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Kong W, Tian Q, Yang Q, Liu Y, Wang G, Cao Y, Wang L, Xia S, Sun Y, Zhao C, Wang S. Sodium Selenite Enhances Antibiotics Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Deceases Its Pathogenicity by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting Quorum Sensing System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121873. [PMID: 34942975 PMCID: PMC8698442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, is commonly found in clinical settings and immuno-compromised patients. It is difficult to be eradicated due to its strong antibiotic resistance, and novel inactivation strategies have yet to be developed. Selenium is an essential microelement for humans and has been widely used in dietary supplement and chemoprevention therapy. In this study, the physiological and biochemical effects of sodium selenite on P. aeruginosa PAO1 were investigated. The results showed that 0~5 mM sodium selenite did not impact the growth of PAO1, but increased the lethality rate of PAO1 with antibiotics or H2O2 treatment and the antibiotics susceptibility both in planktonic and biofilm states. In addition, sodium selenite significantly reduced the expression of quorum sensing genes and inhibited various virulence factors of this bacterium, including pyocyanin production, bacterial motilities, and the type III secretion system. Further investigation found that the content of ROS in cells was significantly increased and the expression levels of most genes involved in oxidative stress were up-regulated, which indicated that sodium selenite induced oxidative stress. The RNA-seq result confirmed the phenotypes of virulence attenuation and the expression of quorum sensing and antioxidant-related genes. The assays of Chinese cabbage and Drosophila melanogaster infection models showed that the combination of sodium selenite and antibiotics significantly alleviated the infection of PAO1. In summary, the results revealed that sodium selenite induced oxidative stress and inhibited the quorum sensing system of P. aeruginosa, which in turn enhanced the antibiotic susceptibility and decreased the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These findings suggest that sodium selenite may be used as an effective strategy for adjunct treatment of the infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Kong
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Qianqian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Gongting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sizhe Xia
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (W.K.); (Q.T.); (Q.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.W.); (Y.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Cells and organisms grow old and die. We develop a biophysical model of the mechanism. Young cells are kept healthy by the positive processes of protein synthesis, degradation, and chaperoning (the activity of keeping proteins properly folded). But, with age, negative processes increase: Oxidative damage accumulates randomly in the cell’s proteins, healthy synthesis and degradation slow down, and—like overfilled garbage cans—chaperone capacity is exceeded. The chaperones are distracted trying to fold irreversibly damaged proteins, leading to accumulating misfolded and aggregated proteins in the cell. The tipping point to death happens when the negative overwhelms the positive. The model makes several quantitative predictions of the life span of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans. What molecular processes drive cell aging and death? Here, we model how proteostasis—i.e., the folding, chaperoning, and maintenance of protein function—collapses with age from slowed translation and cumulative oxidative damage. Irreparably damaged proteins accumulate with age, increasingly distracting the chaperones from folding the healthy proteins the cell needs. The tipping point to death occurs when replenishing good proteins no longer keeps up with depletion from misfolding, aggregation, and damage. The model agrees with experiments in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans that show the following: Life span shortens nonlinearly with increased temperature or added oxidant concentration, and life span increases in mutants having more chaperones or proteasomes. It predicts observed increases in cellular oxidative damage with age and provides a mechanism for the Gompertz-like rise in mortality observed in humans and other organisms. Overall, the model shows how the instability of proteins sets the rate at which damage accumulates with age and upends a cell’s normal proteostasis balance.
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