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Chaudhary A, Das R, Mehta K, Mehta DK. Indian herb Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora species: Phytochemical and therapeutic application. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31229. [PMID: 38813196 PMCID: PMC11133831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical investigations are increasingly focusing on natural materials with medical benefits because, in contrast to medicines, they have extremely few adverse effects. Tinospora species of the Menispermaceae family has many bioactive principles for plant nutraceuticals. A thorough assessment of the existing literature revealed that Indian Tinospora species are an important group of medicinal herbs used for a variety of pharmacological activities. While, Tinospora cordifolia is widely recognized as a significant herb in the Indian System of Medicines (ISM) due to its bioactive components and has been used in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, urinary problems, fever, jaundice, helminthiasis, leprosy, dysentery, skin diseases, and many more. Using the search phrases "phytochemistry," "traditional uses," and "pharmacological evaluation of Indian Tinospora species," appropriate articles were carefully extracted from the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and WOS databases. Around 180 articles, related to the India Tinospora species, were selected from a pool of 200 papers published between 1991 and 2023. T. cordifolia has received a lot of scientific attention because of its diverse therapeutic characteristics in treating various diseases. Our present study in this review encompasses 1.) Phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological potential of T. cordifolia as well as other Indian Tinospora species. 2.) Safety and toxicity study and available marketed formulation of T. cordifolia for the treatment of various diseases. The chemical constitution and pharmacological characteristics of other Tinospora species must also be investigated, indicating a need for further scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Kiran Mehta
- Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
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2
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Goel A. Current understanding and future prospects on Berberine for anticancer therapy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:177-200. [PMID: 36905314 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a potential plant metabolite and has remarkable anticancer properties. Many kinds of research are being focused on the cytotoxic activity of berberine in in vitro and in vivo studies. A variety of molecular targets which lead to the anticancer effect of berberine ranges from p-53 activation, Cyclin B expression for arresting cell cycles; protein kinase B (AKT), MAP kinase and IKB kinase for antiproliferative activity; effect on beclin-1 involved in autophagy; reduced expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 for the inhibition of invasion and metastasis etc. Berberine also interferes with transcription factor-1 (AP-1) activity responsible for the expression of oncogenes and neoplastic transformation of the cell. It also leads to the inhibition of various enzymes which are directly or indirectly involved in carcinogenesis like N acetyl transferase, Cyclo-oxygenase-2, Telomerase and Topoisomerase. In addition to these actions, Berberine plays a role in, the regulation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines in preventing cancer formation. Berberine anticancer properties are demonstrated due to the interaction of berberine with micro-RNA. The summarized information presented in this review article may help and lead the researchers, scientists/industry persons to use berberine as a promising candidate against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, 281 46, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao MX, Cai J, Yang Y, Xu J, Liu WY, Akihisa T, Li W, Kikuchi T, Feng F, Zhang J. Traditional uses, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Alstonia R. Br. (Apocynaceae): A review. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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A Review on Medicinal Plants Having Anticancer Properties of Northeast India and Associated Endophytic Microbes and their Future in Medicinal Science. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beings are affected by different diseases and suffer to different extents. Cancer is one of the major human disease and millions of people suffered from cancer and end their lives every year. Peoples are dependent on herbal medicines since prehistoric time especially from developing countries. It is very common to have different side effects of modern synthetic medicines; hence now-a-days importance of herbal medicines due to no or least side effects increases all parts of the world. But the major problems of using herbal medicines are that plants can produce very limited amount of medicinally important bioactive metabolites and they have very long growth periods. Therefore endophytes are the excellent alternative of plant derived metabolites. Endophytic microbes can synthesize exactly same type of metabolites as the plant produces. North East India is a treasure of plant resources; various types of medicinal plants are present in this region. Different types of indigenous tribes are inhabited in this region who used different plants in traditional system for treating various disease. But with increasing demand it is sometimes not sufficient to manage the demand of medicines, therefore for massive production endophytic study is crucial. In spite of having huge plant resources very limited endophytic studies are observed in this region. In this review, we studied different plants with their endophytes of NE India showing anticancer properties.
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Qurat-Ul-Ain S, Rukhsana A, Tariq SI, Kanwal A. Berberis lyceum root bark extract attenuates anticancer drugs induced neurotoxicityand cardiotoxicity in rats. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:192-210. [PMID: 36910359 PMCID: PMC9993256 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditionally, Berberis lyceum was extensively used for the treatment of several human diseases. Objective This study was undertaken to determine in vivo effects of Berberis lyceum root bark against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Methods A single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/ kg i. p) and cisplatin (4mg/kg i.p) was used to induce cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity, respectively. Berberis lyceum methanolic extract was given orally (200 and 400 mg/ kg) to toxicity-induced rats. The cardiac biomarkers i.e. serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB were analyzed in blood collected from cardiotoxic rats. The tissue oxidative stress markers included protein, glutathione s-transferase specific activity, catalase activity, total glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels were measured in cardiac and brain homogenate of the respective groups. Results Berberis lyceum methanolic extract has the potential to reduce the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity significantly (*p<0.05) by reducing the serum markers and oxidative stress parameters. Histopathological analysis exhibited a marked improvement in the morphology of cardiac and brain tissues. Conclusion It is concluded that methanolic extract of Berberis lyceum root bark has the potential to protect and reverse anticancer drugs induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Qurat-Ul-Ain
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakisatn
| | - Anwar Rukhsana
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakisatn
| | - Sahar Isma Tariq
- University of the Punjab, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ashiq Kanwal
- Superior University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Superior College, Superior University 17-km Raiwind Road Lahore, Pakistan
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Jagetia GC. Anticancer Potential of Natural Isoquinoline Alkaloid Berberine. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2021.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dutt R, Garg V, Khatri N, Madan AK. Phytochemicals in Anticancer Drug Development. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:172-183. [PMID: 30398123 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181106115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of major technological advances in conventional therapies, cancer continues to remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Phytochemicals are gradually emerging as a rich source of effective but safer agents against many life-threatening diseases. METHODS Various phytochemicals with reported anticancer activity have been simply categorized into major phytoconstituents- alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. RESULTS The adverse effects associated with currently available anticancer medications may be overcome by using plant-derived compounds either alone or in combination. Exploration of plant kingdom may provide new leads for the accelerated development of new anticancer agents. CONCLUSION Although numerous potent synthetic drugs have been introduced for cancer chemotherapy, yet their serious toxicity concerns to normal cells apart from drug resistance have emerged as the major obstacles for their clinical utility over a prolonged duration of time. Current status and potential of phytochemicals and their derivatives in cancer therapy have been briefly reviewed in the present manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmacy, G.D. Goenka University, Gurgaon-122103, India
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Naveen Khatri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak- 124001, India
| | - Anil K Madan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak- 124001, India
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Wang B, Dai Z, Yang XW, Liu YP, Khan A, Yang ZF, Huang WY, Wang XH, Zhao XD, Luo XD. Novel nor-monoterpenoid indole alkaloids inhibiting glioma stem cells from fruits of Alstonia scholaris. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 48:170-178. [PMID: 30195875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and frequently recurrent malignant brain tumor, and to date, the clinically effective drugs against GBM remain scarce. Natural products play an important role in drug discovery, and might be the resource of antitumor agents for GSCs. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. is rich in monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) and used extensively for treatment of tumor in the traditional medicine system of Asia. PURPOSE To search for new MIAs with antitumor activity against glioma stem cells from clinical patients and explore their mechanism. METHODS Compounds were obtained from the fruits of A. scholaris by chromatographic separation, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by the use of UV, IR, NMR and MS spectra. The antitumor activity of the compounds against the glioma stem cells (GSC-3#, GSC-12#, GSC-18#) were investigated by phenotypic screening and MTS assays. Cell proliferation assay by BrdU immunofluorescence staining, and apoptosis assay by cleaved-caspase-3 immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR assay. The soft-agar clonal formation assay was performed to determine the antitumor efficacy of the compounds in vitro. RESULTS Two new nor-monoterpenoid indole alkaloids were isolated from the fruits of A. scholaris. They exhibited selective antitumor activity against glioma stem cells (GSC-3#, GSC-12#, GSC-18#) with IC50 values of 15-25 µg/ml. Furthermore, they inhibited GSCs proliferation, induced GSCs apoptosis by increasing the expression of TNF-α and cleavage of caspase-3, and significantly damaged colony forming capacity of GSCs. CONCLUSION New nor-monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the fruits of A. scholaris provide new type promising molecule for the selective killing of human glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiong-Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wan-Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Vyasamudri S, Yang DY. Application of differential reactivity towards synthesis of lamellarin and 8-oxoprotoberberine derivatives: Study of photochemical properties of aryl-substituted benzofuran-8-oxoprotoberberines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and China. The whole plant is used in folk and the Ayurvedic system of medicine alone and in combination with other plants. Due to its commercial importance, T. cordifolia has been of intense research interest for the last four decades with the isolation of diverse compounds such as alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, phenolics, steroids, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides, along with the discovery of a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties like immunomodulation, anticancer, hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic. Although pharmacological activities of extracts and compounds of T. cordifolia have been studied both in vitro and in vivo, only few mechanisms of action have been explored and need further elaboration. In the present review, the pharmacological activities of compounds and different extracts of T. cordifolia are highlighted, along with those of the marketed products, showing the relevance of phytochemicals and the standardization of the marketed products for medicinal use. This compilation of the extensive literature of T. cordifolia here will be a referral point for clinical study and the development of standardized phytomedicines in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prabir K Chaudhuri
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
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Yarla NS, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Reddanna P, Kalle AM, Dhananjaya BL, Dowluru KSVGK, Chintala R, Duddukuri GR. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:48-81. [PMID: 26853158 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, a metabolic process, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Hence, AA pathway metabolic enzymes phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolic products, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been considered novel preventive and therapeutic targets in cancer. Bioactive natural products are a good source for development of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic drugs, which have been widely used in clinical practice due to their safety profiles. AA pathway inhibitory natural products have been developed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against several cancers. Curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, anthocyans, berberine, ellagic acid, eugenol, fisetin, ursolic acid, [6]-gingerol, guggulsteone, lycopene and genistein are well known cancer chemopreventive agents which act by targeting multiple pathways, including COX-2. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and baicalein can be chemopreventive molecules against various cancers by inhibiting LOXs. Several PLA2s inhibitory natural products have been identified with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials against various cancers. In this review, we critically discuss the possible utility of natural products as preventive and therapeutic agents against various oncologic diseases, including prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, gastric, oral, blood, head and neck, colorectal, liver, cervical and breast cancers, by targeting AA pathway. Further, the current status of clinical studies evaluating AA pathway inhibitory natural products in cancer is reviewed. In addition, various emerging issues, including bioavailability, toxicity and explorability of combination therapy, for the development of AA pathway inhibitory natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against human malignancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur 495 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Chintala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India.
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Sujarwo W, Keim AP, Savo V, Guarrera PM, Caneva G. Ethnobotanical study of Loloh: Traditional herbal drinks from Bali (Indonesia). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:34-48. [PMID: 25861955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Loloh are herbal drinks produced and consumed exclusively in Bali (Indonesia) to prevent and treat different ailments. This is the first study to document plants species used as Loloh, reporting the phytochemical components and pharmacological properties of the most cited plants. Documenting the plants used in herbal drinks in Bali by local communities to treat various ailments (providing some information on phytochemistry and pharmacology of the most interesting plants). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data were obtained through semi-structured interviews (individual and group discussions) and questionnaires. Plant specimens were collected, identified and made into herbarium vouchers. RESULTS A total of 51 plants species (belonging to 32 families) have been documented for their use in the various preparation of Loloh. Different plants and plant parts are used to prepare Loloh to treat heartburn, fever, diarrhea, hypertension, aphthous stomatitis (canker sores), and other minor health problems. These plants are mainly prepared as decoctions, are juiced or simply added to the preparation. The most cited plants (>30 informants) are Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Cinnamomum burmanni Nees ex Bl., and Piper betle L. These plants are well studied with multiple demonstrated pharmacological activities (e.g., antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic). CONCLUSION The Balinese communities still preserve a rich ethnobotanical knowledge. Several species are well known for their pharmacological properties, but some [such as Pneumatopteris callosa (Blume) Nakai and Dendrocnide stimulans (L. f.) Chew] are understudied and could be promising candidates for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wawan Sujarwo
- Bali Botanical Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Candikuning Baturiti, Tabanan 82191, Bali, Indonesia; Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ary Prihardhyanto Keim
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Valentina Savo
- Hakai Institute, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Paolo Maria Guarrera
- Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia, MiBACT, Piazza Marconi 8-10, I-00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Caneva
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Wang Y, Yi X, Ghanam K, Zhang S, Zhao T, Zhu X. Berberine decreases cholesterol levels in rats through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Metabolism 2014; 63:1167-77. [PMID: 25002181 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the mechanisms of action of berberine (BBR) on cholesterol homeostasis using in vivo and in vitro models. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the AIN-93G diet (normal control) or modified AIN-93G diet containing 28% fat, 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid with treatment of 0 (atherogenic control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg·d of BBR, respectively by gavaging in water for 8 weeks. Cholesterol absorption rate was measured with the dual stable isotope ratio method, and plasma lipids were determined using the enzymatic methods. Gene and protein expressions of Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Cholesterol micellarization, uptake and permeability were determined in vitro. RESULTS Rats on the atherogenic diet showed significantly hypercholesterolemic characteristics compared to normal control rats. Treatment with BBR in rats on the atherogenic diet reduced plasma total cholesterol and nonHDL cholesterol levels by 29%-33% and 31%-41%, respectively, with no significant differences being observed among the three doses. The fractional dietary cholesterol absorption rate was decreased by 40%-51%. Rats fed the atherogenic diet showed lower plasma triacylglycerol levels, and no changes were observed after the BBR treatment. BBR interfered with cholesterol micellarization, decreased cholesterol uptake by Caco-2 cells and permeability through Caco-2 monolayer. BBR also inhibited the gene and protein expressions of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferease-2 in the small intestine and Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION BBR lowered blood cholesterol levels at least in part through inhibiting the intestinal absorption and further by interfering with intraluminal cholesterol micellarization and decreasing enterocyte cholesterol uptake and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Xin Yi
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Khadija Ghanam
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Shuocheng Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Elfahmi, Woerdenbag HJ, Kayser O. Jamu: Indonesian traditional herbal medicine towards rational phytopharmacological use. J Herb Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pai KSR, Srilatha P, Suryakant K, Setty MM, Nayak PG, Rao CM, Baliga MS. Anticancer activity of Berberis aristata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice: a preliminary study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:270-277. [PMID: 22085276 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.599035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Berberis aristata DC (Berberidaceae) is an important medicinal plant with claims of widespread medicinal value in indigenous medicine. It is used by herbal healers to treat oral cancers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antineoplastic activity of the extracts of Berberis aristata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice with cisplatin as positive control in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSL) of extracts and effect on the tumor cell viability in vitro were carried out. EAC was induced in Swiss albino mice by injecting 10(6) cell/mL of tumor cell suspension i.p. Antineoplastic activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts (100 and 6.5 mg/kg i.p., respectively) was compared with that of cisplatin (3.5 mg/kg i.p.) on the parameters such as percentage increase in weight, median survival time, and hematology. RESULTS Ethanol extract attenuated percentage increase in weight gain (-6.86 ± 1.50) due to tumor cell proliferation and increased the survival time (19.5 days) when compared to control group (19.10 ± 2.31 and 16 days, respectively). However, the effect was less than that of cisplatin. In vitro cytotoxicity assay as well as BSL test showed the cytotoxic effect of the extracts. Cisplatin and the extracts reversed the tumor-induced alterations in total white blood cell count, differential leukocyte counts, total red blood cell count, and hemoglobin contents. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Of the two extracts, the ethanol extract was observed to be more efficient and the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids may be responsible for the observed anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S R Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Sinha R, Saha I, Kumar GS. Protoberberine Alkaloids Berberine, Palmatine, and Coralyne Binding to Poly(dT)⋅(Poly(dA)⋅Poly(dT)) Triplex: Comparative Structural Aspects and Energetics Profiles of the Interaction. Chem Biodivers 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jagetia GC, Baliga MS, Venkatesh P, Ulloor JN, Mantena SK, Genebriera J, Mathuram V. Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of the monoterpene indole alkaloid echitamine in-vitro and in tumour-bearing mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:1213-9. [PMID: 16105243 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The cytotoxic effect of various concentrations of echitamine chloride was studied in HeLa, HepG2, HL60, KB and MCF-7 cell lines in-vitro and in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Exposure of various cells to different concentrations of echitamine chloride resulted in a concentration-dependent cell killing, and KB cells were found to be most sensitive amongst all the cells evaluated. EAC mice treated with 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 mgkg−1 echitamine chloride showed a dose-dependent elevation in the anti-tumour activity, as evident by increased number of survivors in comparison with the non-drug treated controls. The highest dose of echitamine chloride (16 mg kg−1) caused toxicity in the recipient mice, therefore 12 mg kg−1 was considered the best cytotoxic dose for its anti-tumour effect. Administration of 12 mg kg−1 echitamine chloride resulted in an increase in the median survival time (MST) up to 30.5 days, which was 11.5 days higher than the non-drug treated control (19 days). Administration of 16 mg kg−1 echitamine chloride to EAC mice resulted in a time dependent elevation in lipid peroxidation that reached a peak at 6 h post-treatment, whereas glutathione concentration declined in a time dependent manner and a maximum decline was reported at 3 h post-treatment. Our study demonstrated that echitamine chloride possessed anti-tumour activity in-vitro and in-vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/adverse effects
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/therapeutic use
- Alstonia/chemistry
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Glutathione/drug effects
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Longevity/drug effects
- Longevity/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mortality
- Neoplasms, Experimental
- Plant Bark/chemistry
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/chemistry
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/therapeutic use
- Survival Rate/trends
- Time Factors
- Weight Gain
- Weight Loss
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A systematic review of the anticancer properties of berberine, a natural product from Chinese herbs. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:757-69. [PMID: 19704371 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328330d95b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products represent a rich reservoir of potential small chemical molecules exhibiting antiproliferation and anticancer properties. An example is berberine, a protoberberine alkaloid widely distributed in medical plants used in traditional Chinese prescriptions. Recent advances have shown that berberine exerts anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo through different mechanisms. Berberine shows inhibitory effects on the proliferation and reproduction of certain tumorigenic microorganisms and viruses, such as Heliobacter pylori and hepatitis B virus. Transcriptional regulation of some oncogene and carcinogenesis-related gene expression and interaction with both DNA and RNA are also well documented. Besides, berberine is a broad spectrum enzyme inhibitor, which affects N-acetyltransferase, cyclooxygenase-2, and topoisomerase activities and gene/protein expression. These actions, together with the regulation of reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation might underlie its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. More importantly, the suppression of tumor growth and metastasis, the beneficial application in combined medication, and the improvement of multidrug resistance both in vivo and in vitro clearly show its potential as an alternative medicine for tumor chemotherapy.
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Tang J, Feng Y, Tsao S, Wang N, Curtain R, Wang Y. Berberine and Coptidis rhizoma as novel antineoplastic agents: a review of traditional use and biomedical investigations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:5-17. [PMID: 19686830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coptidis rhizoma (huanglian) and its major component, berberine, have drawn extensive attention toward their antineoplastic effects in the recent years. The antineoplastic effects are related to the Chinese Medicine (CM) properties of huanglian in treating diseases by removing damp-heat and purging fire and counteracting toxicity. AIM OF THE REVIEW To trace the long history of the traditional use of huanglian from folk medicines, especially from Chinese medicine, to recent pharmacological studies of huanglian and berberine, with an emphasis on their antineoplastic effects and the promise as novel antineoplastic agents. METHODS A total of seven databases were extensively searched for literature research. The terms and keywords for searching included huanglian, berberine, Coptis, Coptidis rhizoma, anticancer, anti-invasion, antimatastasis and mechanism. The papers including ours with studies on anticancer and mechanism, pharmacology and toxicology of huanglian and/or berberine were focused. RESULTS In view of traditional use, the anticancer effects of huanglian can be ascribed to its CM trait by removing damp-heat, fire and toxicity. From modern biomedical studies, anticancer effects have been demonstrated in both huanglian and berberine. The underlying molecular mechanisms involve cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and anti-inflammation. Berberine is an essential anticancer compound in huanglian. In some studies, the use of huanglian was shown to be more effective and beneficial than the use of berberine alone. The presence of other protoberberine-type alkaloids in huanglian might give synergistic effects for the anticancer effects. Berberine also demonstrates effects of antiangiogenesis, anti-invasion and anti-metastasis in some cancer cell lines, however, more investigations are required to unravel the underlying mechanisms involved. CONCLUSIONS The modern evidences of treating cancer with huanglian and berberine have a strong linkage with traditional concept and rules of using huanglian in CM practice. As anticancer candidates with low toxicity, berberine and its altered structure, as well as huanglian and its formulae, will attract scientists to pursue the potential anticancer effects and the mechanisms by using technologies of genomics, proteomics and other advanced approaches. On the other hand, relatively few in vivo studies have been conducted on anticancer effects of huanglian and berberine. The clinical application of berberine or huanglian as novel cancer therapeutic agents requires in vivo validations and further investigations of their anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
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Wang Y, Jia X, Ghanam K, Beaurepaire C, Zidichouski J, Miller L. Berberine and plant stanols synergistically inhibit cholesterol absorption in hamsters. Atherosclerosis 2009; 209:111-7. [PMID: 19782362 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy and underlying mechanism of berberine (BBR), plant stanols (PS) and their combination on plasma lipids. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15/group) and fed a cornstarch-casein-sucrose-based diet containing 0.15% cholesterol and 5% fat. Three treatment groups were supplemented with 0.17% (equivalent to 100mgkg(-1)d(-1)) BBR, 1% PS, or a combination of both (BBRPS) for 4wk. At the end of the study, plasma lipids were analyzed with enzymatic methods, cholesterol absorption and synthesis using stable isotope tracer methodology, and gene and protein expressions in the liver and small intestine using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. BBR and PS significantly lowered plasma total- and nonHDL-cholesterol levels, and BBRPS markedly improved cholesterol-lowering efficacy compared to BBR or PS alone. Further examinations revealed that BBR and PS both inhibited cholesterol absorption and by contrast, increased cholesterol synthesis, and exerted a synergistic action when they were combined. Plasma total or nonHDL-cholesterol levels were significantly correlated with cholesterol absorption rates. BBR upregulated sterol 27-hydroxlase gene expression and BBRPS increased both cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 27-hydroxlase gene expressions. BBR and PS also synergistically decreased plasma triacylglycerides. These findings suggest that the cholesterol-lowering action of BBR might involve a combination of inhibition of cholesterol absorption and stimulation of bile acid synthesis. The combination of BBR and PS improves cholesterol-lowering efficacy through a synergistic action on cholesterol absorption, in addition to synergistically reducing plasma triacylglycerols in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- Institute for Nutrisciences and Health, National Research Council Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
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Panchabhai TS, Kulkarni UP, Rege NN. Validation of therapeutic claims ofTinospora cordifolia: a review. Phytother Res 2008; 22:425-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jagetia GC, Rao SK. Evaluation of the Antineoplastic Activity of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:460-6. [PMID: 16508146 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of dichloromethane extract of guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. & Thoms. Family: Menispermaceae (TCE)] in the mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was investigated. The EAC mice receiving 25, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mg/kg, TCE showed a dose dependent elevation in tumor-free survival and a highest number of survivors were observed at 50 mg/kg TCE, which was considered as an optimum dose for its neoplastic action. The average survival time (AST) and median survival time (MST) for this dose were approximately 56 and 55 d, respectively when compared with 19 d of non-drug treated controls. Administration of 50 mg/kg TCE resulted in 100% long-term survivors (up to 90 d). An attempt was also made to evaluate the effectiveness of TCE in the various stages of tumor development, where 50 mg/kg TCE was administered intraperitoneally after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 d of tumor inoculation and these days have been arbitrarily designated as stage I, II, III, IV or V, respectively for reasons of clarity. The greatest anticancer activity was recorded for stage I, II and III where number of long term survivors (LTS) was approximately 33, 25 and 17%, respectively. However, treatment of mice at stage IV and V did not increase LTS, despite an increase in AST and MST. The EAC mice receiving 50 mg/kg TCE showed a time dependent depletion in the glutathione (GSH) activity up to 12 h post-treatment and marginal elevation thereafter. This depletion in GSH was accompanied by a drastic elevation in lipid peroxidation (LPx) and a maximum elevation in LPx was observed at 6 h that declined gradually thereafter. TCE exerted cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by reducing the GSH concentration and increase in LPx simultaneously.
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