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Paterna A, Santonicola P, Di Prima G, Rao E, Raccosta S, Zampi G, Russo C, Moran O, Manno M, Di Schiavi E, Librizzi F, Carrotta R. α S1-Casein-Loaded Proteo-liposomes as Potential Inhibitors in Amyloid Fibrillogenesis: In Vivo Effects on a C. elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3894-3904. [PMID: 37847529 PMCID: PMC10623563 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the amyloid hypothesis, in the early phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD), small soluble prefibrillar aggregates of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) interact with neuronal membranes, causing neural impairment. Such highly reactive and toxic species form spontaneously and transiently in the amyloid building pathway. A therapeutic strategy consists of the recruitment of these intermediates, thus preventing aberrant interaction with membrane components (lipids and receptors), which in turn may trigger a cascade of cellular disequilibria. Milk αs1-Casein is an intrinsically disordered protein that is able to inhibit Aβ amyloid aggregation in vitro, by sequestering transient species. In order to test αs1-Casein as an inhibitor for the treatment of AD, it needs to be delivered in the place of action. Here, we demonstrate the use of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) as suitable nanocarriers for αs1-Casein. Proteo-LUVs were prepared and characterized by different biophysical techniques, such as multiangle light scattering, atomic force imaging, and small-angle X-ray scattering; αs1-Casein loading was quantified by a fluorescence assay. We demonstrated on a C. elegans AD model the effectiveness of the proposed delivery strategy in vivo. Proteo-LUVs allow efficient administration of the protein, exerting a positive functional readout at very low doses while avoiding the intrinsic toxicity of αs1-Casein. Proteo-LUVs of αs1-Casein represent an effective proof of concept for the exploitation of partially disordered proteins as a therapeutic strategy in mild AD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Paterna
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pamela Santonicola
- Institute
of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Napoli, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Prima
- Department
of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Estella Rao
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Zampi
- Institute
of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Napoli, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario in Ingegneria e Medicina (COIIM), Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Oscar Moran
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Genova, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute
of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Napoli, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Librizzi
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Carrotta
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, Division of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Schepers J, Carter Z, Kritsiligkou P, Grant CM. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases Suppress the Formation of the [ PSI+] Prion and Protein Aggregation in Yeast. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020401. [PMID: 36829961 PMCID: PMC9952077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions are self-propagating, misfolded forms of proteins associated with various neurodegenerative diseases in mammals and heritable traits in yeast. How prions form spontaneously into infectious amyloid-like structures without underlying genetic changes is poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that methionine oxidation may underlie the switch from a soluble protein to the prion form. In this current study, we have examined the role of methionine sulfoxide reductases (MXRs) in protecting against de novo formation of the yeast [PSI+] prion, which is the amyloid form of the Sup35 translation termination factor. We show that [PSI+] formation is increased during normal and oxidative stress conditions in mutants lacking either one of the yeast MXRs (Mxr1, Mxr2), which protect against methionine oxidation by reducing the two epimers of methionine-S-sulfoxide. We have identified a methionine residue (Met124) in Sup35 that is important for prion formation, confirming that direct Sup35 oxidation causes [PSI+] prion formation. [PSI+] formation was less pronounced in mutants simultaneously lacking both MXR isoenzymes, and we show that the morphology and biophysical properties of protein aggregates are altered in this mutant. Taken together, our data indicate that methionine oxidation triggers spontaneous [PSI+] prion formation, which can be alleviated by methionine sulfoxide reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schepers
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zorana Carter
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paraskevi Kritsiligkou
- Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chris M. Grant
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence:
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3
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On the electrochemical oxidation of methionine residues of proteins. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Sanguanphun T, Sornkaew N, Malaiwong N, Chalorak P, Jattujan P, Niamnont N, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Neuroprotective effects of a medium chain fatty acid, decanoic acid, isolated from H. leucospilota against Parkinsonism in C. elegans PD model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004568. [PMID: 36582526 PMCID: PMC9792845 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are marine organism that have long been used for food and traditional medicine in Asian countries. Recently, we have shown that ethyl acetate fraction (HLEA) of the crude extract of the black sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota, could alleviate Parkinsonism in Caenorhabditis elegans PD models. In this study, we found that the effective neuroprotective activity is attributed to HLEA-P1 compound chemically isolated and identified in H. leucospilota ethyl acetate. We reported here that HLEA-P1 could attenuate DAergic neurodegeneration, improve DAergic-dependent behaviors, reduce oxidative stress in 6-OHDA-induced C. elegans. In addition, HLEA-P1 reduced α-synuclein aggregation, improved behavior deficit and recovered lipid deposition in transgenic C. elegans overexpressing α-synuclein. We also found that HLEA-P1 activates nuclear localization of DAF-16 transcription factor of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. Treatment with 25 μg/ml of HLEA-P1 upregulated transcriptional activity of DAF-16 target genes including anti-oxidant genes (such as sod-3) and small heat shock proteins (such as hsp16.1, hsp16.2, and hsp12.6) in 6-OHDA-induced worms. In α-synuclein-overexpressed C. elegans strain, treatment with 5 μg/ml of HLEA-P1 significantly activated mRNA expression of sod-3 and hsp16.2. Chemical analysis demonstrated that HLEA-P1 compound is decanoic acid/capric acid. Taken together, our findings revealed that decanoic acid isolated from H. leucospilota exerts anti-Parkinson effect in C. elegans PD models by partly modulating IIS/DAF-16 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanatcha Sanguanphun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Sornkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawaphat Malaiwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawanrat Chalorak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Radiological Technology and Medical Physics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Jattujan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Krai Meemon,
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5
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Holubiec MI, Gellert M, Hanschmann EM. Redox signaling and metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1003721. [PMID: 36408110 PMCID: PMC9670316 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1003721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction and oxidation reactions are essential for biochemical processes. They are part of metabolic pathways and signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as second messengers and oxidative modifications of cysteinyl (Cys) residues are key to transduce and translate intracellular and intercellular signals. Dysregulation of cellular redox signaling is known as oxidative distress, which has been linked to various pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology linked to both, abnormal amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, generating Aβ peptide, and Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. Signs of oxidative distress in AD include: increase of ROS (H2O2, O2 •-), decrease of the levels or activities of antioxidant enzymes, abnormal oxidation of macromolecules related to elevated Aβ production, and changes in mitochondrial homeostasis linked to Tau phosphorylation. Interestingly, Cys residues present in APP form disulfide bonds that are important for intermolecular interactions and might be involved in the aggregation of Aβ. Moreover, two Cys residues in some Tau isoforms have been shown to be essential for Tau stabilization and its interaction with microtubules. Future research will show the complexities of Tau, its interactome, and the role that Cys residues play in the progression of AD. The specific modification of cysteinyl residues in redox signaling is also tightly connected to the regulation of various metabolic pathways. Many of these pathways have been found to be altered in AD, even at very early stages. In order to analyze the complex changes and underlying mechanisms, several AD models have been developed, including animal models, 2D and 3D cell culture, and ex-vivo studies of patient samples. The use of these models along with innovative, new redox analysis techniques are key to further understand the importance of the redox component in Alzheimer's disease and the identification of new therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Holubiec
- IBioBA-MPSP Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifwald, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kang N, Luan Y, Jiang Y, Cheng W, Liu Y, Su Z, Liu Y, Tan P. Neuroprotective Effects of Oligosaccharides in Rehmanniae Radix on Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Models for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878631. [PMID: 35784741 PMCID: PMC9247152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehmanniae Radix (RR, the dried tuberous roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC.) is an important traditional Chinese medicine distributed in Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast in China. RR is frequently used to treat diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and aging-related diseases in a class of prescriptions. The oligosaccharides and catalpol in RR have been confirmed to have neuroprotective effects. However, there are few studies on the anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) effect of oligosaccharides in Rehmanniae Radix (ORR). The chemical components and pharmacological effects of dried Rehmannia Radix (DRR) and prepared Rehmannia Radix (PRR) are different because of the different processing methods. ORR has neuroprotective potential, such as improving learning and memory in rats. Therefore, this study aimed to prove the importance of oligosaccharides in DRR (ODRR) and PRR (OPRR) for AD based on the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model and the different roles of ODRR and OPRR in the treatment of AD. In this study, we used paralysis assays, lifespan and stress resistance assays, bacterial growth curve, developmental and behavioral parameters, and ability of learning and memory to explore the effects of ODRR and OPRR on anti-AD and anti-aging. Furthermore, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); deposition of Aβ; and expression of amy-1, sir-2.1, daf-16, sod-3, skn-1, and hsp-16.2 were analyzed to confirm the efficacy of ODRR and OPRR. OPRR was more effective than ODRR in delaying the paralysis, improving learning ability, and prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans. Further mechanism studies showed that the accumulation of ROS, aggregation, and toxicity of Aβ were reduced, suggesting that ORR alleviated Aβ-induced toxicity, in part, through antioxidant activity and Aβ aggregation inhibiting. The expression of amy-1 was downregulated, and sir-2.1, daf-16, sod-3, and hsp-16.2 were upregulated. Thus, ORR could have a possible therapeutic effect on AD by modulating the expression of amy-1, sir-2.1, daf-16, sod-3, and hsp-16.2. Furthermore, ORR promoted the nuclear localization of daf-16 and further increased the expression of sod-3 and hsp-16.2, which significantly contributed to inhibiting the Aβ toxicity and enhancing oxidative stress resistance. In summary, the study provided a new idea for the development of ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Tan
- *Correspondence: Yonggang Liu, ; Peng Tan,
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7
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Awan MUN, Yan F, Mahmood F, Bai L, Liu J, Bai J. The Functions of Thioredoxin 1 in Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1023-1036. [PMID: 34465198 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is a ubiquitous protein that is found in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Trx1 acts as reductases in redox regulation and protects proteins from oxidative aggregation and inactivation. Trx1 helps the cells to cope with various environmental stresses and inhibits programmed cell death. It is beneficial to neuroregeneration and resistance against oxidative stress-associated neuron damage. Trx1 also plays important roles in suppressing neurodegenerative disorders. Recent Advances: Trx1 is a redox regulating protein involved in neuronal protection. According to a previous study, Trx1 expression is increased by nerve growth factor (NGF) and necessary for neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Trx1 has been shown to promote the growth of neurons. Trx1 knockout or knockdown has the worse impact on cell viability and survival. Critical Issues: Trx1 has functions in central nervous system. Trx1 plays the defensive roles against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Future Directions: In this review, we focus on the structure of Trx1 and basic functions of Trx1. Trx1 plays a neuroprotective role by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease. Neurodegenerative diseases have no cure and carry a high cost to the health care system and patient's families. Trx1 may be taken as a new target for neurodegenerative disorder therapy. Further studies of the Trx1 roles and mechanisms on neurodegenerative diseases are needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1023-1036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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8
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Makowski C, van der Meer D, Dong W, Wang H, Wu Y, Zou J, Liu C, Rosenthal SB, Hagler DJ, Fan CC, Kremen WS, Andreassen OA, Jernigan TL, Dale AM, Zhang K, Visscher PM, Yang J, Chen CH. Discovery of genomic loci of the human cerebral cortex using genetically informed brain atlases. Science 2022; 375:522-528. [PMID: 35113692 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe8457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To determine the impact of genetic variants on the brain, we used genetically informed brain atlases in genome-wide association studies of regional cortical surface area and thickness in 39,898 adults and 9136 children. We uncovered 440 genome-wide significant loci in the discovery cohort and 800 from a post hoc combined meta-analysis. Loci in adulthood were largely captured in childhood, showing signatures of negative selection, and were linked to early neurodevelopment and pathways associated with neuropsychiatric risk. Opposing gradations of decreased surface area and increased thickness were associated with common inversion polymorphisms. Inferior frontal regions, encompassing Broca's area, which is important for speech, were enriched for human-specific genomic elements. Thus, a mixed genetic landscape of conserved and human-specific features is concordant with brain hierarchy and morphogenetic gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Makowski
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Weixiu Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Zou
- Division of Biostatistics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cin Liu
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sara B Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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9
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S-methyl-L-cysteine Protects against Antimycin A-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neural Cells via Mimicking Endogenous Methionine-centered Redox Cycle. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:422-433. [PMID: 32681247 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide overproduction is believed to be responsible for the neurotoxicity associated with neurodegeneration. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, such as MitoQ, have emerged as potentially effective antioxidant therapies. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a key mitochondrial-localized endogenous antioxidative enzyme and it can scavenge oxidizing species by catalyzing the methionine (Met)-centered redox cycle (MCRC). In this study, we observed that the natural L-Met acted as a good scavenger for antimycin A-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in PC12 cells. This antioxidation was largely dependent on the Met oxidase activity of MsrA. S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMLC), a natural analogue of Met that is abundantly found in garlic and cabbage, could activate the Met oxidase activity of MsrA to scavenge free radicals. Furthermore, SMLC protected against antimycin A-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and alleviated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity. Thus, our data highlighted the possibility for SMLC supplement in the detoxication of mitochondrial damage by activating the Met oxidase activity of MsrA.
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10
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Minniti AN, Arriagada H, Zúñiga S, Bravo-Zehnder M, Alfaro IE, Aldunate R. Temporal pattern of neuronal insulin release during Caenorhabditis elegans aging: Role of redox homeostasis. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12855. [PMID: 30456853 PMCID: PMC6351846 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin‐IGF‐1/DAF‐2 pathway has a central role in the determination of aging and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans and other organisms. In this paper, we measured neuronal insulin secretion (using INS‐22::Venus) during C. elegans lifespan and monitored how this secretion is modified by redox homeostasis. We showed that INS‐22::Venus secretion fluctuates during the organism lifetime reaching maximum levels in the active reproductive stage. We also demonstrate that long‐lived daf‐2 insulin receptor mutants show remarkable low levels of INS‐22::Venus secretion. In contrast, we found that short‐lived mutant worms that lack the oxidation repair enzyme MSRA‐1 show increased levels of INS‐22::Venus secretion, specifically during the reproductive stage. MSRA‐1 is a target of the insulin‐IGF‐1/DAF‐2 pathway, and the expression of this antioxidant enzyme exclusively in the nervous system rescues the mutant insulin release phenotype and longevity. The msra‐1 mutant phenotype can also be reverted by antioxidant treatment during the active reproductive stage. We showed for the first time that there is a pattern of neuronal insulin release with a noticeable increment during the peak of reproduction. Our results suggest that redox homeostasis can modulate longevity through the regulation of insulin secretion, and that the insulin‐IGF‐1/DAF‐2 pathway could be regulated, at least in part, by a feedback loop. These findings highlight the importance of timing for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N. Minniti
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Héctor Arriagada
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Santo Tomás; Santiago Chile
| | - Soledad Zúñiga
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Santo Tomás; Santiago Chile
| | - Marcela Bravo-Zehnder
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina; Universidad San Sebastián; Santiago Chile
| | - Iván E. Alfaro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Playa Ancha; Valparaíso Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
| | - Rebeca Aldunate
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Santo Tomás; Santiago Chile
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11
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Pennington SM, Klutho PR, Xie L, Broadhurst K, Koval OM, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Defective protein repair under methionine sulfoxide A deletion drives autophagy and ARE-dependent gene transcription. Redox Biol 2018; 16:401-413. [PMID: 29649787 PMCID: PMC5953240 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduction of oxidized methionines is emerging as a major protein repair pathway. The lack of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) exacerbates cardiovascular disease phenotypes driven by increased oxidative stress. However, the role of MsrA on maintaining cellular homeostasis in the absence of excessive oxidative stress is less well understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Constitutive genetic deletion of MsrA increased formation of p62-containing protein aggregates, activated autophagy, and decreased a marker of apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The association of Keap1 with p62 was augmented in MsrA-/- VSMC. Keap1 targets the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates antioxidant genes, for proteasomal degradation. However, in MsrA-/- VSMC, the association of Nrf2 with Keap1 was diminished. Whereas Nrf2 mRNA levels were not decreased in MsrA-/- VSMC, we detected decreased ubiquitination of Nrf2 and a corresponding increase in total Nrf2 protein in the absence of biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Moreover, nuclear-localized Nrf2 was increased under MsrA deficiency, resulting in upregulation of Nrf2-dependent transcriptional activity. Consequently, transcription, protein levels and enzymatic activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione reductase were greatly augmented in MsrA-/- VSMC. SUMMARY Our findings demonstrate that reversal of methionine oxidation is required for maintenance of cellular homeostasis in the absence of increased oxidative stress. These data provide the first link between autophagy and activation of Nrf2 in the setting of MsrA deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Pennington
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paula R Klutho
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Litao Xie
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kim Broadhurst
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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12
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Allu PK, Boggula Y, Karri S, Marada A, Krishnamoorthy T, Sepuri NBV. A conserved R type Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase reverses oxidized GrpEL1/Mge1 to regulate Hsp70 chaperone cycle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2716. [PMID: 29426933 PMCID: PMC5807549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells across evolution employ reversible oxidative modification of methionine and cysteine amino acids within proteins to regulate responses to redox stress. Previously we have shown that mitochondrial localized methionine sulfoxide reductase (Mxr2) reversibly regulates oxidized yeast Mge1 (yMge1), a co-chaperone of Hsp70/Ssc1 to maintain protein homeostasis during oxidative stress. However, the specificity and the conservation of the reversible methionine oxidation mechanism in higher eukaryotes is debatable as human GrpEL1 (hGrpEL1) unlike its homolog yMge1 harbors two methionine residues and multiple cysteines besides the mammalian mitochondria hosting R and S types of Mxrs/Msrs. In this study, using yeast as a surrogate system, we show that hGRPEL1 and R type MSRs but not the S type MSRs complement the deletion of yeast MGE1 or MXR2 respectively. Our investigations show that R type Msrs interact selectively with oxidized hGrpEL1/yMge1 in an oxidative stress dependent manner, reduce the conserved hGrpEL1-Met146-SO and rescue the Hsp70 ATPase activity. In addition, a single point mutation in hGrpEL1-M146L rescues the slow growth phenotype of yeast MXR2 deletion under oxidative duress. Our study illustrates the evolutionarily conserved formation of specific Met-R-SO in hGrpEL1/yMge1 and the essential and canonical role of R type Msrs/Mxrs in mitochondrial redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Allu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yerranna Boggula
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Srinivasu Karri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Adinarayana Marada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Thanuja Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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13
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Identification of post-translational modifications of Aβ peptide in platelet membranes from patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Neurol Sci 2017; 383:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Zhi D, Wang D, Yang W, Duan Z, Zhu S, Dong J, Wang N, Wang N, Fei D, Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang M, Li H. Dianxianning improved amyloid β-induced pathological characteristics partially through DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin like pathway in transgenic C. elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11408. [PMID: 28900141 PMCID: PMC5595840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dianxianning (DXN) is a traditional Chinese formula, and has been approved in China for treating epilepsy since 1996. Here anti-Alzheimer's disease activity of DXN has been reported. DXN improved AD-like symptoms of paralysis and 5-HT sensitivity of transgenic Aβ1-42 C. elegans. In worms, DXN significantly increased Aβ monomers and decreased the toxic Aβ oligomers, thus reducing Aβ toxicity. DXN significantly suppressed the expression of hsp-16.2 induced by juglone, and up-regulated sod-3 expression. These results indicated that DXN increased stress resistance and protected C. elegans against oxidative stress. Furthermore, DXN could significantly promote DAF-16 nuclear translocation, but it did not activate SKN-1. The inhibitory effect of DXN on the Aβ toxicity was significantly reverted by daf-16 RNAi, rather than skn-1 RNAi or hsf-1 RNAi. These results indicated that DAF-16 is at least partially required for the anti-AD effect of DXN. In conclusion, DXN improved Aβ-induced pathological characteristics partially through DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin like pathway in transgenic worms. Together with our data obtained by Morris water maze test, the results showed that DXN markedly ameliorated cognitive performance impairment induced by scopolamine in mice. All the results support that DXN is a potential drug candidate to treat Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Zhi
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Duan
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuqian Zhu
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Dong
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ningbo Wang
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Fei
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhanxin Zhang
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meizhu Wang
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Gansu high throughput screening and creation center for health products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
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15
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Morales-Zavala F, Arriagada H, Hassan N, Velasco C, Riveros A, Álvarez AR, Minniti AN, Rojas-Silva X, Muñoz LL, Vasquez R, Rodriguez K, Sanchez-Navarro M, Giralt E, Araya E, Aldunate R, Kogan MJ. Peptide multifunctionalized gold nanorods decrease toxicity of β-amyloid peptide in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2341-2350. [PMID: 28673851 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The properties of nanometric materials make nanotechnology a promising platform for tackling problems of contemporary medicine. In this work, gold nanorods were synthetized and stabilized with polyethylene glycols and modified with two kinds of peptides. The D1 peptide that recognizes toxic aggregates of Aβ, a peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD); and the Angiopep 2 that can be used to deliver nanorods to the mammalian central nervous system. The nanoconjugates were characterized using absorption spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, among other techniques. We determined that the nanoconjugate does not affect neuronal viability; it penetrates the cells, and decreases aggregation of Aβ peptide in vitro. We also showed that when we apply our nanosystem to a Caenorhabditis elegans AD model, the toxicity of aggregated Aβ peptide is decreased. This work may contribute to the development of therapies for AD based on metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Morales-Zavala
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Hector Arriagada
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Natalia Hassan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+I, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Edificio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquin.
| | - Carolina Velasco
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ana Riveros
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandra R Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile; Centro de envejecimiento y regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alicia N Minniti
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331010, Chile.
| | - Ximena Rojas-Silva
- Sección de Metrología Química, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Nueva Bilbao 12501, La Reina, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis L Muñoz
- Sección de Metrología Química, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Nueva Bilbao 12501, La Reina, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Vasquez
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Katherine Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Macarena Sanchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eyleen Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rebeca Aldunate
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Wang C, Chen P, He X, Peng Z, Chen S, Zhang R, Cheng J, Liu Q. Direct interaction between selenoprotein R and Aβ42. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:509-514. [PMID: 28579431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have taken a central role in AD research, the aggregation of Aβ peptide is involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 35th amino acid was methionine (Met) in Aβ peptides and it's redox state is critical in determining the biological activity of Aβ. It has been suggested that oxidation of Met35 (Met35O) plays a key role in the formation of paranuclei and in the control of oligomerization pathway choice. As an antioxidative selenoenzyme, Selenoprotein R (SelR) plays important roles in reducing the R-form of MetO to Met to maintain intracellular redox balance. However, the relationship between SelR and Aβ was little investigated. Here, we found that SelR can directly interact with Aβ42, and the interaction between SelR and Aβ42 was verified by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and pull-down assays. SelR is closely related to AD, its biological functions in human brain become a research focus. This work implies that SelR makes it capable of modulating Aβ42 aggregation and provides a novel avenue for further study on the mechanism of SelR in AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 473004, Nanyang, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 445000, Enshi, China
| | - Zaisheng Peng
- Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 445000, Enshi, China
| | - Siqiang Chen
- Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 445000, Enshi, China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
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17
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Enache TA, Oliveira-Brett AM. Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta peptides in vitro electrochemical oxidation. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 114:13-23. [PMID: 27855361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative behaviour of the human amyloid beta (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) peptides and a group of similar peptides: control inverse (Aβ40-1 and Aβ42-1), mutants (Aβ1-40Phe10 and Aβ1-40Nle35), rat Aβ1-40Rat, and fragments (Aβ1-28, Aβ1-16, Aβ10-20, Aβ12-28, and Aβ17-42), in solution or adsorbed, at a glassy carbon electrode, by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, were investigated and compared. Structurally the Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 sequences contain five electroactive amino acid residues, one tyrosine (Tyr10), three histidines (His6, His13 and His14) and one methionine (Met35). The Aβ peptide 3D structure influenced the exposure of the redox residues to the electrode surface and their oxidation peak currents. Depending on the amino acid sequence length and content, the Aβ peptides gave one or two oxidation peaks. The first electron transfer reaction corresponded to the tyrosine amino acid residue oxidation, and the second to both histidines and methionine amino acid residues. The highest contribution to the second oxidation peak current was from His13, followed by His14 and His6 residues, and Met35 residue had the lowest contribution. The Aβ peptides electron transfer depended on peptide hydrophobicity and 3D structure, the redox residues position in the sequence, the redox residues close to N-termini giving the highest oxidation peak currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Adrian Enache
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira-Brett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Gu M, Viles JH. Methionine oxidation reduces lag-times for amyloid-β(1-40) fiber formation but generates highly fragmented fibers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1260-1269. [PMID: 27108954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the formation of amyloid plaques containing amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are two key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. A proportion of methionine (Met) at position 35 within Aβ is oxidized to methionine sulphoxide (Met(OX)) within the Alzheimer's plaques. These oxidative processes may be the key to understanding the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro oxidation of Aβ, by the physiological oxidant H2O2, was monitored using (1)H NMR and mass spectrometry. Here we investigate the effect of Aβ methionine oxidation on fiber formation kinetics and morphology using the amyloid specific fluorescence dye Thioflavin T (ThT) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Methionine oxidation reduces the total amount of fibers generated for both dominant forms of Aβ, however there are marked differences in the effect of Met(OX) between Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42). Surprisingly the presence of Met(OX) reduces lag-times for Aβ(1-40) fiber formation but extends lag-times for Aβ(1-42). TEM indicates a change in fiber morphology with a pronounced reduction in fiber length for both methionine oxidized Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42). In contrast, the morphology of preformed amyloid fibers is largely unaffected by the presence of H2O2. Our studies suggest that methionine oxidation promotes highly fragmented fiber assemblies of Aβ. Oxidative stress associated with Alzheimer's disease can cause oxidation of methionine within Aβ and this in turn will influence the complex assembly of Aβ monomer into amyloid fibers, which is likely to impact Aβ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Gu
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - John H Viles
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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19
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Intracellular repair of oxidation-damaged α-synuclein fails to target C-terminal modification sites. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10251. [PMID: 26807843 PMCID: PMC4737712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular oxidative stress serves as a common denominator in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Here we use in-cell NMR spectroscopy to study the fate of the oxidation-damaged Parkinson's disease protein alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in non-neuronal and neuronal mammalian cells. Specifically, we deliver methionine-oxidized, isotope-enriched α-Syn into cultured cells and follow intracellular protein repair by endogenous enzymes at atomic resolution. We show that N-terminal α-Syn methionines Met1 and Met5 are processed in a stepwise manner, with Met5 being exclusively repaired before Met1. By contrast, C-terminal methionines Met116 and Met127 remain oxidized and are not targeted by cellular enzymes. In turn, persisting oxidative damage in the C-terminus of α-Syn diminishes phosphorylation of Tyr125 by Fyn kinase, which ablates the necessary priming event for Ser129 modification by CK1. These results establish that oxidative stress can lead to the accumulation of chemically and functionally altered α-Syn in cells. α-synuclein is a protein linked to the occurrence of Parkinson's disease. Here, the authors use time-resolved in-cell NMR spectroscopy to study the repair of methionine-oxidized α-synuclein by endogenous cellular enzymes.
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20
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Friedemann M, Helk E, Tiiman A, Zovo K, Palumaa P, Tõugu V. Effect of methionine-35 oxidation on the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 3:94-99. [PMID: 29124171 PMCID: PMC5668694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of Aβ peptides into amyloid plaques is considered to trigger the Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however the mechanism behind the AD onset has remained elusive. It is assumed that the insoluble Aβ aggregates enhance oxidative stress (OS) by generating free radicals with the assistance of bound copper ions. The aim of our study was to establish the role of Met35 residue in the oxidation and peptide aggregation processes. Met35 can be readily oxidized by H2O2. The fibrillization of Aβ with Met35 oxidized to sulfoxide was three times slower compared to that of the regular peptide. The fibrils of regular and oxidized peptides looked similar under transmission electron microscopy. The relatively small inhibitory effect of methionine oxidation on the fibrillization suggests that the possible variation in the Met oxidation state should not affect the in vivo plaque formation. The peptide oxidation pattern was more complex when copper ions were present: addition of one oxygen atom was still the fastest process, however, it was accompanied by multiple unspecific modifications of peptide residues. Addition of copper ions to the Aβ with oxidized Met35 in the presence of H2O2, resulted a similar pattern of nonspecific modifications, suggesting that the one-electron oxidation processes in the peptide molecule do not depend on the oxidation state of Met35 residue. Thus, it can be concluded that Met35 residue is not a part of the radical generating mechanism of Aβ–Cu(II) complex. Aβ peptides with oxidized Met35 residue fibrillize three times slower than the reduced peptide. Met35 is the only residue in Aβ peptide that is oxidized by H2O2 in the absent of copper ions. In the presence of copper ions as catalyst multiple unspecific oxidative processes occur in Aβ. Previous oxidation of Met35 does not affect the unspecific oxidation in the presence of copper ions.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, Alzheimer's amyloid peptide
- Copper(II)ion
- HFIP, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol
- Methionine oxidation
- OS, oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- ThT, Thioflavin T
- β-amyloid
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Friedemann
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eneken Helk
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ann Tiiman
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kairit Zovo
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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