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Chen R, Liang B, Wen B, Huang G, Ning C, Lao C, Jiang J, Liu J, Zhou B, Huang J, Chen J, Zang N, Liao Y, Mo D, Ye L, Liang H. No Difference in Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance between Injection Drug Users and Non-Injection Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV Patients. Intervirology 2019; 61:281-291. [PMID: 31018203 DOI: 10.1159/000499367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The epidemiological evidence is inconsistent about whether HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing antiretroviral resistance than any other HIV-positive populations. This study aims to investigate and compare transmitted drug resistance (TDR) between IDUs and non-IDUs in Lingshan County, an HIV-hit region in Guangxi, China, where IDU and heterosexual transmission were the two dominant transmission routes and roughly equally contributed to the local HIV transmission. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-1 patients from Lingshan County. The pol gene of HIV-1 from the individuals was sequenced followed by genotyping and TDR analysis. RESULTS Two dominant transmission routes, heterosexual contact and IDU, accounted for 49.2 and 45.9% of 183 HIV-1 infection cases, respectively. Three genotypes, including CRF08_BC (70.6%), CRF01_AE (24.4%), and CRF07_BC (5.0%), and three unique recombinant forms (1.6%), were identified. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution among the different transmission routes (F = 21.814, p < 0.001). The overall TDR prevalence was 5.5%. There were no significant differences in TDR prevalence among the different transmission routes (F = 1.420, p = 0.439). CONCLUSIONS Injection drug use has little impact on TDR prevalence compared with other routes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- School of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Guanghua Huang
- Department of AIDS Prevention, Lingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lingshan, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chengyong Lao
- Department of AIDS Prevention, Lingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lingshan, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmei Chen
- Department of AIDS Prevention, Lingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lingshan, China
| | - Ning Zang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanyan Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongsong Mo
- Department of AIDS Prevention, Lingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lingshan, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, .,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
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Fritsch HM, Almeida SEM, Pinto AR, Gräf T. Spatiotemporal and demographic history of the HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF31_BC in Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 61:113-118. [PMID: 29601872 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CRF31_BC is an HIVs-1 recombinant form very prevalent in the southernmost capital city of Brazil, Porto Alegre. Recent studies have been describing a growing number of cases of infection by CRF31_BC in other Brazilian cities and countries, suggesting a process of expansion of this strain. Aiming to describe the city of origin, dispersion routes and demographic history of CRF31_BC, this study analyzed all HIV-1 CRF31_BC and Brazilian BC mosaic publicly available sequences. CRF31_BC classification was performed by bootscanning and tree reconstruction methods. Bayesian phylogeographic and phylodynamic model approaches were used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal and demographic history of 95 sequences identified as CRF31_BC-like. Porto Alegre was estimated to be the origin and center of the dispersion of the CRF31_BC for most of the analyzed locations. However, some viral transitions independent from Porto Alegre were observed in other cities from the Rio Grande do Sul state and also in other Brazilian states. The estimated CRF31_BC epidemic growth rate was similar to subtype C and B in Brazil. Our findings suggest that CRF31_BC, although mostly prevalent in south region, is circulating nation-wide with some localities presenting autochthonous transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegger M Fritsch
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina E M Almeida
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo R Pinto
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gräf
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Chen Y, Shen Z, Morano JP, Khoshnood K, Wu Z, Lan G, Zhu Q, Zhou Y, Tang S, Liu W, Chen J, Tang Z. Bridging the epidemic: a comprehensive analysis of prevalence and correlates of HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis, and infection among female sex workers in Guangxi Province, China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115311. [PMID: 25723548 PMCID: PMC4344209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female sex workers (FSWs) are at highest risk for contracting HIV and facilitating the current heterosexual HIV epidemic in Guangxi, China, yet little is known of the impact of recent harm reduction campaigns in the province. We analyzed sentinel surveillance data collected between 2010 and 2012 in Guangxi to explore correlations between the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis and risk behaviors of different categories of FSWs in Guangxi. METHODS The sentinel surveillance data for 5,1790 FSWs in all 14 prefectures and 64 city/county regions of Guangxi, China from 2010 to 2012 were collected. Differences between three categories of FSWs (grouped by venue) and disease trends (HIV, HCV, and syphilis) by year were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses as to evaluate risk factors correlated with HIV, HCV, or syphilis infection. RESULTS HIV and HCV prevalence remained constant across the three FSW categories; however, syphilis prevalence showed a significant increase from 5.7% to 7.3% for low-tier FSWs. Most cases with HIV, HCV, syphilis and intravenous drug use were seen in low-tier FSWs. Testing positive for HIV and syphilis were most correlated with being HCV positive (AOR 4.12 and AOR 4.36), only completing elementary school (AOR 3.71 and AOR 2.35), low tier venues (AOR 2.02 and AOR 2.00), and prior STI (AOR 1.40 and AOR 3.56), respectively. HCV infection was correlated with ever injecting drugs (AOR 60.65) and testing positive for syphilis (AOR 4.16) or HIV (AOR 3.74). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that low tier FSWs with lower formal education levels are the most vulnerable population at risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV, HCV, and syphilis in Guangxi, China. Condom distribution with evolution to safer sex practices are the reasons to explain the non-increasing prevalence of HIV, HCV in Guangxi for 2010-2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Jamie P. Morano
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, and College of Public Health, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kaveh Khoshnood
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zunyou Wu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghua Lan
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuying Zhu
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Health and Family Planning Commission of Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenzhu Tang
- Guangxi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
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