GC-resistant (3GCr) Escherichia coli in healthy infants (1–12 months old) living in rural areas of Bangladesh. We found that stool samples of 82% of infants (n = 100) were positive for 3GCr E. coli with a mean ± standard deviation of 6.21 ± 1.32 log10 CFU/g wet weight of stool. 3GCr E. coli encompasses an average one third (33%) of the total E. coli of stool. Almost 77% (n = 63) of these 3GCr E. coli were MDR (or resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics). Around 90% (n = 74) of 3GCr E. coli were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing in which blaCTX–M–group–1 was the predominant (96%, n = 71) ESBL-gene followed by blaTEM (41%, n = 30) and blaOXA–1 (11%, n = 8). A significant proportion (26.5%, n = 22) of 3GCr E. coli was pathogenic, comprising two types, enteroaggregative (EAEC, n = 19) and enteropathogenic (EPEC, n = 3). Colonization of 3GCr E. coli in infant guts was not associated with demographic characteristics such as age, sex, mode of delivery, maternal and infant antibiotic use, disease morbidity, and feeding practices. The high rate of colonization of 3GCr E. coli in infants’ guts is a serious public health concern which needs immediate attention and warrants further studies to explore the cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Mohammed Badrul Amin
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Muhammad Asaduzzaman
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Md Rayhanul Islam
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Bangladesh, India
| | - Tala Navab-Daneshmand
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mia Catharine Mattioli
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Molly L Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Karen Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Timothy R Julian
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Díaz-García D, Ardiles PR, Prashar S, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Páez PL, Gómez-Ruiz S. Preparation and Study of the Antibacterial Applications and Oxidative Stress Induction of Copper Maleamate-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E30. [PMID: 30646534 PMCID: PMC6359009 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are an interesting class of nanomaterials with potential applications in different therapeutic areas and that have been extensively used as drug carriers in different fields of medicine. The present work is focused on the synthesis of MSNs containing a maleamato ligand (MSN-maleamic) and the subsequent coordination of copper(II) ions (MSN-maleamic-Cu) for the exploration of their potential application as antibacterial agents. The Cu-containing nanomaterials have been characterized by different techniques and the preliminary antibacterial effect of the supported maleamato-copper(II) complexes has been tested against two types of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative) in different assays to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The biological results showed a moderate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli which motivated a more detailed study of the antibacterial mechanism of action of the synthesized maleamate-containing nanosystems and whose findings showed oxidative stress generation in bacterial cells. All the prepared nanomaterials were also tested as catalysts in the "solvent free" selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, to observe if there is a potential correlation between the catalytic oxidation capacity of the materials and the observed oxidative stress in bacteria. This may help in the future, for a more accurate rational design of antibacterial nanosystems, based on their observed catalytic oxidation activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Díaz-García
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Perla R Ardiles
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Paulina L Páez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bok E, Mazurek J, Myc A, Stosik M, Wojciech M, Baldy-Chudzik K. Comparison of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolates from Adults and Young Children in Lubuskie Province, Poland: Virulence Potential, Phylogeny and Antimicrobial Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040617. [PMID: 29597292 PMCID: PMC5923659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Commensal Escherichia coli population is a dynamic structure which may be important in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal infections. The aim of this study was the comparison of genetic diversity of commensal E. coli isolates from two age group—adults and young children. E. coli strains were isolated on MacConkey agar and identified by biochemical tests. Determination of four major phylogenetic groups, identification of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance determinants were performed by using multiplex or simplex PCR. Phenotypic analysis of resistance was based on disc-diffusion method. The prevalence of virulence genes was significantly higher among isolates from adults than from young children. Phylogroup B2 predominated among E. coli from adults, whereas phylogroup A was the most common in isolates from young children. The analyses of antimicrobial resistance revealed that resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and multidrug-resistance were detected significantly more frequent in the isolates from adults than from young children. This study documented that the commensal E. coli isolates from adults showed greater genetic diversity than from young children and constitutes a substantial reservoir of the virulence genes typical for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bok
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Justyna Mazurek
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Myc
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA.
| | - Michał Stosik
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wojciech
- Department of Mathematical Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Econometrics, University of Zielona Góra, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Baldy-Chudzik
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-561 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Konaté A, Dembélé R, Guessennd NK, Kouadio FK, Kouadio IK, Ouattara MB, Kaboré WAD, Kagambèga A, Cissé H, Ibrahim HB, Bagré TS, Traoré AS, Barro N. Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Responsible for Infantile Gastroenteritis in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2017; 7:168-175. [PMID: 29034106 PMCID: PMC5632744 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2017.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and persistence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) causing acute diarrhea is a major public health challenge in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance phenotypes of DEC isolated from stool samples collected from children less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea living in Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso. From August 2013 to October 2015, this study was carried out on 31 DEC strains of our study conducted in "Centre Médical avec Antenne Chirurgicale (CMA)" Paul VI and CMA of Schiphra. DEC were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to further characterize them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done based on the disk diffusion method. DEC isolates were high resistant to tetracycline (83.9%), amoxicillin (77.4%), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (77.4%), piperacillin (64.5%), and colistin sulfate (61.3%). The most resistant phenotype represented was the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype (67.7%). Aminoglycosides were 100% active on enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). All the DEC isolates exhibited absolute (100%) sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. Monitoring and studying the resistance profile of DEC to antibiotics are necessary to guide probabilistic antibiotic therapy, especially in pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Konaté
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - René Dembélé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Nathalie K. Guessennd
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité de Formation et de Recherches des Sciences Médicales/Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire, Africa
| | - Fernique Konan Kouadio
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
| | - Innocent Kouamé Kouadio
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
| | - Mohamed Baguy Ouattara
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
| | - Wendpoulomdé A. D. Kaboré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Haoua Cissé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Hadiza Bawa Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Touwendsida Serge Bagré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Alfred S. Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu YS, Shin S, Park YH, Park KT. Prevalence and Mechanism of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine Feces in Korea. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1145-1151. [PMID: 28598203 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the prevalence and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli isolated from swine fecal samples. E. coli isolates were collected from 171 (72.2%) of 237 swine fecal samples. Of these, 59 isolates (34.5%) were confirmed as FQ-resistant E. coli by the disk diffusion method. Of the FQ-resistant isolates, three major FQ resistance mechanisms were investigated. Of the 59 isolates, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were detected in 9 isolates (15.3%). Efflux pump activity was found in 56 isolates (94.9%); however, this was not correlated with the increased FQ resistance measured by determining the MIC. Point mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions were the main cause of FQ resistance. All 59 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions; of these 59 isolates, all (100%) had mutations in gyrA, 58 (98.3%) had mutations in parC, 22 (37.3%) had mutations in parE, and none had mutations in gyrB. The predominant mutation type was double mutation in gyrA (Ser83Leu plus mutation in aspartic acid 87), and all FQ-resistant isolates (except one) that had mutations in parC or parE also had double mutations in gyrA. Importantly, the frequencies of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli were significantly higher in the high ciprofloxacin MIC group in this study. Compared with previous studies in Korea, the prevalence of FQ resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes had increased considerably in swine. Although the use of FQ as a feed additive is prohibited in Korea, use for self-treatment and therapeutic purposes has been increasing, which may be responsible for the higher FQ resistance rate observed in this study. Therefore, prudent use of FQ on animal farms is warranted to reduce the evolution of FQ-resistant bacteria in the animal industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sung Hu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Taek Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Karami N, Wold AE, Adlerberth I. Antibiotic resistance is linked to carriage of papC and iutA virulence genes and phylogenetic group D background in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli from infants and young children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:721-729. [PMID: 27924435 PMCID: PMC5366176 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
P fimbriae, enabling adherence to colonic and urinary epithelium, and aerobactin, an iron sequestering system, are both colonization factors in the human colon and virulence factors for urinary tract infection. The colonic microbiota is suggested to be a site suitable for the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. We investigated whether phenotypic resistance to antibiotics in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli from infants and young children is associated with carriage of virulence genes and to phylogenetic group origin and, in the case of fecal strains, to persistence in the gut and fecal population levels. The commensal strains (n = 272) were derived from a birth cohort study, while the urinary isolates (n = 205) were derived from outpatient clinics. Each strain was assessed for phenotypic antibiotic resistance and for carriage of virulence genes (fimA, papC, sfaD/E, hlyA, iutA, kfiC, and neuB), phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D), and markers of particular virulent clones (CGA-D-ST69, O15:H1-D-ST393, and O25b:H4-B2-ST131). Resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim was most prevalent. Multivariate analysis showed that resistance to any antibiotic was significantly associated with carriage of genes encoding P fimbriae (papC) and aerobactin (iutA), and a phylogenetic group D origin. Neither fecal population numbers nor the capacity for long-term persistence in the gut were related to antibiotic resistance among fecal strains. Our study confirms the importance of phylogenetic group D origin for antibiotic resistance in E. coli and identifies the virulence genes papC and iutA as determinants of antibiotic resistance. The reason for the latter association is currently unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Karami
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - A E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bryce A, Costelloe C, Hawcroft C, Wootton M, Hay AD. Faecal carriage of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in asymptomatic children and associations with primary care antibiotic prescribing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:359. [PMID: 27456093 PMCID: PMC4960702 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The faecal reservoir provides optimal conditions for the transmission of resistance genes within and between bacterial species. As key transmitters of infection within communities, children are likely important contributors to endemic community resistance. We sought to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant faecal Escherichia coli from asymptomatic children aged between 0 and 17 years worldwide, and investigate the impact of routinely prescribed primary care antibiotics to that resistance. Methods A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases from 1940 to 2015. Pooled resistance prevalence for common primary care antibiotics, stratified by study country OECD status. Random-effects meta-analysis to explore the association between antibiotic exposure and resistance. Results Thirty-four studies were included. In OECD countries, the pooled resistance prevalence to tetracycline was 37.7 % (95 % CI: 25.9–49.7 %); ampicillin 37.6 % (24.9–54.3 %); and trimethoprim 28.6 % (2.2–71.0 %). Resistance in non-OECD countries was uniformly higher: tetracycline 80.0 % (59.7–95.3 %); ampicillin 67.2 % (45.8–84.9 %); and trimethoprim 81.3 % (40.4–100 %). We found evidence of an association between primary care prescribed antibiotics and resistance lasting for up to 3 months post-prescribing (pooled OR: 1.65, 1.36–2.0). Conclusions Resistance to many primary care prescribed antibiotics is common among faecal E. coli carried by asymptomatic children, with higher resistance rates in non-OECD countries. Despite tetracycline being contra-indicated in children, tetracycline resistance rates were high suggesting children could be important recipients and transmitters of resistant bacteria, or that use of other antibiotics is leading to tetracycline resistance via inter-bacteria resistance transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1697-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Bryce
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, NIHR School for Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Céire Costelloe
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Claire Hawcroft
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, NIHR School for Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Alastair D Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, NIHR School for Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Comparative analysis of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from Chinese children and adults. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:168292. [PMID: 25756041 PMCID: PMC4338376 DOI: 10.1155/2015/168292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare quinolone resistance and gyrA mutations in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from Chinese adults who used quinolone in the preceding month and children without any known history of quinolone administration. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 61 isolates from children and 79 isolates from adults were determined. The mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions in gyrA gene were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Fluoroquinolone resistance and types of gyrA mutations in isolates from children and adults were compared and statistically analyzed. No significant differences were detected in the resistance rates of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin between children and adults among isolates of the two species (all P > 0.05). The double mutation Ser83→Leu + Asp87→Asn in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates occurred in 73.7% isolates from the children and 67.9% from the adults, respectively (P = 0.5444). Children with no known history of quinolone administration were found to carry fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin resistance and the major types of gyrA mutations in the isolates from the children were similar to those from adults. The results indicate that precautions should be taken on environmental issues resulting from widespread transmission of quinolone resistance.
Collapse
|
14
|
Moore AM, Patel S, Forsberg KJ, Wang B, Bentley G, Razia Y, Qin X, Tarr PI, Dantas G. Pediatric fecal microbiota harbor diverse and novel antibiotic resistance genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78822. [PMID: 24236055 PMCID: PMC3827270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antibiotic resistance threatens human health. Gut microbes are an epidemiologically important reservoir of resistance genes (resistome), yet prior studies indicate that the true diversity of gut-associated resistomes has been underestimated. To deeply characterize the pediatric gut-associated resistome, we created metagenomic recombinant libraries in an Escherichia coli host using fecal DNA from 22 healthy infants and children (most without recent antibiotic exposure), and performed functional selections for resistance to 18 antibiotics from eight drug classes. Resistance-conferring DNA fragments were sequenced (Illumina HiSeq 2000), and reads assembled and annotated with the PARFuMS computational pipeline. Resistance to 14 of the 18 antibiotics was found in stools of infants and children. Recovered genes included chloramphenicol acetyltransferases, drug-resistant dihydrofolate reductases, rRNA methyltransferases, transcriptional regulators, multidrug efflux pumps, and every major class of beta-lactamase, aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme, and tetracycline resistance protein. Many resistance-conferring sequences were mobilizable; some had low identity to any known organism, emphasizing cryptic organisms as potentially important resistance reservoirs. We functionally confirmed three novel resistance genes, including a 16S rRNA methylase conferring aminoglycoside resistance, and two tetracycline-resistance proteins nearly identical to a bifidobacterial MFS transporter (B. longum s. longum JDM301). We provide the first report to our knowledge of resistance to folate-synthesis inhibitors conferred by a predicted Nudix hydrolase (part of the folate synthesis pathway). This functional metagenomic survey of gut-associated resistomes, the largest of its kind to date, demonstrates that fecal resistomes of healthy children are far more diverse than previously suspected, that clinically relevant resistance genes are present even without recent selective antibiotic pressure in the human host, and that cryptic gut microbes are an important resistance reservoir. The observed transferability of gut-associated resistance genes to a gram-negative (E. coli) host also suggests that the potential for gut-associated resistomes to threaten human health by mediating antibiotic resistance in pathogens warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimée M. Moore
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sanket Patel
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Forsberg
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gayle Bentley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yasmin Razia
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gautam Dantas
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mosquito S, Ruiz J, Pons MJ, Durand D, Barletta F, Ochoa TJ. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolated from children. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:544-8. [PMID: 23078917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are an important cause of diarrhoea in children and are associated with high antibiotic resistance. However, there are few studies on the molecular mechanisms of resistance in this group of bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms associated with antibiotic resistance in the most common phenotypes of DEC. A total of 369 E. coli strains [commensal strains and DEC from children with ('DEC-diarrhoea') or without ('DEC-control') diarrhoea] isolated from children aged <1 year in periurban districts of Lima, Peru, were analysed. In total, 154 ampicillin-resistant strains (36 commensals, 33 DEC-control and 85 DEC-diarrhoea) were studied by PCR for the most prevalent resistance mechanisms to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), tetracycline and chloramphenicol as well as for integrase types 1 and 2. In addition, restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed for SXT-resistant strains. Commensal strains were more frequently resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin (68% and 28%, respectively) than DEC strains (23% and 2%, respectively) (P<0.05). DEC-diarrhoea strains were more frequently SXT-resistant (78%) compared with DEC-control strains (65%) and commensal strains (60%) (P<0.05). The most frequent mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in DEC strains were: for β-lactams, bla(TEM) (31%; 37/118); for SXT, sul2 (48%; 49/103); for tetracycline, tetA (27%; 23/84); and for chloramphenicol, cat (80%; 28/35). The genes sul1 and dfrA1, related to SXT resistance, were more frequent in the DEC-diarrhoea group (41% and 28%, respectively) than in the other two groups (P<0.05). There was a high diversity of resistance genes in DEC, including symptomatic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mosquito
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Ave. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo Y, Cui S, Li J, Yang J, Lin L, Hu C, Jin S, Ye L, Zhao Q, Ma Y. Characterization ofEscherichia coliIsolates from Healthy Food Handlers in Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2011; 17:443-8. [PMID: 21612511 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Lin
- The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Changqin Hu
- The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohong Jin
- The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jiang HX, Lü DH, Chen ZL, Wang XM, Chen JR, Liu YH, Liao XP, Liu JH, Zeng ZL. High prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in China. Vet J 2011; 187:99-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Pleydell EJ, Rogers L, Kwan E, French NP. Low levels of antibacterial drug resistance expressed by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from poultry carcasses in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2010; 58:229-36. [PMID: 20927173 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2010.69297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To provide baseline data on the levels and patterns of antibacterial drug resistance expressed by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from poultry carcasses in New Zealand. METHODS Between July and December 2006, isolates of Escherichia coli (n=407) and Salmonella spp. (n=3) originating from carcass-rinse samples were submitted by testing laboratories affiliated to five major poultry processing plants. Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni (n=193) originating from retail poultry carcasses in 2005-2006 were retrieved from the Massey University archives. All isolates underwent disc diffusion susceptibility testing against panels of 12 (Enterobacteriaceae) and six (Campylobacter spp.) antibacterial drugs. Cephalothin-resistance in isolates of E. coli was confirmed using ETest strips, and confirmation of the resistance phenotypes for a subset of C. jejuni isolates used microbroth dilution assays. Patterns within the resistance phenotypes of the isolates were investigated using hierarchical clustering, and logistic regression modelling. RESULTS The majority of isolates (71.5% E. coli, 99% C. jejuni, and all three Salmonella spp. isolates) were fully susceptible to the drugs that were tested. Four (1%) E. coli isolates showed resistance to three or more drugs. The proportions of susceptible E. coli differed between the five processing plants. Resistances were detected in E. coli isolates, using disc diffusion to cephalothin (18.2%), ampicillin (4.4%), tetracycline (4.4%) and gentamicin (1.5%). There was an association between cephalothin-resistant isolates of E. coli and decreased susceptibility to gentamicin. Using ETests to ascertain the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of E. coli for cephalothin gave inconsistent results. One of 193 C. jejuni isolates was resistant to erythromycin, and microbroth dilution assays confirmed that this panel of C. jejuni was generally susceptible to antibacterial drugs. CONCLUSIONS The levels of resistance shown by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chicken carcasses in New Zealand are among the lowest reported around the world. No resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin drugs was detected in E. coli, suggesting that CTX-M and AmpC beta-lactamases are rare or absent. Salmonella spp. are rarely isolated from poultry carcasses during routine testing in New Zealand, and the isolates identified during this study were fully susceptible to the drugs tested. A panel of C. jejuni isolates originating from retail poultry carcasses were susceptible to first-line and second-line antibacterial drugs. The use of cephalothin as a marker of resistance to first-generation cephalosporins may not be appropriate for non-type-specific E. coli of animal origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Pleydell
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bailey JK, Pinyon JL, Anantham S, Hall RM. Commensal Escherichia coli of healthy humans: a reservoir for antibiotic-resistance determinants. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:1331-1339. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.022475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined in detail the population structure of Escherichia coli from healthy adults with respect to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and specific resistance determinants. E. coli isolated from the faeces of 20 healthy adults not recently exposed to antibiotics was tested for resistance to ten antibiotics and for carriage of integrons and resistance determinants using PCR. Strain diversity was assessed using biochemical and molecular criteria. E. coli was present in 19 subjects at levels ranging from 2.0×104 to 1.7×108 c.f.u. (g faeces)−1. Strains resistant to one to six antibiotics were found at high levels (>30 %) in only ten individuals, but at significant levels (>0.5 %) in 14. Resistant isolates with the same phenotype from the same individual were indistinguishable, but more than one susceptible strain was sometimes found. Overall, individuals harboured one to four E. coli strains, although in 17 samples one strain was dominant (>70 % of isolates). Eighteen strains resistant to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim in 15 different combinations were observed. One resistant strain was carried by two unrelated individuals and a susceptible strain was shared by two cohabiting subjects. Two minority strains were derivatives of a more abundant resistant strain in the same sample, showing that continuous evolution is occurring in vivo. The trimethoprim-resistance genes dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12 or dfrA17 were in cassettes in a class 1 or class 2 integron. Ampicillin resistance was conferred by the bla
TEM gene, sulfamethoxazole resistance by sul1, sul2 or sul3 and tetracycline resistance by tetA(A) or tetA(B). Chloramphenicol resistance (cmlA1 gene) was detected only once. Phylogenetic groups A and B2 were more common than B1 and D. Commensal E. coli of healthy humans represent an important reservoir for numerous antibiotic-resistance genes in many combinations. However, measuring the true extent of resistance carriage in commensal E. coli requires in-depth analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannine K. Bailey
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeremy L. Pinyon
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sashindran Anantham
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ruth M. Hall
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Characterization of tetracycline resistance genes in tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae obtained from a coliform collection. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Barreto Â, Guimarães B, Radhouani H, Araújo C, Gonçalves A, Gaspar E, Rodrigues J, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Detection of antibiotic resistant E. coli
and Enterococcus
spp. in stool of healthy growing children in Portugal. J Basic Microbiol 2009; 49:503-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200900124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Trindade S, Sousa A, Xavier KB, Dionisio F, Ferreira MG, Gordo I. Positive epistasis drives the acquisition of multidrug resistance. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000578. [PMID: 19629166 PMCID: PMC2706973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of multiple antibiotic resistance is an increasing global problem. Resistance mutations are known to impair fitness, and the evolution of resistance to multiple drugs depends both on their costs individually and on how they interact—epistasis. Information on the level of epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations is of key importance to understanding epistasis amongst deleterious alleles, a key theoretical question, and to improving public health measures. Here we show that in an antibiotic-free environment the cost of multiple resistance is smaller than expected, a signature of pervasive positive epistasis among alleles that confer resistance to antibiotics. Competition assays reveal that the cost of resistance to a given antibiotic is dependent on the presence of resistance alleles for other antibiotics. Surprisingly we find that a significant fraction of resistant mutations can be beneficial in certain resistant genetic backgrounds, that some double resistances entail no measurable cost, and that some allelic combinations are hotspots for rapid compensation. These results provide additional insight as to why multi-resistant bacteria are so prevalent and reveal an extra layer of complexity on epistatic patterns previously unrecognized, since it is hidden in genome-wide studies of genetic interactions using gene knockouts. Understanding the nature of genetic interactions, known as epistasis, is crucial in biology. The strength and type of epistasis is relevant for the evolution of sex, buffering of genetic variation, speciation, and the topography of fitness landscapes. While epistasis between gene deletions has been the recent focus of research, interactions between randomly selected alleles, which are of the greatest evolutionary interest, have not. We have studied the strength and type of epistasis amongst alleles that confer antibiotic resistance and have found that: in an antibiotic-free environment, the cost of multiple resistance is smaller than expected—a signature of pervasive positive epistasis amongst alleles that confer resistance to antibiotics; epistatic interactions are allele specific; a significant fraction of resistant mutations can be beneficial in certain resistant genetic backgrounds; some double resistances entail no measurable cost; and some allelic combinations are hotspots for rapid compensation. Overall, our findings provide added reasoning as to why multi-resistance is so difficult to eradicate. Importantly, our results of allelic-specific epistasis reveal an extra layer of complexity on epistatic patterns previously unrecognized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trindade
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal and Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sousa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Karina Bivar Xavier
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Francisco Dionisio
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal and Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Gordo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kristiansson C, Grape M, Gotuzzo E, Samalvides F, Chauca J, Larsson M, Bartoloni A, Pallecchi L, Kronvall G, Petzold M. Socioeconomic factors and antibiotic use in relation to antimicrobial resistance in the Amazonian area of Peru. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 41:303-12. [PMID: 19253090 DOI: 10.1080/00365540902783301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to correlate antibiotic resistance in gut E. coli flora of children, aged 6-72 months, with use of antibiotics, socioeconomic status (SES) and household characteristics in the urban communities of Yurimaguas and Moyobamba in the Amazonian area of Peru. Caregivers of 1598 children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey. Faecal samples were collected from the children and the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was analysed by a rapid resistance screening method. Significantly higher odds for resistance were seen for children who had used antibiotics, both during the last 2 weeks and the last 6 months. Children from wealthier families had significantly higher odds for resistance to a number of antibiotics than children from the least wealthy families (Yurimaguas: nalidixic acid, OR = 2.13; ciprofloxacin, OR = 2.09; chloramphenicol, OR = 1.98. Moyobamba: nalidixic acid, OR = 1.59; ciprofloxacin, OR = 1.69). Thus, the children of wealthier families had a significantly increased odds ratio for resistance, also when controlling for the family's antibiotic use. Unknown factors related to socioeconomic status seem to contribute to the results seen in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kristiansson
- Department of Public Health Science, Division of International Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karami N, Hannoun C, Adlerberth I, Wold AE. Colonization dynamics of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in the infantile colonic microbiota. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:703-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
25
|
Lietzau S, Raum E, von Baum H, Marre R, Brenner H. Household contacts were key factor for children's colonization with resistant Escherichia coli in community setting. J Clin Epidemiol 2007; 60:1149-55. [PMID: 17938057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In young children infections with resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) can lead to life-threatening situations. Epidemiological data on the prevalence and major determinants of carriage of antibiotic resistant E. coli among children in the community setting are sparse. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING In a population-based study from Germany, stool samples were obtained from children aged 6 months to 4 years attending a pediatrician for a regular health screening (N=568) or an acute infection (N=316), as well as from their parents (N=1,594) and siblings (N=624). E. coli was cultured, and minimal inhibitory concentrations to various antibiotics were tested. We determined prevalences of E. coli resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics and their association with potential risk factors. RESULTS Prevalence of E. coli resistance was 16.6%, 8.7%, and 11.6% for ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and doxycycline, respectively. Strong associations were found with antibiotic resistance among siblings (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] for ampicillin, doxycycline, and cotrimoxazole resistance: 4.4 [1.8-10.8], 8.0 [3.0-21.2], and 10.8 [3.5-32.7], respectively). CONCLUSION Resistance prevalences in this community-based study were much lower than those reported from the clinical sector. Household contacts seem to be the key factor for children;s colonization with resistant E. coli in the community setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lietzau
- Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Erb A, Stürmer T, Marre R, Brenner H. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: overview of geographical, temporal, and methodological variations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:83-90. [PMID: 17235554 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance is of major concern worldwide, but pertinent epidemiologic studies have used strongly divergent approaches and are widely scattered in the literature. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies reporting on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in different parts of the world. Studies published from 1970 to 2006 on the prevalence of E. coli resistance were identified by a systematic Medline research and reviewed with respect to characteristics of the study design and study population, the method of resistance detection, and the prevalence of resistance. The prevalence of resistance to specific antibiotics was highly variable in different populations and in different countries and ranged from 0 to 100%. The prevalence of resistance reported in studies from Middle and South America, Spain, and Turkey was higher than that reported in the USA and Central Europe. Moreover, a tendency towards higher prevalence rates of resistance in recent years was observed. The findings indicate a need for regular monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility rates in different human and animal populations by standardized sampling and measurement procedures. Such monitoring would help identify relevant factors that contribute to the spread of resistant pathogens and would support the prudent use of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Erb
- Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Aging, Bergheimer Strasse 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Karami N, Nowrouzian F, Adlerberth I, Wold AE. Tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli and persistence in the infantile colonic microbiota. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:156-61. [PMID: 16377681 PMCID: PMC1346771 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.1.156-161.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological impact of antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure has been poorly studied. We assessed the carriage of tetracycline resistance genes, persistence in the microbiota, fecal population counts and virulence factor genes in 309 commensal, intestinal Escherichia coli strains obtained from 128 Swedish infants followed during the first year of life with regular quantitative fecal cultures. No infant was given tetracycline, but 25% received other antibiotics. Tetracycline resistance was identified in 12% of strains, all of which carried either tet(A) (49%) or tet(B) (51%) genes. Resistance to other antibiotics occurred in 50% of tet(A)-positive strains, 42% of tet(B)-positive strains and 13% of tetracycline-sensitive strains. However, colonization with tetracycline-resistant strains was unrelated to treatment with antibiotics. Strains that were tet(B)- or tet(A)-positive carried the genes for P fimbriae and aerobactin, respectively, more often than susceptible strains. Tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains were equally likely to persist among the intestinal microbiota for > or = 3 weeks and had similar population numbers. However, when a resistant strain and a susceptible strain colonized a child simultaneously, the resistant variety showed lower counts (P = 0.03). In cases of long-term colonization by initially tetracycline-resistant E. coli strains, loss of tet genes occurred in 3 of 13 cases with variable effects on population counts. The results indicate that there is limited pressure against the carriage of tet genes in the infantile gut microbiota even in the absence of antibiotics. Resistant strains may possess colonization factors that balance the cost of producing resistance elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Karami
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hopkins KL, Davies RH, Threlfall EJ. Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Recent developments. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 25:358-73. [PMID: 15848289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antimicrobials highly effective for treatment of a variety of clinical and veterinary infections. Their antibacterial activity is due to inhibition of DNA replication. Usually resistance arises spontaneously due to point mutations that result in amino acid substitutions within the topoisomerase subunits GyrA, GyrB, ParC or ParE, decreased expression of outer membrane porins, or overexpression of multidrug efflux pumps. In addition, the recent discovery of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance could result in horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance between strains. Acquisition of high-level resistance appears to be a multifactorial process. Care needs to taken to avoid overuse of this important class of antimicrobial in both human and veterinary medicine to prevent an increase in the occurrence of resistant zoonotic and non-zoonotic bacterial pathogens that could subsequently cause human or animal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Hopkins
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruiz J, Bertran S, Sauca G, Julià A, Vila X, Gómez E, Jiménez de Anta MT, Vila J. Isolation of an amikacin-resistant Escherichia coli strain after tobramycin treatment of previous recurrent episodes of respiratory tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:71-3. [PMID: 15649309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amikacin-resistant Escherichia coli strains are isolated rarely from clinical samples. In the present study, investigation of an amikacin-resistant clinical isolate of E. coli demonstrated the presence of two class 1 integrons carrying the aacA4 gene plus the aacA7 gene, and the dfrA17 gene plus the aadA5 gene, respectively. Resistance to amikacin in this E. coli isolate was related to the presence of both aacA4 and aacA7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ruiz
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sáenz Y, Briñas L, Domínguez E, Ruiz J, Zarazaga M, Vila J, Torres C. Mechanisms of resistance in multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3996-4001. [PMID: 15388464 PMCID: PMC521888 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.10.3996-4001.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Sáenz
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|