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Limongi D, Baldelli S, Checconi P, Marcocci ME, De Chiara G, Fraternale A, Magnani M, Ciriolo MR, Palamara AT. GSH-C4 Acts as Anti-inflammatory Drug in Different Models of Canonical and Cell Autonomous Inflammation Through NFκB Inhibition. Front Immunol 2019; 10:155. [PMID: 30787932 PMCID: PMC6372722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in GSH/GSSG ratio represents a triggering event in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which GSH regulates macrophage and cell autonomous inflammation remains not deeply understood. Here, we investigated the effects of a derivative of GSH, the N-butanoyl glutathione (GSH-C4), a cell permeable compound, on lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, and human macrophages. LPS alone induces a significant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and a significant decrement of GSH content. Such events were significantly abrogated by treatment with GSH-C4. Moreover, GSH-C4 was highly efficient in buffering cell autonomous inflammatory status of aged C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that inflammation was paralleled by a strong induction of the phosphorylated form of NFκB, which translocates into the nucleus; a process that was also efficiently inhibited by the treatment with GSH-C4. Overall, the evidence suggests that GSH decrement is required for efficient activation of an inflammatory condition and, at the same time, GSH-C4 can be envisaged as a good candidate to abrogate such process, expanding the anti-inflammatory role of this molecule in chronic inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Chiara
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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Giam B, Kuruppu S, Chu PY, Smith AI, Marques FZ, Fiedler A, Horlock D, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Kaye DM, Rajapakse NW. N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates the Development of Renal Fibrosis in Transgenic Mice with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17718. [PMID: 29255249 PMCID: PMC5735149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the renal pathology in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 2 remain elusive. We hypothesised that renal glutathione deficiency is central to the development of CRS type 2. Glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC;40 mg/kg/day; 8 weeks) or saline were administered to transgenic mice with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and wild-type (WT) controls. Cardiac structure, function and glutathione levels were assessed at the end of this protocol. Renal fibrosis, glutathione content, expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers, and function were also evaluated. In both genotypes, NAC had minimal effect on cardiac glutathione, structure and function (P ≥ 0.20). In NAC treated DCM mice, loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis and renal oxidised glutathione levels were attenuated by 38%, 99%, 70% and 52% respectively, compared to saline treated DCM mice (P ≤ 0.01). Renal expression of PAI-1 was greater in saline treated DCM mice than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Renal PAI-1 expression was less in NAC treated DCM mice than in vehicle treated DCM mice (P = 0.03). Renal IL-10 expression was greater in the former cohort compared to the latter (P < 0.01). These data indicate that normalisation of renal oxidized glutathione levels attenuates PAI-1 expression and renal inflammation preventing loss of GFR in experimental DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Giam
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Po-Yin Chu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Ian Smith
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - April Fiedler
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Imran M, Nadeem M, Saeed F, Imran A, Khan MR, Khan MA, Ahmed S, Rauf A. Immunomodulatory perspectives of potential biological spices with special reference to cancer and diabetes. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1259293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus, Burewala/Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Heilman JM, Burke TJ, McClain CJ, Watson WH. Transactivation of gene expression by NF-κB is dependent on thioredoxin reductase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1533-42. [PMID: 21782934 PMCID: PMC3755477 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB mediates the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cell survival. Thioredoxin reductase-1 (TR1) and its substrate thioredoxin-1 act together to reduce oxidized cysteine residues within the DNA-binding domain of NF-κB and promote maximal DNA-binding activity in vitro. It is not clear, however, if NF-κB is regulated via this mechanism within living cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of NF-κB modulation by TR1 in cells stimulated with the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF). In both control cells and cells depleted of TR1 activity through chemical inhibition or siRNA knockdown, TNF stimulation resulted in degradation of the cytoplasmic NF-κB inhibitor IκB-α and translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. Similarly, the DNA-binding activity and redox state of NF-κB were unaffected by TR1 depletion. In contrast, NF-κB-mediated gene expression was markedly inhibited in cells lacking TR1 activity, suggesting that the transactivation potential of NF-κB is sensitive to changes in TR1 activity. Consistent with this concept, phosphorylation of the transactivation domain of NF-κB was inhibited in the presence of curcumin. Surprisingly, another TR1 inhibitor, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, had no effect, and siRNA knockdown of TR1 actually increased phosphorylation at this site. These results demonstrate that TR1 activity controls the transactivation potential of NF-κB and that more than one mechanism may mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Heilman
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Tom J. Burke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Walter H. Watson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
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Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin treatment on murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Immunobiology 2009; 214:712-27. [PMID: 19249123 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the dietary spice turmeric. It has been shown to regulate numerous transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes that have been linked to inflammation. In addition to inhibiting the growth of a variety of pathogens, curcumin has been shown to have nematocidal activity. The present study was designed to evaluate the schistosomicidal activity of curcumin in vivo as well as immunomodulation of granulomatous inflammation and liver pathology in acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Mice were infected each with 80 Schistosoma (S.) mansoni cercariae and injected intraperitoneally with curcumin at a total dose of 400mg/kg body weight. Curcumin was effective in reducing worm and tissue-egg burdens, hepatic granuloma volume and liver collagen content by 44.4%, 30.9%, 79%, and 38.6%, respectively. Curcumin treatment restored hepatic enzymes activities to the normal levels and enhanced catalase activity in the liver tissue of infected mice. Moreover, hepato-spleenomegaly and eosinophilia induced by S. mansoni infection were largely improved with curcumin treatment. Infected mice treated with curcumin showed low serum level of both interleukin (IL)-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but IL-10 level was not significantly altered. Specific IgG and IgG1 responses against both soluble worm antigen (SWAP) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) were augmented with curcumin treatment, but IgM and IgG2a responses were not significantly changed. In conclusion, curcumin treatment modulates cellular and humoral immune responses of infected mice and lead to a significant reduction of parasite burden and liver pathology in acute murine schistosomiasis mansoni.
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Jagetia GC, Aggarwal BB. "Spicing up" of the immune system by curcumin. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:19-35. [PMID: 17211725 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. Traditionally known for its an antiinflammatory effects, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses. This suggests that curcumin's reported beneficial effects in arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer might be due in part to its ability to modulate the immune system. Together, these findings warrant further consideration of curcumin as a therapy for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. Traditionally known for its an antiinflammatory effects, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses. This suggests that curcumin's reported beneficial effects in arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer might be due in part to its ability to modulate the immune system. Together, these findings warrant further consideration of curcumin as a therapy for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Huck CW, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Progress in capillary electrophoresis of biomarkers and metabolites between 2002 and 2005. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:111-25. [PMID: 16315181 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker discovery and metabolite research is a fast-growing and extremely important domain not only for the early detection of certain diseases but also for controlling its progress as well as in pharmaceutical investigations. For the analytical separation and identification, CE plays an indisputable role. Capillary systems enhancing different selectivity are applied and connected to different kind of detection systems. As the choice of buffer and its composition is responsible for a successful separation, special emphasis is put on solvent effects in this review. Altogether the most important capillary electrophoretic techniques applied for biomarker and metabolites analysis published between 2002 and 2005 are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Haddad JJ, Harb HL. L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine (glutathione; GSH) and GSH-related enzymes in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines: a signaling transcriptional scenario for redox(y) immunologic sensor(s)? Mol Immunol 2004; 42:987-1014. [PMID: 15829290 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Of the antioxidant/prooxidant mechanisms mediating the regulation of inflammatory mediators, particularly cytokines, oxidative stress-related pathways remain a cornerstone. It is conspicuous that there is a strong association between free radical accumulation (ROS/RNS; oxidative stress) and the evolution of inflammation and inflammatory-related responses. The scenario that upholds a consensus on the aforementioned is still evolving to unravel, from an immunologic perspective, the molecular mechanisms associated with ROS/RNS-dependent inflammation. Cytokines are keynote players when it comes to defining an intimate relationship among reduction-oxidation (redox) signals, oxidative stress and inflammation. How close we are to identifying the molecular basis of this intricate association should be weighed against the involvement of specific signaling molecules and, potentially, transcription factors. L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, or glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant thiol, has shaped, and still is refining, the face of oxidative signaling in terms of regulating the milieu of inflammatory mediators, ostensibly via the modulation (expression/repression) of oxygen- and redox-responsive transcription factors, hence termed redox(y)-sensitive cofactors. When it comes to the arena of oxygen sensing, oxidative stress and inflammation, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) are key players that determine antioxidant/prooxidant responses with oxidative challenge. It is the theme therein to underlie current understanding of the molecular association hanging between oxidative stress and the evolution of inflammation, walked through an elaborate discussion on the role of transcription factors and cofactors. Would that classify glutathione and other redox signaling cofactors as potential anti-inflammatory molecules emphatically remains of particular interest, especially in the light of identifying upstream and downstream molecular pathways for conceiving therapeutic, alleviating strategy for oxidant-mediated, inflammatory-related disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Haddad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Sakoda M, Ueno S, Kihara K, Arikawa K, Dogomori H, Nuruki K, Takao S, Aikou T. A potential role of hyperbaric oxygen exposure through intestinal nuclear factor-kappaB. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:1722-9. [PMID: 15286550 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000132898.27101.6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effectiveness and pharmacologic mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of a systemic shock state. To elucidate the in vivo role of HBOT during sepsis, we evaluated the effects of HBOT on intestinal mucosal injury and bacterial translocation after lipopolysaccharide challenge. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING First Department of Surgery and Division of Emergency Care, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan. SUBJECTS : Male rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide by an intraperitoneal route or with lipopolysaccharide and HBOT. INTERVENTIONS The survival rate, small intestinal tissue damage, and bacterial translocation in the HBOT-treated group were compared with those in the untreated group. Moreover, plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitrite/nitrate concentrations, inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase activities, and nuclear factor-kappaB in ileal mucosa were investigated. HBOT was initiated 3 hrs after lipopolysaccharide challenge and administered as 100% oxygen, at 2.53 x 10 kPa (2.5 atm absolute), for 60 mins. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS When a sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (24 mg/kg) was given, the survival rate was much better in the HBOT-treated group (75%) than in the untreated group (33%). HBOT given 3 hrs after lipopolysaccharide injection (10 mg/kg) also lessened the histologic tissue damage of the terminal ileum and the incidence and magnitude of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes at 24 hrs after the lipopolysaccharide injection. Moreover, HBOT was able to reduce mucosal inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase activities and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations but not serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that HBOT specifically modified the mucosal nuclear factor-kappaB activation within 4-6 hrs after the injection. CONCLUSIONS HBOT performed 3 hrs after lipopolysaccharide challenge alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction and improves survival rates. Herein, we propose one possible mechanism for these beneficial effects: HBOT can modify the nuclear factor-kappaB activation in the intestinal mucosa and attenuate the sequential nitric oxide overproduction and myeloperoxidase activation. Consequently, bacterial translocation could be potentially decreased. We believe that the present study should lead to an improved understanding of HBOT's potential role in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Sakoda
- First Department of Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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