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Teigen M, Ølnes ÅS, Bjune K, Leren TP, Bogsrud MP, Strøm TB. Functional characterization of missense variants affecting the extracellular domains of ABCA1 using a fluorescence-based assay. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100482. [PMID: 38052254 PMCID: PMC10792246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess cholesterol originating from nonhepatic tissues is transported within HDL particles to the liver for metabolism and excretion. Cholesterol efflux is initiated by lipid-free or lipid-poor apolipoprotein A1 interacting with the transmembrane protein ABCA1, a key player in cholesterol homeostasis. Defective ABCA1 results in reduced serum levels of HDL cholesterol, deposition of cholesterol in arteries, and an increased risk of early onset CVD. Over 300 genetic variants in ABCA1 have been reported, many of which are associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels. Only a few of these have been functionally characterized. In this study, we have analyzed 51 previously unclassified missense variants affecting the extracellular domains of ABCA1 using a sensitive, easy, and low-cost fluorescence-based assay. Among these, only 12 variants showed a distinct loss-of-function phenotype, asserting their direct association with severe HDL disorders. These findings emphasize the crucial role of functional characterization of genetic variants in pathogenicity assessment and precision medicine. The functional rescue of ABCA1 loss-of-function variants through proteasomal inhibition or by the use of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid was genotype specific. Genotype-specific responses were also observed for the ability of apolipoprotein A1 to stabilize the different ABCA1 variants. In view of personalized medicine, this could potentially form the basis for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Teigen
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsa Schawlann Ølnes
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Bjune
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Prøven Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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2
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Cholesterol and matrisome pathways dysregulated in astrocytes and microglia. Cell 2022; 185:2213-2233.e25. [PMID: 35750033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The impact of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), on human brain cellular function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of APOE4 on brain cell types derived from population and isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells, post-mortem brain, and APOE targeted replacement mice. Population and isogenic models demonstrate that APOE4 local haplotype, rather than a single risk allele, contributes to risk. Global transcriptomic analyses reveal human-specific, APOE4-driven lipid metabolic dysregulation in astrocytes and microglia. APOE4 enhances de novo cholesterol synthesis despite elevated intracellular cholesterol due to lysosomal cholesterol sequestration in astrocytes. Further, matrisome dysregulation is associated with upregulated chemotaxis, glial activation, and lipid biosynthesis in astrocytes co-cultured with neurons, which recapitulates altered astrocyte matrisome signaling in human brain. Thus, APOE4 initiates glia-specific cell and non-cell autonomous dysregulation that may contribute to increased AD risk.
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3
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, Catalán Santos Ú, Solà R. A Fluorescence-Based In Vitro Method to Assess Cholesterol Efflux. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:257-274. [PMID: 35237969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux (ChE) capacity is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events and has been proposed as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. ChE has been traditionally assessed by in vitro radioactive methods but these are not appropriate when assessing a large number of samples. Therefore, alternative, reproducible nonradioactive methods have been developed. This chapter describes a robust nonradioactive method using a fluorescent tracer to assess ChE in vitro.The measurement of ChE in vitro requires three main components: a cholesterol-loaded donor cell, a cholesterol tracer, and a cholesterol acceptor. This method involves labeling of murine macrophage J774A.1 cells using the fluorescent sterol dipyrromethene boron difluoride (BODIPY)-cholesterol. The cholesterol acceptors from humans or animals include lipid-free apolipoprotein (ApoA)-1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions, serum, plasma or ApoB-depleted serum or plasma. While lipid-free ApoA-1 mediates ChE via only ATP-binding cassette (ABC)A1 transporter, the remaining acceptors mediate ChE via ABCA1 , ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) transporters. The reproducibility of this BODIPY-ChE assay is excellent as the intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were <10% (30 replicates on the same day) and the interassay CVs were <14% (10 experiments performed on different days, with 3 replicates each). The fluorescent method therefore represents a reproducible, safe and useful tool to evaluate ChE as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Anna Pedret
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán Santos
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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4
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Kumar A, Gupta P, Rana M, Chandra T, Dikshit M, Barthwal MK. Role of pyruvate kinase M2 in oxidized LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:351-364. [PMID: 31988148 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) links metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease; however, its role in oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation is unknown and therefore was studied. In recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-differentiated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, early (1-6 h) Ox-LDL treatment induced PKM2 tyrosine 105 phosphorylation and promotes its nuclear localization. PKM2 regulates aerobic glycolysis and inflammation because PKM2 shRNA or Shikonin abrogated Ox-LDL-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α target genes lactate dehydrogenase, glucose transporter member 1, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression, lactate, and secretory IL-1β production. PKM2 inhibition significantly increased Ox-LDL-induced ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression and NBD-cholesterol efflux to apoA1 and HDL. PKM2 shRNA significantly inhibited Ox-LDL-induced CD36, FASN protein expression, DiI-Ox-LDL binding and uptake, and cellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester content. Therefore, PKM2 regulates lipid uptake and efflux. DASA-58, a PKM2 activator, downregulated LXR-α, ABCA1, and ABCG1, and augmented FASN and CD36 protein expression. Peritoneal macrophages showed similar results. Ox-LDL induced PKM2- SREBP-1 interaction and FASN expression in a PKM2-dependent manner. Therefore, this study suggests a role for PKM2 in Ox-LDL-induced aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, and macrophage foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Rana
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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6
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Hafiane A, Gasbarrino K, Daskalopoulou SS. The role of adiponectin in cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis and metabolism. Metabolism 2019; 100:153953. [PMID: 31377319 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux is the initial step in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway by which excess cholesterol in peripheral cells is exported and subsequently packaged into high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Adiponectin is the most abundantly secreted adipokine that possesses anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective properties via interaction with transmembrane receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Evidence suggests that low levels of adiponectin may be a useful marker for atherosclerotic disease. A proposed anti-atherogenic mechanism of adiponectin involves its ability to promote cholesterol efflux. We performed a systematic review of the role of adiponectin in cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis, and of the proteins and receptors believed to be implicated in this process. Nineteen eligible studies (7 clinical, 11 fundamental, 1 clinical + fundamental) were identified through Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Pubmed, that support the notion that adiponectin plays a key role in promoting ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and in modulating HDL biogenesis via activation of the PPAR-γ/LXR-α signalling pathways in macrophages. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are suggested to also be implicated in this process, however the data are conflicting/insufficient to establish any firm conclusions. Once the exact mechanisms are unravelled, adiponectin may be critical in defining future treatment strategies directed towards increasing HDL functionality and ultimately reducing atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Karina Gasbarrino
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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7
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Samadi S, Mehramiz M, Kelesidis T, Mobarhan MG, Sahebkar AH, Esmaily H, Moohebati M, Farjami Z, Ferns GA, Mohammadpour AH, Avan A. High-density lipoprotein lipid peroxidation as a molecular signature of the risk for developing cardiovascular disease: Results from MASHAD cohort. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16168-16177. [PMID: 30784041 PMCID: PMC6699926 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) function rather than level may better predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the contribution of the impaired antioxidant function of HDL that is associated with increased HDL lipid peroxidation (HDLox) to the development of clinical CVD remains unclear. We have investigated the association between serum HDLox with incident CVD outcomes in Mashhad cohort. Three-hundred and thirty individuals who had a median follow-up period of 7 years were recruited as part of the cohort. The primary end point was cardiovascular event, including myocardial infarction, stable angina, unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. In both univariate/multivariate analyses adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, HDLox was an independent risk factor for CVD (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-1.86; p < 0.001). For every increase in HDLox by 0.1 unit, there was an increase in CVD risk by 1.62-fold. In an adjusted analysis, there was a >2.5-fold increase in cardiovascular risk in individuals with HDLox higher than cutoff point of 1.06 compared to those with lower scores, suggesting HDLox > 1.06 is related to the impaired HDL oxidant function and in turn exposed to elevated risk of CVD outcomes (hazard ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.88-3.94). Higher HDLox is a surrogate measure of reduced HDL antioxidant function that positively associated with cardiovascular events in a population-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samadi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hosein Sahebkar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Farjami
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Jin P, Bian Y, Wang K, Cong G, Yan R, Sha Y, Ma X, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Jia S. Homocysteine accelerates atherosclerosis via inhibiting LXRα-mediated ABCA1/ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Life Sci 2018; 214:41-50. [PMID: 30393020 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage-derived foam-cell formation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in macrophages. Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis; however, the regulation of lipid metabolism and role of LXRα induced by Hcy in macrophages is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of Hcy in disordered lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions, especially the effects of Hcy on cholesterol efflux in macrophages and the possible mechanisms. MAIN METHODS In vitro, lipid accumulation and cholesterol efflux were evaluated in THP-1 macrophages with Hcy intervention. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels. In vivo, atherosclerotic lesions and lipid profiles were evaluated by methionine diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in ApoE-/- mice. The LXRα agonist T0901317 was used to verify the role of LXRα in HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. KEY FINDINGS Hcy promoted lipid accumulation and inhibited cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages. HHcy mice showed increased lesion area and lipid accumulation in plaque. Both studies in vitro and in vivo showed decreased expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1). T0901317 treatment increased ABCA1 and ABCG1 levels; reversed macrophage-derived foam-cell formation in THP-1 macrophages and reduced atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of LXRα-mediated ABCA1/ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages is a novel mechanism in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Yitong Bian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Guangzhi Cong
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Yong Sha
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China.
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9
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Samadi S, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Mohammadpour A, Farjami Z, Tabadkani M, Hosseinnia M, Miri M, Heydari-Majd M, Mehramiz M, Rezayi M, Ferns GA, Avan A. High-density lipoprotein functionality and breast cancer: A potential therapeutic target. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5756-5765. [PMID: 30362608 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death globally, and particularly in developed countries. Breast cancer is influenced by cholesterol membrane content, by affecting the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, adherence, and migration. Furthermore, steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and these play a key role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Although most findings have reported an inverse association between serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level and the risk of breast cancer, there have been some reports of the opposite, and the association therefore remains unclear. HDL is principally known for participating in reverse cholesterol transport and has an inverse relationship with the cardiovascular risk. HDL is heterogeneous, with particles varying in composition, size, and structure, which can be altered under different circumstances, such as inflammation, aging, and certain diseases. It has also been proposed that HDL functionality might have a bearing on the breast cancer. Owing to the potential role of cholesterol in cancer, its reduction using statins, and particularly as an adjuvant during chemotherapy may be useful in the anticancer treatment, and may also be related to the decline in cancer mortality. Reconstituted HDLs have the ability to release chemotherapeutic drugs inside the cell. As a consequence, this may be a novel way to improve therapeutic targeting for the breast cancer on the basis of detrimental impacts of oxidized HDL on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samadi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Farjami
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Tabadkani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseinnia
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehri Miri
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Motahareh Heydari-Majd
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Liu X, Garban J, Jones PJ, Vanden Heuvel J, Lamarche B, Jenkins DJ, Connelly PW, Couture P, Pu S, Fleming JA, West SG, Kris-Etherton PM. Diets Low in Saturated Fat with Different Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles Similarly Increase Serum-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages in a Population with or at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: The Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:721-728. [PMID: 30053283 PMCID: PMC6669947 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol efflux plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. Vegetable oils with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles favorably affect multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors; however, their effects on cholesterol efflux remain unclear. Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of diets low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles on serum-mediated cholesterol efflux and its association with the plasma lipophilic index and central obesity. Methods The present study is a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study. Participants [men: n = 50; women: n = 51; mean ± SE age: 49.5 ± 1.2 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 29.4 ± 0.4] at risk for or with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomly assigned to 5 isocaloric diets containing the treatment oils: canola oil, high oleic acid-canola oil, DHA-enriched high oleic acid-canola oil, corn oil and safflower oil blend, and flax oil and safflower oil blend. These treatment oils were incorporated into smoothies that participants consumed 2 times/d. For a 3000-kcal diet, 60 g of treatment oil was required to provide 18% of total energy per day. Each diet period was 4 wk followed by a 2- to 4-wk washout period. We quantified cholesterol efflux capacity with a validated ex vivo high-throughput cholesterol efflux assay. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of the SAS mixed-model procedure. Results The 5 diets increased serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity from THP-1 macrophages similarly by 39%, 34%, 55%, 49% and 51%, respectively, compared with baseline (P < 0.05 for all). Waist circumference and abdominal adiposity were negatively correlated with serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (r = -0.25, P = 0.01, r = -0.33, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Diets low in SFAs with different monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles improved serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity in individuals with or at risk for MetS. This mechanism may account, in part, for the cardiovascular disease benefits of diets low in SFAs and high in unsaturated fatty acids. Importantly, central obesity is inversely associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01351012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Josephine Garban
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Peter J Jones
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jack Vanden Heuvel
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - David J Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Shuaihua Pu
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Sheila G West
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,Address correspondence to PMK-E (e-mail: )
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11
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Talbot CP, Plat J, Ritsch A, Mensink RP. Determinants of cholesterol efflux capacity in humans. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:21-32. [PMID: 29269048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Medium-chain triglycerides promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and improve atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2016; 36:964-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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IRAK regulates macrophage foam cell formation by modulating genes involved in cholesterol uptake and efflux. Bioessays 2016; 38:591-604. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Gupta RM, Meissner TB, Cowan CA, Musunuru K. Genome-Edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Macrophages as a Model of Reverse Cholesterol Transport--Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:15-8. [PMID: 26543098 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create isogenic human pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages with and without ABCA1 expression as a model for reverse cholesterol transport. APPROACH AND RESULTS The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) genome-editing system was used to introduce frameshift mutations into the coding sequence of ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1. Individual human pluripotent stem cell clones with deleterious mutations were identified, expanded, and differentiated into mature macrophages with a cytokine-based, feeder-free differentiation protocol. Wild-type cells demonstrated effective cholesterol efflux to apoAI acceptor, whereas ABCA1(-/-) cells displayed significantly reduced efflux ability and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Human pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages capable of reverse cholesterol transport can be rapidly generated and genetically edited with CRISPR/Cas9. Introduction of homozygous frameshift mutations results in loss of ABCA1 expression in differentiated macrophages and subsequent reduction of cholesterol efflux capability. This facile genome-editing approach and differentiation protocol pave the way for future studies of the molecular determinants of reverse cholesterol transport and other macrophage properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat M Gupta
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (R.M.G., T.B.M., C.A.C., K.M.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (R.M.G., K.M.)
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (R.M.G., T.B.M., C.A.C., K.M.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (R.M.G., K.M.)
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15
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Hymel D, Cai S, Sun Q, Henkhaus RS, Perera C, Peterson BR. Fluorescent mimics of cholesterol that rapidly bind surfaces of living mammalian cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14624-7. [PMID: 26287483 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells acquire cholesterol, a critical membrane constituent, through multiple mechanisms. We synthesized mimics of cholesterol, fluorescent N-alkyl-3β-cholesterylamine-glutamic acids, that are rapidly incorporated into cellular plasma membranes compared with analogous cholesteryl amides, ethers, esters, carbamates, and a sitosterol analogue. This process was inhibited by ezetimibe, indicating a receptor-mediated uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hymel
- The University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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16
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SONG WEI, WANG WEI, WANG YU, DOU LIYANG, CHEN LIANFENG, YAN XIAOWEI. Characterization of fluorescent NBD-cholesterol efflux in THP-1-derived macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5989-96. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Zhang N, Lei J, Lei H, Ruan X, Liu Q, Chen Y, Huang W. MicroRNA-101 overexpression by IL-6 and TNF-α inhibits cholesterol efflux by suppressing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 expression. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:33-42. [PMID: 26033364 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs play key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of microRNA-101 (miR-101) in regulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression and cholesterol efflux under non-inflammatory and inflammatory conditions in human THP-1-derived macrophages and HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells. METHODS The cell lines were transfected with one of four lentiviral vectors: miR-101, miR-101 control, anti-miR-101, or anti-miR-101 control. A luciferase reporter assay was used to examine miR-101 binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of ABCA1. Western blotting was conducted to assess ABCA1 protein expression. Cells were loaded with BODIPY-cholesterol and stained with oil red O to assess cholesterol efflux. RESULTS The luciferase activity assay revealed that wild-type miR-101 binding at site 2 significantly repressed ABCA1 3' UTR activity, suggesting that miR-101 directly targets the ABCA1 mRNA at site 2. In both cell lines, Western blotting revealed that miR-101 expression negatively regulates ABCA1 protein expression and significantly suppresses cholesterol efflux to ApoA1 under both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-LDL conditions, which was confirmed by pronounced lipid inclusions visible by oil red O staining. In HepG2 cells, both IL-6 and TNF-α treatments produced significant miR-101 overexpression; however, in THP-1-derived macrophages, only IL-6 treatment produced significant miR-101 overexpression. Anti-mir-101 transfection under both IL-6 and TNF-α treatment conditions led to ABCA1 upregulation, indicating that miR-101 expression represses ABCA1 expression under inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSIONS miR-101 promotes intracellular cholesterol retention under inflammatory conditions through suppressing ABCA1 expression and suggests that the miR-101-ABCA1 axis may play an intermediary role in the development of NAFLD and vascular atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - JiaYan Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Rudashevskaya EL, Stockner T, Trauner M, Freissmuth M, Chiba P. Pharmacological correction of misfolding of ABC proteins. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 12:e87-94. [PMID: 25027379 PMCID: PMC4039138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control system distinguishes between correctly and incorrectly folded proteins to prevent processing of aberrantly folded conformations along the secretory pathway. Non-synonymous mutations can lead to misfolding of ABC proteins and associated disease phenotypes. Specific phenotypes may at least partially be corrected by small molecules, so-called pharmacological chaperones. Screening for folding correctors is expected to open an avenue for treatment of diseases such as cystic fibrosis and intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Rudashevskaya
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 10, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Chiba
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 10, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Song W, Wang W, Dou LY, Wang Y, Xu Y, Chen LF, Yan XW. The implication of cigarette smoking and cessation on macrophage cholesterol efflux in coronary artery disease patients. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:682-691. [PMID: 25601961 PMCID: PMC4340315 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p055491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated ATP-binding cassette transporters A1/G1 expression and function in mediating cholesterol efflux by examining the macrophages of cigarette-smoking patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) before and after smoking abstinence. Peripheral blood monocyte cells were collected from nonsmokers (n = 17), non-CAD (NCAD) smokers (n = 35), and CAD smokers (n = 32) before and after 3 months of smoking cessation. We found that the ABCA1 expression level was lower in macrophages from NCAD and CAD smokers than from nonsmokers at baseline. The ABCA1 function of mediating cholesterol efflux was reduced in NCAD and CAD smokers as compared with nonsmokers. After 3 months of smoking cessation, ABCA1 expression and function were improved in CAD smokers. However, ABCG1 expression and function did not change after smoking cessation. Furthermore, ABCA1 expression was inhibited by tar in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1-derived macrophages through the inhibition of liver X receptors. Nicotine and carbon monoxide did not inhibit ABCA1 expression. Our results indicate that chronic cigarette smoking impaired ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages and that tobacco abstinence reversed the function and expression of ABCA1, especially in CAD patients. It was tobacco tar, rather than nicotine or carbon monoxide, that played a major role in the tobacco-induced disturbance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yang Dou
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Feng Chen
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yan
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Mao M, Lei H, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhao L, Li Q, Luo S, Zuo Z, He Q, Huang W, Zhang N, Zhou C, Ruan XZ. Effects of miR-33a-5P on ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux under inflammatory stress in THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109722. [PMID: 25329888 PMCID: PMC4201478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is to investigate whether inflammatory cytokines inhibit ABCA1/ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux by regulating miR-33a-5P in THP-1 macrophages. We used interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the presence or absence of native low density lipoprotein (LDL) to stimulate THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 macrophages were infected by either control lentivirus vectors or lentivirus encoding miR-33a-5P or antisense miR-33a-5P. The effects of inflammatory cytokines, miR-33a-5P and antisense miR-33a-5P on intracellular lipids accumulation and intracellular cholesterol contents were assessed by oil red O staining and quantitative intracellular cholesterol assay. ApoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux was examined using the fluorescent sterol (BODIPY-cholesterol). The gene and protein expressions of the molecules involved in cholesterol trafficking were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Inflammatory cytokines or miR-33a-5P increased intracellular lipid accumulation and decreased apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux via decreasing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the absence or presence of LDL in THP-1 macrophages. However, antisense miR-33a-5P reversed the effects of inflammatory cytokines on intracellular lipid accumulation, cholesterol efflux, and the expression of miR-33a-5P, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the absence or presence of LDL in THP-1 macrophages. This study indicated that inflammatory cytokines inhibited ABCA1/ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux by up-regulating miR-33a-5P in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Z. Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Wu C, Luan H, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang X, Sun X, Guo P. Chlorogenic acid protects against atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and promotes cholesterol efflux from RAW264.7 macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95452. [PMID: 25187964 PMCID: PMC4154672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet and is suggested to be a potential antiatherosclerotic agent due to its proposed hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CGA on atherosclerosis development in ApoE(-/-) mice and its potential mechanism. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet without (control) or with CGA (200 and 400 mg/kg) or atorvastatin (4 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. During the study plasma lipid and inflammatory parameters were determined. Treatment with CGA (400 mg/kg) reduced atherosclerotic lesion area and vascular dilatation in the aortic root, comparable to atorvastatin. CGA (400 mg/kg) also significantly decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol as well as inflammatory markers. Supplementation with CGA or CGA metabolites-containing serum suppressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced lipid accumulation and stimulated cholesterol efflux from RAW264.7 cells. CGA significantly increased the mRNA levels of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG1 as well as the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. Cholesterol efflux assay showed that three major metabolites, caffeic, ferulic and gallic acids, significantly stimulated cholesterol efflux from RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that CGA potently reduces atherosclerosis development in ApoE(-/-) mice and promotes cholesterol efflux from RAW264.7 macrophages. Caffeic, ferulic and gallic acids may be the potential active compounds accounting for the in vivo effect of CGA.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/blood
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/blood
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Animals
- Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atorvastatin/pharmacology
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Caffeic Acids/isolation & purification
- Cell Line
- Chlorogenic Acid/chemistry
- Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology
- Cholesterol/adverse effects
- Cholesterol/blood
- Cholesterol, LDL/blood
- Coumaric Acids/isolation & purification
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Gallic Acid/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression
- Lipoproteins/blood
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Lipoproteins, LDL/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
- Liver X Receptors
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Orphan Nuclear Receptors/blood
- Orphan Nuclear Receptors/genetics
- PPAR gamma/blood
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/blood
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Triglycerides/blood
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Luan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Liu F, Wang W, Xu Y, Wang Y, Chen LF, Fang Q, Yan XW. ABCG1 rs57137919G>a polymorphism is functionally associated with varying gene expression and apoptosis of macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97044. [PMID: 24972087 PMCID: PMC4074052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) is a transmembrane cholesterol transporter involved in macrophage sterol homeostasis, reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and atherosclerosis. The role of ABCG1 in atherosclerosis remains controversial, especially in animal models. Our previous study showed that single nucleotide polymorphism rs57137919 (-367G>A) in the ABCG1 promoter region was associated with reduced risk for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was designed to provide functional evidence for the role of rs57137919G>A in atherosclerosis in humans. We combined in vitro and ex vivo studies using cell lines and human monocyte-derived macrophages to investigate the functional consequences of the promoter polymorphism by observing the effects of the rs57137919A allele on promoter activity, transcription factor binding, gene expression, cholesterol efflux, and apoptosis levels. The results showed that the rs57137919A allele was significantly associated with decreased ABCG1 gene expression possibly due to the impaired ability of protein-DNA binding. ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux decreased by 23% with rs57137919 A/A versus the G/G genotype. Cholesterol-loaded macrophage apoptosis was induced 2-fold with the A/A genotype compared with the G/G genotype. Proapoptotic genes Bok and Bid mRNA levels were significantly increased in macrophages from the A/A genotype compared with those from the G/G genotype. These findings demonstrated that the ABCG1 promoter rs57137919G>A variant had an allele-specific effect on ABCG1 expression and was associated with an increased apoptosis in cholesterol-loaded macrophages, providing functional evidence to explain the reduced risk for atherosclerosis in subjects with the ABCG1 promoter rs57137919A allele as reported in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Dolganova OM, Rudina MI, Chrapova MV, Dushkin MI. The effect of cholesterol on macrophage-foam-cell generation upon zymosan-induced inflammation in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x14030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Do HJ, Lee SM, Kim YS, Shin MJ. Effect of 1-deoxynojirimycin on cholesterol efflux through ABCA1-LXRα pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Sengupta B, Narasimhulu CA, Parthasarathy S. Novel technique for generating macrophage foam cells for in vitro reverse cholesterol transport studies. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3358-72. [PMID: 24115226 PMCID: PMC3826683 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of foam cells, an essential step for reverse cholesterol transport studies, uses the technique of receptor-dependent macrophage loading with radiolabeled acetylated LDL. In this study, we used the ability of a biologically relevant detergent molecule, lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PtdCho), to form mixed micelles with cholesterol or cholesteryl ester (CE) to generate macrophage foam cells. Fluorescent or radiolabeled cholesterol/lyso-PtdCho mixed micelles were prepared and incubated with RAW 264.7 or mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that such micelles were quite stable at 4°C and retained the solubilized cholesterol during one month of storage. Macrophages incubated with cholesterol or CE (unlabeled, fluorescently labeled, or radiolabeled)/lyso-PtdCho mixed micelles accumulated CE as documented by microscopy, lipid staining, labeled oleate incorporation, and by TLC. Such foam cells unloaded cholesterol when incubated with HDL but not with oxidized HDL. We propose that stable cholesterol or CE/lyso-PtdCho micelles would offer advantages over existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Sengupta
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
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26
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Choi S, Aljakna A, Srivastava U, Peterson BR, Deng B, Prat A, Korstanje R. Decreased APOE-containing HDL subfractions and cholesterol efflux capacity of serum in mice lacking Pcsk9. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:112. [PMID: 23883163 PMCID: PMC3751695 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in animals showed that PCSK9 is involved in HDL metabolism. We investigated the molecular mechanism by which PCSK9 regulates HDL cholesterol concentration and also whether Pcsk9 inactivation might affect cholesterol efflux capacity of serum and atherosclerotic fatty streak volume. METHODS Mass spectrometry and western blot were used to analyze the level of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and A1 (APOA1). A mouse model overexpressing human LDLR was used to test the effect of high levels of liver LDLR on the concentration of HDL cholesterol and APOE-containing HDL subfractions. Pcsk9 knockout males lacking LDLR and APOE were used to test whether LDLR and APOE are necessary for PCSK9-mediated HDL cholesterol regulation. We also investigated the effects of Pcsk9 inactivation on cholesterol efflux capacity of serum using THP-1 and J774.A1 macrophage foam cells and atherosclerotic fatty streak volume in the aortic sinus of Pcsk9 knockout males fed an atherogenic diet. RESULTS APOE and APOA1 were reduced in the same HDL subfractions of Pcsk9 knockout and human LDLR transgenic male mice. In Pcsk9/Ldlr double-knockout mice, HDL cholesterol concentration was lower than in Ldlr knockout mice and higher than in wild-type controls. In Pcsk9/Apoe double-knockout mice, HDL cholesterol concentration was similar to that of Apoe knockout males. In Pcsk9 knockout males, THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity of serum was reduced and the fatty streak lesion volume was similar to wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS In mice, LDLR and APOE are important factors for PCSK9-mediated HDL regulation. Our data suggest that, although LDLR plays a major role in PCSK9-mediated regulation of HDL cholesterol concentration, it is not the only mechanism and that, regardless of mechanism, APOE is essential. Pcsk9 inactivation decreases the HDL cholesterol concentration and cholesterol efflux capacity in serum, but does not increase atherosclerotic fatty streak volume.
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Lee SM, Moon J, Cho Y, Chung JH, Shin MJ. Quercetin up-regulates expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, liver X receptor α, and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 genes and increases cholesterol efflux in human macrophage cell line. Nutr Res 2012; 33:136-43. [PMID: 23399664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-laden macrophages trigger accumulation of foam cells and increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that quercetin could lower the content of cholesterol in macrophages by regulating the expression of the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene in differentiated human acute monocyte leukemia cell line (THP-1) cells and thereby reducing the chance of forming foam cells. Quercetin, in concentrations up to 30 μM, was not cytotoxic to differentiated THP-1 cells. Quercetin up-regulated both ABCA1 messenger RNA and protein expression in differentiated THP-1 cells, and its maximum effects were demonstrated at 0.3 μM for 4 to 8 hours in incubation. In addition, quercetin increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) within 2 hours of treatment. Because PPARγ and LXRα are important transcriptional factors for ABCA1, quercetin-induced up-regulation of ABCA1 may be mediated by increased expression levels of the PPARγ and LXRα genes. Furthermore, quercetin-enhanced cholesterol efflux from differentiated THP-1 cells to both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A1. Quercetin at the dose of 0.15 μM elevated the cholesterol efflux only for HDL. At the dose of 0.3 μM, quercetin demonstrated effects both on HDL and apolipoprotein A1. Our data demonstrated that quercetin increased the expressions of PPARγ, LXRα, and ABCA1 genes and cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages. Quercetin-induced expression of PPARγ and LXRα might subsequently affect up-regulation of their target gene ABCA1. Taken together, ingestion of quercetin or quercetin-rich foods could be an effective way to improve cholesterol efflux from macrophages, which would contribute to lowering the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Hymel D, Peterson BR. Synthetic cell surface receptors for delivery of therapeutics and probes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:797-810. [PMID: 22401875 PMCID: PMC3359398 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a highly efficient mechanism for cellular uptake of membrane-impermeant ligands. Cells use this process to acquire nutrients, initiate signal transduction, promote development, regulate neurotransmission, and maintain homeostasis. Natural receptors that participate in receptor-mediated endocytosis are structurally diverse, ranging from large transmembrane proteins to small glycolipids embedded in the outer leaflet of cellular plasma membranes. Despite their vast structural differences, these receptors share common features of binding to extracellular ligands, clustering in dynamic membrane regions that pinch off to yield intracellular vesicles, and accumulation of receptor-ligand complexes in membrane-sealed endosomes. Receptors typically dissociate from ligands in endosomes and cycle back to the cell surface, whereas internalized ligands are usually delivered into lysosomes, where they are degraded, but some can escape and penetrate into the cytosol. Here, we review efforts to develop synthetic cell surface receptors, defined as nonnatural compounds, exemplified by mimics of cholesterol, that insert into plasma membranes, bind extracellular ligands including therapeutics, probes, and endogenous proteins, and engage endocytic membrane trafficking pathways. By mimicking natural mechanisms of receptor-mediated endocytosis, synthetic cell surface receptors have the potential to function as prosthetic molecules capable of seamlessly augmenting the endocytic uptake machinery of living mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hymel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
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29
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Lönnfors M, Engberg O, Peterson BR, Slotte JP. Interaction of 3β-amino-5-cholestene with phospholipids in binary and ternary bilayer membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:648-55. [PMID: 22128897 PMCID: PMC3265605 DOI: 10.1021/la203589u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
3β-Amino-5-cholestene (aminocholesterol) is a synthetic sterol whose properties in bilayer membranes have been examined. In fluid palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM) bilayers, aminocholesterol and cholesterol were equally effective in increasing acyl chain order, based on changes in diphenylhexatriene (DPH) anisotropy. In fluid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers, aminocholesterol ordered acyl chains, but slightly less efficiently than cholesterol. Aminocholesterol eliminated the PSM and DPPC gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition enthalpy linearly with concentration, and the enthalpy approached zero at 30 mol % sterol. Whereas cholesterol was able to increase the thermostability of ordered PSM domains in a fluid bilayer, aminocholesterol under equal conditions failed to do this, suggesting that its interaction with PSM was not as favorable as cholesterols. In ternary mixed bilayers, containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), PSM or DPPC, and cholesterol at proportions to contain a liquid-ordered phase (60:40 by mol of POPC and PSM or DPPC, and 30 mol % cholesterol), the average lifetime of trans-parinaric acid (tPA) was close to 20 ns. When cholesterol was replaced with aminocholesterol in such mixed bilayers, the average lifetime of tPA was only marginally shorter (about 18 ns). This observation, together with acyl chain ordering data, clearly shows that aminocholesterol was able to form a liquid-ordered phase with saturated PSM or DPPC. We conclude that aminocholesterol should be a good sterol replacement in model membrane systems for which a partial positive charge is deemed beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lönnfors
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Engberg
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Dr., Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - J. Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Sankaranarayanan S, Kellner-Weibel G, de la Llera-Moya M, Phillips MC, Asztalos BF, Bittman R, Rothblat GH. A sensitive assay for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux using BODIPY-cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2332-2340. [PMID: 21957199 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d018051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown a negative association between cellular cholesterol efflux and coronary artery disease (CAD). Standard protocol for quantitating cholesterol efflux involves labeling cells with [(3)H]cholesterol and measuring release of the labeled sterol. Using [(3)H]cholesterol is not ideal for the development of a high-throughput assay to screen large numbers of serum as would be required in studying the link between efflux and CAD. We compared efflux using a fluorescent sterol (boron dipyrromethene difluoride linked to sterol carbon-24, BODIPY-cholesterol) with that of [(3)H]cholesterol in J774 macrophages. Fractional efflux of BODIPY-cholesterol was significantly higher than that of [(3)H]cholesterol when apo A-I, HDL(3), or 2% apoB-depleted human serum were used as acceptors. BODIPY-cholesterol efflux correlated significantly with [(3)H]cholesterol efflux (p < 0.0001) when apoB-depleted sera were used. The BODIPY-cholesterol efflux correlated significantly with preβ-1 (r(2) = 0.6) but not with total HDL-cholesterol. Reproducibility of the BODIPY-cholesterol efflux assay was excellent between weeks (r(2) = 0.98, inter-assay CV = 3.31%). These studies demonstrate that BODIPY-cholesterol provides an efficient measurement of efflux compared with [(3)H]cholesterol and is a sensitive probe for ABCA1-mediated efflux. The increased sensitivity of BODIPY-cholesterol assay coupled with the simplicity of measuring fluorescence results in a sensitive, high-throughput assay that can screen large numbers of sera, and thus establish the relationship between cholesterol efflux and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ginny Kellner-Weibel
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Margarita de la Llera-Moya
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bela F Asztalos
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory (B.F.A.), Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.B)
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.B), Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597
| | - George H Rothblat
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
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31
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Zhang J, Grieger JA, Kris-Etherton PM, Thompson JT, Gillies PJ, Fleming JA, Vanden Heuvel JP. Walnut oil increases cholesterol efflux through inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:61. [PMID: 21871057 PMCID: PMC3180353 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Walnuts significantly decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normo- and hypercholesterolemic individuals. No study to date has evaluated the effects of walnuts on cholesterol efflux, the initial step in reverse cholesterol transport, in macrophage-derived foam cells (MDFC). The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms by which walnut oil affects cholesterol efflux. Methods The extract of English walnuts (walnut oil) was dissolved in DMSO and applied to cultured THP-1 MDFC cells (0.5 mg/mL). THP-1 MDFC also were treated with human sera (10%, v:v) taken from subjects in a walnut feeding study. Cholesterol efflux was examined by liquid scintillation counting. Changes in gene expression were quantified by real time PCR. Results Walnut oil treatment significantly increased cholesterol efflux through decreasing the expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in MDFC. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR). Postprandial serum treatment also increased cholesterol efflux in MDFC. When categorized by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP; cut point of 2 mg/L), subjects in the lower CRP sub-group benefited more from dietary intervention, including a more increase in cholesterol efflux, a greater reduction in SCD1, and a blunted postprandial lipemia. Conclusion In conclusion, walnut oil contains bioactive molecules that significantly improve cholesterol efflux in MDFC. However, the beneficial effects of walnut intake may be reduced by the presence of a pro-inflammatory state. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00938340
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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32
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Quinn KL, Henriques M, Tabuchi A, Han B, Yang H, Cheng WE, Tole S, Yu H, Luo A, Charbonney E, Tullis E, Lazarus A, Robinson LA, Ni H, Peterson BR, Kuebler WM, Slutsky AS, Zhang H. Human neutrophil peptides mediate endothelial-monocyte interaction, foam cell formation, and platelet activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2070-9. [PMID: 21817096 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.227116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophils are involved in the inflammatory responses during atherosclerosis. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) released from activated neutrophils exert immune modulating properties. We hypothesized that HNPs play an important role in neutrophil-mediated inflammatory cardiovascular responses in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the role of HNPs in endothelial-leukocyte interaction, platelet activation, and foam cell formation in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that stimulation of human coronary artery endothelial cells with clinically relevant concentrations of HNPs resulted in monocyte adhesion and transmigration; induction of oxidative stress in human macrophages, which accelerates foam cell formation; and activation and aggregation of human platelets. The administration of superoxide dismutase or anti-CD36 antibody reduced foam cell formation and cholesterol efflux. Mice deficient in double genes of low-density lipoprotein receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), and mice deficient in a single gene of LRP8, the only LRP phenotype expressed in platelets, showed reduced leukocyte rolling and decreased platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in response to HNP stimulation. CONCLUSIONS HNPs exert proatherosclerotic properties that appear to be mediated through LRP8 signaling pathways, suggesting an important role for HNPs in the development of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran L Quinn
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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