1
|
Díaz-Torres O, Los Cobos EOVD, Kreft JU, Loge FJ, Díaz-Vázquez D, Mahlknecht J, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Senés-Guerrero C. A metagenomic study of antibiotic resistance genes in a hypereutrophic subtropical lake contaminated by anthropogenic sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172216. [PMID: 38583614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a major threat to human and environmental health. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in Lake Cajititlán, a hypereutrophic subtropical lake in Mexico contaminated by anthropogenic sources (urban wastewater and runoff from crop and livestock production). ARGs (a total of 475 genes) were detected in 22 bacterial genera, with Pseudomonas (144 genes), Stenotrophomonas (88 genes), Mycobacterium (54 genes), and Rhodococcus (27 genes) displaying the highest frequencies of ARGs. Among these, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia showed the highest number of ARGs. The results revealed a diverse array of ARGs, including resistance to macrolides (11.55 %), aminoglycosides (8.22 %), glycopeptides (6.22 %), tetracyclines (4 %), sulfonamides (4 %), carbapenems (1.11 %), phenicols (0.88 %), fluoroquinolones (0.44 %), and lincosamides (0.22 %). The most frequently observed ARGs were associated with multidrug resistance (63.33 %), with MexF (42 genes), MexW (36 genes), smeD (31 genes), mtrA (25 genes), and KHM-1 (22 genes) being the most common. Lake Cajititlán is a recreational area for swimming, fishing, and boating, while also supporting irrigation for agriculture and potentially acting as a drinking water source for some communities. This raises concerns about the potential for exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria through these activities. The presence of ARGs in Lake Cajititlán poses a significant threat to both human and environmental health. Developing strategies to mitigate the risks of antibiotic resistance, including improving wastewater treatment, and promoting strategic antibiotic use and disposal, is crucial. This study represents a significant advancement in the understanding of antibiotic resistance dynamics in a hypereutrophic subtropical lake in a developing country, providing valuable insights for the scientific community and policymakers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osiris Díaz-Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México.
| | - Eric Oswaldo Valencia-de Los Cobos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Frank J Loge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Diego Díaz-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México.
| | - Carolina Senés-Guerrero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, CP, 45138 Jalisco, México.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agnew J, Gorzelski A, Zhu J, Romero A. Coconut fatty acids exhibit strong repellency and week-long efficacy against several urban pest arthropods of the southwestern United States. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3511-3519. [PMID: 37144346 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The southwestern United States is home to a variety of arthropods including Turkestan cockroaches, Blatta lateralis (Walker); hematophagous kissing bugs, Tritoma rubida (Uhler); and Arizona bark scorpions, Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing. These arthropods cause medical concern when they become established around homes and/or invade indoors. Traditionally, the management of these pests has relied primarily on the use of chemical insecticides; however, they offer poor prospects for control owing to their lack of efficacy as well as the effects of insecticides on humans and the environment. Botanical repellents are an option that has not been fully investigated for the management of these pests. Here, we investigated the behavioral responses of common urban pests of the southwestern USA to recently discovered coconut fatty acids (CFAs), to establish the potential use of these compounds as repellents. RESULTS Fresh residues of CFA mixture (CFAm) and their constituents caprylic acid, capric acid, capric acid methyl ester, lauric acid, and lauric acid methyl ester, tested at a concentration of 1 mg cm-2 , strongly repelled all arthropods. The repellent activity of CFAm lasted for at least 7 days, and the addition of lavender oil, used as an odor-masking agent, did not decrease this effect. Concentrations of CFAm ten times lower (0.1 mg cm-2 ) still repelled Turkestan cockroaches, and concentrations 100 times lower (0.01 mg cm-2 ) repelled T. rubida and scorpions. CONCLUSIONS CFAm and some of their constituents are efficacious, economical, and logistically feasible for inclusion in integrated pest management programs for these important urban pests of the southwestern USA. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Agnew
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Ashton Gorzelski
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Junwei Zhu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Alvaro Romero
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Study on Salmonella Isolates from Fresh Milk of Dairy Cows in Selected Districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:6837797. [PMID: 36875709 PMCID: PMC9981291 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6837797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections are most commonly found in animal-derived foods. From December 2021 to May 2022, the researchers conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of Salmonella isolated from raw milk collected in and around Areka town, Boloso Sore Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 151 direct udder milk samples were collected at random and examined using bacteriological methods. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 9.3% (14/151). Breed, age, body condition, lactation stage, and parity were statistically significant risk factors (p < 0.05). Salmonellosis was more common and statistically significant in dairy cows with poor body condition and late lactation stage, as well as the Holstein Friesian crossbreed, accounting for 17.6%, 19.1%, and 17.3%, respectively. The farm's husbandry hygiene and management system, on the other hand, had no significant association with salmonellosis (p > 0.05). Salmonellosis was generally considered to be moderately prevalent and was one of the diseases of dairy cows in the study area that could have an impact on dairy production and have serious health and financial repercussions. As a result, improvements in milk quality maintenance and assurance are encouraged, and the need for additional research in the study area was suggested along with other ideas.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hanson DL, Loneragan GH, Brown TR, Edrington TS. Salmonella Prevalence Varies Over Time and Space in Three Large, Adjacent Cattle Operations in the Southwestern United States. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.878408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to describe the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in three large, adjacent cattle operations in the southern High Plains of the United States. Operations included two dairies (one of which routinely administers a commercially available Salmonella vaccine) and one feedlot. Samples were collected monthly for 12 months. At each sample collection, 25 freshly voided fecal pats and a sample from each of the water troughs were collected from each of five pens of cattle within an operation. Each monthly collection included a total of 375 fecal and ~32 water samples for a yearly total of 4,500 and 379 samples, respectively (note that the number of water troughs per pen varied within an operation). Salmonella was commonly recovered from fecal (71.3%) and water (28.5%) samples and tended to follow somewhat similar temporal patterns over time. However, its prevalence varied among operations despite being adjacent properties in that Salmonella was recovered from 61.3, 80.1, and 75% of fecal samples from dairy 1, dairy 2 and the feedlot, respectively. Salmonella prevalence in water samples across collection times averaged 36.1, 70.2, and 46.1% for dairy 1, dairy 2, and the feedlot, respectively. While it is uncertain why the Salmonella prevalence varied from operation to operation, the higher observed prevalence of Salmonella in water on dairy 2 and/or the use of a commercial Salmonella vaccine by dairy 1 may offer a partial explanation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gaire S, Romero A. Comparative Efficacy of Residual Insecticides against the Turkestan Cockroach, Blatta lateralis, (Blattodea: Blattidae) on Different Substrates. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080477. [PMID: 32731364 PMCID: PMC7469171 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker) is an invasive urban pest prevalent throughout the Southwestern United States. Despite the presence of this cockroach in peridomestic areas, there is limited information on strategies that can be utilized by pest management professionals (PMPs) to effectively manage populations of this pest. We evaluated the efficacy of dry residues of liquid insecticides commonly used for household and structural insect pest control: Tandem (0.10% thiamethoxam, 0.03% lambda-cyhalothrin), Transport GHP (0.05% acetamiprid, 0.06% bifenthrin), Temprid SC (0.10% imidacloprid, 0.05% beta-cyfluthrin), Demand CS (0.06% lambda-cyhalothrin), Talstar P (0.06% bifenthrin), and Phantom (0.5% chlorfenapyr) on three different substrates against Turkestan cockroach nymphs. Except for Phantom and Talstar P, all insecticide formulations killed 100% of the cockroaches on concrete, 89–100% on tile, and 77–100% on wood within 4 days. The rate of cockroach mortality varied according to the substrates to which they were exposed. Temprid SC and Transport GHP killed cockroaches faster on tile than wood. Tandem provided a faster mortality rate than Transport GHP and Temprid SC on concrete. Demand CS and Tandem killed cockroaches at similar rates on the three substrates. This study provides information to guide PMPs in their selection of insecticide formulations for the management of Turkestan cockroach infestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Gaire
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
| | - Alvaro Romero
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-575-646-5550
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sabzali S, Bouzari M. Phylogenic Relationship of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Different Foodstuffs in Isfahan. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
7
|
He J, Sun F, Sun D, Wang Z, Jin S, Pan Z, Xu Z, Chen X, Jiao X. Multidrug resistance and prevalence of quinolone resistance genes of Salmonella enterica serotypes 4,[5],12:i:- in China. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 330:108692. [PMID: 32521291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, which is responsible for global foodborne disease outbreaks. Here, 255 S. 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated from humans (11.0%) or food-borne animals (89.0%) between 2010 and 2018 were examined. Tests of susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents using the broth micro dilution method showed that 99.2% (n = 253) of the isolates were resistant to at least one compound. Antibiotic susceptibility analysis demonstrated that 91.8% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains with predominant resistance to tetracycline (90.6%), followed by resistance to ampicillin (86.3%), streptomycin (63.5%), chloramphenicol (62.7%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (55.3%). The 5 major distinct patterns of multi-resistance were identified as R-type AST, R-type ACTSxt, R-type ACSTSxt, R-type ACGSTSxt and R-type ASTSxt. Among the PMQR genes examined in this study, oqxAB and aac (6')-Ib-cr were the most prevalent resistance genes in the multi-resistant isolates. Our findings highlight the prevalence of the resistance of S. 4,[5],12:i:- in some regions of China, and several common types of multidrug resistance phenotypes, to provide valuable information for epidemiological studies, risk management, and public health strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dewei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mukherjee S, Anderson CM, Mosci RE, Newton DW, Lephart P, Salimnia H, Khalife W, Rudrik JT, Manning SD. Increasing Frequencies of Antibiotic Resistant Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infections in Michigan and Risk Factors for Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:250. [PMID: 31781566 PMCID: PMC6857118 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are important enteric pathogens causing over 1 million foodborne illnesses in the U.S. annually. The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance in NTS isolates has limited the availability of antibiotics that can be used for therapy. Since Michigan is not part of the FoodNet surveillance system, few studies have quantified antibiotic resistance frequencies and identified risk factors for NTS infections in the state. We obtained 198 clinical NTS isolates via active surveillance at four Michigan hospitals from 2011 to 2014 for classification of serovars and susceptibility to 24 antibiotics using broth microdilution. The 198 isolates belonged to 35 different serovars with Enteritidis (36.9%) predominating followed by Typhimurium (19.5%) and Newport (9.7%), though the proportion of each varied by year, residence, and season. The number of Enteritidis and Typhimurium cases was higher in the summer, while Enteritidis cases were significantly more common among urban vs. rural residents. A total of 30 (15.2%) NTS isolates were resistant to ≥1 antibiotic and 15 (7.5%) were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes; a significantly greater proportion of Typhimurium isolates were resistant compared to Enteritidis isolates and an increasing trend in the frequency of tetracycline resistance and multidrug resistance was observed over the 4-year period. Resistant infections were associated with longer hospital stays as the mean stay was 5.9 days for patients with resistant isolates relative to 4.0 days for patients infected with susceptible isolates. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that infection with serovars other than Enteritidis [Odds ratio (OR): 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-11.82] as well as infection during the fall (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.22-7.60) were independently associated with resistance. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of surveillance, monitoring resistance frequencies, and identifying risk factors that can aid in the development of new prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chase M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rebekah E Mosci
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Duane W Newton
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Lephart
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hossein Salimnia
- Microbiology Division, Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Walid Khalife
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Laboratories, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James T Rudrik
- Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bilbao GN, Malena R, Passucci JA, Pinto de Almeida Castro AM, Paolicchi F, Soto P, Cantón J, Monteavaro CE. [Detection of serovars of Salmonella in artificially reared calves in Mar y Sierras Dairy Basin, Argentina]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2019; 51:241-246. [PMID: 30638637 PMCID: PMC7115763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
La salmonelosis es una de las enfermedades bacterianas que afectan el tracto digestivo de los terneros y provocan en ellos diarrea. Con el objetivo de estudiar la prevalencia de los distintos serovares de Salmonella en terneros de crianza artificial y determinar la asociación con signos diarreicos, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico con diseño transversal en la región lechera Mar y Sierras, ubicada en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Mediante hisopado de mucosa rectal, se muestrearon 726 terneros en período de crianza distribuidos en 50 establecimientos lecheros de dicha zona, se incluyeron animales con signos diarreicos y sin estos. Los aislamientos identificados como Salmonella spp. fueron tipificados utilizando antisueros poli- y monovalentes dirigidos contra antígenos somáticos, flagelares y capsulares (Vi). Salmonella spp. se detectó en el 36% de los establecimientos y los serovares hallados fueron S. Mbandaka, S. Anatum, S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Montevideo, S. Meleagridis, S. Newport, S. Seftemberg, S. subesp.16,7:z1, S. Infantis y S. Give. El 5,5% de los terneros fueron positivos y aquellos terneros con signología diarreica presentaron 5,9 veces más probabilidad de estar infectados con Salmonella spp. que aquellos que no tuvieron signos. La edad de los terneros positivos osciló desde un día hasta 53 días de vida; la mayor frecuencia se detectó al segundo día de nacidos. Se concluye que 11 serovares de Salmonella están presentes en más de un tercio de los establecimientos lecheros de la región lechera Mar y Sierras y que estos serovares mostraron estar asociados a la existencia de signos diarreicos en los terneros, sobre todo a la presencia de moco en las heces. La prevalencia de Salmonella fue mayor en terneros de menos de 21 días de vida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys N Bilbao
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina.
| | - Rosana Malena
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Producción Animal, INTA, Balcarce (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Juan A Passucci
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Aldana M Pinto de Almeida Castro
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Fernando Paolicchi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Producción Animal, INTA, Balcarce (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Pedro Soto
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Juliana Cantón
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Cristina E Monteavaro
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Awosile B, McClure J, Sanchez J, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Keefe G, Heider LC. Salmonella enterica and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli recovered from Holstein dairy calves from 8 farms in New Brunswick, Canada. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3271-3284. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Holschbach
- Large Animal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Simon F Peek
- Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shah DH, Paul NC, Sischo WC, Crespo R, Guard J. Population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of the most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Poult Sci 2017; 96:687-702. [PMID: 27665007 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is the most predominant bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. Due to the risk of human infection associated with poultry products and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, Salmonella also poses a significant challenge to commercial poultry production. During the last decade (2002 to 2012), the 12 most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes (MPPSTs) were frequently and consistently isolated from poultry products in the United States. These MPPSTs and their percent prevalence in poultry products include Kentucky (4%), Enteritidis (2%) Heidelberg (2%), Typhimurium (2%), S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (0.31%), Montevideo (0.20%), Infantis (0.16%) Schwarzengrund (0.15%), Hadar (0.15%), Mbandaka (0.13%), Thompson (0.12%), and Senftenberg (0.04%). All MPPSTs except Kentucky are among the top 30 clinically significant serotypes that cause human illnesses in the United States. However with the exception of a few widely studied serotypes such as S. Enteritidis and Typhimurium, the ecology and epidemiology of the majority of MPPSTs still remain poorly investigated. Published data from the United States suggests that MPPSTs such as Heidelberg, Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Sentfenberg are more likely to be multi-drug resistant (MDR, ≥3 antimicobial classes) whereas Enteritidis, Montevideo, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Infantis, Thompson, and Mbandaka are generally pan-susceptible or display resistance to fewer antimicobials. In contrast, the majority of MPPSTs isolated globally have been reported to display MDR phenotype. There also appears to be an international spread of a few MDR serotypes including Kentucky, Schwarzengrund, Hadar, Thomson, Sentfenberg, and Enteritidis, which may pose significant challenges to the public health. The current knowledge gaps on the ecology, epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of MPPSTs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willium C Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology
| | - Jean Guard
- Egg Quality and Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, GA 30605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gaire S, O'Connell M, Holguin FO, Amatya A, Bundy S, Romero A. Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oils and Some of Their Constituents on the Turkestan Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:584-592. [PMID: 28334192 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker), has become the most important peridomestic species in urban areas of the Southwestern United States. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of botanical compounds to control this urban pest. We tested the acute toxicity and repellency of six botanical constituents and three essential oils on Turkestan cockroach nymphs. Chemical composition of the essential oils was also determined. Topical and fumigant assays with nymphs showed that thymol was the most toxic essential oil constituent, with a LD50 of 0.34 mg/nymph and a LC50 of 27.6 mg/liter air, respectively. Contact toxicity was also observed in assays with trans-Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, geraniol, methyl eugenol, and p-Cymene. Methyl eugenol and geraniol had limited fumigant toxicity. The essential oils from red thyme, clove bud, and Java citronella exhibited toxicity against nymphs. Cockroaches avoided fresh dry residues of thymol and essential oils. Chemical analysis of the essential oils confirmed high contents of effective essential oil constituents. Our results demonstrated that essential oils and some of their constituents have potential as eco-friendly insecticides for the management of Turkestan cockroaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Gaire
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (; ; )
| | - Mary O'Connell
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (; )
| | - Francisco O Holguin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (; )
| | - Anup Amatya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Scott Bundy
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (; ; )
| | - Alvaro Romero
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (; ; )
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
HADİMLİ HH, PINARKARA Y, SAKMANOĞLU A, SAYIN Z, ERGANİŞ O, USLU A, AL-SHATTRAWI HJ. Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1604-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
15
|
Cameron A, McAllister TA. Antimicrobial usage and resistance in beef production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 27999667 PMCID: PMC5154118 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are critical to contemporary high-intensity beef production. Many different antimicrobials are approved for beef cattle, and are used judiciously for animal welfare, and controversially, to promote growth and feed efficiency. Antimicrobial administration provides a powerful selective pressure that acts on the microbial community, selecting for resistance gene determinants and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria resident in the bovine flora. The bovine microbiota includes many harmless bacteria, but also opportunistic pathogens that may acquire and propagate resistance genes within the microbial community via horizontal gene transfer. Antimicrobial-resistant bovine pathogens can also complicate the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in beef feedlots, threatening the efficiency of the beef production system. Likewise, the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes to bovine-associated human pathogens is a potential public health concern. This review outlines current antimicrobial use practices pertaining to beef production, and explores the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in major bovine pathogens. The effect of antimicrobials on the composition of the bovine microbiota is examined, as are the effects on the beef production resistome. Antimicrobial resistance is further explored within the context of the wider beef production continuum, with emphasis on antimicrobial resistance genes in the food chain, and risk to the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cameron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodriguez-Rivera LD, Cummings KJ, Loneragan GH, Rankin SC, Hanson DL, Leone WM, Edrington TS. Salmonella Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Among Dairy Farm Environmental Samples Collected in Texas. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:205-11. [PMID: 26954516 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle are a reservoir of several Salmonella serovars that are leading causes of human salmonellosis. The objectives of this study were to estimate the environmental prevalence of Salmonella on dairy farms in Texas and to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Eleven dairy farms throughout Texas were sampled from August through October 2013, using a cross-sectional approach. Samples were collected from four locations within each farm (hospital pen, maternity pen, cow housing area, and calf housing area), and feces were collected from cull cows as available. Environmental and fecal samples were processed for Salmonella, and isolates were tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. Serovar characterization was performed on a subset of these isolates. Salmonella was isolated from 67.0% (236/352) of the environmental samples and 64.2% (43/67) of the cull cow fecal samples. Environmental samples from the maternity pen were significantly more likely to be Salmonella positive than samples from the cow and calf housing areas. Multidrug resistance was evident in 11.9% (27/226) of environmental isolates and 19.5% (8/41) of fecal isolates. Salmonella isolates from the calf housing area and maternity pen were significantly more likely to be multidrug resistant (MDR) than isolates from the cow housing area. The most common serovars found among the MDR isolates were Newport, Muenchen, and Typhimurium. These results help provide a focus for efforts to mitigate the burden of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella at the preharvest level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine D Rodriguez-Rivera
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Kevin J Cummings
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Guy H Loneragan
- 2 International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - Shelley C Rankin
- 3 Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devin L Hanson
- 2 International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | | | - Thomas S Edrington
- 5 Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maurer JJ, Martin G, Hernandez S, Cheng Y, Gerner-Smidt P, Hise KB, Tobin D’Angelo M, Cole D, Sanchez S, Madden M, Valeika S, Presotto A, Lipp EK. Diversity and Persistence of Salmonella enterica Strains in Rural Landscapes in the Southeastern United States. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128937. [PMID: 26131552 PMCID: PMC4489491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis cases in the in the United States show distinct geographical trends, with the southeast reporting among the highest rates of illness. In the state of Georgia, USA, non-outbreak associated salmonellosis is especially high in the southern low-lying coastal plain. Here we examined the distribution of Salmonella enterica in environmental waters and associated wildlife in two distinct watersheds, one in the Atlantic Coastal Plain (a high case rate rural area) physiographic province and one in the Piedmont (a lower case rate rural area). Salmonella were isolated from the two regions and compared for serovar and strain diversity, as well as distribution, between the two study areas, using both a retrospective and prospective design. Thirty-seven unique serovars and 204 unique strain types were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella serovars Braenderup, Give, Hartford, and Muenchen were dominant in both watersheds. Two serovars, specifically S. Muenchen and S. Rubislaw, were consistently isolated from both systems, including water and small mammals. Conversely, 24 serovars tended to be site-specific (64.8%, n = 37). Compared to the other Salmonella serovars isolated from these sites, S. Muenchen and S. Rubislaw exhibited significant genetic diversity. Among a subset of PFGE patterns, approximately half of the environmental strain types matched entries in the USA PulseNet database of human cases. Ninety percent of S. Muenchen strains from the Little River basin (the high case rate area) matched PFGE entries in PulseNet compared to 33.33% of S. Muenchen strains from the North Oconee River region (the lower case rate area). Underlying the diversity and turnover of Salmonella strains observed for these two watersheds is the persistence of specific Salmonella serovars and strain types that may be adapted to these watersheds and landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Maurer
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gordon Martin
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sonia Hernandez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peter Gerner-Smidt
- Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kelley B. Hise
- Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Dana Cole
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marguerite Madden
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven Valeika
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrea Presotto
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Donado-Godoy P, Byrne BA, Hume M, León M, Pérez-Gutiérrez E, Vives Flores MJ, Clavijo V, Holguin Á, Romero-Zuñiga JJ, Castellanos R, Tafur M, Smith WA. Molecular characterization of Salmonella paratyphi B dT+ and Salmonella Heidelberg from poultry and retail chicken meat in Colombia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Food Prot 2015; 78:802-7. [PMID: 25836408 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ variant (also termed Salmonella Java) and Salmonella Heidelberg are pathogens of public health importance that are frequently isolated from poultry. As a step toward implementing the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistant Surveillance, this study characterized molecular patterns of Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ and Salmonella Heidelberg isolated from poultry farms, fecal samples, and retail chicken meat using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relationship among isolates and to determine potential geographically predominant genotypes. Based on PFGE analysis, both serovars exhibited high heterogeneity: the chromosomal DNA fingerprints of 82 Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ isolates revealed 42 PFGE patterns, whereas the 21 isolates of Salmonella Heidelberg revealed 10 patterns. Similar genotypes of both serovars were demonstrated to be present on farms and in retail outlets. For Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+, closely genetically related strains were found among isolates coming from different farms and different integrated poultry companies within two departments (Santander and Cundinamarca) and also from farms located in the two geographically distant departments. For Salmonella Heidelberg, there were fewer farms with genetically related isolates than for Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+. A possible dissemination of similar genotypes of both serovars along the poultry production chain is hypothesized, and some facilitating factors existing in Colombia are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Donado-Godoy
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilómetro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Michael Hume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Maribel León
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 no. 17-81, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Enriqué Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, 525 Twenty-third Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Martha J Vives Flores
- Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 no. 18A-12, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilómetro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia, Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 no. 18A-12, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ángela Holguin
- Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 no. 18A-12, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juan J Romero-Zuñiga
- Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, P.O. Box 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Castellanos
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilómetro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - McAllister Tafur
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 no. 17-81, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Woutrina A Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Afema JA, Mather AE, Sischo WM. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Diversity in Salmonella from Humans and Cattle, 2004-2011. Zoonoses Public Health 2014; 62:506-17. [PMID: 25414062 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of long-term anti-microbial resistance (AMR) data is useful to understand source and transmission dynamics of AMR. We analysed 5124 human clinical isolates from Washington State Department of Health, 391 cattle clinical isolates from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and 1864 non-clinical isolates from foodborne disease research on dairies in the Pacific Northwest. Isolates were assigned profiles based on phenotypic resistance to 11 anti-microbials belonging to eight classes. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), Salmonella Newport (SN) and Salmonella Montevideo (SM) were the most common serovars in both humans and cattle. Multinomial logistic regression showed ST and SN from cattle had greater probability of resistance to multiple classes of anti-microbials than ST and SN from humans (P < 0.0001). While these findings could be consistent with the belief that cattle are a source of resistant ST and SN for people, occurrence of profiles unique to cattle and not observed in temporally related human isolates indicates these profiles are circulating in cattle only. We used various measures to assess AMR diversity, conditional on the weighting of rare versus abundant profiles. AMR profile richness was greater in the common serovars from humans, although both source data sets were dominated by relatively few profiles. The greater profile richness in human Salmonella may be due to greater diversity of sources entering the human population compared to cattle or due to continuous evolution in the human environment. Also, AMR diversity was greater in clinical compared to non-clinical cattle Salmonella, and this could be due to anti-microbial selection pressure in diseased cattle that received treatment. The use of bootstrapping techniques showed that although there were shared profiles between humans and cattle, the expected and observed number of profiles was different, suggesting Salmonella and associated resistance from humans and cattle may not be wholly derived from a common population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Afema
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - A E Mather
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - W M Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Longitudinal study of distributions of similar antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serovars in pigs and their environment in two distinct swine production systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5167-78. [PMID: 23793629 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01419-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine and compare the prevalences and genotypic profiles of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) Salmonella isolates from pigs reared in antimicrobial-free (ABF) and conventional production systems at farm, at slaughter, and in their environment. We collected 2,889 pig fecal and 2,122 environmental (feed, water, soil, lagoon, truck, and floor swabs) samples from 10 conventional and eight ABF longitudinal cohorts at different stages of production (farrowing, nursery, finishing) and slaughter (postevisceration, postchill, and mesenteric lymph nodes [MLN]). In addition, we collected 1,363 carcass swabs and 205 lairage and truck samples at slaughter. A total of 1,090 Salmonella isolates were recovered from the samples; these were isolated with a significantly higher prevalence in conventionally reared pigs (4.0%; n = 66) and their environment (11.7%; n = 156) than in ABF pigs (0.2%; n = 2) and their environment (0.6%; n = 5) (P < 0.001). Salmonella was isolated from all stages at slaughter, including the postchill step, in the two production systems. Salmonella prevalence was significantly higher in MLN extracted from conventional carcasses than those extracted from ABF carcasses (P < 0.001). We identified a total of 24 different serotypes, with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica serovar Anatum, Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Derby being predominant. The highest frequencies of antimicrobial resistance (AR) were exhibited to tetracycline (71%), sulfisoxazole (42%), and streptomycin (17%). Multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials; MDR) was detected in 27% (n = 254) of the Salmonella isolates from the conventional system. Our study reports a low prevalence of Salmonella in both production systems in pigs on farms, while a higher prevalence was detected among the carcasses at slaughter. The dynamics of Salmonella prevalence in pigs and carcasses were reciprocated in the farm and slaughter environment, clearly indicating an exchange of this pathogen between the pigs and their surroundings. Furthermore, the phenotypic and genotypic fingerprint profile results underscore the potential role played by environmental factors in dissemination of AR Salmonella to pigs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Van Kessel JS, Sonnier J, Zhao S, Karns JS. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from bulk tank milk and milk filters in the United States. J Food Prot 2013; 76:18-25. [PMID: 23317852 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella isolates were recovered from bulk tank milk as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Dairy 2002 and 2007 surveys. In-line milk filters were also tested in the 2007 survey. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella enterica isolates from bulk milk and milk filters in the NAHMS Dairy 2002 and 2007 surveys and to further characterize resistant isolates. Susceptibilities to 15 antibiotics were determined for 176 Salmonella isolates of 26 serotypes using an automated antimicrobial susceptibility system. Resistant isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (bla(CMY)) gene and class I integrons and further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty isolates (17.0%) representing six S. enterica serotypes exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent (serotypes Newport [14 of 14 isolates exhibited resistance], Dublin [7 of 7], Typhimurium [3 of 5], Kentucky [4 of 22], Anatum [1 of 13], and Infantis [1 of 2]). Twenty isolates (11.4%), including all 14 Newport, 3 Dublin, 2 Typhimurium, and 1 Infantis isolate, displayed the typical multidrug-resistant, bla(CMY)-positive (MDR-AmpC) phenotype which included resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, plus resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Five of the MDR-AmpC isolates carried class I integrons (2.8%). Two-enzyme (XbaI and BlnI) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis discerned clades within serotypes and, together with the resistance profiles, identified strains that appeared to have persisted temporally and geographically. These results suggest that there is a low but appreciable risk of infection with MDR Salmonella from consumption of nonpasteurized milk and dairy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-East Building 173, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Edrington TS, Farrow RL, Hume ME, Anderson PN, Hagevoort GR, Caldwell DJ, Callaway TR, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Evaluation of the potential antimicrobial resistance transfer from a multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli to Salmonella in dairy calves. Curr Microbiol 2012; 66:132-7. [PMID: 23086537 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous research conducted in our laboratory found a significant prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella and MDR Escherichia coli (MDR EC) in dairy calves and suggests that the MDR EC population may be an important reservoir for resistance elements that could potentially transfer to Salmonella. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to determine if resistance transfers from MDR EC to susceptible strains of inoculated Salmonella. The experiment utilized Holstein calves (approximately 3 weeks old) naturally colonized with MDR EC and fecal culture negative for Salmonella. Fecal samples were collected for culture of Salmonella and MDR EC throughout the experiment following experimental inoculation with the susceptible Salmonella strains. Results initially suggested that resistance did transfer from the MDR E. coli to the inoculated strains of Salmonella, with these stains demonstrating resistance to multiple antibiotics following in vivo exposure to MDR EC. However, serogrouping and serotyping results from a portion of the Salmonella isolates recovered from the calves post-challenge, identified two new strains of Salmonella; therefore transfer of resistance was not demonstrated under these experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Edrington
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marrero-Ortiz R, Han J, Lynne AM, David DE, Stemper ME, Farmer D, Burkhardt W, Nayak R, Foley SL. Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from dairy cattle in Wisconsin. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Izzo MM, Mohler VL, House JK. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates recovered from calves with diarrhoea in Australia. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:402-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Stepan RM, Sherwood JS, Petermann SR, Logue CM. Molecular and comparative analysis of Salmonella enterica Senftenberg from humans and animals using PFGE, MLST and NARMS. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:153. [PMID: 21708021 PMCID: PMC3224216 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella species are recognized worldwide as a significant cause of human and animal disease. In this study the molecular profiles and characteristics of Salmonella enterica Senftenberg isolated from human cases of illness and those recovered from healthy or diagnostic cases in animals were assessed. Included in the study was a comparison with our own sequenced strain of S. Senfteberg recovered from production turkeys in North Dakota. Isolates examined in this study were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) panel which tested susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobial agents. The molecular profiles of all isolates were determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the sequence types of the strains were obtained using Multi-Locus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis based on amplification and sequence interrogation of seven housekeeping genes (aroC, dnaN, hemD, hisD, purE, sucA, and thrA). PFGE data was input into BioNumerics analysis software to generate a dendrogram of relatedness among the strains. RESULTS The study found 93 profiles among 98 S. Senftenberg isolates tested and there were primarily two sequence types associated with humans and animals (ST185 and ST14) with overlap observed in all host types suggesting that the distribution of S. Senftenberg sequence types is not host dependent. Antimicrobial resistance was observed among the animal strains, however no resistance was detected in human isolates suggesting that animal husbandry has a significant influence on the selection and promotion of antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSION The data demonstrates the circulation of at least two strain types in both animal and human health suggesting that S. Senftenberg is relatively homogeneous in its distribution. The data generated in this study could be used towards defining a pathotype for this serovar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Stepan
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hah DY, Ji DH, Jo SR, Park AR, Jung EH, Park DY, Lee KC, Yang JW, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Jung JH, Song IH, Kim AR, Lee JY, Kim YH. Prevalence of the antimicrobial resistance and resistance associated gene in Salmonella spp. isolated from pigs and cattle in slaughterhouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7853/kjvs.2011.34.1.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
Edrington TS, Carter BH, Farrow RL, Islas A, Hagevoort GR, Friend TH, Callaway TR, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Influence of Weaning on Fecal Shedding of Pathogenic Bacteria in Dairy Calves. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:395-401. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom S. Edrington
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Boone H. Carter
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Russell L. Farrow
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Alfonso Islas
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - G. Robert Hagevoort
- Agricultural Experiment Station, New Mexico State University, Clovis, New Mexico
| | - Ted H. Friend
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - David J. Nisbet
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaneene JB, Miller R, May K, Hattey JA. An Outbreak of Multidrug-ResistantSalmonella entericaSerotype Oranienburg in Michigan Dairy Calves. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1193-201. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John B. Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - RoseAnn Miller
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Katherine May
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Joseph A. Hattey
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chuanchuen R, Ajariyakhajorn K, Koowatananukul C, Wannaprasat W, Khemtong S, Samngamnim S. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cows. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:63-9. [PMID: 19821743 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred sixty Salmonella enterica isolates from clinically healthy dairy cows were assayed for antibiotic susceptibilities, the presence of class 1 integrons, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes, and conjugal transfer of antimicrobial resistance determinants. One hundred nine (68%) of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, and 14 isolates (9%) were multiresistant. The most prevalent resistance observed was to streptomycin (64%). Class 1 integrons were detected in only two Salmonella isolates (serovar Singapore and Derby), and both integrons harbored the same cassette content aadA2. The Derby class 1 integrons were associated with Salmonella genomic island 1-A. Most commonly found resistance genes were strA and strB (9.2%). None of class 1 integrons were horizontally transferred, and the resistance genes were successfully transferred from six (5.5%) Salmonella strains. One hundred fifty-nine isolates (98.8%) were positive to the invasion gene invA, whereas the virulence plasmid-associated genes spvC and pefA were found in only two (1.3%) and one (0.6%) Salmonella isolates, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vo ATT, van Duijkeren E, Gaastra W, Fluit AC. Antimicrobial resistance, class 1 integrons, and genomic island 1 in Salmonella isolates from Vietnam. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9440. [PMID: 20195474 PMCID: PMC2829082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic resistance and the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants from Salmonella isolates from humans and animals in Vietnam. Methodology/Principal Findings The susceptibility of 297 epidemiologically unrelated non-typhoid Salmonella isolates was investigated by disk diffusion assay. The isolates were screened for the presence of class 1 integrons and Salmonella genomic island 1 by PCR. The potential for the transfer of resistance determinants was investigated by conjugation experiments. Resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, trimethoprim, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, sulphonamides, and tetracycline was found in 13 to 50% of the isolates. Nine distinct integron types were detected in 28% of the isolates belonging to 11 Salmonella serovars including S. Tallahassee. Gene cassettes identified were aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaPSE-1, blaOXA-30, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA17, and sat, as well as open reading frames with unknown functions. Most integrons were located on conjugative plasmids, which can transfer their antimicrobial resistance determinants to Escherichia coli or Salmonella Enteritidis, or with Salmonella Genomic Island 1 or its variants. The resistance gene cluster in serovar Emek identified by PCR mapping and nucleotide sequencing contained SGI1-J3 which is integrated in SGI1 at another position than the majority of SGI1. This is the second report on the insertion of SGI1 at this position. High-level resistance to fluoroquinolones was found in 3 multiresistant S. Typhimurium isolates and was associated with mutations in the gyrA gene leading to the amino acid changes Ser83Phe and Asp87Asn. Conclusions Resistance was common among Vietnamese Salmonella isolates from different sources. Legislation to enforce a more prudent use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine should be implemented by the authorities in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An T. T. Vo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Min City, Vietnam
| | - Engeline van Duijkeren
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Wim Gaastra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad C. Fluit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Poole TL, Edrington TS, Brichta-Harhay DM, Carattoli A, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Conjugative Transferability of the A/C Plasmids from Salmonella enterica Isolates That Possess or Lack blaCMY in the A/C Plasmid Backbone. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:1185-94. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Tom S. Edrington
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | | | - Robin Carl Anderson
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - David J. Nisbet
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in dairy cattle in the United States. Vet Res Commun 2008; 33:191-209. [PMID: 18792798 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased frequency of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella isolated from humans over the last quarter century in the United States has led to concern about the contribution animal production systems have played in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella. In order to better understand the potential role of dairy cattle as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistant Salmonella, it is important to understand methods currently used to measure the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella from human and animal populations. This review describes the biology of Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance, methods used to monitor antimicrobial resistance, and studies that have measured the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella among human and dairy cattle populations in the U.S. Although the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella from healthy dairy cattle is low, similar trends in the prevalence of resistance among Salmonella from clinically ill human and dairy cattle populations were observed in the literature.
Collapse
|
33
|
Edrington TS, Callaway TR, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella on commercial dairies utilizing a single heifer raising facility. J Food Prot 2008; 71:27-34. [PMID: 18236659 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the current research were twofold: (i) to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in the various classes of dairy cattle and (ii) to determine if comingling of calves from multiple farms at a heifer feedlot serves as a transmission vector for Salmonella back to the dairy farm. Four large commercial dairies in the southwestern United States were sampled in October 2005 and again in March 2006. Fecal samples were collected from hutch calves, 12- and 24-month-old heifers, lactating cows, dry cows, and cattle in the sick-fresh pen and cultured with brilliant green agar supplemented with novobiocin (BGA(nov)) to estimate the overall Salmonella prevalence, or with tetracycline (BGA(tet)) to estimate MDR Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with the National Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) testing panel, and a portion of the isolates were serotyped. Salmonella prevalence among groups ranged from 0 to 96% positive, with the highest incidence observed in the hutch calves and cattle in the sick-fresh pen. Twenty-eight different serotypes were identified with serotype Reading accounting for the majority of isolates cultured on BGA(tet). Nearly all (100 of 103) isolates cultured on BGA(nov) and screened for antibiotic resistance were pan susceptible, whereas over one-half (64%) of the isolates cultured on BGA(tet) were MDR. Forty isolates displayed the ACSSuT resistance pattern, and 36 isolates displayed the MDR-AmpC pattern of the 72 isolates examined following culture on BGA(tet). The incidence of Salmonella cultured on BGA(tet) was low (9%) in all heifers and only one MDR isolate was cultured (from a 12-month-old heifer), suggesting the risk of transmission of Salmonella from the heifer feedlot back to the dairy is low. Results of this research suggest the incidence of MDR Salmonella, found primarily in hutch calves and cattle in the sick-fresh pen, is low in comparison to the overall Salmonella prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Edrington
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Van Kessel J, Karns J, Wolfgang D, Hovingh E, Schukken Y. Longitudinal Study of a Clonal, Subclinical Outbreak of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Cerro in a U.S. Dairy Herd. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2007; 4:449-61. [PMID: 18041954 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, ANRI, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - J.S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, ANRI, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - D.R. Wolfgang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - E. Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Y.H. Schukken
- Quality Milk Production Services, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Callaway TR, Edrington TS, Anderson RC, Byrd JA, Nisbet DJ. Gastrointestinal microbial ecology and the safety of our food supply as related to Salmonella. J Anim Sci 2007; 86:E163-72. [PMID: 17878279 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella causes an estimated 1.3 million human foodborne illnesses and more than 500 deaths each year in the United States, representing an annual estimated cost to the economy of approximately $2.4 billion. Salmonella enterica comprises more than 2,500 serotypes. With this genetic and environmental diversity, serotypes are adapted to live in a variety of hosts, which may or may not manifest with clinical illness. Thus, Salmonella presents a multifaceted threat to food production and safety. Salmonella have been isolated from all food animals and can cause morbidity and mortality in swine, cattle, sheep, and poultry. The link between human salmonellosis and host animals is most clear in poultry. During the early part of the 20th century, a successful campaign was waged to eliminate fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella Gallinarum/Pullorum. Microbial ecology is much like macroecology; environmental niches are filled by adapted and specialized species. Elimination of S. Gallinarum cleared a niche in the on-farm and intestinal microbial ecology that was quickly exploited by Salmonella Enteritidis and other serotypes that live in other hosts, such as rodents. In the years since, human salmonellosis cases linked to poultry have increased to the point that uncooked chicken and eggs are regarded as toxic in the zeitgeist. Salmonellosis caused by poultry products have increased significantly in the past 5 yr, leading to a USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service "Salmonella Attack Plan" that aims to reduce the incidence of Salmonella in chickens below the current 19%. The prevalence of Salmonella in swine and cattle is lower, but still poses a threat to food safety and production efficiency. Thus, approaches to reducing Salmonella in animals must take into consideration that the microbial ecology of the animal is a critical factor that should be accounted for when designing intervention strategies. Use of competitive exclusion, sodium chlorate, vaccination, and bacteriophage are all strategies that can reduce Salmonella in the live animal, but it is vital to understand how they function so that we do not invoke the law of unintended consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T R Callaway
- Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Berge ACB, Dueger EL, Sischo WM. Comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns in wastewater at municipal water treatment plants in two California cities. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 101:1309-16. [PMID: 17105561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine Salmonella enterica serovars and antibiotic resistance (ABR) in the human waste stream. METHODS AND RESULTS Sampling of influent wastewater at municipal treatment plants in two California cities was performed by collecting composite samples, over a 24-h period, from the treatment plants on five to six occasions. Serial water quantities were filtered and cultured with a Salmonella selective method and an oxytetracycline-supplemented Salmonella selective method. Antibiotic susceptibilities to 12 antibiotics were determined and the isolates were grouped based on ABR patterns. From 983 S. enterica isolated, 102 represented unique sampling-serovar-ABR patterns. Thirty-five different serovars were identified to be distributed over 17 different ABR patterns. The serovar distribution differed between the sampling sites, whereas there was no significant trend in levels of multiple ABR. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella enterica was recovered with ease from small sample volumes of wastewater received by municipal water treatment plants. A large variety of serovars and ABR profiles were represented in the recovered Salmonella. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The ease of sampling and recovery of Salmonella from municipal wastewater from treatment plants makes it a valuable sampling approach for monitoring the presence of Salmonella in the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C B Berge
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 93274, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ray KA, Warnick LD, Mitchell RM, Kaneene JB, Ruegg PL, Wells SJ, Fossler CP, Halbert LW, May K. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella on midwest and northeast USA dairy farms. Prev Vet Med 2007; 79:204-23. [PMID: 17215055 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolated from dairy herds in New York, Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, USA. Serogroup and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics were determined for Salmonella from cattle and environmental samples collected during August 2000-October 2001 as part of a longitudinal study where 129 herds were visited at 2-month intervals. Salmonella isolates were tested (using a broth microdilution method) for susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of the 1506 isolates tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations to these 14 antimicrobial agents, 81.2% were pan-susceptible and for most herds (81.6%) the predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern was pan-susceptible. At least 1 Salmonella isolate resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial agents was found on 23.6% of herds. This resistance phenotype was most common among serogroups B and E1 and among samples from calves and farmer-designated sick cows. Resistant samples most frequently exhibited resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and/or ampicillin. No samples were resistant to ceftriaxone (though 13 were in the intermediate range), and very few samples were resistant to ciprofloxacin (n=1), nalidixic acid (n=5), or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n=7).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Ray
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fluckey WM, Loneragan WGH, Warner R, Brashears MM. Antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from cattle feces, hides, and carcasses. J Food Prot 2007; 70:551-6. [PMID: 17388041 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.3.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To determine patterns of cross-contamination and antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms commonly associated with cattle, 60 cattle shipped to a commercial abattoir (20 in each of three separate trial periods) were followed through processing. Samples for bacterial isolation were collected from the feces and hides immediately before shipping, from the hides at the abattoir after exsanguination, and from the carcasses before evisceration and in the cooler. Samples were cultured for Salmonella and non-type-specific Escherichia coli. Salmonella was identified in 33.9% (n = 20) of the fecal samples and on 37.3% (n = 22) of the hides before shipment. At the abattoir, the proportion of hides from which Salmonella was isolated increased (P < 0.001) to 84.2% (48 hides). Nonspecific E. coli and Salmonella were recovered from 40.4 and 8.3% of preevisceration carcass samples, respectively. No Salmonella or nonspecific E. coli were recovered from hotbox carcass samples. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial drug susceptibility. For nonspecific E. coli, 80.3% (n = 270) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug. For Salmonella, 97% (n = 101) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug; however, only 4.0% were resistant to two or more. The most common resistance was to sulfamethoxazole. These results indicate that the presence of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial drugs is common in cattle and beef. Further studies are needed to identify the sources and causes of this drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W M Fluckey
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 42141, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vo ATT, van Duijkeren E, Fluit AC, Heck MEOC, Verbruggen A, van der Zwaluw K, Gaastra W. Class 1 integrons in Dutch Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin isolates from clinical cases of bovine salmonellosis. Vet Microbiol 2006; 117:192-200. [PMID: 16781090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-nine Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (Salmonella Dublin) isolates from clinical cases of bovine salmonellosis between 1993 and 2004 were tested for their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents and the presence of class 1 integrons. Integrons were further analyzed by conserved segment PCR-RFLP. DNA sequencing was used to identify the inserted gene cassette. Twelve (20.3%) isolates were multidrug-resistant. A combination of resistance against chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphonamides was the most common phenotype observed. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) was found to be strongly associated with the presence of integrons, since a class 1 integron with the aadA1 gene cassette encoding resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin was found in all 12 multidrug-resistant isolates. The presence of the aadA1 gene in Salmonella Dublin has not been reported before. None of the integron carrying Salmonella Dublin isolates could transfer its antimicrobial resistance to E. coli K12 by conjugation. Analysis of plasmid profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns showed at least some clonality among the Salmonella Dublin isolates, but 11 different types could be distinguished based on both XbaI and BlnI-PFGE patterns. Thus, the Dutch Salmonella Dublin strains were closely related but not clonal.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/drug therapy
- Cattle Diseases/epidemiology
- Conjugation, Genetic
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/methods
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/veterinary
- Genotype
- Integrons
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/drug therapy
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology
- Salmonella enterica/drug effects
- Salmonella enterica/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An T T Vo
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ray KA, Warnick LD, Mitchell RM, Kaneene JB, Ruegg PL, Wells SJ, Fossler CP, Halbert LW, May K. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella from Organic and Conventional Dairy Farms. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:2038-50. [PMID: 16702267 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from conventional and organic dairy farms in the Midwest and Northeast United States. Environmental and fecal samples were collected from organic (n = 26) and conventional (n = 69) farms in Michigan, Minnesota, New York, and Wisconsin every 2 mo from August 2000 to October 2001. Salmonella isolates (n = 1,243) were tested using a broth microdilution method for susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Herd-level logistic regression and logistic proportional hazards multivariable models were used to examine the association between farm management type and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. For most antimicrobial agents tested, susceptibility of Salmonella isolates was similar on organic and conventional herds when controlling for herd size and state. Conventional farms were more likely to have at least one Salmonella isolate resistant to streptomycin using logistic regression (odds ratio = 7.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.7-5.4). Conventional farms were more likely to have Salmonella isolates with greater resistance to streptomycin (odds ratio = 5.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.5-19.0) and sulfamethoxazole (odds ratio = 4.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-14.1) using logistic proportional hazards models. Although not statistically significant, conventional farms tended to be more likely to have at least one Salmonella isolate resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial agents when compared with organic farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Ray
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Looper ML, Edrington TS, Flores R, Rosenkrans CF, Aiken GE. Escherichia coliO157:H7 andSalmonellain Water and Soil from Tall Fescue Paddocks. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2006; 3:203-8. [PMID: 16761947 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Six 1-ha paddocks of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) grazed by Gelbvieh x Angus heifers from 1 March to 21 June 2005 were used to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in water tanks, and standing water and surface soil surrounding water tanks in tall fescue paddocks grazed by cattle. Paddocks included two each of Kentucky-31 endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+), Jesup tall fescue with the AR542 endophyte strain (MaxQ), and HiMag tall fescue with strain 4 endophyte (HiMag4). Samples were collected weekly (6 June to 5 July) from water tanks (n = 30), and standing water (n = 18) and surface soil (n = 30) surrounding the water tanks in each paddock commencing 3 weeks prior to termination of grazing until 2 weeks after cattle removal. Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 tended (p = 0.07) to be increased in standing water and surface soil surrounding water tanks when cattle were present. Presence of cattle resulted in muddy conditions surrounding water tanks. Consumption of E+ tall fescue did not influence (p > 0.10) the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella in or around water tanks. Neither E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella were detected in water tanks. Total percentage of standing water samples positive for E. coli O157:H7 was 27.8% and 5.6% for Salmonella. Escherichia coli O157:H7 (6.7%) and Salmonella (10%) also were detected in the surface soil surrounding the water tanks. We conclude that areas surrounding water tanks in tall fescue paddocks can be reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Looper
- USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South StateHwy. 23, Booneville, Arkansas 72927, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Callaway TR, Keen JE, Edrington TS, Baumgard LH, Spicer L, Fonda ES, Griswold KE, Overton TR, VanAmburgh ME, Anderson RC, Genovese KJ, Poole TL, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ. Fecal prevalence and diversity of Salmonella species in lactating dairy cattle in four states. J Dairy Sci 2006; 88:3603-8. [PMID: 16162534 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most serious foodborne pathogenic bacteria in the United States, causing an estimated 1.3 million human illnesses each year. Dairy cows can be reservoirs of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella spp.; it is estimated that from 27 to 31% of dairy herds across the United States are colonized by Salmonella. The present study was designed to examine the occurrence of Salmonella spp. on dairies and to examine the serotypic diversity of Salmonella isolates on sampled dairies from across the United States. Fecal samples (n = 60 per dairy) were collected from 4 dairies in each of 4 states for a total of 960 fecal samples representing a total population of 13,200 dairy cattle. In the present study, 93 of 960 samples (9.96%) collected were culture-positive for Salmonella enterica. At least one Salmonella fecal-shedding cow was found in 9 of the 16 herds (56%) and the within-herd prevalence varied in our study from 0% in 7 herds to a maximum of 37% in 2 herds, with a mean prevalence among Salmonella-positive herds of 17%. Seventeen different serotypes were isolated, representing 7 different Salmonella serogroups. There were 2 or more different serogroups and serotypes present on 7 of the 9 Salmonella-positive farms. Serotypes Montevideo and Muenster were the most frequent and widespread. From our data, it appears that subclinical colonization with Salmonella enterica is relatively common on dairy farms and is represented by diverse serotypes on US dairy farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T R Callaway
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|