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Dai WT, Li J, Ban LP. Genome-Wide Selective Signature Analysis Revealed Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Cydia pomonella. INSECTS 2021; 13:2. [PMID: 35055845 PMCID: PMC8781923 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a serious invasive pest of pome fruits. Currently, C. pomonella management mainly relies on the application of insecticides, which have driven the development of resistance in the insect. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of insecticide resistance is of great significance for developing new pest resistance management techniques and formulating effective resistance management strategies. Using existing genome resequencing data, we performed selective sweep analysis by comparing two resistant strains and one susceptible strain of the insect pest and identified seven genes, among which, two (glycine receptor and glutamate receptor) were under strong insecticide selection, suggesting their functional importance in insecticide resistance. We also found that eight genes including CYP6B2, CYP307a1, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, cuticle protein, and acetylcholinesterase, are potentially involved in cross-resistance to azinphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Moreover, among several P450s identified as positively selected genes, CYP6B2, CYP4C1, and CYP4d2 showed the highest expression level in larva compared to other stages tested, and CYP6B2 also showed the highest expression level in midgut, supporting the roles they may play in insecticide metabolism. Our results provide several potential genes that can be studied further to advance understanding of complexity of insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. pomonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Ping Ban
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.-T.D.); (J.L.)
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Toledo-Ibarra GA, Girón-Pérez MI, Covantes-Rosales CE, Ventura-Ramón GH, Pérez-Sánchez G, López-Torres A, Diaz-Resendiz KJG, Becerril-Villanueva E, Pavón L. Alterations in the non-neuronal cholinergic system induced by in-vitro exposure to diazoxon in spleen mononuclear cells of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:134-141. [PMID: 33285167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides as diazinon disrupt the neuroimmune communication, affecting the innate and adaptive immune response of the exposed organisms. Since the target molecule of diazinon is typically the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), the existence of a non-neuronal cholinergic system in leukocytes makes them susceptible to alterations by diazinon. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of AChE, acetylcholine (ACh) concentration, and the expression of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR) and muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChR) in spleen mononuclear cells (SMNC) of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) exposed in vitro to diazoxon, a diazinon metabolite. SMNC were exposed in-vitro to 1 nM, 1 μM, and 10 μM diazoxon for 24 h. The enzyme activity of AChE was then evaluated by spectrophotometry, followed by ACh quantification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, mAChR and nAChR expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The results indicate that AChE levels are significantly inhibited at 1 and 10 μM diazoxon, while the relative expression of (M3, M4, and M5) mAChR and (β2) nAChR is reduced significantly as compared against SMNC not exposed to diazoxon. However, ACh levels show no significant difference with respect to the control group. The data indicate that diazoxon directly alters elements in the cholinergic system of SMNC by AChE inhibition or indirectly through the interaction with AChR, which is likely related to the immunotoxic properties of diazinon and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Toledo-Ibarra
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M I Girón-Pérez
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - C E Covantes-Rosales
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - G H Ventura-Ramón
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - G Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A López-Torres
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - K J G Diaz-Resendiz
- Laborato Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C., Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - E Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Zeng Z, Yan Y, Wang B, Liu N, Xu H. Discovery and identification of O, O-diethyl O-(4-(5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) phosphorothioate (XP-1408) as a novel mode of action of organophosphorus insecticides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3617. [PMID: 28620187 PMCID: PMC5472594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides play an important role in pest control. Many OP insecticides have been removed from the market because of their high toxicity to humans. We designed and synthesized a new OP insecticide with the goal of providing a low cost, and less toxic insecticide. The mode of action of O, O-diethyl O-(4-(5-phenyl-4, 5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) phosphorothioate (XP-1408) was studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Bioassays showed that XP-1408 at a concentration of 50 mg/L delayed larval development. Molecular docking into Drosophila acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and voltage-gated sodium channels suggested that XP-1408 fitted into their active sites and could be inhibitory. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings indicated that XP-1408 exhibited synergistic effects involving the inhibition of cholinergic synaptic transmission and blockage of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels and sodium (Nav) channels. In conclusion, the multiple actions of XP-1408 rendered it as a lead compound for formulating OP insecticides with a novel mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Bingfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Niu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.
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Yang D, Niu Y, He F. Functional changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in muscle and lymphocyte of myasthenic rats following acute dimethoate poisoning. Toxicology 2005; 211:149-55. [PMID: 15863258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying intermediate myasthenia syndrome (IMS) following acute organophosphate poisoning remains largely unknown. Previous studies indicated that the mechanism of myasthenia in rats and IMS patients is most likely due to a postsynaptic neurotransmission blocking at neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a key postsynaptic component at NMJ. Whether functional changes of nAChR are related to the development of myasthenia has not been demonstrated and addressed in vivo so far. In this study, we attempted to investigate temporal and spatial changes of nAChR in the blood lymphocyte, muscle and brain of rats during the course of myasthenia after acute dimethoate poisoning by using radioligand-binding assay. We found that specific nAChR binding activity in the gastrocnemius muscle and blood lymphocytes of myasthenia rats was significantly increased at 48h after dimethoate poisoning. However, no changes of nAChR binding activity were found in the lymphocytes and muscle of non-myasthenia rats which were sacrificed at 1h after intoxication. Interestingly, no changes of nAChR and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) binding activity were found in the cerebrum and cerebellum of all rats after dimethoate intoxication either at 1 or 48h. The change of nAChR specific binding activity in the lymphocytes is parallel with that in the skeletal muscle during the development of myasthenia. This implied that the changes of nAChR receptor binding activity in the skeletal muscle and lymphocytes are highly associated with the development of myasthenia. The functional changes of nAChR at NMJ might play an important role in the paralysis of skeletal muscle following acute organophosphates (OPs) poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongren Yang
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET), L606, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Williams RD, Boros LG, Kolanko CJ, Jackman SM, Eggers TR. Chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to the anticholinesterase pesticide isofenphos with mechanisms of leukemogenesis. Leuk Res 2004; 28:947-58. [PMID: 15234572 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human lymphocytes were exposed to the leukemogenic pesticide isofenphos (IFP) to investigate its effects on chromosomal DNA and cholinergic homeostasis using cholinesterase activity as a marker. Isolated peripheral lymphocytes were administered concentrations of IFP ranging from 0.1 ng/ml to 10 microg/ml. The absence (Group 1) and presence (Group 2) of DNA repair inhibitors 4 mM hydroxyurea (HU), 40 microM cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) and an NADPH regenerating system (NRS) (Group 3) were analyzed at 1, 6 and 24 h by single cell gel electrophoresis using the comet assay. Significant damage to DNA directly from IFP at 1 h by remarkably low concentrations was observed in Group 1, escalating in Group 2 with DNA repair inhibition, while Group 3 disruptions were highest due to the presence of the NRS P-450 microsomal fraction conducive to producing reactive IFP-oxon and N-desalkyl metabolites. The extent of DNA aberrations increased further in parallel within the groups at 6 and 24 h. Male and female chemical sensitivities were similar on average (P < 0.01). Cholinesterase activity measured in a satellite group was inhibited with 0.1 microg/ml IFP by 69, 62, and 48% at 1, 6, and 24 h, respectively, indicating gradual induction of compensatory synthesis. Restoration of cholinergic homeostasis may be exceptionally impaired at higher IFP concentrations from acetyl-CoA depletion [Leuk. Res. 25 (2001) 883]. In summary, these studies reveal that exposure to the organophosphate pesticide isofenphos induces human DNA mutation beyond endogenous repair capacity and disrupts cholinergic nuclear signaling affectively constructing the mutator phenotype of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Williams
- CFE Toxicology, LLC, P.O. Box 275, Lewis Center, OH 43035-0275, USA.
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