1
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Zhou W, Hong J, Han J, Cai F, Tang Q, Yu Q, Li G, Ma S, Liu X, Huo S, Chen K, Zhu F. Silkworm glycosaminoglycans bind to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus and facilitate its entry. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127352. [PMID: 37838120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Interacting with cell surface attachment factors or receptors is the first step for virus infection. Glycans cover a thick layer on eukaryotic cells and are potential targets of various viruses. Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (BmNPV) is a baculovirus that causes huge economic loss to the sericulture industry but the mechanism of infection is unclear. Looking for potential host receptors for the virus is an important task. In this study, we investigated the role of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) modifications, including heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), during BmNPV infection. Enzymatic removal of cell surface HS and CS effectively inhibited BmNPV infection and replication. Exogenous HS and CS can directly bind to BmNPV virion in solution and act as neutralizers for viral infection. Furthermore, the expression of enzymes involved in GAG biosynthesis was upregulated in the BmNPV susceptible silkworm after virus administration, but down-regulated in the resistant strain after virus treatment, suggesting that BmNPV was able to utilize host cell machinery to promote the biosynthesis of GAGs. This study demonstrated HS and CS as important attachment factors that facilitate the viral entry process, and targeting HS and CS can be an effective means of inhibiting BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jindie Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jinying Han
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fuchuan Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qi Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guohui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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2
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Tanaka A, Suzuki Y. Genome-Wide Approaches to Unravel the Host Factors Involved in Chikungunya Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:866271. [PMID: 35401487 PMCID: PMC8988064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.866271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the causative agent of Chikungunya fever (CHIKVF) that is often characterized by fever, headache, rash, and arthralgia, is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquito bites. Although the mortality rate associated with CHIKV infection is not very high, CHIKVF has been confirmed in more than 40 countries, not only in tropical but also in temperate areas. Therefore, CHIKV is a growing major threat to the public health of the world. However, a specific drug is not available for CHIKV infection. As demonstrated by many studies, the processes completing the replication of CHIKV are assisted by many host factors, whereas it has become clear that the host cell possesses some factors limiting the virus replication. This evidence will provide us with an important clue for the development of pharmacological treatment against CHIKVF. In this review, we briefly summarize cellular molecules participating in the CHIKV infection, particularly focusing on introducing recent genome-wide screen studies that enabled illuminating the virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Atsushi Tanaka,
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- Youichi Suzuki,
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3
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Couto MR, Rodrigues JL, Rodrigues LR. Heterologous production of chondroitin. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 33:e00710. [PMID: 35242620 PMCID: PMC8858990 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan with a growing variety of applications. CS can be produced from microbial fermentation of native or engineered strains. Synthetic biology tools are being used to improve CS yields in different hosts. Integrated polymerization and sulfation can generate cost-effective CS.
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan with a broad range of applications being a popular dietary supplement for osteoarthritis. Usually, CS is extracted from animal sources. However, the known risks of animal products use have been driving the search for alternative methods and sources to obtain this compound. Several pathogenic bacteria naturally produce chondroitin-like polysaccharides through well-known pathways and, therefore, have been the basis for numerous studies that aim to produce chondroitin using non-pathogenic hosts. However, the yields obtained are not enough to meet the high demand for this glycosaminoglycan. Metabolic engineering strategies have been used to construct improved heterologous hosts. The identification of metabolic bottlenecks and regulation points, and the screening for efficient enzymes are key points for constructing microbial cell factories with improved chondroitin yields to achieve industrial CS production. The recent advances on enzymatic and microbial strategies to produce non-animal chondroitin are herein reviewed. Challenges and prospects for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia R. Couto
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana L. Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lígia R. Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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4
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Claus-Desbonnet H, Nikly E, Nalbantova V, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D, Ivanova S, Pierre G, Benbassat N, Katsarov P, Michaud P, Lukova P, Delattre C. Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules. Viruses 2022; 14:426. [PMID: 35216019 PMCID: PMC8879384 DOI: 10.3390/v14020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that our scientific resources and the medical community are not sufficiently developed to combat rapid viral spread all over the world. A number of viruses causing epidemics have already disseminated across the world in the last few years, such as the dengue or chinkungunya virus, the Ebola virus, and other coronavirus families such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). The outbreaks of these infectious diseases have demonstrated the difficulty of treating an epidemic before the creation of vaccine. Different antiviral drugs already exist. However, several of them cause side effects or have lost their efficiency because of virus mutations. It is essential to develop new antiviral strategies, but ones that rely on more natural compounds to decrease the secondary effects. Polysaccharides, which have come to be known in recent years for their medicinal properties, including antiviral activities, are an excellent alternative. They are essential for the metabolism of plants, microorganisms, and animals, and are directly extractible. Polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention due to their therapeutic properties, low toxicity, and availability, and seem to be attractive candidates as antiviral drugs of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Elsa Nikly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Vanya Nalbantova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Niko Benbassat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Katsarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Möller S, Theiß J, Deinert TIL, Golat K, Heinze J, Niemeyer D, Wyrwa R, Schnabelrauch M, Bogner E. High-Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans Prevent Coronavirus Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020413. [PMID: 35216006 PMCID: PMC8877876 DOI: 10.3390/v14020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are common among humans and many animals, causing respiratory or gastrointestinal diseases. Currently, only a few antiviral drugs against CoVs are available. Especially for SARS-CoV-2, new compounds for treatment of COVID-19 are urgently needed. In this study, we characterize the antiviral effects of two high-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 and bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), which are both members of the Betacoronavirus genus. The investigated compounds are based on hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) and exhibit a strong inhibitory effect against both CoVs. Yield assays were performed using BCoV-infected PT cells in the presence and absence of the compounds. While the high-sulfated HA (sHA3) led to an inhibition of viral growth early after infection, high-sulfated CS (sCS3) had a slightly smaller effect. Time of addition assays, where sHA3 and sCS3 were added to PT cells before, during or after infection, demonstrated an inhibitory effect during all phases of infection, whereas sHA3 showed a stronger effect even after virus absorbance. Furthermore, attachment analyses with prechilled PT cells revealed that virus attachment is not blocked. In addition, sHA3 and sCS3 inactivated BCoV by stable binding. Analysis by quantitative real-time RT PCR underlines the high potency of the inhibitors against BCoV, as well as B.1-lineage, Alpha and Beta SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the two high-sulfated GAG derivatives exhibit low cytotoxicity and represent promising candidates for an anti-CoV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Möller
- INNOVENT e.V., Biomaterial Department, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.); (R.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Janine Theiß
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
| | - Thaira I. L. Deinert
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
| | - Karoline Golat
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
| | - Julian Heinze
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Wyrwa
- INNOVENT e.V., Biomaterial Department, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.); (R.W.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Elke Bogner
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-525121
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6
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Peng C, Wang Q, Jiao R, Xu Y, Han N, Wang W, Zhu C, Li F. A novel chondroitin sulfate E from Dosidicus gigas cartilage and its antitumor metastatic activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117971. [PMID: 33838835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains containing GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) (E unit) have been shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, commercial E unit-rich CS (CS-E) is difficult to produce on a large scale due to expensive and limited squid cartilage resources. In this study, a novel CS-E (CS-nE) was isolated from the cheap and abundant cartilage of the giant squid Dosidicus gigas. The CS-nE has a surprisingly large molecular mass of 696 kDa and a relatively high E unit proportion (44.5 %). It can interact with various growth factors, including HGF, bFGF, pleiotrophin, and HB-EGF, with high affinity, and exhibits dose-dependent anti-metastatic activity. Furthermore, the E unit-rich decasaccharide selectively prepared from CS-nE has been shown to be the minimal functional domain with the strongest antitumor metastatic activity. Taken together, CS-nE will be a very promising candidate for the development of CS-E-based pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chune Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Runmiao Jiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Naihan Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China; Shandong Police College, Jinan, 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Dinesh DC, Tamilarasan S, Rajaram K, Bouřa E. Antiviral Drug Targets of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses Causing Chronic Human Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:105-124. [PMID: 31538891 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666190920153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses associated with chronic diseases in humans are major threats to public health causing high mortality globally. The high mutation rate of RNA viruses helps them to escape the immune response and also is responsible for the development of drug resistance. Chronic infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses (HBV and HCV) lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively, which are one of the major causes of human deaths. Effective preventative measures to limit chronic and re-emerging viral infections are absolutely necessary. Each class of antiviral agents targets a specific stage in the viral life cycle and inhibits them from its development and proliferation. Most often, antiviral drugs target a specific viral protein, therefore only a few broad-spectrum drugs are available. This review will be focused on the selected viral target proteins of pathogenic viruses containing single-stranded (ss) RNA genome that causes chronic infections in humans (e.g. HIV, HCV, Flaviviruses). In the recent past, an exponential increase in the number of available three-dimensional protein structures (>150000 in Protein Data Bank), allowed us to better understand the molecular mechanism of action of protein targets and antivirals. Advancements in the in silico approaches paved the way to design and develop several novels, highly specific small-molecule inhibitors targeting the viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Tamilarasan
- Section of Microbial Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kaushik Rajaram
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Evžen Bouřa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Hyatt JG, Prévost S, Devos JM, Mycroft-West CJ, Skidmore MA, Winter A. Molecular Changes in Dengue Envelope Protein Domain III upon Interaction with Glycosaminoglycans. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110935. [PMID: 33187224 PMCID: PMC7697694 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging vector-borne viral disease with a growing global burden of approximately 390 million new infections per annum. The Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus spread by female mosquitos of the aedes genus, but the mechanism of viral endocytosis is poorly understood at a molecular level, preventing the development of effective transmission blocking vaccines (TBVs). Recently, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been identified as playing a role during initial viral attachment through interaction with the third domain of the viral envelope protein (EDIII). Here, we report a systematic study investigating the effect of a range of biologically relevant GAGs on the structure and oligomeric state of recombinantly generated EDIII. We provide novel in situ biophysical evidence that heparin and chondroitin sulphate C induce conformational changes in EDIII at the secondary structure level. Furthermore, we report the ability of chondroitin sulphate C to bind EDIII and induce higher-order dynamic molecular changes at the tertiary and quaternary structure levels which are dependent on pH, GAG species, and the GAG sulphation state. Lastly, we conducted ab initio modelling of Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) data to visualise the induced oligomeric state of EDIII caused by interaction with chondroitin sulphate C, which may aid in TBV development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Hyatt
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;
| | - Juliette M. Devos
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;
| | - Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Anja Winter
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01782-7-33117
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9
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Song S, Peng H, Wang Q, Liu Z, Dong X, Wen C, Ai C, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhu B. Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2. Food Funct 2020; 11:7415-7420. [PMID: 32966484 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the world at an unprecedented rate. In the present study, 4 marine sulfated polysaccharides were screened for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2, including sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharide (SCSP), fucoidan from brown algae, iota-carrageenan from red algae, and chondroitin sulfate C from sharks (CS). Of them, SCSP, fucoidan, and carrageenan showed significant antiviral activities at concentrations of 3.90-500 μg mL-1. SCSP exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 of 9.10 μg mL-1. Furthermore, a test using pseudotype virus with S glycoprotein confirmed that SCSP could bind to the S glycoprotein to prevent SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry. The three antiviral polysaccharides could be employed to treat and prevent COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China..
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Biomedical Defense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.. and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiuping Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China..
| | - Chengrong Wen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China..
| | - Chunqing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China..
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China..
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China..
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10
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Kastana P, Choleva E, Poimenidi E, Karamanos N, Sugahara K, Papadimitriou E. Insight into the role of chondroitin sulfate E in angiogenesis. FEBS J 2019; 286:2921-2936. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Kastana
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Effrosyni Choleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Evangelia Poimenidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Nikos Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pathobiochemistry Meijo University Nagoya Japan
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11
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Molecular targeting for treatment of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:770-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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12
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Peng C, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang W, Jiao R, Han W, Li F. A chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid lyase with poor activity to glucuronyl 4,6- O-disulfated N-acetylgalactosamine (E-type)-containing structures. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4230-4243. [PMID: 29414785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) (E unit)-rich domains have been shown to play key roles in various biological functions of chondroitin sulfate (CS). However, an enzyme that can specifically isolate such domains through the selective digestion of other domains in polysaccharides has not yet been reported. Here, we identified a glycosaminoglycan lyase from a marine bacterium Vibrio sp. FC509. This enzyme efficiently degraded hyaluronic acid (HA) and CS variants, but not E unit-rich CS-E, into unsaturated disaccharides; therefore, we designated this enzyme a CS-E-resisted HA/CS lyase (HCLase Er). We isolated a series of resistant oligosaccharides from the final product of a low-sulfated CS-E exhaustively digested by HCLase Er and found that the E units were dramatically accumulate in these resistant oligosaccharides. By determining the structures of several resistant tetrasaccharides, we observed that all of them possessed a Δ4,5HexUAα1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) at their non-reducing ends, indicating that the disulfation of GalNAc abrogates HCLase Er activity on the β1-4 linkage between the E unit and the following disaccharide. Δ4,5HexUAα1-3GalNAc(4S,6S)β1-4GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) was most strongly resistant to HCLase Er. To our knowledge, this study is the first reporting a glycosaminoglycan lyase specifically inhibited by both 4-O- and 6-O-sulfation of GalNAc. Site-directed and truncation mutagenesis experiments indicated that HCLase Er may use a general acid-base catalysis mechanism and that an extra domain (Gly739-Gln796) is critical for its activity. This enzyme will be a useful tool for structural analyses and for preparing bioactive oligosaccharides of HA and CS variants, particularly from E unit-rich CS chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chune Peng
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Runmiao Jiao
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjun Han
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- From the National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan 250100, China
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13
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Valcarcel J, Novoa-Carballal R, Pérez-Martín RI, Reis RL, Vázquez JA. Glycosaminoglycans from marine sources as therapeutic agents. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:711-725. [PMID: 28739506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in marine animals are different to those of terrestrial organisms, mainly in terms of molecular weight and sulfation. The therapeutic properties of GAGs are related to their ability to interact with proteins, which is very much influenced by sulfation position and patterns. Since currently GAGs cannot be chemically synthesized, they are sourced from natural products, with high intra- but also inter-species variability, in terms of chain length, disaccharide composition and sulfation pattern. Consequently, sulfated GAGs are the most interesting molecules in the marine environment and constitute the focus of the present review. In particular, chondroitin sulfate (CS) appears as the most promising compound. CS-E chains [GlcA-GalNAc(4S,6S)] extracted from squid possess antiviral and anti-metastatic activities and seem to impart signalling properties and improve the mechanical performance of cartilage engineering constructs; Squid CS-E and octopus CS-K [GlcA(3S)-GalNAc(4S)], dermatan sulfate (DS) from sea squirts [-iK units, IdoA(3S)-GalNAc(4S)] and sea urchins [-iE units, IdoA-GalNAc(4S,6S)] and hybrids CS/DS from sharks (-B/iB [GlcA/IdoA(2S)-GalNAc(4S)], -D/iD [GlcA/IdoA(2S)-GalNAc(6S)] and -E/iE units [GlcA/IdoA-GalNAc(4S,6S)]) promote neurite outgrowth and could be valuable materials for nerve regeneration. Also displaying antiviral and anti-metastatic properties, a rare CS with fucosylated branches isolated from sea cucumbers is an anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agent. In this same line, marine heparin extracted from shrimp and sea squirt has proven anti-inflammatory properties, with the added advantage of decreased risk of bleeding because of its low anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Group of Food Biochemistry, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave Park, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo I Pérez-Martín
- Group of Food Biochemistry, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave Park, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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14
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Genome-Wide Screening Uncovers the Significance of N-Sulfation of Heparan Sulfate as a Host Cell Factor for Chikungunya Virus Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00432-17. [PMID: 28404855 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00432-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are poorly characterized. In this study, we analyzed the host factors involved in CHIKV infection using genome-wide screening. Human haploid HAP1 cells, into which an exon-trapping vector was introduced, were challenged with a vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype bearing the CHIKV E3 to E1 envelope proteins. Analysis of genes enriched in the cells resistant to the pseudotyped virus infection unveiled a critical role of N-sulfation of heparan sulfate (HS) for the infectivity of the clinically isolated CHIKV Thai#16856 strain to HAP1 cells. Knockout of NDST1 that catalyzes N-sulfation of HS greatly decreased the binding and infectivity of CHIKV Thai#16856 strain but not infectivity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). While glycosaminoglycans were commonly required for the efficient infectivity of CHIKV, JEV, and YFV, as shown by using B3GAT3 knockout cells, the tropism for N-sulfate was specific to CHIKV. Expression of chondroitin sulfate (CS) in NDST1-knockout HAP1 cells did not restore the binding of CHIKV Thai#16856 strain and the infectivity of its pseudotype but restored the infectivity of authentic CHIKV Thai#16856, suggesting that CS functions at later steps after CHIKV binding. Among the genes enriched in this screening, we found that TM9SF2 is critical for N-sulfation of HS and therefore for CHIKV infection because it is involved in the proper localization and stability of NDST1. Determination of the significance of and the relevant proteins to N-sulfation of HS may contribute to understanding mechanisms of CHIKV propagation, cell tropism, and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Recent outbreaks of chikungunya fever have increased its clinical importance. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) utilizes host glycosaminoglycans to bind efficiently to its target cells. However, the substructure in glycosaminoglycans required for CHIKV infection have not been characterized. Here, we unveil that N-sulfate in heparan sulfate is essential for the efficient infection of a clinical CHIKV strain to HAP1 cells and that chondroitin sulfate does not help the CHIKV binding but does play roles at the later steps in HAP1 cells. We show, by comparing previous reports using Chinese hamster ovary cells, along with another observation that enhanced infectivity of CHIKV bearing Arg82 in envelope E2 does not depend on glycosaminoglycans in HAP1 cells, that the infection manner of CHIKV varies among host cells. We also show that TM9SF2 is required for CHIKV infection to HAP1 cells because it is involved in the N-sulfation of heparan sulfate through ensuring NDST1 activity.
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Santos GRC, Porto ACO, Soares PAG, Vilanova E, Mourão PAS. Exploring the structure of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate through bottom-up nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry approaches. Glycobiology 2017; 27:625-634. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo RC Santos
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ana CO Porto
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Paulo AG Soares
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vilanova
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
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16
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Nakata K, Takeda S, Tanaka A, Kwang J, Komano J. Antiviral activity of acid beta-glucosidase 1 on enterovirus 71, a causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:643-651. [PMID: 28141506 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). EV71 causes fever, rash, diarrhoea and, in some cases, acute encephalopathy/encephalitis, which can be fatal. No specific treatment is currently available for EV71 infection. Here, we conducted a cDNA library screen and identified acid β-glucosidase 1 (GBA1; also known as β-glucocerebrosidase) as an EV71 resistance factor. The anti-EV71 function of GBA1 was verified by gene transduction and knockdown experiments. Cerezyme, a molecular drug used to treat Gaucher's disease and having recombinant human GBA1 as the active ingredient, protected against EV71 infection. The anti-EV71 activity of GBA1 was bimodal: endogenous GBA1 restricted cell surface expression levels of scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2), also known as lysosomal integral membrane protein 2 (LIMP-2), and exogenous recombinant GBA1 interfered with EV71 to interact with SCARB2 outside the cell. Thus, our findings suggest that GBA1 may represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nakata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 3-69 Nakamichi-1chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeda
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jimmy Kwang
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, 117604, Singapore
| | - Jun Komano
- National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 3-69 Nakamichi-1chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
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17
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Hoque SA, Tanaka A, Islam S, Ahsan GU, Jinno-Oue A, Hoshino H. Suppression of HIV-1 Infectivity by Human Glioma Cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:480-8. [PMID: 26650729 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection to the central nervous system (CNS) is very common in AIDS patients. The predominant cell types infected in the brain are monocytes and macrophages, which are surrounded by several HIV-1-resistant cell types, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and microvascular cells. The effect of these HIV-1-resistant cells on HIV-1 infection is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the stability of HIV-1 cultured with several human glioblastoma cell lines, for example, NP-2, U87MG, T98G, and A172, to determine whether these HIV-1-resistant brain cells could enhance or suppress HIV-1 infection and thus modulate HIV-1 infection in the CNS. The HIV-1 titer was determined using the MAGIC-5A indicator cell line as well as naturally occurring CD4(+) T cells. We found that the stability of HIV-1 incubated with NP-2 or U87MG cells at 37°C was significantly shorter (half-life, 2.5-4 h) compared to that of HIV-1 incubated with T98G or A172 cells or in culture medium without cells (half-life, 8-18 h). The spent culture media (SCM) of NP-2 and U87MG cells had the ability to suppress both R5- and X4-HIV-1 infection by inhibiting HIV-1 attachment to target cells. This inhibitory effect was eliminated by the treatment of the SCM with chondroitinase ABC but not heparinase, suggesting that the inhibitory factor(s) secreted by NP-2 and U87MG cells was chiefly mediated by chondroitin sulfate (CS) or CS-like moiety. Thus, this study reveals that some but not all glioma cells secrete inhibitory molecules to HIV-1 infection that may contribute in lowering HIV-1 infection in the CNS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Ariful Hoque
- Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gias Uddin Ahsan
- Department of Public Health, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Atsushi Jinno-Oue
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hoshino
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Advanced Scientific Research-Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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18
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Shioiri T, Tsuchimoto J, Watanabe H, Sugiura N. Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides. Glycobiology 2016; 26:592-606. [PMID: 26791444 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. The fine structure of the CS chain defines its specific biological roles. However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure-function relationship of CS chains. Here, we chemo-enzymatically synthesized CS dodecasaccharides having various sulfate modifications using a bioreactor system of bacterial chondroitin polymerase mutants and various CS sulfotransferases. We developed a sequencing method for CS chains using the CS dodecasaccharides. The method consists of (i) labeling a reducing end with 2-aminopyridine (PA), (ii) partial digestion of CS with testicular hyaluronidase, followed by separation of PA-conjugated oligosaccharides with different chain lengths, (iii) limited digestion of these oligosaccharides with chondroitin lyase AC II into disaccharides, followed by labeling with 2-aminobenzamide, (iv) CS disaccharide analysis using a dual-fluorescence HPLC system (reversed-phase ion-pair and ion-exchange chromatography), and (v) estimation of the composition by calculating individual disaccharide ratios. This CS chain sequencing allows characterization of CS-modifying enzymes and provides a useful tool toward understanding the structure-function relationship of CS chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumasa Shioiri
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jun Tsuchimoto
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sugiura
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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