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Oszczędłowski P, Górecki K, Greluk A, Krawczyk M, Pacyna K, Kędzierawski JA, Ziółko AK, Chromiak K, Sławiński MA, Raczkiewicz P, Chylińska-Wrzos P, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Pedrycz-Wieczorska A. All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Assessment of Bee Pollen Supplementation Effects on Gastric Mucosa. Nutrients 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 38201868 PMCID: PMC10780818 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of bee pollen supplementation on the levels of enzymes important for gastric mucosal homeostasis, namely cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and a biomarker-asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-in the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats. The experimental phase divided the rats into four groups: two control groups, sedentary and active, both not supplemented, and two experimental groups, sedentary and active, supplemented with bee pollen. The results indicated that bee pollen supplementation reduced the levels of COX-1 and elevated iNOS levels, while showing no significant impact on COX-2 levels. These findings do not conclusively support the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of bee pollen on gastric mucosa. However, the supplementation could have resulted in reduced ADMA levels in the physically active supplemented group. Our study does not unequivocally demonstrate the positive effects of bee pollen supplementation on the gastric mucosa, which may be attributed to the specific metabolism and bioavailability of substances within unprocessed, dried bee pollen. Further research should explore the topic of potential therapeutic applications of bee pollen in gastrointestinal health and its interactions with ADMA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Oszczędłowski
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Kamil Górecki
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Greluk
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Milena Krawczyk
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Pacyna
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Jan Andrzej Kędzierawski
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Artur Kacper Ziółko
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Karol Chromiak
- Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland (K.P.)
| | - Mirosław A. Sławiński
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Patrycja Chylińska-Wrzos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pedrycz-Wieczorska
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Hassan ME, Hassan MA, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Bakeer RM, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Zinc-loaded whey protein nanoparticles alleviate the oxidative damage and enhance the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127030. [PMID: 35779434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element required for the function of the immune system. However, Zn fortification of food has faced some challenges, although excess Zn may be induced obesity and other related. This study aimed to use Zn-loaded whey protein nanoparticles (Zn-WPNPs) to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of Zn in rats treated with CCl4. METHODS Zn was loaded to WPNPs at a level of 14 mg/g. Four experimental groups of male albino Wistar rats were treated for 30 days including the control group, CCl4-treated group (0.5 ml/100 g b.w), Zn plus CCl4-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w), and CCl4 plus Zn-WPNPs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w). Blood and tissue samples were collected for different assays and histological examinations. RESULTS The results revealed that CCl4 disturbs the serum biochemical, hematological, and immune indicators in different organs besides the liver as a target organ. Animals that received CCl4 showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in the lung and spleen accompanied by a significant decrease in the hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes along with histological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. Zn or Zn-WPNPs could improve these parameters and the histological picture of the tested organs and Zn-WPNPs were more effective than Zn alone. CONCLUSION WPNPs induced synergistic immune-modulating effects which may control Zn release and may be a suitable candidate to enhance the immune system during any pandemic or the exposure to any chemicals that affect the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Hassan
- Toxicology Department, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Food Evaluation and Food Science Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rofanda M Bakeer
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Role of whey protein in vascular function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:659-672. [PMID: 34511143 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein (WP) has been heavily appreciated as a rich source of bioactive peptides, with potential benefits for cardiovascular health. This study constitutes a systematic review and meta-analysis summarising the effects of WP consumption on vascular reactivity, arterial stiffness and circulatory biomarkers of vascular function. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of science for relevant articles from inception to July 2020. Original clinical trials published in English-language journals that investigated the effects of WP on vascular function were eligible. A total of 720 records were identified in the initial search; from these, sixteen were included in our systematic review and thirteen in meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of six studies showed a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after WP consumption (weighted mean differences (WMD): 1·09 %, 95 % CI: 0·17, 2·01, P= 0·01). Meta-analysis of available data did not show any significant reduction in arterial stiffness measures including augmentation index (effect sizes: 7, WMD: -0·29 %, 95 % CI: -1·58, 0·98, P= 0·64) and pulse wave velocity (effect sizes: 4, WMD: -0·72 m/s, 95 % CI: -1·47, 0·03, P= 0·06). Moreover, the pooled analysis of six effect sizes showed no significant effects on plasma levels of nitric oxide following WP supplementation (WMD: 0·42 μmol/l, 95 % CI: -0·52, 1·36, P= 0·38). The overall results provided evidence supporting a protective effect of WP on endothelial function measured by FMD, but not for arterial stiffness measures and circulatory biomarker of vascular function. Further research is required to substantiate the benefits of WP on vascular function.
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Zinc citrate incorporation with whey protein nanoparticles alleviate the oxidative stress complication and modulate gene expression in the liver of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:439-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Carrillo W, Monteiro KM, Martínez-Maqueda D, Ramos M, Recio I, Carvalho JED. Antiulcerative Activity of Milk Proteins Hydrolysates. J Med Food 2018; 21:408-415. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wilman Carrillo
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Faculty of Foods Science and Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
- Research Department Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Bolivar State University, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel Martínez-Maqueda
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramos
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidra Recio
- Research Institute of Food Science (CIAL), (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Milk whey—commonly known as cheese whey—is a by-product of cheese or casein in the dairy industry and contains usually high levels of lactose, low levels of nitrogenous compounds, protein, salts, lactic acid and small amounts of vitamins and minerals. Milk whey contains several unique components like immunoglobulins (Igs), lactoferrin (Lf), lactoperoxidase (Lp), glycomacropeptide (GMP) and sphingolipids that possess some important antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Some whey components possess anticancer properties such as sphingomyelin, which have the potential to inhibit colon cancer. Immunoglobulin-G (IgGs), Lp and Lf concentrated from whey participates in host immunity. IgGs binds with bacterial toxins and lowers the bacterial load in the large bowel. There are some whey-derived carbohydrate components that possess prebiotic activity. Lactose support lactic acid bacteria (such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli). Stallic acids, an oligosaccharide in whey, are typically attached to proteins, and possess prebiotic properties. The uniqueness of whey proteins is due to their ability to boost the level of glutathione (GSH) in various tissues and also to optimize various processes of the immune system. The role of GSH is very critical as it protects the cells against free radical damage, infections, toxins, pollution and UV exposure. Overall GSH acts as a centerpiece of the body’s antioxidant defense system. It has been widely observed that individuals suffering from cancer, HIV, chronic fatigue syndrome and many other immune-compromising conditions have very poor levels of glutathione. The sulphur-containing amino-acids (cysteine and methionine) are also found in high levels in whey protein. Thus, the present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of milk whey such as antibiotic, anti-cancer, anti-toxin, immune-enhancer, prebiotic property etc.
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Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:281097. [PMID: 25309049 PMCID: PMC4182892 DOI: 10.1155/2014/281097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. Methods. CWP (100 mg·kg·day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). Results. HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. Adiponectin was significantly higher in HF-CWP group when compared to the HF. The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. Conclusion. CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue.
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Kishta OA, Iskandar M, Dauletbaev N, Kubow S, Lands LC. Pressurized whey protein can limit bacterial burden and protein oxidation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Nutrition 2013; 29:918-24. [PMID: 23395602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with an exuberant inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and lung damage. Whey protein is a rich source of cysteine, and anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing peptides. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of whey are augmented by hyperbaric pressure treatment. In this study, we tested whether dietary supplementation with pressurized whey protein enhances the host ability to clear P. aeruginosa infection compared with native (i.e., unpressurized) whey. METHODS Using a minimally invasive, non-lethal model of murine (female C57Bl/6) model of P. aeruginosa infection (mucoid strain embedded in agar beads), we studied kinetics of infection, inflammation, and oxidative stress at d 1, 3, and 7 postinfection. A parallel set of mice were fed for 4 wk a semipurified diet containing either native or pressurized whey and subsequently infected with P. aeruginosa. In these mice, the parameters mentioned previously were studied at d 1 and 3 postinfection. RESULTS Infection with P. aeruginosa resulted in inflammation and protein oxidation sustained beyond bacterial clearance. Animals that were fed pressurized whey had fewer bacteria at day 3 than mice on native whey. Weight loss or broncho-alveolar lavage cell content were comparable. Airway protein oxidation was attenuated, whereas airway leukocyte bacterial killing ability and oxidative burst in response to opsonized bacteria were increased in the pressurized whey-fed animals. CONCLUSIONS Use of nutritionally derived substances with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, such as pressurized whey, aids in limiting airway bacterial infection, particularly, under conditions of ongoing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Kishta
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hassan AM, Abdel-Aziem SH, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Modulation of DNA damage and alteration of gene expression during aflatoxicosis via dietary supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira) and Whey protein concentrate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:294-300. [PMID: 22325339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina (SPN) and Whey protein (WPC) are being touted as functional foods with a number of health benefits. SPN is blue green algae while WPC is a protein complex derived from milk and both have strong antioxidant activity and provoke a free radical scavenging enzyme system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant potentials of SPN and WPC to regulate the alteration of genes' expression and counteract oxidative stress in rats during aflatoxecosis. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups, which included the control group, the group fed with aflatoxins (AFs)-contaminated diet (2.5 mg/kg diet) for 30 day, the group treated orally with WPC (300 mg/kg b.w.), the group treated orally with SPN (50 mg/kg b.w), the group treated orally with WPC plus SPN and the groups fed with AFs-contaminated diet and treated orally with WPC, SPN and/or WPC. Oxidative stress markers and gene expression were assayed in liver and testis and the damage of DNA was evaluated by DNA fragmentation and micronucleus tests. The results demonstrated that supplementation of SPN and/or WPC reduced the oxidative stress induced by AFs as indicated by decreased lipid peroxidation level, increased glutathione content and up-regulated PHGPx gene expression. Both agents succeed to inhibit DNA damage as indicated by the down-regulation of Fas gene expression, and decreased the percentage of DNA fragmentation and micronucleated erythrocytes. Moreover, WPC was found to be effective than SPN and the combined treatment was more effective than the single treatment. It could be concluded that both SPN and WPC induced a protective action and regulated the alteration of genes expression induced by AFs; however, the combined treatment may be useful than the single treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza M Hassan
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ziegler FLF, Castro GA, Moreno YMF, Oya V, Vilela MMDS, Sgarbieri VC. Partial chemical and functional characterization of milk whey products obtained by different processes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612012005000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein samples (S-1 to S-5) were tested in vivo and in vitro for nutritional properties and selected bioactivities. Weanling male Wistar rats fed modified AIN-93G (12 g protein.100 g-1) diets for 21 days were used the in vivo studies. The nutritional parameters did not differ among the protein diets tested. Erythrocyte glutathione content was considered high and was higher for S-3, but liver glutathione was the same for all dietary groups. For S-3, cytokine secretion (IL-10 and TNF-α) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in RPMI-1640 medium) was higher in the absence of antigen than in the presence of BCG antigen. Interleukin-4 secretion was repressed in all treatments. The IC50, whey protein concentration required to inhibit 50% of the melanoma cell proliferation, was 2.68 mg.mL-1 of culture medium for the S-3 sample and 3.66 mg.mL-1 for the S-2 sample. Based on these results, it was concluded that S-3 (whey protein concentrate enriched with TGF-β and lactoferrin) produced better nutritional and immunological responses than the other products tested.
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Tavares T, Monteiro K, Possenti A, Pintado M, Carvalho J, Malcata F. Antiulcerogenic activity of peptide concentrates obtained from hydrolysis of whey proteins by proteases from Cynara cardunculus. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Haraguchi FK, Pedrosa ML, de Paula H, dos Santos RC, Silva ME. Evaluation of Biological and Biochemical Quality of Whey Protein. J Med Food 2010; 13:1505-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Kenji Haraguchi
- Research Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Foods, School of Nutrition, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Pedrosa
- Research Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heberth de Paula
- Research Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Cardoso dos Santos
- Department of Foods, School of Nutrition, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eustáquio Silva
- Research Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Foods, School of Nutrition, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Castro G, Carvalho J, Tinti S, Possenti A, Sgarbieri V. Anti-Ulcerogenic Effect of a Whey Protein Isolate and Collagen Hydrolysates Against Ethanol Ulcerative Lesions on Oral Administration to Rats. J Med Food 2010; 13:83-90. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G.A. Castro
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J.E. Carvalho
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S.V. Tinti
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Possenti
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V.C. Sgarbieri
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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In vitro impact of a whey protein isolate (WPI) and collagen hydrolysates (CHs) on B16F10 melanoma cells proliferation. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rusu D, Drouin R, Pouliot Y, Gauthier S, Poubelle PE. A bovine whey protein extract can enhance innate immunity by priming normal human blood neutrophils. J Nutr 2009; 139:386-93. [PMID: 19106313 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.098459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk-derived products, in particular whey proteins, exhibit beneficial properties for human health, including the acquired immune response. However, their effects on innate immunity have received little attention. Neutrophils are key cells of innate defenses through their primary functions of chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation. A whey protein extract (WPE) purified from bovine lactoserum was evaluated for its direct and indirect effects on these primary functions of normal human blood neutrophils in vitro. Although WPE had no direct effects on primary functions, a 24-h pretreatment of neutrophils with WPE was associated with a significant and dose-dependent increase of their chemotaxis, superoxide production, and degranulation in response to N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine, as well as of their phagocytosis of bioparticles. The pretreatment increased the surface expression of CD11b, CD16B, and CD32A receptors. The major WPE protein components beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) were the main active fractions having an additive effect on human neutrophils that became more responsive to a subsequent stimulation. This effect on NADPH oxidase activity was associated with translocation of p47(phox) to plasma membrane. Glycomacropeptide, a peptide present in measurable amounts in WPE products, was able to enhance the individual effect of beta-LG or alpha-LA on neutrophils. The present data suggest that WPE, through beta-LG and alpha-LA, has the capacity to enhance or "prime" human neutrophil responses to a subsequent stimulation, an effect that could be associated with increased innate defenses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rusu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de I'Universite Laval, Québec, Canada
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Krissansen GW. Emerging health properties of whey proteins and their clinical implications. J Am Coll Nutr 2008; 26:713S-23S. [PMID: 18187438 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nursery rhyme "Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet (small stool) eating her curds and whey. ..." is recognition of the fact that over the centuries "curds and whey", the two major components of cow's milk, have been widely accepted as part of a healthy diet. Milk provides complete nourishment for the neonate for six months from birth, containing factors that help develop various organ systems including the brain, immune system, and the intestine. Importantly it provides immune protection at a time when the neonates own immune system, though fully developed, is albeit immature. Many adult consumers include cow's milk as part of a healthy diet as it provides protein and essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, in particular calcium for strong bones. There is a growing appreciation that milk, and in particular whey, contains components that not only provide nutrition, but can also prevent and attenuate disease, or augment conventional therapies, when delivered in amounts that exceed normal dietary intakes. This paper reviews the emerging health properties of whey proteins and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Krissansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Whey, a liquid by-product, is widely accepted to contain many valuable constituents. These include especially proteins that possess important nutritional and biological properties – particularly with regard to promotion of health, as well as prevention of diseases and health conditions. Antimicrobial and antiviral actions, immune system stimulation, anticarcinogenic activity and other metabolic features have indeed been associated with such whey proteins, as α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and bovine serum albumin. The most important advances reported to date pertaining to biological properties of whey proteins are reviewed in this communication.
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Mezzaroba L, Carvalho J, Ponezi A, Antônio M, Monteiro K, Possenti A, Sgarbieri V. Antiulcerative properties of bovine α-lactalbumin. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tseng YM, Lin SK, Hsiao JK, Chen IJ, Lee JH, Wu SH, Tsai LY. Whey protein concentrate promotes the production of glutathione (GSH) by GSH reductase in the PC12 cell line after acute ethanol exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:574-8. [PMID: 16360258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption may increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in the damage of tissues, especially the neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on the glutathione (GSH) status after acute ethanol exposure in the pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line. In this study, we assayed the cell viability, the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase released (% LDH released), the level of GSH, and the activity of GSH reductase (GRx). The results showed that with the supplement of WPC, the cell viability displayed no significant difference after acute exposure of ethanol in groups with or without ethanol treatment. The ethanol-induced cytotoxicity showed a slight decrease ,and the level of GSH showed a significant increase. The activity of GRx significantly increased when 0.1, 10mg/ml of WPC was supplied. In conclusion, these results suggest that WPC in a moderate concentration should be a precursor agent to promote the production of GSH and will enhance the antioxidant capacity in the PC12 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ming Tseng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81346, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80702, Taiwan
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Elia D, Stadler K, Horváth V, Jakus J. Effect of soy- and whey protein-isolate supplemented diet on the redox parameters of trained mice. Eur J Nutr 2006; 45:259-66. [PMID: 16575496 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-006-0593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of clinical trials have successfully been performed using whey and/or soy proteins in the treatment of many diseases. They both have antioxidant properties, which appears to be a factor in aerobic physical performance as well. In addition, these are the most often used supplements that sportsmen take to increase their performance. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of whey and soy protein supplementation on redox parameters in the muscle, on body weight, and body composition in swimming-trained and non-trained animals. METHODS The effect of whey and soy protein-isolate supplementation on muscle redox parameters, body weight, and body composition in trained and non-trained mice was investigated after a single exhaustive bout of exercise. Steady state free radical concentration measured using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, reduced and oxidized glutathione ratio, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyl levels of the red leg muscle were measured. RESULTS Free radical concentrations and glutathione composition of the tissue indicated that whey protein supplementation of the regular diet was able to prevent oxidative stress regardless of training. Soy protein supplementation decreased TBARS only in the muscle of untrained animals, while training per se lowered protein damage in all investigated groups. A mixture of soy and whey protein supplementation resulted in leaner animals after training, but had no synergistic effect on either of the measured redox parameters. CONCLUSIONS Athletes consuming these supplements could train with higher exercise intensity. The antioxidant effect of the two proteins is based on different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Elia
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Pacheco MTB, Bighetti É, Antônio M, Carvalho JED, Rosaneli CF, Sgarbieri VC. Efeito de um hidrolisado de proteínas de soro de leite e de seus peptídeos na proteção de lesões ulcerativas da mucosa gástrica de ratos. REV NUTR 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732006000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade do hidrolisado das proteínas de soro de leite bovino e uma fração de peptídeos de baixo peso molecular (peso molecular <1kDa), na proteção do epitélio da mucosa do estômago de ratos Wistar adultos contra o processo ulcerativo, induzidos por três diferentes agentes. MÉTODOS: Nesse estudo foram utilizados os modelos de indução de úlcera pelo antiinflamatório indometacina (30mg/kg de peso), por etanol absoluto (1ml/animal) e por estresse causado por imobilização e frio (4ºC/2h) em ratos Wistar adultos. RESULTADO: O hidrolisado protéico de soro de leite foi obtido por tratamento com pancreatina, ao grau de hidrólise de 20%, e fracionado em membrana de fluxo tangencial com faixa de corte de 1kDa, para obtenção de uma fração contendo peptídeos de baixo peso molecular denominada peptídeos do hidrolisado protéico de soro (<1kDa). A administração aguda do hidrolisado protéico de soro, de acordo com o modelo etanol, resultou em 65,5% de redução dos índices de lesões ulcerativas, sendo obtida 77,4% de inibição em dose dupla. CONCLUSÃO: O efeito citoprotetor dos peptídeos de baixo peso molecular foi mais elevado para o modelo de indução por antiinflamatório, em relação ao hidrolisado integral, tanto em dose única como em dupla (53,1% e 71,6% de redução dos índices de lesões ulcerativas, respectivamente). Não foi constatada atividade protetora em modelos de úlcera induzidos por estresse.
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Rosaneli CF, Bighetti AE, Antônio MA, Carvalho JE, Sgarbieri VC. Protective Effect of Bovine Milk Whey Protein Concentrate on the Ulcerative Lesions Caused by Subcutaneous Administration of Indomethacin. J Med Food 2004; 7:309-14. [PMID: 15383224 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2004.7.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of a whey protein concentrate (WPC) was studied in three models of stomach ulcerative lesions induction: subcutaneous injection of indomethacin, and stress induced by either intraperitoneal injection of reserpine, or immobilization and holding in the cold (4 degrees C, 2 hours). Adult Wistar rats (300-400 g) were used for acute (single-dose), repetitive, or subchronic (10 days) administration of WPC prior to treatment with the ulcerogenic factors. The best protection was achieved in the indomethacin model for repetitive and subchronic experiments, reaching 50.1% and 44%, respectively, inhibition of the ulcerative lesions, which was significant at 1% probability (P <.01). For the immobilization and cold model, maximum inhibition by WPC was 22.1%, and that for the reserpine model was 23.8%. In both models the inhibition was not significant (P >.05) compared with saline (negative control).
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Rosaneli
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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