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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Bhat AH, Dar KB, Khan A, Alshahrani S, Alshehri SM, Ghoneim MM, Alam P, Shakeel F. Tricyclodecan-9-yl-Xanthogenate (D609): Mechanism of Action and Pharmacological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3305. [PMID: 35328726 PMCID: PMC8954530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricyclodecan-9-yl xanthogenate (D609) is a synthetic tricyclic compound possessing a xanthate group. This xanthogenate compound is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. Over the last three decades, many studies have reported the biological activities of D609, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anticholinergic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-proliferative, and neuroprotective activities. Its mechanism of action is extensively attributed to its ability to cause the competitive inhibition of phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and sphingomyelin synthase (SMS). The inhibition of PCPLC or SMS affects secondary messengers with a lipidic nature, i.e., 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide. Various in vitro/in vivo studies suggest that PCPLC and SMS inhibition regulate the cell cycle, block cellular proliferation, and induce differentiation. D609 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine antagonist and diminishes Aβ-stimulated toxicity. PCPLC enzymatic activity essentially requires Zn2+, and D609 might act as a potential chelator of Zn2+, thereby blocking PCPLC enzymatic activity. D609 also demonstrates promising results in reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation, post-stroke cerebral infarction, and cancer progression. The present compilation provides a comprehensive mechanistic insight into D609, including its chemistry, mechanism of action, and regulation of various pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashiq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (A.H.B.); (K.B.D.)
| | - Khalid Bashir Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India; (A.H.B.); (K.B.D.)
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan M. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (F.S.)
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Mohammadkhani L, Heravi MM. Applications of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution in Total Synthesis of Natural Products: An Update. CHEM REC 2020; 21:29-68. [PMID: 33206466 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) reaction is one of the most synthetically useful reactions catalyzed by metal complexes for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. It comprises the substitution of allylic substrates with a wide range of nucleophiles or SN 2'-type allylic substitution, which results in the formation of the above-mentioned bonds with high levels of enantioselective induction. AAS reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, thus has been successfully applied in the asymmetric synthesis of a wide range of optically pure compounds. This reaction has been extensively used in the total synthesis of several complex molecules, especially natural products. In this review, we try to highlight the applications of metal (Pd, Ir, Mo, or Cu)-catalyzed AAS reaction in the total synthesis of the biologically active natural products, as a key step, updating the subject from 2003 till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Mohammadkhani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Alzahra University Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Alzahra University Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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Recent advances in the applications of Wittig reaction in the total synthesis of natural products containing lactone, pyrone, and lactam as a scaffold. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Raghavan S, Patel JS. A Stereoselective Synthesis of the Carbon Backbone of Phoslactomycin B. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadagopan Raghavan
- Natural Product Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Javed Sardar Patel
- Natural Product Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
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6
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Trost BM, Knopf JD, Brindle CS. Synthetic Strategies Employed for the Construction of Fostriecin and Related Natural Products. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15035-15088. [PMID: 28027648 PMCID: PMC5720176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fostriecin and related natural products present a significant challenge for synthetic chemists due to their structural complexity and chemical sensitivity. This review will chronicle the successful efforts of synthetic chemists in the construction of these biologically active molecules. Key carbon-carbon bond forming reactions will be highlighted, as well as the methods used to install the numerous stereocenters present in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Joshua D. Knopf
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States
| | - Cheyenne S. Brindle
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States
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Trost BM, Biannic B, Brindle CS, O'Keefe BM, Hunter TJ, Ngai MY. A Highly Convergent Total Synthesis of Leustroducsin B. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11594-7. [PMID: 26313159 PMCID: PMC4621997 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Leustroducsin
B exhibits a large variety of biological activities
and unique structural features. An efficient and highly convergent
total synthesis of Leustroducsin B was achieved in 17 longest linear
and 39 total steps by disconnecting the molecule into three fragments
having similar levels of complexity. These pieces were connected via
a highly efficient chelate-controlled addition of a vinyl zincate
to an α-hydroxy ketone and a silicon-mediated cross-coupling.
The stereochemistry of the central and western fragments was set catalytically
in high yields and excellent de by a zinc-ProPhenol-catalyzed aldol
reaction and a palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Cheyenne S Brindle
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - B Michael O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Thomas J Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
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Application of a newly identified and characterized 18-o-acyltransferase in chemoenzymatic synthesis of selected natural and nonnatural bioactive derivatives of phoslactomycins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3469-76. [PMID: 19304832 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02590-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phoslactomycins (PLMs) and related leustroducsins (LSNs) have been isolated from a variety of bacteria based on antifungal, anticancer, and other biological assays. Streptomyces sp. strain HK 803 produces five PLM analogs (PLM A and PLMs C to F) in which the C-18 hydroxyl substituent is esterified with a range of branched, short-alkyl-chain carboxylic acids. The proposed pathway intermediate, PLM G, in which the hydroxyl residue is not esterified has not been observed at any significant level in fermentation, and the only route to this potentially useful intermediate has been an enzymatic deacylation of other PLMs and LSNs. We report that deletion of plmS(3) from the PLM biosynthetic cluster gives rise to a mutant which accumulates the PLM G intermediate. The 921-bp plmS(3) open reading frame was cloned and expressed as an N-terminally polyhistidine-tagged protein in Escherichia coli and shown to be an 18-O acyltransferase, catalyzing conversion of PLM G to PLM A, PLM C, and PLM E using isobutyryl coenzyme A (CoA), 3-methylbutyryl-CoA, and cyclohexylcarbonyl-CoA, respectively. The efficiency of this process (k(cat) of 28 +/- 3 min(-1) and K(m) of 88 +/- 16 microM) represents a one-step chemoenzymatic alternative to a multistep synthetic process for selective chemical esterification of the C-18 hydroxy residue of PLM G. PlmS(3) was shown to catalyze esterification of PLM G with CoA and N-acetylcysteamine thioesters of various saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic carboxylic acids and thus also to provide an efficient chemoenzymatic route to new PLM analogs.
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Miyashita K, Tsunemi T, Hosokawa T, Ikejiri M, Imanishi T. Total Synthesis of Leustroducsin B. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5360-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsunemi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikejiri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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Kato Y, Ozawa S, Tsukuda M, Kubota E, Miyazaki K, St-Pierre Y, Hata RI. Acidic extracellular pH increases calcium influx-triggered phospholipase D activity along with acidic sphingomyelinase activation to induce matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in mouse metastatic melanoma. FEBS J 2007; 274:3171-83. [PMID: 17540003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acidic extracellular pH is a common feature of tumor tissues. We have reported that culturing cells at acidic pH (5.4-6.5) induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through phospholipase D, extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB. Here, we show that acidic extracellular pH signaling involves both pathways of phospholipase D triggered by Ca2+ influx and acidic sphingomyelinase in mouse B16 melanoma cells. We found that BAPTA-AM [1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl) ester], a chelator of intracellular free calcium, and the voltage dependent Ca2+ channel blockers, mibefradil (for T-type) and nimodipine (for L-type), dose-dependently inhibited acidic extracellular pH-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was transiently elevated by acidic extracellular pH, and this [Ca2+]i elevation was repressed by EGTA and the voltage dependent Ca2+ channel blockers but not by phospholipase C inhibitor, suggesting that acidic extracellular pH increased [Ca2+]i through voltage dependent Ca2+ channel. In contrast, SR33557, an L-type voltage dependent Ca2+ channel blocker and acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitor, attenuated matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction but did not affect calcium influx. We found that acidic sphingomyelinase activity was induced by acidic extracellular pH and that the specific acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitors (perhexiline and desipramine) and siRNA targeting aSMase/smpd1 could inhibit acidic extracellular pH-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. BAPTA-AM reduced acidic extracellular pH-induced phospholipase D but not acidic sphingomyelinase acitivity. The acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitors did not affect the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 and p38, but they suppressed nuclear factor-kappaB activity. These data suggest that the calcium influx-triggered phospholipase D and acidic sphingomyelinase pathways of acidic extracellular pH induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, at least in part, through nuclear factor-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan.
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Miyashita K, Tsunemi T, Hosokawa T, Ikejiri M, Imanishi T. Total synthesis of leustroducsin B via a convergent route. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Abstract
A convergent total synthesis of leustroducsin B (1), which is known to exhibit a variety of biological activities, was successfully carried out. Notable features of our synthesis include construction of the C8 stereocenter by lipase-mediated desymmetrization of meso-diol 4 (90.2% ee) and preparation of the C9-C11 anti-diol moiety by the addition of alkynylzinc reagent 20 to the aldehyde 19. Furthermore, a new diol protecting group, p-silyloxybenzylidene, was developed for the deprotection from densely functionalized substrates under weakly acidic conditions. The protecting group was easily removed in a two-step procedure ((HF)3.Et3N; AcOH-THF-H2O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Shimada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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