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Liu X, Lei H, Hu Y, Fan X, Zhang Y, Xie L, Huang J, Cai Q. A turn-on fluorescent nanosensor for H 2S detection and imaging in inflammatory cells and mice. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122739. [PMID: 37084684 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously generated gaseous signaling molecule and is known to be involved in the occurrence and development of inflammation. To better understand its physiological and pathological process of inflammation, reliable tools for H2S detection in living inflammatory models are desired. Although a number of fluorescent sensors have been reported for H2S detection and imaging, water-soluble and biocompatibility nanosensors are more useful for imaging in vivo. Herein, we developed a novel biological imaging nanosensor, XNP1, for inflammation-targeted imaging of H2S. XNP1 was obtained by self-assembly of amphiphilic XNP1, which was constructed by the condensation reaction of the hydrophobic, H2S response and deep red-emitting fluorophore with hydrophilic biopolymer glycol chitosan (GC). Without H2S, XNP1 showed very low background fluorescence, while a significant enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of XNP1 was observed in the presence of H2S, resulting in a high sensitivity toward H2S in aqueous solution with a practical detection limit as low as 32.3 nM, which could be meet the detection of H2S in vivo. XNP1 also has a good linear response concentration range (0-1 μM) toward H2S with high selectivity over other competing species. These characteristics facilitate direct H2S detection of the complex living inflammatory cells and drug-induced inflammatory mice, demonstrating its practical application in biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, PR China.
| | - Haibo Lei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, PR China
| | - Yixiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, PR China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Liyun Xie
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jianji Huang
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qinuo Cai
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Exogenous H 2S Attenuates Hypertension by Regulating Renin Exocytosis under Hyperglycaemic and Hyperlipidaemic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021690. [PMID: 36675205 PMCID: PMC9860892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, along with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a major contributor to hypertension. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is involved in the occurrence of diabetes and hypertension. However, the mechanism by which obesity is related to T2DM induced hypertension is unclear. In this study, we observed that blood pressure and serum renin content were increased in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an endogenous bioactive molecule, has been shown to be a vasodilator. Db/db mice, characterized by obesity and T2DM, and juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, which line the afferent arterioles at the entrance of the glomeruli to produce renin, treated with glucose, palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA), were used as animal and cellular models. NaHS, the H2S donor, was administered to db/db mice through intraperitoneal injection. NaHS significantly alleviated blood pressure in db/db mice, decreased the renin content in the serum of db/db mice and reduced renin secretion from JG cells. NaHS modulated renin release via cAMP and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), including synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP23) and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), which mediate renin exocytosis. Furthermore, NaHS increased the levels of autophagy-related proteins and colocalization with EGFP-LC3 puncta with renin-containing granules and VAMP2 to consume excessive renin to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Therefore, exogenous H2S attenuates renin release and promotes renin-vesicular autophagy to relieve diabetes-induced hypertension.
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Gases in Sepsis: Novel Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073669. [PMID: 35409029 PMCID: PMC8998565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a potentially lethal condition resulting from failure to control the initial infection, is associated with a dysregulated host defense response to pathogens and their toxins. Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of sepsis is very complicated and is not yet fully understood. Worse still, the development of effective therapeutic agents is still an unmet need and a great challenge. Gases, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are small-molecule biological mediators that are endogenously produced, mainly by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Accumulating evidence suggests that these gaseous mediators are widely involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Many sepsis-associated alterations, such as the elimination of invasive pathogens, the resolution of disorganized inflammation and the preservation of the function of multiple organs and systems, are shaped by them. Increasing attention has been paid to developing therapeutic approaches targeting these molecules for sepsis/septic shock, taking advantage of the multiple actions played by NO, CO and H2S. Several preliminary studies have identified promising therapeutic strategies for gaseous-mediator-based treatments for sepsis. In this review article, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the pathophysiology of sepsis; the metabolism and physiological function of NO, CO and H2S; the crosstalk among these gaseous mediators; and their crucial effects on the development and progression of sepsis. In addition, we also briefly discuss the prospect of developing therapeutic interventions targeting these gaseous mediators for sepsis.
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Li H, Fang Y, Yan J, Ren X, Zheng C, Wu B, Wang S, Li Z, Hua H, Wang P, Li D. Small-molecule fluorescent probes for H2S detection: Advances and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Manandhar S, Sinha P, Ejiwale G, Bhatia M. Hydrogen Sulfide and its Interaction with Other Players in Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:129-159. [PMID: 34302691 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a vital role in human physiology and in the pathophysiology of several diseases. In addition, a substantial role of H2S in inflammation has emerged. This chapter will discuss the involvement of H2S in various inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adhesion molecules, and leukocyte recruitment in H2S-mediated inflammation will be discussed. The interrelationship of H2S with other gasotransmitters in inflammation will also be examined. There is mixed literature on the contribution of H2S to inflammation due to studies reporting both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions. These apparent discrepancies in the literature could be resolved with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Manandhar
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Grace Ejiwale
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Role of H 2S in pain: Growing evidences of mystification. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173322. [PMID: 32619675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There have been studies suggesting the pain attenuating as well as pain inducing actions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Exogenous administrated H2S may be antinociceptive or pronociceptive, while the endogenous H2S is pronociceptive. Experimental studies have shown that pharmacological inhibitors of H2S biosynthetic enzymes may attenuate nociceptive as well as neuropathic pain. It suggests that nerve injury or inflammatory agents may induce the expression of H2S biosynthetic enzymes to increase the endogenous production of H2S, which acts as a pain neurotransmitter to produce pain. The endogenous H2S may act through different mechanisms including opening of T-type calcium channels, activation of voltage-gated sodium channels, suppression of potassium channels, activation of TRPA1, TRPV1 and TRPC6 channels, upregulation of spinal NMDA receptors and sensitization of purinergic receptors. Exogenous administration of H2S/precursors/donors attenuates or facilitates pain. It may be hypothesized that local administration of H2S may cause pain; while it's systemic administration may attenuate pain. The doses of H2S may also influence the pain response and H2S in low doses may contribute in reducing pain, while H2S in high doses may contribute in relieving pain. Accordingly, enzymatic inhibitors of H2S synthesis or systemic administration of slow H2S releasing agents/low dose H2S donors may be useful in attenuating nociceptive and neuropathic pain. The present review describes the dual role of H2S in pain attenuation and pain induction along with possible mechanisms.
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Li H, Xu F, Gao G, Gao X, Wu B, Zheng C, Wang P, Li Z, Hua H, Li D. Hydrogen sulfide and its donors: Novel antitumor and antimetastatic therapies for triple-negative breast cancer. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101564. [PMID: 32403079 PMCID: PMC7218030 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as a novel second-messenger molecule associated with the modulation of various physiological and pathological processes. In the field of antitumor research, endogenous H2S induces angiogenesis, accelerates the cell cycle and inhibits apoptosis, which results in promoting oncogenesis eventually. Interestingly, high concentrations of exogenous H2S liberated from donors suppress the growth of various tumors via inducing cellular acidification and modulating several signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. The selective release of certain concentrations of H2S from H2S donors in the target has been considered as an alternative tumor therapy strategy. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype with less than one year median survival time, is known to account for approximately 15–20% of all breast cancers. Due to the lack of approved targeted therapy, the clinical treatment of TNBC is still hindered by metastasis as well as recurrence. Significant efforts have been spent on developing novel treatments of TNBC, and remarkable progress in the control of TNBC by H2S donors and their derivatives have been made in recent years. This review summarizes various pathways involved in antitumor and anti-metastasis effects of H2S donors and their derivatives on TNBC, which provides novel insights for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Gang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Building 75, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States
| | - Chao Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Hydrogen Sulfide: Emerging Role in Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate Malignancies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2360945. [PMID: 31781328 PMCID: PMC6875223 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2360945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the latest member of the gasotransmitter family and known to play essential roles in cancer pathophysiology. H2S is produced endogenously and can be administered exogenously. Recent studies showed that H2S in cancers has both pro- and antitumor roles. Understanding the difference in the expression and localization of tissue-specific H2S-producing enzymes in healthy and cancer tissues allows us to develop tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Urological malignancies are some of the most common cancers in both men and women, and their early detection is vital since advanced cancers are recurrent, metastatic, and often resistant to treatment. This review summarizes the roles of H2S in cancer and looks at current studies investigating H2S activity and expression of H2S-producing enzymes in urinary cancers. We specifically focused on urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer, as they form the majority of newly diagnosed urinary cancers. Recent studies show that besides the physiological activity of H2S in cancer cells, there are patterns between the development and prognosis of urinary cancers and the expression of H2S-producing enzymes and indirectly the H2S levels. Though controversial and not completely understood, studying the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in cancer tissue may represent an avenue for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for addressing urological malignancies.
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Gaddam RR, Chambers S, Murdoch D, Shaw G, Bhatia M. Circulating levels of hydrogen sulfide and substance P in patients with sepsis. J Infect 2017; 75:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hydrogen sulfide acts as a double-edged sword in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through EGFR/ERK/MMP-2 and PTEN/AKT signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5134. [PMID: 28698660 PMCID: PMC5506015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in cancer biological processes. However, there are several controversies concerning the role of H2S in cancer development and progression. In this study, we found that the growth and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were enhanced by 10–100 μM NaHS and dose-dependently inhibited by 600–1000 μM NaHS. The apoptotic levels were reduced by 25–100 μM NaHS but increased by 400–1000 μM NaHS in HCC cells. After treatment with 25–50 μM NaHS, the protein levels of p-EGFR, p-ERK, MMP-2, and p-AKT were increased, whereas the levels of PTEN and the ratio of BAX/BCL-2 were down-regulated. Administration of 800–1000 μM NaHS showed opposite effects on these protein levels in HCC cells. However, H2S showed no effects on the growth, migration, apoptosis, and the protein levels of the EGFR/ERK/MMP-2 and PTEN/AKT signaling pathways in L02 cells. Furthermore, 25–100 μM NaHS promoted HCC tumor growth and blood vessel formation, while 800–1000 μM NaHS inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth with no obvious systemic toxicity. These results indicate that H2S acts as a double-edged sword in HCC cells through EGFR/ERK/MMP-2 and PTEN/AKT signaling pathways. Novel H2S donors could be designed and applied for further antitumor research.
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Marahel S, Umesha S. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of Pachygone ovata leaves. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3046-3054. [PMID: 27417523 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1203960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pachygone ovata (Poir.) Miers ex Hook. F. et Thoms (Menispermaceae) is a rich source of bioactive bisbenzylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential of Pachygone ovata leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipoxygenase (LOX) assay for anti-inflammatory activity was conducted using MeOH, EA, H and Aq extracts; followed by alkaloid isolation. The anti-inflammatory potential was determined using carrageenan-induced paw oedema and formalin tests for evaluation of Pachygone ovata analgesic effect. Different doses (100, 300 and 400 μg/kg) were administered orally to Wistar rats for a period of one week, once daily. RESULTS MeOH and EA extract efficiently inhibited LOX (IC50 1.43 and 2.15 μg/mL, respectively). MeOH extract had better inhibiting capacity (57%) than indomethacin (51%) in carrageenan induced rats. MeOH extract (300 μg/kg) significantly reduced the increased levels of nitric oxide (8 ± 0.57 M), total leukocyte count (4.5 ± 0.05 cells 103/cells) and C-reactive protein (55 ± 0.45 mg/mL). There was a decrease in various serum biochemical markers (ALT, AST). Histopathological studies revealed reduction in oedema and decreased cellular infiltration on supplementation with MeOH extract. Furthermore, MeOH extract (300 μg/kg) and alkaloid fraction (400 μg/kg) effected both phases (neurogenic and inflammatory) of formalin injected models. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Inflammatory mediators play a key role in inflammation; therefore, keeping it in control is of utmost importance. The usefulness of Pachygone ovata leaves on pain and inflammation has been described, probably due to its effect on inflammatory mediators and high alkaloid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Marahel
- a Department of Studies in Biotechnology , University of Mysore, Manasagangotri , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | - Sharanaiah Umesha
- a Department of Studies in Biotechnology , University of Mysore, Manasagangotri , Mysore , Karnataka , India
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Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves Mediate the Cellular and Microvascular Effects of H2S via TRPA1 Receptor Activation and Neuropeptide Release. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:157-70. [PMID: 27525636 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is supposed that TRPA1 receptor can be activated by hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Here, we have investigated the role of TRPA1 receptor in H2S-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase in trigeminal ganglia (TRG) neurons, and the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in H2S-evoked cutaneous vasodilatation. [Ca(2+)]i was measured with ratiometric technique on TRG neurons of TRPA1(+/+) and TRPA1(-/-) mice after NaHS, Na2S, allylisothiocyanate (AITC) or KCl treatment. Microcirculatory changes in the ear were detected by laser Doppler imaging in response to topical NaHS, AITC, NaOH, NaSO3 or NaCl. Mice were either treated with resiniferatoxin (RTX), or CGRP antagonist BIBN4096, or NK1 receptor antagonist CP99994, or K(+) ATP channel blocker glibenclamide. Alpha-CGRP(-/-) and NK1 (-/-) mice were also investigated. NaHS and Na2S increased [Ca(2+)]i in TRG neurons derived from TRPA(+/+) but not from TRPA1(-/-) mice. NaHS increased cutaneous blood flow, while NaOH, NaSO3 and NaCl did not cause significant changes. NaHS-induced vasodilatation was reduced in RTX-treated animals, as well as by pre-treatment with BIBN4096 or CP99994 alone or in combination. NaHS-induced vasodilatation was significantly smaller in alpha-CGRP(-/-) or NK1 (-/-) mice compared to wild-types. H2S activates capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves through TRPA1 receptors and the resultant vasodilatation is mediated by the release of vasoactive sensory neuropeptides CGRP and substance P.
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Abstract
Inflammation is a response to traumatic, infectious, post-ischemic, toxic, or autoimmune injury. However, uncontrolled inflammation can lead to disease, and inflammation is now believed to be responsible for several disease conditions. Research in our laboratory has shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a novel mediator of inflammation. At present, work in several research groups worldwide is focused on determining the role of H2S in inflammation. H2S has been implicated in different inflammatory conditions. Most of this research involved working with animal models of disease and in vitro systems. Recent research, however, points to a role of H2S in clinical inflammatory disease as well. This chapter describes our current understanding of the role of H2S in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Avenue, 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand,
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Park JM, Lee S, Chung MK, Kwon SH, Kim EH, Ko KH, Kwon CI, Hahm KB. Antioxidative phytoceuticals to ameliorate pancreatitis in animal models: An answer from nature. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16570-16581. [PMID: 25469025 PMCID: PMC4248200 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enthusiastic efforts directed at elucidating critical underlying mechanisms towards the identification of novel therapeutic targets for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), the disease remains without a specific therapy to be executed within the first hours to days after onset of symptoms. Although earlier management for SAP should aim to either treat organ failure or reduce infectious complications, the current standard of care for the general management of AP in the first hours to days after onset of symptoms include intravenous fluid replacement, nutritional changes, and the use of analgesics with a close monitoring of vital signs. Furthermore, repeated evaluation of severity is very important, as the condition is particularly unstable in the early stages. In cases where biliary pancreatitis is accompanied by acute cholangitis or in cases where biliary stasis is suspected, an early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is recommended. However, practice guidelines regarding the treatment of pancreatitis are suboptimal. In chronic pancreatitis, conservative management strategies include lifestyle modifications and dietary changes followed by analgesics and pancreatic enzyme supplementation. Recently, attention has been focused on phytoceuticals or antioxidants as agents that could surpass the limitations associated with currently available therapies. Because oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, antioxidants alone or combined with conventional therapy may improve oxidative-stress-induced organ damage. Interest in phytoceuticals stems from their potential use as simple, accurate tools for pancreatitis prognostication that could replace older and more tedious methods. Therefore, the use of antioxidative nutrition or phytoceuticals may represent a new direction for clinical research in pancreatitis. In this review article, recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of pancreatitis are discussed and the paradigm shift underway to develop phytoceuticals and antioxidants to treat it is introduced. Despite the promise of studies evaluating the effects of antioxidants/phytoceuticals in pancreatitis, translation to the clinic has thus far been disappointing. However, it is expected that continued research will provide solid evidence to justify the use of antioxidative phytoceuticals in the treatment of pancreatitis.
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Lipopolysaccharide regulates biosynthesis of cystathionine γ-lyase and hydrogen sulfide through toll-like receptor-4/p38 and toll-like receptor-4/NF-κB pathways in macrophages. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:679-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pinheiro da Silva F, Machado MCC, Velasco IT. Neuropeptides in sepsis: from brain pathology to systemic inflammation. Peptides 2013; 44:135-8. [PMID: 23583479 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy is frequently diagnosed in critically ill patients and in up to 70% of patients with severe systemic infection [19]. The syndrome is defined by diffuse cerebral dysfunction or structural abnormalities attributed to the effects of systemic infection, rather than a direct central nervous system cause. The clinical characteristics can range from mild delirium to deep coma, but patients are often medically sedated making the diagnosis difficult. Any manifestation, however, is specific and markers of disease are lacking [43]. Sepsis survivors present long term cognitive impairment, including alterations of memory, attention and concentration [10,54]. Here, we propose that neuropeptides may play a key role in septic encephalopathy, leading to a vicious circle characterized by brain disease and systemic inflammation.
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Song Y, Stål PS, Yu JG, Forsgren S. Bilateral increase in expression and concentration of tachykinin in a unilateral rabbit muscle overuse model that leads to myositis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:134. [PMID: 23587295 PMCID: PMC3637117 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tachykinins can have pro-inflammatory as well as healing effects during tissue reorganization and inflammation. Recent studies report an up-regulation in the expression of the substance P (SP)-preferred receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor, in marked muscle inflammation (myositis). There is, however, only very little information on the expression patterns and levels of tachykinins in this situation. Methods The tachykinin system was analyzed using a rabbit experimental model of muscle overuse, whereby unilateral muscle exercise in combination with electrical stimulation led to muscle derangement and myositis in the triceps surae muscle (experimental length 1–6 weeks). Evaluations were made for both parts of the muscle (soleus and gastrocnemius muscles) in experimental and non-experimental (contralateral) sides. Morphologic evaluation, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) analyses were applied. Results Myositis and muscle derangement occurred focally not only in the experimental side but also in the non-experimental side. In the inflammatory areas (focal myositis areas), there were frequent nerve fibers showing tachykinin-like immunoreactivity and which were parts of nerve fascicles and which were freely dispersed in the tissue. Cells in the inflammatory infiltrates showed tachykinin-like immunoreactivity and tachykinin mRNA expression. Specific immunoreactivity and mRNA expression were noted in blood vessel walls of both sides, especially in focally affected areas. With increasing experimental length, we observed an increase in the degree of immunoreactivity in the vessel walls. The EIA analyses showed that the concentration of tachykinin in the tissue on both sides increased in a time-dependent manner. There was a statistical correlation in the concentration of tachykinin and the level of tachykinin immunoreactivity in the blood vessel walls between experimental and non-experimental sides. Conclusions The observations show an up-regulation of the tachykinin system bilaterally during muscle derangement/myositis in response to pronounced unilateral muscle overuse. This up-regulation occurred in inflammatory areas and was related not only to increased tachykinin innervation but also to tachykinin expression in blood vessel walls and inflammatory cells. Importantly, the tachykinin system appears to be an important factor not only ipsilaterally but also contralaterally in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Song
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Vacek TP, Qipshidze N, Tyagi SC. Hydrogen sulfide and sodium nitroprusside compete to activate/deactivate MMPs in bone tissue homogenates. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:117-23. [PMID: 23658491 PMCID: PMC3606042 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s39508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone microvascular remodeling is the primary predictor of bone structure and function. Remodeling by its very nature implies synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Normally, 50% of total protein in the vessel wall is elastin. During remodeling, elastin is degraded by specialized matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because the turnover of elastin is 1000-fold slower than that of collagen, most of the elastin is replaced by stiffer collagen. Stiffer vessels impose pressure on the aortic valve, causing regurgitation and increased pulse pressure. On the other hand, high MMP activity will cause vascular dilatation, leading to aneurysm. Therefore, balanced constitutive remodeling is necessary for adequate bone structure and function. Interestingly, collagen-degrading MMPs are involved in various pathological conditions, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Sodium nitroprusside is a nitric oxide donor that could potentially alter MMP activity via vasodilation in vivo, but can also produce peroxynitrite, which activates MMPs by combining with superoxide. Moreover, hydrogen sulfide is a known antioxidant as well as a vasodilator, and is also speculated to contribute directly to MMP activity. We hypothesized that hydrogen sulfide reduced activity of MMP in ex vivo bone tissue homogenates and that sodium nitroprusside would increase MMP activity in vitro. METHODS We surgically removed the tibia and femur from anesthetized mice, and prepared bone tissue homogenates using a mortar and pestle, measured the protein concentration with a spectrophotometer, and detected MMP activity using gelatin gel zymography. RESULTS Our data showed increased MMP activity at a sodium nitroprusside concentration of 1 μM, and MMP activity increased exponentially. There was a decrease in MMP activity with increasing hydrogen sulfide, beginning at 16 μM (P < 0.01) and continuing to 40 μM. Moreover, sodium nitroprusside 3 μM was able to overcome the decrease in MMP activity that occurred with hydrogen sulfide 40 μM; this resulted in a more pronounced exponential increase in MMP activity. CONCLUSION There are several substances that can potentially be used to decrease MMP activity and to alleviate pathological remodeling by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Vacek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Kempuraj D, Twait EC, Williard DE, Yuan Z, Meyerholz DK, Samuel I. The novel cytokine interleukin-33 activates acinar cell proinflammatory pathways and induces acute pancreatic inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56866. [PMID: 23418608 PMCID: PMC3572073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis is potentially fatal but treatment options are limited as disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. IL-33, a novel IL-1 cytokine family member, plays a role in various inflammatory conditions but its role in acute pancreatitis is not well understood. Specifically, whether pancreatic acinar cells produce IL-33 when stressed or respond to IL-33 stimulation, and whether IL-33 exacerbates acute pancreatic inflammation is unknown. Methods/Results In duct ligation-induced acute pancreatitis in mice and rats, we found that (a) IL-33 concentration was increased in the pancreas; (b) mast cells, which secrete and also respond to IL-33, showed degranulation in the pancreas and lung; (c) plasma histamine and pancreatic substance P concentrations were increased; and (d) pancreatic and pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine concentrations were increased. In isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells, TNF-α stimulation increased IL-33 release while IL-33 stimulation increased proinflammatory cytokine release, both involving the ERK MAP kinase pathway; the flavonoid luteolin inhibited IL-33-stimulated IL-6 and CCL2/MCP-1 release. In mice without duct ligation, exogenous IL-33 administration induced pancreatic inflammation without mast cell degranulation or jejunal inflammation; pancreatic changes included multifocal edema and perivascular infiltration by neutrophils and some macrophages. ERK MAP kinase (but not p38 or JNK) and NF-kB subunit p65 were activated in the pancreas of mice receiving exogenous IL-33, and acinar cells isolated from the pancreas of these mice showed increased spontaneous cytokine release (IL-6, CXCL2/MIP-2α). Also, IL-33 activated ERK in human pancreatic tissue. Significance As exogenous IL-33 does not induce jejunal inflammation in the same mice in which it induces pancreatic inflammation, we have discovered a potential role for an IL-33/acinar cell axis in the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and the exacerbation of acute pancreatic inflammation. Conclusion IL-33 is induced in acute pancreatitis, activates acinar cell proinflammatory pathways and exacerbates acute pancreatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Erik C. Twait
- Department of Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Deborah E. Williard
- Department of Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Zuobiao Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Isaac Samuel
- Department of Surgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mpouzika MDA, Papathanassoglou EDE, Giannakopoulou M, Bozas E, Middleton N, Boti S, Patiraki EI, Karabinis A. Altered serum stress neuropeptide levels in critically ill individuals and associations with lymphocyte populations. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:25-36. [PMID: 22981820 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Potential physiological correlates of stress and the role of stress neuropeptides, other than those of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, in critical illness have not been addressed. We investigated: (a) serum levels of stress neuropeptides (ACTH, substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cortisol, prolactin) in critically ill individuals compared to matched controls, (b) associations with lymphocyte counts, (c) associations among stress neuropeptide levels, and (d) associations with perceived intensity of stress, critical illness severity and survival. METHODS Correlational design with repeated measures. Thirty-six critically ill patients were followed up for 14 days compared to 36 healthy matched controls. Stress was assessed by the ICUESS scale. Correlations, cross-sectional comparisons and multiple regression models were pursued. RESULTS For the first time, we report lower SP (Difference of means (DM) = 2928-3286 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and NPY (DM = 0.77-0.83 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) levels in critically ill individuals compared to controls. Cortisol levels were higher (DM = 140-173 ng/ml, p<0.0001) and lymphocyte population counts (p < 0.002) were lower in patients throughout the study. NPY levels associated with lymphocyte (r = 0.411-0.664, p < 0.04), T-lymphocyte (r = 0.403-0.781, p< 0.05), T-helper (r = 0.492-0.690, p < 0.03) and T-cytotoxic cell populations (r = 0.39-0.740, p < 0.03). On day 1, cortisol levels exhibited associations with lymphocyte (r = -0.452, p = 0.01), T-cell (r = -0.446, p = 0.02), T-helper (r = -0.428, p = 0.026) and T-cytotoxic cells ( r = -0.426, p = 0.027). ACTH levels associated with NK cell counts (r = 0.326-0.441, p < 0.05). Associations among stress neuropeptides levels were observed throughout (p < 0.05). ACTH levels associated with disease severity (r = 0.340-0.387, p < 0.005). A trend for an association between ACTH levels and intensity of stress was noted (r = 0.340, p = 0.057). CONCLUSION The significantly lowered NPY and SP levels and the associations with cortisol, ACTH and lymphocytes suggest that the role of these peptides in critical illness merit further investigation. Future studies need to address associations between these neuropeptides and functional immune cell responses and inflammatory markers in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi D A Mpouzika
- Department of Nursing B, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece.
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Neurokinin-1 receptor agonists bias therapeutic dendritic cells to induce type 1 immunity by licensing host dendritic cells to produce IL-12. Blood 2013; 121:2923-33. [PMID: 23365459 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-446054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance-P and hemokinin-1 are proinflammatory neuropeptides with potential to promote type 1 immunity through agonistic binding to neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that initiate and regulate the outcome of innate and adaptive immune responses. Immunostimulatory DCs are highly desired for the development of positive immunization techniques. DCs express functional NK1R; however, regardless of their potential DC-stimulatory function, the ability of NK1R agonists to promote immunostimulatory DCs remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that NK1R signaling activates therapeutic DCs capable of biasing type 1 immunity by inhibition of interleukin-10 (IL-10) synthesis and secretion, without affecting their low levels of IL-12 production. The potent type 1 effector immune response observed following cutaneous administration of NK1R-signaled DCs required their homing in skin-draining lymph nodes (sDLNs) where they induced inflammation and licensed endogenous-conventional sDLN-resident and -recruited inflammatory DCs to secrete IL-12. Our data demonstrate that NK1R signaling promotes immunostimulatory DCs, and provide relevant insight into the mechanisms used by neuromediators to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses.
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TrivellatoGrassi L, Malheiros A, Meyre-Silva C, Buss ZDS, Monguilhott ED, Fröde TS, da Silva KABS, de Souza MM. From popular use to pharmacological validation: a study of the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and healing effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:127-138. [PMID: 23123797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chenopodium ambrosioides (Amarantaceae) is an annual or perennial plant popularly known as 'erva de Santa Maria', 'mastruço' and 'erva-do-formigueiro'. This herb is used in folk medicine in the form of teas, poultices and infusions for inflammatory problems, contusions and lung infections, and as an anthelmintic and anti-fungal. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to further the understanding of the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of ethanol extract (EE) obtained from the leaves and stems of Chenopodium ambrosioides in animal models of acute pain, inflammation and wound healing, thus supporting its medicinal use for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-nociceptive activity of EE (150-500 mg/kg) was evaluated using the nociception induced by formalin (2.5%), prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE2; 3 nmol/paw), capsaicin (CAP, 1.6 μg/paw) and bradykinin (BK, 10 nmol/paw). The anti-inflammatory activity of EE (150-500 mg/kg) was evaluated in carrageenan- (Cg, 300 μg/paw), PGE(2)- (3 nmol/paw), substance P- (SP, 20 nmol/paw) and BK- (3 nmol/paw) induced paw oedema. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of EE (1%, 3% and 5%) was evaluated in arachidonic acid- (AA, 2mg/ear), oil croton- (1 μg/ear) and CAP- (250 μg/ear) induced ear oedema. The effect of this extract in the inhibition of the influx of neutrophil, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and adenosine-deaminase (ADA) activities and nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-á levels was also determined using the mouse of pleurisy induced by Cg. The excision wound model in rats was used to evaluate the wound healing efficacy of EE (1%, 3% and 5%). To exclude the possible non-specific muscle relaxant or sedative effects of EE, mice motor performance was also evaluated with the rota-rod test. RESULTS EE (5% per ear) was effective in reducing ear oedema induced by croton oil by 78.09%, CAP by 70.85% and AA by 77.02%. EE (500 mg/kg; p.o.) also significantly inhibited paw oedema induced by Cg by 40%, PGE(2) by 51%, SP by 56% and BK by 57%. EE (500 mg/kg; p.o.) inhibited the cell influx of leucocytes by 78% and neutrophils by 53%, MPO activity by 62.22% and ADA activity by 23.07%, as well as NO by 77.77% and TNF-á levels by 50% in the fluid leakage due to the carrageenan-induced pleurisy. EE also inhibited the formalin-induced nociceptive in both phases of pain (neurogenic and inflammatory) at a dose of 500 mg/kg, resulting in inhibitions of 77.39% and 95.60%, respectively. EE (500 mg/kg; p.o.) was also effective in inhibiting the nociception induced by PGE(2) (68%), CAP (53%) and BK (32%). Topical application of EE (5%) on excision wounds caused a significant reduction in wound area when compared with the untreated controls. Finally, treatment with EE (150-500 mg/kg) did not show any significant alterations in motor performance or body temperature compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results, including the inhibition of mediators (BK, NO, SP, PGE(2) and TNF-á) and enzyme (MPO and ADA) activity, validate the use of the plant under study for therapeutic treatment of anti-inflammatory, painful and wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane TrivellatoGrassi
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Bhatia M. Role of hydrogen sulfide in the pathology of inflammation. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:159680. [PMID: 24278674 PMCID: PMC3820548 DOI: 10.6064/2012/159680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known toxic gas that is synthesized in the human body from the amino acids cystathionine, homocysteine, and cysteine by the action of at least two distinct enzymes: cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase. In the past few years, H2S has emerged as a novel and increasingly important biological mediator. Imbalances in H2S have also been shown to be associated with various disease conditions. However, defining the precise pathophysiology of H2S is proving to be a complex challenge. Recent research in our laboratory has shown H2S as a novel mediator of inflammation and work in several groups worldwide is currently focused on determining the role of H2S in inflammation. H2S has been implicated in different inflammatory conditions, such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, joint inflammation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Active research on the role of H2S in inflammation will unravel the pathophysiology of its actions in inflammatory conditions and may help develop novel therapeutic approaches for several, as yet incurable, disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Liu YH, Lu M, Hu LF, Wong PTH, Webb GD, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide in the mammalian cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:141-85. [PMID: 22304473 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been regarded as a toxic gas. This review surveys the growing recognition of the role of H(2)S as an endogenous signaling molecule in mammals, with emphasis on its physiological and pathological pathways in the cardiovascular system. In biological fluids, H(2)S gas is a weak acid that exists as about 15% H(2)S, 85% HS(-), and a trace of S(2-). Here, we use "H(2)S" to refer to this mixture. H(2)S has been found to influence heart contractile functions and may serve as a cardioprotectant for treating ischemic heart diseases and heart failure. Alterations of the endogenous H(2)S level have been found in animal models with various pathological conditions such as myocardial ischemia, spontaneous hypertension, and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In the vascular system, H(2)S exerts biphasic regulation of a vascular tone with varying effects based on its concentration and in the presence of nitric oxide. Over the past decade, several H(2)S-releasing compounds (NaHS, Na(2)S, GYY4137, etc.) have been utilized to test the effect of exogenous H(2)S under different physiological and pathological situations in vivo and in vitro. H(2)S has been found to promote angiogenesis and to protect against atherosclerosis and hypertension, while excess H(2)S may promote inflammation in septic or hemorrhagic shock. H(2)S-releasing compounds and inhibitors of H(2)S synthesis hold promise in alleviating specific disease conditions. This comprehensive review covers in detail the effects of H(2)S on the cardiovascular system, especially in disease situations, and also the various underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Weinstock LB, Walters AS, Paueksakon P. Restless legs syndrome--theoretical roles of inflammatory and immune mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev 2012; 16:341-54. [PMID: 22258033 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Theories for restless legs syndrome (RLS) pathogenesis include iron deficiency, dopamine dysregulation and peripheral neuropathy. Increased prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in controlled studies in RLS and case reports of post-infectious RLS suggest potential roles for inflammation and immunological alterations. A literature search for all conditions associated with RLS was performed. These included secondary RLS disorders and factors that may exacerbate RLS. All of these conditions were reviewed with respect to potential pathogenesis including reports of iron deficiency, neuropathy, SIBO, inflammation and immune changes. A condition was defined as highly-associated if there was a prevalence study that utilized an appropriate control group. Small case reports were recorded but not included as definite RLS-associated conditions. Fifty four diseases, syndromes and conditions have been reported to cause and/or exacerbate RLS. Of these, 38 have been reported to have a higher prevalence than age-matched controls, 9 have adequate sized reports and have general acceptance as RLS-associated conditions and 7 have been reported in case report form. Overall, 42 of the 47 RLS-associated conditions (89%) have also been associated with inflammatory and/or immune changes. In addition, 43% have been associated with peripheral iron deficiency, 40% with peripheral neuropathy and 32% with SIBO. Most of the remaining conditions have yet to be studied for these factors. The fact that 95% of the 38 highly-associated RLS conditions are also associated with inflammatory/immune changes suggests the possibility that RLS may be mediated or affected through these mechanisms. Inflammation can be responsible for iron deficiency and hypothetically could cause central nervous system iron deficiency-induced RLS. Alternatively, an immune reaction to gastrointestinal bacteria or other antigens may hypothetically cause RLS by a direct immunological attack on the central or peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard B Weinstock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Effects of intravenous sulfide during porcine aortic occlusion-induced kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. Shock 2011; 35:156-63. [PMID: 20661185 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181f0dc91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, inhaled H2S and injection of H2S donors protected against kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. During porcine aortic occlusion, the H2S donor Na2S (sulfide) reduced energy expenditure and decreased the noradrenaline requirements needed to maintain hemodynamic targets during early reperfusion. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether sulfide pretreatment may also ameliorate organ function in porcine aortic occlusion-induced kidney I/R injury. Anesthetized, ventilated, and instrumented pigs randomly received either sulfide or vehicle and underwent 90 min of kidney ischemia using intraaortic balloon-occlusion, and 8 h of reperfusion. During reperfusion, noradrenaline was titrated to maintain blood pressure at baseline levels. Sulfide attenuated the fall in creatinine clearance and the rise in creatinine blood levels, whereas renal blood flow and fractional Na+ excretion were comparable. Sulfide also lowered the blood IL-6, IL-1β, and nitrite + nitrate concentrations, which coincided with reduced kidney oxidative DNA base damage and iNOS expression, and attenuated glomerular histological injury as assessed by the incidence of glomerular tubularization. While expression of heme oxygenase 1 and cleaved caspase 3 did not differ, sulfide reduced the expression Bcl-xL and increased the activation of nuclear transcription factor κB. During porcine aortic occlusion-induced kidney I/R injury, sulfide pretreatment attenuated tissue injury and organ dysfunction as a result of reduced inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress. The higher nuclear transcription factor κB activation was probably due to the drop in temperature.
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di Villa Bianca RD, Coletta C, Mitidieri E, De Dominicis G, Rossi A, Sautebin L, Cirino G, Bucci M, Sorrentino R. Hydrogen sulphide induces mouse paw oedema through activation of phospholipase A2. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:1835-42. [PMID: 20825409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S), considered as a novel gas transmitter, is produced endogenously in mammalian tissue from L-cysteine by two enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase. Recently, it has been reported that H(2)S contributes to the local and systemic inflammation in several experimental animal models. We conducted this study to investigate on the signalling involved in H(2)S-induced inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH L-cysteine or sodium hydrogen sulphide (NaHS) was injected into the mouse hind paw and oedema formation was evaluated for 60 min. In order to investigate H(2)S-induced oedema formation, we used 5-HT and histamine receptor antagonists, and inhibitors of K(ATP) channels or arachidonic acid cascade. Prostaglandin levels were determined in hind paw exudates by radioimmunoassay. Paws injected with L-cysteine or NaHS were examined by histological methods. KEY RESULTS Both NaHS and L-cysteine caused oedema characterized by a fast onset which peaked at 30 min. This oedematogenic action was not associated with histamine or 5-HT release or K(ATP) channel activation. However, oedema formation was significantly inhibited by the inhibition of cyclooxygenases and selective inhibition of phospholipase A(2). Prostaglandin levels were significantly increased in exudates of hind paw injected with NaHS or L-cysteine. The histological examination clearly showed an inflammatory state with a loss of tissue organization following NaHS or L-cysteine injection. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Phospholipase A(2) and prostaglandin production are involved in pro-inflammatory effects of H(2)S in mouse hind paws. The present study contributes to the understanding of the role of L-cysteine/H(2)S pathway in inflammatory disease.
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Fukushima O, Nishimura S, Matsunami M, Aoki Y, Nishikawa H, Ishikura H, Kawabata A. Phosphorylation of ERK in the spinal dorsal horn following pancreatic pronociceptive stimuli with proteinase-activated receptor-2 agonists and hydrogen sulfide in rats: Evidence for involvement of distinct mechanisms. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:3198-205. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
The last two decades have seen one of the greatest excitements and discoveries in science, gasotransmitters in biology and medicine. Leading the trend by nitric oxide and extending the trudge by carbon monoxide, here comes hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) who builds up the momentum as the third gasotransmitter. Being produced by different cells and tissues in our body, H(2)S, alone or together with the other two gasotransmitters, regulates an array of physiological processes and plays important roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases from neurodegenerative diseases to diabetes or heart failure, to name a few. As a journal dedicated to serve the emergent and challenging field of H(2)S biology and medicine, Antioxidant and Redox Signaling assembles the most recent discoveries and most provoking ideas from leading scientists in H(2)S fields, which were communicated in the First International Conference of H(2)S in Biology and Medicine, and brings them to our readers in two Forum Issues. Through intellectual exchange and intelligent challenge with an open-mind approach, we can reasonably expect that sooner rather than later the exploration of metabolism and function of H(2)S will provide solutions for many of the biological mysteries of life and pave way for the arrival of many more gasotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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