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Traberg WC, Uribe J, Druet V, Hama A, Moysidou CM, Huerta M, McCoy R, Hayward D, Savva A, Genovese AMR, Pavagada S, Lu Z, Koklu A, Pappa AM, Fitzgerald R, Inal S, Daniel S, Owens RM. Organic Electronic Platform for Real-Time Phenotypic Screening of Extracellular-Vesicle-Driven Breast Cancer Metastasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301194. [PMID: 37171457 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in nonmalignant cells to promote invasion and cancer metastasis, representing a novel therapeutic target in a field severely lacking in efficacious antimetastasis treatments. However, scalable technologies that allow continuous, multiparametric monitoring for identifying metastasis inhibitors are absent. Here, the development of a functional phenotypic screening platform based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of TEV-induced EMT and screening of antimetastatic drugs is reported. TEVs derived from the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 induce EMT in nonmalignant breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) over a nine-day period, recapitulating a model of invasive ductal carcinoma metastasis. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence imaging confirm the EMT status of TEV-treated cells, while dual optical and electrical readouts of cell phenotype are obtained using OECTs. Further, heparin, a competitive inhibitor of cell surface receptors, is identified as an effective blocker of TEV-induced EMT. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of the platform for TEV-targeted drug discovery, allowing for facile modeling of the transient drug response using electrical measurements, and provide proof of concept that inhibitors of TEV function have potential as antimetastatic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walther C Traberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Johana Uribe
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Victor Druet
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Hama
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Daniel Hayward
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Amaury M R Genovese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Suraj Pavagada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Zixuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Anil Koklu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Healthcare Innovation Engineering Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rebecca Fitzgerald
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Sahika Inal
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM, Boys AJ, Fu Y, Moysidou CM, van Niekerk D, Saez J, Savva A, Iandolo D, Owens RM. Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4700-4790. [PMID: 34910876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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Barron SL, Saez J, Owens RM. In Vitro Models for Studying Respiratory Host-Pathogen Interactions. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000624. [PMID: 33943040 PMCID: PMC8212094 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are among the leading cause of death worldwide and, especially given the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic, are of high and prevalent socio-economic importance. In vitro models, which accurately represent the lung microenvironment, are of increasing significance given the ethical concerns around animal work and the lack of translation to human disease, as well as the lengthy time to market and the attrition rates associated with clinical trials. This review gives an overview of the biological and immunological components involved in regulating the respiratory epithelium system in health, disease, and infection. The evolution from 2D to 3D cell biology and to more advanced technological integrated models for studying respiratory host-pathogen interactions are reviewed and provide a reference point for understanding the in vitro modeling requirements. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives for advancing this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Barron
- Bioassay Impurities and QualityBiopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&DAstraZenecaCambridgeCB21 6GPUK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyPhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyPhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyPhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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Strakosas X, Huerta M, Donahue MJ, Hama A, Pappa AM, Ferro M, Ramuz M, Rivnay J, Owens RM. Catalytically enhanced organic transistors forin vitrotoxicology monitoring through hydrogel entrapment of enzymes. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Bioelectronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis; Cinvestav; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Mary J. Donahue
- Department of Bioelectronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Adel Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Bioelectronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Magali Ferro
- Department of Bioelectronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Marc Ramuz
- Department of Flexible Electronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics; Center of Microelectronics in Provence, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne; Gardanne 13541 France
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