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Webster CM, Shepherd M. The nitric oxide paradox: antimicrobial and inhibitor of antibiotic efficacy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:37-43. [PMID: 37975610 PMCID: PMC10903473 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that antibiotics target energy-consuming processes and a significant body of research now supports the conclusion that the metabolic state of bacteria can have a profound impact upon the efficacy of antibiotics. Several articles implicate bacterial energetics and the respiratory inhibitor nitric oxide (NO) in this process, although pinpointing the precise mechanism for how NO can diminish the potency of a range of antibiotics through modulating bacterial energy metabolism has proved challenging. Herein, we introduce the role of NO during infection, consider known links between NO and antibiotic efficacy, and discuss potential mechanisms via which NO present at the site of infection could mediate these effects through controlling bacterial energetics. This perspective article highlights an important relationship between NO and antibiotic action that has largely been overlooked and outlines future considerations for the development of new drugs and therapies that target bacterial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum M Webster
- School of Biosciences, RAPID Group, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Mark Shepherd
- School of Biosciences, RAPID Group, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
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2
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Xu LC, Siedlecki CA. Surface Texturing and Combinatorial Approaches to Improve Biocompatibility of Implanted Biomaterials. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2022; 10:994438. [PMID: 38250242 PMCID: PMC10798815 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2022.994438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterial associated microbial infection and blood thrombosis are two of the barriers that inhibit the successful use of implantable medical devices in modern healthcare. Modification of surface topography is a promising approach to combat microbial infection and thrombosis without altering bulk material properties necessary for device function and without contributing to bacterial antibiotic resistance. Similarly, the use of other antimicrobial techniques such as grafting poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and nitric oxide (NO) release also improve the biocompatibility of biomaterials. In this review, we discuss the development of surface texturing techniques utilizing ordered submicron-size pillars for controlling bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and we present combinatorial approaches utilizing surface texturing in combination with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafting and NO release to improve the biocompatibility of biomaterials. The manuscript also discusses efforts towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of bacterial adhesion responses to the surface texturing and NO releasing biomaterials, focusing on experimental aspects of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Christopher A. Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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3
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The Evolution of Nitric Oxide Function: From Reactivity in the Prebiotic Earth to Examples of Biological Roles and Therapeutic Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071222. [PMID: 35883712 PMCID: PMC9311577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide was once considered to be of marginal interest to the biological sciences and medicine; however, there is now wide recognition, but not yet a comprehensive understanding, of its functions and effects. NO is a reactive, toxic free radical with numerous biological targets, especially metal ions. However, NO and its reaction products also play key roles as reductant and oxidant in biological redox processes, in signal transduction, immunity and infection, as well as other roles. Consequently, it can be sensed, metabolized and modified in biological systems. Here, we present a brief overview of the chemistry and biology of NO—in particular, its origins in geological time and in contemporary biology, its toxic consequences and its critical biological functions. Given that NO, with its intrinsic reactivity, appeared in the early Earth’s atmosphere before the evolution of complex lifeforms, we speculate that the potential for toxicity preceded biological function. To examine this hypothesis, we consider the nature of non-biological and biological targets of NO, the evolution of biological mechanisms for NO detoxification, and how living organisms generate this multifunctional gas.
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4
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Vanin AF, Telegina VI, Mikoyan VD, Tkachev NA, Vasilieva SV. The Cytostatic Action of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes with Glutathione on Escherichia coli Cells Is Mediated by Nitrosonium Cations Released from These Complexes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022; 67:761-767. [PMID: 36567970 PMCID: PMC9762666 DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922050207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates a bacteriostatic effect of binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione on Escherichia coli TN300 cells. It has been quantified by the colony formation assay. The bacteriostatic effect exerted by these complexes increases considerably in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate. Our results suggest that this effect is caused by the intense release of nitrosonium cations, NO+, from the complexes, which decompose under the action of diethyldithiocarbamate. A similar effect is observed when E. coli cells are treated with diethyldithiocarbamate 40 min after the addition of sodium nitrite or S-nitrosoglutathione. Notably, the level of dinitrosyl iron complexes observed in the bacterial cells due to the effects of sodium nitrite or S-nitrosoglutathione is almost the same as that obtained after treatment with glutathione-containing complexes. The bacteriostatic effects of the NO molecules released from nitrite or S-nitrosoglutathione during their brief interaction with bacteria were significantly smaller than the bacteriostatic effect of NO+. We deduce therefrom that the nitrosonium cations released from DNICs are responsible for the observed bacteriostatic effect of these complexes in E. coli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Vanin
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. I. Telegina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. D. Mikoyan
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. A. Tkachev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - S. V. Vasilieva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Coexistence of multiple globin genes conferring protection against nitrosative stress to the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Nitric Oxide 2018; 73:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Effect of CO 2 on Peroxynitrite-Mediated Bacteria Killing: Response to Tsikas et al. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:602-603. [PMID: 28610877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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7
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Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation by dual functional textured and nitric oxide releasing surfaces. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:53-65. [PMID: 28087484 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In separate prior studies, physical topographic surface modification or nitric oxide (NO) release has been demonstrated to each be an effective approach to inhibit and control bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on polymeric surfaces. Such approaches can prevent biomaterial-associated infection without causing the antibiotic resistance of the strain. In this work, both techniques were successfully integrated and applied to a polyurethane (PU) biomaterial surface that bears ordered pillar topographies (400/400nm and 500/500nm patterns) at the top surface and a S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, NO donor) doped sub-layer in the middle, via a soft lithography two-stage replication process. Upon placing the SNAP textured PU films into PBS at 37°C, the decomposition of SNAP within polymer film initiates NO release with a lifetime of up to 10days at flux levels >0.5×10-10molmin-1cm-2 for a textured polyurethane layer containing 15wt% SNAP. The textured surface reduces the accessible surface area and the opportunity of bacteria-surface interaction, while the NO release from the same surface further inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Such dual functionality surfaces are shown to provide a synergistic effect on inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial adhesion that is significantly greater than the inhibition of bacterial adhesion achieved by either single treatment approach alone. Longer term experiments to observe biofilm formation demonstrate that the SNAP doped-textured PU surface can inhibit the biofilm formation for >28d and provide a practical approach to improve the biocompatibility of current biomimetic biomaterials and thereby reduce the risk of pathogenic infection. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Microbial infection remains a significant barrier to development and implementation of advanced blood-contacting medical devices. Clearly, determining how to design and control material properties that can reduce microbial infection is a central question to biomaterial researchers. In separate prior studies, physical topographic surface modification or nitric oxide (NO) release has been demonstrated to each be an effective approach to inhibit and control bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on polymeric surfaces. Such approaches can prevent biomaterial-associated infection without causing antibiotic resistance of the bacterial strain. However, efficiency of antimicrobial properties of each approach is still limited and far from sufficient for widespread clinical use. This work successfully integrates both techniques and applies them to a polyurethane (PU) biomaterial surface that bears dual functions, surface topographic modification and NO release. The former reduces the surface contact area and changes surface wettability, resulting in reduction of bacterial adhesion, and NO release further inhibits bacteria growth. Such dual functionalized surfaces provide a synergistic effect on inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial adhesion that is significantly greater than the inhibition of bacterial adhesion achieved by either single treatment approach alone. Furthermore, longer-term experiments demonstrate that the dual functionalized surfaces can inhibit biofilm formation for >28days. The success of this work provides a practical approach to improve the biocompatibility of current biomaterials and thereby reduce the risk of pathogenic infection.
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Oleskin AV, Shenderov BA. Neuromodulatory effects and targets of the SCFAs and gasotransmitters produced by the human symbiotic microbiota. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2016; 27:30971. [PMID: 27389418 PMCID: PMC4937721 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v27.30971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of the host organism. Its physiological, biochemical, behavioral, and communicative effects are mediated by multiple low molecular weight compounds. Recent data on small molecules produced by gut microbiota in mammalian organisms demonstrate the paramount importance of these biologically active molecules in terms of biology and medicine. Many of these molecules are pleiotropic mediators exerting effects on various tissues and organs. This review is focused on the functional roles of gaseous molecules that perform neuromediator and/or endocrine functions. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of microbial fermentation-derived gaseous metabolites are not well understood. It is possible that these metabolites produce their effects via immunological, biochemical, and neuroendocrine mechanisms that involve endogenous and microbial modulators and transmitters; of considerable importance are also changes in epigenetic transcriptional factors, protein post-translational modification, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and ion channel/gap junction/transporter regulation. Recent findings have revealed that interactivity among such modulators/transmitters is a prerequisite for the ongoing dialog between microbial cells and host cells, including neurons. Using simple reliable methods for the detection and measurement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and small gaseous molecules in eukaryotic tissues and prokaryotic cells, selective inhibitors of enzymes that participate in their synthesis, as well as safe chemical and microbial donors of pleiotropic mediators and modulators of host intestinal microbial ecology, should enable us to apply these chemicals as novel therapeutics and medical research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Oleskin
- General Ecology Department, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris A Shenderov
- Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology after G.N. Gabrichevsky, Moscow, Russia; ;
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9
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Lafaye C, Van Molle I, Tamu Dufe V, Wahni K, Boudier A, Leroy P, Collet JF, Messens J. Sulfur Denitrosylation by an Engineered Trx-like DsbG Enzyme Identifies Nucleophilic Cysteine Hydrogen Bonds as Key Functional Determinant. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15020-8. [PMID: 27226614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of bacteria to NO results in the nitrosylation of cysteine thiols in proteins and low molecular weight thiols such as GSH. The cells possess enzymatic systems that catalyze the denitrosylation of these modified sulfurs. An important player in these systems is thioredoxin (Trx), a ubiquitous, cytoplasmic oxidoreductase that can denitrosylate proteins in vivo and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in vitro However, a periplasmic or extracellular denitrosylase has not been identified, raising the question of how extracytoplasmic proteins are repaired after nitrosative damage. In this study, we tested whether DsbG and DsbC, two Trx family proteins that function in reducing pathways in the Escherichia coli periplasm, also possess denitrosylating activity. Both DsbG and DsbC are poorly reactive toward GSNO. Moreover, DsbG is unable to denitrosylate its specific substrate protein, YbiS. Remarkably, by borrowing the CGPC active site of E. coli Trx-1 in combination with a T200M point mutation, we transformed DsbG into an enzyme highly reactive toward GSNO and YbiS. The pKa of the nucleophilic cysteine, as well as the redox and thermodynamic properties of the engineered DsbG are dramatically changed and become similar to those of E. coli Trx-1. X-ray structural insights suggest that this results from a loss of two direct hydrogen bonds to the nucleophilic cysteine sulfur in the DsbG mutant. Our results highlight the plasticity of the Trx structural fold and reveal that the subtle change of the number of hydrogen bonds in the active site of Trx-like proteins is the key factor that thermodynamically controls reactivity toward nitrosylated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lafaye
- From the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium, WELBIO, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium, the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Van Molle
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and
| | - Veronica Tamu Dufe
- From the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium, WELBIO, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium, the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and
| | - Khadija Wahni
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and
| | - Ariane Boudier
- the Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Leroy
- the Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-François Collet
- From the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium, WELBIO, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium, the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Joris Messens
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and
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10
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Kondakova T, Catovic C, Barreau M, Nusser M, Brenner-Weiss G, Chevalier S, Dionnet F, Orange N, Poc CD. Response to Gaseous NO2 Air Pollutant of P. fluorescens Airborne Strain MFAF76a and Clinical Strain MFN1032. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:379. [PMID: 27065229 PMCID: PMC4814523 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an air pollutant of increasing interest in biology, results in several toxic effects to human health and also to the air microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial response to gaseous NO2. Two Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, namely the airborne strain MFAF76a and the clinical strain MFN1032 were exposed to 0.1, 5, or 45 ppm concentrations of NO2, and their effects on bacteria were evaluated in terms of motility, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, as well as expression of several chosen target genes. While 0.1 and 5 ppm of NO2did not lead to any detectable modification in the studied phenotypes of the two bacteria, several alterations were observed when the bacteria were exposed to 45 ppm of gaseous NO2. We thus chose to focus on this high concentration. NO2-exposed P. fluorescens strains showed reduced swimming motility, and decreased swarming in case of the strain MFN1032. Biofilm formed by NO2-treated airborne strain MFAF76a showed increased maximum thickness compared to non-treated cells, while NO2 had no apparent effect on the clinical MFN1032 biofilm structure. It is well known that biofilm and motility are inversely regulated by intracellular c-di-GMP level. The c-di-GMP level was however not affected in response to NO2 treatment. Finally, NO2-exposed P. fluorescens strains were found to be more resistant to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Accordingly, the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) MexEF-OprN efflux pump encoding genes were highly upregulated in the two P. fluorescens strains. Noticeably, similar phenotypes had been previously observed following a NO treatment. Interestingly, an hmp-homolog gene in P. fluorescens strains MFAF76a and MFN1032 encodes a NO dioxygenase that is involved in NO detoxification into nitrites. Its expression was upregulated in response to NO2, suggesting a possible common pathway between NO and NO2 detoxification. Taken together, our study provides evidences for the bacterial response to NO2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kondakova
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen, SéSa, IRIBEvreux, France; Aerothermic and Internal Combustion Engine Technological Research CentreSaint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Chloé Catovic
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen, SéSa, IRIB Evreux, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen, SéSa, IRIB Evreux, France
| | - Michael Nusser
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiss
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen, SéSa, IRIB Evreux, France
| | - Frédéric Dionnet
- Aerothermic and Internal Combustion Engine Technological Research Centre Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Nicole Orange
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen, SéSa, IRIB Evreux, France
| | - Cécile Duclairoir Poc
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment EA 4312, Normandy University, University of Rouen, SéSa, IRIB Evreux, France
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11
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Park YM, Lee HJ, Jeong JH, Kook JK, Choy HE, Hahn TW, Bang IS. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation promotes aerobic growth of Salmonella Typhimurium under nitrosative stress conditions. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:1117-27. [PMID: 26374245 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) inactivates iron-sulfur enzymes in bacterial amino acid biosynthetic pathways, causing amino acid auxotrophy. We demonstrate that exogenous supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) can restore the NO resistance of hmp mutant Salmonella Typhimurium lacking principal NO-metabolizing enzyme flavohemoglobin, and of mutants further lacking iron-sulfur enzymes dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (IlvD) and isopropylmalate isomerase (LeuCD) that are essential for BCAA biosynthesis, in an oxygen-dependent manner. BCAA supplementation did not affect the NO consumption rate of S. Typhimurium, suggesting the BCAA-promoted NO resistance independent of NO metabolism. BCAA supplementation also induced intracellular survival of ilvD and leuCD mutants at wild-type levels inside RAW 264.7 macrophages that produce constant amounts of NO regardless of varied supplemental BCAA concentrations. Our results suggest that the NO-induced BCAA auxotrophy of Salmonella, due to inactivation of iron-sulfur enzymes for BCAA biosynthesis, could be rescued by bacterial taking up exogenous BCAA available in oxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Ki Kook
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E Choy
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Iel Soo Bang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Safar R, Ronzani C, Diab R, Chevrier J, Bensoussan D, Grandemange S, Le Faou A, Rihn BH, Joubert O. Human Monocyte Response to S-Nitrosoglutathione-Loaded Nanoparticles: Uptake, Viability, and Transcriptome. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:554-61. [DOI: 10.1021/mp5006382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramia Safar
- Faculté
de Pharmacie de Nancy, EA 3452 Cithéfor, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Carole Ronzani
- Faculté
de Pharmacie de Nancy, EA 3452 Cithéfor, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Roudayna Diab
- Faculté
de Pharmacie de Nancy, EA 3452 Cithéfor, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Jérôme Chevrier
- Faculté
de Médecine, Service Commun de Microscopie, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Danièle Bensoussan
- Unité
de Thérapie Cellulaire et tissus, CHU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Alain Le Faou
- Faculté
de Pharmacie de Nancy, EA 3452 Cithéfor, Université de Lorraine, France
- Faculté
de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Bertrand H. Rihn
- Faculté
de Pharmacie de Nancy, EA 3452 Cithéfor, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Faculté
de Pharmacie de Nancy, EA 3452 Cithéfor, Université de Lorraine, France
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13
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Tinajero-Trejo M, Jesse HE, Poole RK. Gasotransmitters, poisons, and antimicrobials: it's a gas, gas, gas! F1000PRIME REPORTS 2013; 5:28. [PMID: 23967379 PMCID: PMC3732073 DOI: 10.12703/p5-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We review recent examples of the burgeoning literature on three gases that have major impacts in biology and microbiology. NO, CO and H2S are now co-classified as endogenous gasotransmitters with profound effects on mammalian physiology and, potentially, major implications in therapeutic applications. All are well known to be toxic yet, at tiny concentrations in human and cell biology, play key signalling and regulatory functions. All may also be endogenously generated in microbes. NO and H2S share the property of being biochemically detoxified, yet are beneficial in resisting the bactericidal properties of antibiotics. The mechanism underlying this protection is currently under debate. CO, in contrast, is not readily removed; mounting evidence shows that CO, and especially organic donor compounds that release the gas in biological environments, are themselves effective, novel antimicrobial agents.
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14
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Hernansanz-Agustín P, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, García-Ortiz A, Ibiza S, Serrador JM, Martínez-Ruiz A. Nitrosothiols in the immune system: signaling and protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:288-308. [PMID: 22746191 PMCID: PMC3518543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the immune system, nitric oxide (NO) has been mainly associated with antibacterial defenses exerted through oxidative, nitrosative, and nitrative stress and signal transduction through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. However, S-nitrosylation is emerging as a post-translational modification (PTM) involved in NO-mediated cell signaling. RECENT ADVANCES Precise roles for S-nitrosylation in signaling pathways have been described both for innate and adaptive immunity. Denitrosylation may protect macrophages from their own S-nitrosylation, while maintaining nitrosative stress compartmentalized in the phagosomes. Nitrosothiols have also been shown to be beneficial in experimental models of autoimmune diseases, mainly through their role in modulating T-cell differentiation and function. CRITICAL ISSUES Relationship between S-nitrosylation, other thiol redox PTMs, and other NO-signaling pathways has not been always taken into account, particularly in the context of immune responses. Methods for assaying S-nitrosylation in individual proteins and proteomic approaches to study the S-nitrosoproteome are constantly being improved, which helps to move this field forward. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrated studies of signaling pathways in the immune system should consider whether S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation processes are among the PTMs influencing the activity of key signaling and adaptor proteins. Studies in pathophysiological scenarios will also be of interest to put these mechanisms into broader contexts. Interventions modulating nitrosothiol levels in autoimmune disease could be investigated with a view to developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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Vinogradov SN, Bailly X, Smith DR, Tinajero-Trejo M, Poole RK, Hoogewijs D. Microbial eukaryote globins. Adv Microb Physiol 2013; 63:391-446. [PMID: 24054801 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407693-8.00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A bioinformatics survey of about 120 protist and 240 fungal genomes and transcriptomes revealed a broad array of globins, representing five of the eight subfamilies identified in bacteria. Most conspicuous is the absence of protoglobins and globin-coupled sensors, except for a two-domain globin in Leishmanias, that comprises a nucleotidyl cyclase domain, and the virtual absence of truncated group 3 globins. In contrast to bacteria, co-occurrence of more than two globin subfamilies appears to be rare in protists. Although globins were lacking in the Apicomplexa and the Microsporidia intracellular pathogens, they occurred in the pathogenic Trypanosomatidae, Stramenopiles and certain fungi. Flavohaemoglobins (FHbs) and related single-domain globins occur across the protist groups. Fungi are unique in having FHbs co-occurring with sensor single-domain globins (SSDgbs). Obligately biotrophic fungi covered in our analysis lack globins. Furthermore, SSDgbs occur only in a heterolobosean amoeba, Naegleria and the stramenopile Hyphochytrium. Of the three subfamilies of truncated Mb-fold globins, TrHb1s appear to be the most widespread, occurring as multiple copies in chlorophyte and ciliophora genomes, many as multidomain proteins. Although the ciliates appear to have only TrHb1s, the chlorophytes have Mb-like globins and TrHb2s, both closely related to the corresponding plant globins. The presently available number of protist genomes is inadequate to provide a definitive census of their globins. Bayesian molecular analyses of single-domain 3/3 Mb-fold globins suggest a close relationship of chlorophyte and haptophyte globins, including choanoflagellate and Capsaspora globins to land plant symbiotic and non-symbiotic haemoglobins and to vertebrate neuroglobins.
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Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that is exposed to reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide, from a variety of sources. To combat the toxic effects of this nitrosative stress, C. jejuni upregulates a small regulon under the control of the transcriptional activator NssR, which positively regulates the expression of a single-domain globin protein (Cgb) and a truncated globin protein (Ctb). Cgb has previously been shown to detoxify nitric oxide, but the role of Ctb remains contentious. As C. jejuni is amenable to genetic manipulation, and its globin proteins are easily expressed and purified, a combination of mutagenesis, complementation, transcriptomics, spectroscopic characterisation and structural analyses has been used to probe the regulation, function and structure of Cgb and Ctb. This ability to study Cgb and Ctb with such a multi-pronged approach is a valuable asset, especially since only a small fraction of known globin proteins have been functionally characterised.
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