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Hong N, Biannic B, Virsik P, Zhou H, Le Moigne R. Advances in the development of a targeted N-Terminal Domain androgen receptor (AR) degrader (ANITAC) for the treatment of prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hong NH, Biannic B, Virsik P, Zhou HJ, Moigne RL. Abstract 429: Androgen receptor (AR) N-terminal domain degraders can degrade AR full length and AR splice variants in CRPC preclinical models. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a main driver of prostate cancer progression and remains a crucial target for therapeutic intervention even in late stages of the disease. Current antiandrogen therapies directly or indirectly target the AR ligand binding domain (LBD) and are initially effective in prostate cancer patients. However, resistance ultimately develops, and new methods of inhibiting the AR pathway are needed. The selective targeting of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the AR by small molecule anitens represents a novel method of blocking AR signaling that can bypass LBD-related resistance mechanisms. AR NTD is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) which has no stable ordered structure and is generally regarded as an undruggable target due to the lack of a well-defined small-molecule binding pocket. However, we recently demonstrated that EPI-7386, an AR NTD small molecule inhibitor, inhibits AR activity by binding to Tau5 region of the NTD. By developing an aniten based bifunctional degrader (ANITAC for ANITen bAsed Chimera), our goal is to eliminate any forms of AR protein found in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), that can potentially drive disease progression, including LBD mutants and AR truncated variants.
Methods: AR degradation was monitored by Western Blot or by using the HiBit assay. AR transcriptional activity was measured using different reporter assays following AR full length (FL) or truncated AR activity in in vitro models.
Results: Here we report the first series of AR degraders targeting the NTD of AR, which lead to degradation of all forms of AR, including AR-V7 and AR-v567es. ANITACs eliminate AR in all cell lines tested through an E3 ligase dependent mechanism, with an observed 50% degradation concentration (DC50) < 20 nM in 22Rv1 cells for the most potent compounds. AR degradation mediated by ANITACs suppresses the expression of AR target genes and decreases the viability of prostate cancer cells. ANITACs also degrade clinically relevant AR mutants and AR splice variants and show inhibition of AR transcriptional activity in multiple cell lines expressing different forms of AR including AR FL (LNCaP, CWR-AD1), AR-V7 (22Rv1), AR-V567es (CWR-D567). In vitro and in vivo PK studies show the compounds are metabolically stable and exhibit excellent oral bioavailability in mice.
Conclusion: In summary, we report preclinical data on the first generation of ANITAC molecules, that can be orally bioavailable and show activity against forms of AR expressed in late stage CRPC patients.
Citation Format: Nan Hyung Hong, Berenger Biannic, Peter Virsik, Han-Jie Zhou, Ronan Le Moigne. Androgen receptor (AR) N-terminal domain degraders can degrade AR full length and AR splice variants in CRPC preclinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 429.
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Hong NH, Sun S, Virsik P, Cesano A, Mostaghel EA, Plymate SR, Biannic B, Zhou HJ, Le Moigne R. Abstract P192: Comprehensive preclinical characterization of the mechanism of action of EPI-7386, an androgen receptor N-terminal domain inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-p192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a main driver of prostate cancer progression and remains a crucial target for therapeutic intervention even in late stages of the disease. While current anti-androgen therapies targeting directly or indirectly the AR ligand binding domain (LBD) are initially effective, resistance ultimately develops, and new methods of inhibiting the AR pathway are needed. The selective targeting of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the AR represents a novel method of blocking AR signaling to by-pass LBD-related resistance. EPI-7386 is a potent and metabolically stable NTD inhibitor (aniten) currently in a phase 1 dose-escalation study in mCRPC patients (NCT04421222). Here we further characterized the binding to AR NTD and the mechanism of action of EPI-7386. Methods: Target engagement was measured by Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) and two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. The potency and selectivity of EPI-7386 was determined in cellular models expressing different forms of AR using reporter and cell viability assays. qPCR, NanoString, and RNA sequencing were used to explore the activity of EPI-7386 on the AR transcriptome. To determine the effect of EPI-7386 on AR genomic occupancy, Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed. Results: We confirmed target engagement of EPI-7386 with an LBD truncated AR variant by CETSA using a cell line which expresses only AR-V567es, suggesting the interaction of EPI-7386 with AR NTD. In the same cell line, AR antagonist enzalutamide that binds to AR LBD showed no target engagement with AR-V567es. Furthermore, 2D NMR study results demonstrate an interaction of EPI-7386 with amino acid residues located in the transcription activation unit 5 (Tau-5) region of the AR NTD, a region which has been described to be involved in interactions with transcriptional cofactors such as CBP/p300. EPI-7386 strongly impaired the transcriptional activity and gene expression driven exclusively by LBD truncated AR variants including AR-V567es and AR-V7 and decreased cell viability. EPI-7386 has been shown to suppress the AR regulated transcriptome and the combination of EPI-7386 with lutamides resulted in broader and deeper inhibition of AR-regulated gene expression. The analysis of the AR cistrome by ChIP-seq showed that EPI-7386 displaces genome-wide androgen induced AR binding and the combination with enzalutamide completely abrogated AR binding. Conclusion: EPI-7386 is a potent AR NTD inhibitor that has the capacity to by-pass AR LBD resistance mechanisms to current anti-androgen therapies by uniquely inhibiting AR-mediated signaling. The agent has the potential for providing clinical benefit as a single agent in patients whose tumors are progressing on anti-androgens or in combination with current anti-androgens in earlier line patients.
Citation Format: Nan Hyung Hong, Shihua Sun, Peter Virsik, Alessandra Cesano, Elahe A. Mostaghel, Stephen R. Plymate, Berenger Biannic, Han-Jie Zhou, Ronan Le Moigne. Comprehensive preclinical characterization of the mechanism of action of EPI-7386, an androgen receptor N-terminal domain inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P192.
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Ohol YM, Sun MT, Cutler G, Leger PR, Hu DX, Biannic B, Rana P, Cho C, Jacobson S, Wong ST, Sanchez J, Shah N, Pookot D, Abraham B, Young K, Suthram S, Marshall LA, Bradford D, Kozon N, Han X, Okano A, Maung J, Colas C, Schwarz J, Wustrow D, Brockstedt DG, Kassner PD. Novel, Selective Inhibitors of USP7 Uncover Multiple Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1970-1980. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Leger PR, Hu DX, Biannic B, Bui M, Han X, Karbarz E, Maung J, Okano A, Osipov M, Shibuya GM, Young K, Higgs C, Abraham B, Bradford D, Cho C, Colas C, Jacobson S, Ohol YM, Pookot D, Rana P, Sanchez J, Shah N, Sun M, Wong S, Brockstedt DG, Kassner PD, Schwarz JB, Wustrow DJ. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors of USP7 with In Vivo Antitumor Activity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5398-5420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Leger
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Minna Bui
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xinping Han
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily Karbarz
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack Maung
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Akinori Okano
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maksim Osipov
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Grant M. Shibuya
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Young
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher Higgs
- Schrödinger, 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Betty Abraham
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Delia Bradford
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cynthia Cho
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christophe Colas
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott Jacobson
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yamini M. Ohol
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepa Pookot
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Payal Rana
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jerick Sanchez
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Niket Shah
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael Sun
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Wong
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dirk G. Brockstedt
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul D. Kassner
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob B. Schwarz
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David J. Wustrow
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Ohol YM, Sun M, Leger P, Hu D, Biannic B, Rana P, Cho C, Jacobson S, Wong S, Sanchez J, Han X, Young K, Okano A, Maung J, Cutler G, Shah N, Adusumilli L, Kaveri D, Talay O, Pookot D, Abraham B, Bradford D, Kozon N, Colas C, Kim A, Schwarz J, Wustrow D, Brockstedt D, Kassner P. Abstract 4441: Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of USP7 with anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
USP7 is a deubiquitinase that regulates the levels of multiple downstream targets with roles in cancer progression and immune response. Inhibitors of USP7 may thus decrease oncogene function, increase tumor suppressor function, enhance immune function and sensitize tumor cells to DNA damaging agents. We have discovered a novel chemical series that potently and selectively inhibits USP7 in biochemical and cellular assays. Our inhibitors reduce the viability of multiple p53-wild type cell lines, including several blood cancer and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines, as well as a subset of p53-mutant tumor cell lines in vitro. Further, oral administration of our USP7 inhibitors inhibits MM.1S (multiple myeloma; p53-wild type) and H526 (small cell lung cancer; p53-mutant) tumor growth in vivo. Our work confirms that USP7 is a pharmacologically tractable target and future studies will aim to further understand the mechanism of action of USP7 inhibitors in p53-mutant cancers.
Citation Format: Yamini M. Ohol, Michael Sun, Paul Leger, Dennis Hu, Berenger Biannic, Payal Rana, Cynthia Cho, Scott Jacobson, Steve Wong, Jerick Sanchez, Xinping Han, Kyle Young, Akinori Okano, Jack Maung, Gene Cutler, Nick Shah, Lavanya Adusumilli, Deepika Kaveri, Oezcan Talay, Deepa Pookot, Betty Abraham, Delia Bradford, Nathan Kozon, Christophe Colas, Andrea Kim, Jacob Schwarz, David Wustrow, Dirk Brockstedt, Paul Kassner. Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of USP7 with anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4441.
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Jackson JJ, Ketcham JM, Younai A, Abraham B, Biannic B, Beck HP, Bui MHT, Chian D, Cutler G, Diokno R, Hu DX, Jacobson S, Karbarz E, Kassner PD, Marshall L, McKinnell J, Meleza C, Okal A, Pookot D, Reilly MK, Robles O, Shunatona HP, Talay O, Walker JR, Wadsworth A, Wustrow DJ, Zibinsky M. Discovery of a Potent and Selective CCR4 Antagonist That Inhibits Treg Trafficking into the Tumor Microenvironment. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6190-6213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Jackson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John M. Ketcham
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ashkaan Younai
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Betty Abraham
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hilary P. Beck
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Minna H. T. Bui
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Chian
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gene Cutler
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Raymond Diokno
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott Jacobson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily Karbarz
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul D. Kassner
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lisa Marshall
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jenny McKinnell
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cesar Meleza
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Abood Okal
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepa Pookot
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen K. Reilly
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Omar Robles
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hunter P. Shunatona
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Oezcan Talay
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James R. Walker
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Angela Wadsworth
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David J. Wustrow
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Zibinsky
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Abraham B, Adusumilli L, Biannic B, Bradford D, Brovarney M, Chian D, Cutler G, Han X, Hu D, Jacobson S, Johnson S, Kassner P, Kaveri D, Ketcham J, Kim A, Leger P, Marshall L, Marubayashi S, Maung J, McKinnell J, Meleza C, Ohol Y, Okano A, Peiser L, Pookot D, Rana P, Schwarz J, Shah N, Shibuya G, Sun M, Suthram S, Talay O, Wadsworth A, Wustrow D, Young K, Napper A. Abstract 2915: Discovery and optimization of potent and selective inhibitors of USP7 to enhance anti-tumor immunity and target tumor growth. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
USP7 is a deubiquitinase (DUB) that has attracted much attention recently due to its multiple roles in promoting cancer progression. By removal of ubiquitin from protein substrates, USP7 stabilizes oncogenes such as MDM2 and Myc, destabilizes and inactivates the key tumor suppressors p53 and PTEN, and imparts resistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapy by enhancing DNA repair responses. USP7 plays an important role in suppression of immune responses in the tumor microenvironment by stabilizing the transcription factor FOXP3 and thereby enhancing the suppressive function of regulatory T cells. Thus, inhibition of USP7 is an appealing therapeutic strategy because it has the potential to impact important oncology targets such as transcription factors that have been widely viewed as undruggable. We employed structure-based and other medicinal chemistry techniques to enable the design of potent and selective USP7 inhibitors. Using a high-throughput assay of DUB activity employing rhodamine-labeled ubiquitin, we optimized several series of reversible USP7 inhibitors to sub-100 pM potency and selectivity of >10,000-fold over all other DUBs. Cellular activity was demonstrated using a luciferase reporter gene assay of p53 activation, revealing compounds with EC50 values ranging down to 20 nM. To assess the role of USP7 inhibition in enhancement of immune responses, we determined relief of suppression of effector T cells in vitro. Effector T cells (CD8+) were co-cultured with regulatory T cells (CD4+ FOXP3+) and antigen-presenting cells for 4 days, after which CD8+ cell proliferation was determined by flow cytometry. Treatment with USP7 inhibitors during co-culture resulted in relief of regulatory T cell suppression of CD8+ cell proliferation. In vivo enhancement of immune responses was assessed in rodent models of inflammation and tumor growth. Direct effects on tumor cell growth and viability were explored by profiling cytotoxicity of USP7 inhibitors as single agents and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in a broad range of cancer cell lines. In preparation for future clinical development, compounds were modified to obtain desirable in vitro and in vivo ADME and toxicity profiles. Following extensive pre-clinical optimization, we have in hand orally bioavailable compounds with high permeability, low clearance, and minimal off-target activity.
Citation Format: Betty Abraham, Lavanya Adusumilli, Berenger Biannic, Delia Bradford, Martin Brovarney, David Chian, Gene Cutler, Xinping Han, Dennis Hu, Scott Jacobson, Sherra Johnson, Paul Kassner, Deepika Kaveri, John Ketcham, Andrea Kim, Paul Leger, Lisa Marshall, Sachie Marubayashi, Jack Maung, Jenny McKinnell, Cesar Meleza, Yamini Ohol, Akinori Okano, Leanne Peiser, Deepa Pookot, Payal Rana, Jacob Schwarz, Nick Shah, Grant Shibuya, Michael Sun, Silpa Suthram, Oezcan Talay, Angela Wadsworth, David Wustrow, Kyle Young, Andrew Napper. Discovery and optimization of potent and selective inhibitors of USP7 to enhance anti-tumor immunity and target tumor growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2915.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Hu
- FLX Bio, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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- FLX Bio, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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Abstract
![]()
Leustroducsin
B exhibits a large variety of biological activities
and unique structural features. An efficient and highly convergent
total synthesis of Leustroducsin B was achieved in 17 longest linear
and 39 total steps by disconnecting the molecule into three fragments
having similar levels of complexity. These pieces were connected via
a highly efficient chelate-controlled addition of a vinyl zincate
to an α-hydroxy ketone and a silicon-mediated cross-coupling.
The stereochemistry of the central and western fragments was set catalytically
in high yields and excellent de by a zinc-ProPhenol-catalyzed aldol
reaction and a palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Cheyenne S Brindle
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - B Michael O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Thomas J Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
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Abstract
The phosphine-catalyzed synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridines via an alkyne isomerization/electrocyclization sequence is described. Propargylidenecarbamate substrates were prepared following a one-pot procedure between a terminal alkyne, a benzonitrile, and a chloroformate in the presence of trimethylaluminum. This methodology gives access to a diverse set of 2,6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydropyridines in high yield. The products can be easily converted into substituted piperidines or pyridines, and this methodology was applied to the synthesis of indolizidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5580, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenger Biannic
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Center for the Catalytic Conversion of Biomass (C3Bio), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37917, United States
| | - Joseph J. Bozell
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Center for the Catalytic Conversion of Biomass (C3Bio), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37917, United States
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Abstract
The Au(I)-catalyzed intermolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkynes with allylic alcohols to provide allyl vinyl ethers that subsequently undergo Claisen rearrangement is reported. This new cascade reaction strategy facilitates the direct formation of γ,δ-unsaturated ketones from simple starting materials in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ketcham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Ghebreghiorgis T, Biannic B, Kirk BH, Ess DH, Aponick A. The Importance of Hydrogen Bonding to Stereoselectivity and Catalyst Turnover in Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization of Monoallylic Diols. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16307-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ghebreghiorgis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611,
United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611,
United States
| | - Brian H. Kirk
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611,
United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, Fax: +1‐352‐846‐0296
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, Fax: +1‐352‐846‐0296
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Biannic B, Ghebreghiorgis T, Aponick A. A comparative study of the Au-catalyzed cyclization of hydroxy-substituted allylic alcohols and ethers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:802-7. [PMID: 21804875 PMCID: PMC3135158 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Au(I)-catalyzed cyclization of hydroxyallylic ethers to form tetrahydropyrans is reported. Employing (acetonitrile)[(o-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine]gold(I) hexafluoroantimonate, the cyclization reactions were complete within minutes to hours, depending on the substrate. The reaction progress was monitored by GC, and comparisons between substrates demonstrate that reactions of allylic alcohols are faster than the corresponding ethers. Additionally, it is reported that Reaxa QuadraPureTM MPA is an efficient scavenging reagent that halts the reaction progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
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Aponick A, Biannic B. Chirality Transfer in Au-Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of Monoallylic Diols: Selective Access to Specific Enantiomers Based on Olefin Geometry. Org Lett 2011; 13:1330-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Aponick A, Biannic B, Jong MR. A highly adaptable catalyst/substrate system for the synthesis of substituted chromenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6849-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Chilloux A, Biannic B, Girault F, Antoine M, Routier S, Merour JY. Synthesis of New 4-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-3H-Furo[3,4-b]Carbazole-3-Ones Derivatives. LETT ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.2174/157017807780737291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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