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Mannarino MR, Bianconi V, Scalisi G, Franceschini L, Manni G, Cucci A, Bagaglia F, Mencarelli G, Giglioni F, Ricciuti D, Figorilli F, Pieroni B, Cosentini E, Padiglioni E, Colangelo C, Fuchs D, Puccetti P, Follenzi A, Pirro M, Gargaro M, Fallarino F. A tryptophan metabolite prevents depletion of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in systemic low-grade inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:964660. [PMID: 37081894 PMCID: PMC10110845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.964660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChronic systemic inflammation reduces the bioavailability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a key enzyme of immune tolerance catalyzing the initial step of tryptophan degradation along the so-called l-kynurenine (l-kyn) pathway, that is induced by inflammatory stimuli and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. A specific relationship between IDO1 activity and circulating EPC numbers has not yet been investigated.MethodsIn this study, circulating EPCs were examined in mice treated with low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, the association between IDO1 activity and circulating EPCs was studied in a cohort of 277 patients with variable systemic low-grade inflammation.ResultsRepeated low doses of LPS caused a decrease in circulating EPCs and l-kyn supplementation, mimicking IDO1 activation, significantly increased EPC numbers under homeostatic conditions preventing EPC decline in low-grade endotoxemia. Accordingly, in patients with variable systemic low-grade inflammation, there was a significant interaction between IDO1 activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in predicting circulating EPCs, with high hs-CRP associated with significantly lower EPCs at low IDO1 activity but not at high IDO1 activity.InterpretationOverall, these findings demonstrate that systemic low-grade inflammation reduces circulating EPCs. However, high IDO1 activity and l-kyn supplementation limit circulating EPC loss in low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bianconi, ; Marco Gargaro, ; Francesca Fallarino,
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Franceschini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Cucci
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagaglia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mencarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Giglioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Doriana Ricciuti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo Figorilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pieroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Cosentini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Colangelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bianconi, ; Marco Gargaro, ; Francesca Fallarino,
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bianconi, ; Marco Gargaro, ; Francesca Fallarino,
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Martinez CA, Rikhi R, Pester MS, Parker M, Gonzalez A, Larson M, Chavez J, Mendez A, Raines JK, Kolber MA, Schulman IH, Alcaide ML, Hurwitz BE. Abacavir antiretroviral therapy and indices of subclinical vascular disease in persons with HIV. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264445. [PMID: 35271614 PMCID: PMC8912137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Indices of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, vascular endothelial dilation, arterial stiffness and endothelial repair were examined in persons with HIV (PWH) on an antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included abacavir (ABC+) in comparison with PWH on ART without abacavir (ABC-), and with HIV seronegative (HIV-) individuals. Approach The 115 participants (63% men), aged 30–50 years, did not have CVD, metabolic, endocrine, or chronic renal conditions. PWH were on stable ART for six-months or more. Vascular assessments included flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic, radial and femoral arterial stiffness (cAIx, crPWV, cfPWV), and thigh and calf arterial compliance (Vmax50). Endothelial repair was indexed by endothelial progenitor cell colony forming units (EPC-CFU). Traditional CVD risk measures included blood pressure, central adiposity, lipids, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), CRP and ASCVD score. Analyses controlled for demographics (age, sex, education), medications (antihypertensive, statin/fibrate, antipsychotic), and substance abuse (ASSIST). Results No group differences were observed in central adiposity, HOMA-IR, CRP, or ASCVD risk score. However, the ABC- group displayed greater dyslipidemia. The ABC+ group displayed no difference on FMD, cAIx, cfPWV or calf Vmax50 compared with other groups. When CD4 count and viral load were controlled, no additional differences between the ABC+ and ABC- groups emerged. Analyses of crPWV and thigh Vmax50 suggested supported by a trend toward lower EPC-CFU in the HIV+ groups than the HIV- group. Conclusions Findings indicate that ABC treatment of 30–50 year-old PWH on stable ART is not likely to contribute in a robust way to higher CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. Martinez
- Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rishi Rikhi
- Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mollie S. Pester
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Meela Parker
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alex Gonzalez
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michaela Larson
- Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Chavez
- Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Armando Mendez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K. Raines
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Kolber
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ivonne H. Schulman
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria L. Alcaide
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Barry E. Hurwitz
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Mezoh G, Lutchman N, Worsley C, Gededzha M, Mayne E, Martinson N, Moore PL, Crowther NJ. Biomarkers of Endothelial Activation in Black South African HIV-Positive Subjects are Associated with Both High Viral Load and Low CD4 Counts. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:152-161. [PMID: 34969264 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular death in the HIV-infected population is higher than in uninfected individuals. Growing evidence suggests that HIV infection itself is directly linked to endothelial activation and dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether endothelial activation is present in African subjects with HIV infection and identify its possible determinants. Eighty HIV-infected treatment-naive cases, categorized into two groups based on CD4 count (38 subjects with CD4 count ≤350 cells/mm3 and 42 subjects with CD4 count >350 cells/mm3), were compared with 60 HIV-uninfected controls. A small subgroup of the HIV-infected participants (n = 13) were followed up for 18 months following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Anthropometric data, fasting lipid and glucose levels, viral load, and CD4 counts were measured as were serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The HIV-infected low CD4 group had higher levels of ICAM-1 (p < .05), VCAM-1 (p < .0005), TNF-α (p < .005), and vWF (p < .005), compared with the controls. In the HIV-infected cohort, VCAM-1 levels were negatively associated with CD4 counts (β = -0.474; p < .0005), whereas vWF levels were positively associated with viral load (β = 0.344; p < .01). Levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were reduced by ART (p < .05 vs. baseline for both), however, levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α increased (p < .005 vs. baseline for all). Endothelial activation and inflammation are evident in African ART-naive HIV-infected patients; the former is attenuated, and the latter is increased after 18 months of ART. In HIV-infected subjects, both immunological dysregulation and viral load are associated with biomarkers of endothelial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Mezoh
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nereshni Lutchman
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Catherine Worsley
- Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maemu Gededzha
- Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Mayne
- Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Arnaiz de Las Revillas F, Gonzalez-Quintanilla V, Parra JA, Palacios E, Gonzalez-Rico C, Armiñanzas C, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Oterino A, Fariñas-Alvarez C, Fariñas MC. Evaluation of endothelial function and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with HIV infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18431. [PMID: 34531450 PMCID: PMC8446055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related clinical and analytical parameters and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis as well as endothelial dysfunction. This was a prospective cohort study of HIV-positive patients who underwent intima media thickness (IMT) determination and coronary artery calcium scoring to determine subclinical atherosclerosis. To detect endothelial dysfunction, the breath holding index, flow-mediated dilation and the concentration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were measured. Patients with an IMT ≥ 0.9 mm had an average of 559.3 ± 283.34 CD4/μl, and those with an IMT < 0.9 mm had an average of 715.4 ± 389.92 CD4/μl (p = 0.04). Patients with a low calcium score had a significantly higher average CD4 cell value and lower zenith viral load (VL) than those with a higher score (707.7 ± 377.5 CD4/μl vs 477.23 ± 235.7 CD4/μl (p = 0.01) and 7 × 104 ± 5 × 104 copies/ml vs 23.4 × 104 ± 19 × 104 copies/ml (p = 0.02)). The number of early EPCs in patients with a CD4 nadir < 350/µl was lower than that in those with a CD4 nadir ≥ 350 (p = 0.03). In HIV-positive patients, low CD4 cell levels and high VL were associated with risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis. HIV patients with CD4 cell nadir < 350/µl may have fewer early EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arnaiz de Las Revillas
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Av. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | | | - J A Parra
- Radiology Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - E Palacios
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - C Gonzalez-Rico
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Av. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - C Armiñanzas
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Av. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - M Gutiérrez-Cuadra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Av. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - A Oterino
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - C Fariñas-Alvarez
- Quality Unit. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - M C Fariñas
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Av. Valdecilla s/n, 39008, Santander, Spain.
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Zhu Z, Li T, Chen J, Kumar J, Kumar P, Qin J, Hadigan C, Sereti I, Baker JV, Catalfamo M. The Role of Inflammation and Immune Activation on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Chronic HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663412. [PMID: 34079548 PMCID: PMC8165313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation and damage are the main drivers of cardiovascular risk/disease. Endothelial repair is mediated in part by recruitment of bone marrow endothelial progenitor/endothelial colony forming cells (EPC/ECFC). People with HIV (PWH) have increased cardiovascular risk and the impact of infection in endothelial repair is not well defined. The low frequencies and challenges to in vitro isolation and differentiation of EPC/ECFC from PBMCs had made it difficult to study their role in this context. We hypothesized that HIV driven inflammation induces phenotypic changes that reflects the impact of infection. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated expression of markers of trafficking, endothelial differentiation, and angiogenesis, and study their association with biomarkers of inflammation in a cohort of PWH. In addition, we investigated the relationship of circulating endothelial progenitors and angiogenic T cells, a T cell subset with angiogenic function. Using a flow cytometry approach, we identified two subsets of circulating progenitors LIN4-CD45-CD34+ and LIN4-CD45dimCD34+ in PWH. We found that the phenotype but not frequencies were associated with biomarkers of inflammation. In addition, the percentage of LIN4-CD45dimCD34+ was associated with serum levels of lipids. This data may provide a new tool to better address the impact of HIV infection in endothelial inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jinya Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jai Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jing Qin
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jason V Baker
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Li X, Guo D, Zhou H, Hu Y, Fang X, Chen Y. Pro-inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress: Therapeutic Markers for Recurrent Angina Pectoris after Coronary Artery Stenting in Elderly Patients. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:643-654. [PMID: 33511935 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666210129142707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress are related to severity of angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress on recurrent angina pectoris after coronary artery stenting in elderly patients. METHODS We determined the expression levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein (ACR), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in elderly patients with recurrent angina pectoris after coronary artery stenting. RESULTS Levels of MDA, ACR, TNF-α and TLR4 were significantly increased (p<0.001), and levels of SOD3, PON-1, SDF-1α and EPCs were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the elderly patients with recurrent angina pectoris after coronary artery stenting. MDA, ACR, TNF-α and TLR4 as markers of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators may have suppressed SOD3, PON-1, SDF-1α and EPCs as markers of anti-oxidative stress/anti-inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators were important factors involved in recurrent angina pectoris of elderly patients after coronary artery stenting. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators could be considered as potential non-invasive prognostic, predictive and therapeutic biomarkers for stable recurrent angina and recurrent unstable angina in the elderly patients after coronary artery stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian 223002. China
| | - Dianxuan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian 223002. China
| | - Hualan Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian 223002. China
| | - Youdong Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian 223002. China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian 223002. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian 223002. China
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Buffa S, Borzì D, Chiarelli R, Crapanzano F, Lena AM, Nania M, Candi E, Triolo F, Ruvolo G, Melino G, Balistreri CR. Biomarkers for vascular ageing in aorta tissues and blood samples. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110741. [PMID: 31648011 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional and quantitative alterations and senescence of circulating and expanded endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), as well as systemic and tissue modifications of angiogenetic and inflammatory molecules, were evaluated for predicting age-related vessel wall remodeling, correlating them to intima media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery (CCA), a biomarker of early cardiovascular disease and aortic root dilation. POPULATIONS AND METHODS A homogenous Caucasian population was included in the study, constituted by 160 healthy subjects (80 old subjects, mean age 72 ± 6.4, range 66-83 years; and 80 younger blood donors, mean age 26.2 ± 3.4, range 21-33 years), and 60 old subjects (mean age 73 ± 1.4 (range 66-83) years) with aortic root dilatation and hypertension, and 60 old people (70 ± 2.8 (age range 66-83)) with sporadic ascending aorta aneurysm (AAA). In addition, 20 control individuals (10 men and 10 women, mean age: 65 ± 8), were also included in the study for evaluating the gene expression's levels, in aorta tissues. Appropriate techniques, practises, protocols, gating strategies and statistical analyses were performed in our evaluations. RESULTS Interestingly, old people had a significantly reduced functionality and a high grade of senescence (high SA-β-Gal activity and high levels of TP53, p21 and p16 genes) of EPC expanded than younger subjects. The values of related parameters progressively augmented from the old subjects, in good healthy shape, to subjects with hypertension and aorta dilation, and AAA. Moreover, they significantly impacted the endothelium than the alterations in EPC number. No changes, but rather increased systemic levels of VEGF and SDF-1 were also assessed in old people vs. younger donors. Old people also showed significantly increased systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines, and a reciprocal significant reduction of systemic s-Notch 1 than younger subjects. These parameters, also including the number EPC alterations, resulted to be significantly sustained in old people bearers of an inflammatory combined genotype. Consistent with these data, a reduced expression of Notch-1 gene, accompanied by a sustained expression of inflammatory genes (i.e. TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17) were detected in aortic tissues from old control people and AAA cases. Finally, we detected the biological effects induced by all the detected alterations on vessel wall age-related remodeling, by evaluating the IMT in the population studied and correlating it to these alterations. The analysis demonstrated that the unique independent risk predictors for vascular ageing are age, the EPC reduced migratory activity and senescence, high grade of expression of genes inducing EPC senescence and chronic tissue and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we propose these parameters, of easy determination in biological samples (i.e. blood and tissue samples) from alive human population, as optimal biomarkers for vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buffa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Borzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Chiarelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Floriana Crapanzano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Nania
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Science, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Mayne ES, Louw S. Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Vascular Disease. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz303. [PMID: 31737735 PMCID: PMC6847507 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, venous thrombosis, and microvascular disease in people with HIV (PWH) is predicted to increase in an aging HIV-infected population. Endothelial damage and dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular events in PWH and is characterized by impaired vascular relaxation and decreased nitric oxide availability. Vascular disease has been attributed to direct viral effects, opportunistic infections, chronic inflammation, effects of antiretroviral therapy, and underlying comorbid conditions, like hypertension and use of tobacco. Although biomarkers have been examined to predict and prognosticate thrombotic and cardiovascular disease in this population, more comprehensive validation of risk factors is necessary to ensure patients are managed appropriately. This review examines the pathogenesis of vascular disease in PWH and summarizes the biomarkers used to predict vascular disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Mayne
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service
| | - Susan Louw
- Department of Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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