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Si M, Hu M, Yang M, Peng Z, Li D, Zhao Y. Characterization of oxidative stress-induced cgahp, a gene coding for alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, from industrial importance Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1309-1326. [PMID: 37606753 PMCID: PMC10460364 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Ahp), comprised of four different subunits AhpC, AhpD, AhpE, and AhpF, is a thiol-based antioxidative enzyme with the ability to protect bacteria against oxidative stress. Functionally, AhpC and AhpE considered as peroxidases directly detoxify peroxides, while AhpD and AhpF as oxidoreductases restore oxidized peroxidases to their reduced form. Corynebacterium glutamicum ncgl0877 encodes a putative Ahp with a unique Cys-Pro-Phe-Cys (C-P-G-C) active-site motif, similar with those of the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases such as thioredoxin (Trx), mycoredoxin-1 (Mrx1) and AhpD. However, its physiological and biochemical functions remain unknown in C. glutamicum. Here, we report that NCgl0877, designated CgAhp, is involved in the protection against organic peroxide (OP) stress. The cgahp-deleted strain is notably more sensitive to OP stress. The cgahp expression is controlled by a MarR-type transcriptional repressor OasR (organic peroxide- and antibiotic-sensing regulator). The physiological role of CgAhp in resistance to OP stresses is corroborated by its induced expression under stresses. Although CgAhp has a weak peroxidase activity toward OP, it mainly supports the OP-scavenging activity of the thiol-dependent peroxidase preferentially linked to the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd)/dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (SucB)/NADH system. The C-P-G-C motif of CgAhp is essential to maintain the reductase activity. In conclusion, our study identifies CgAhp, behaving like AhpD, as a key disulfide oxidoreductase involved in the oxidative stress tolerance and the functional electron donor for peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Mengdie Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Mingfei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoxin Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Donghan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China.
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A secreted effector with a dual role as a toxin and as a transcriptional factor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7779. [PMID: 36522324 PMCID: PMC9755527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved multiple secretion systems for delivering effector proteins into the cytosol of neighboring cells, but the roles of many of these effectors remain unknown. Here, we show that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes an effector, CccR, that can act both as a toxin and as a transcriptional factor. The effector is secreted by a type VI secretion system (T6SS) and can enter nearby cells of the same species and other species (such as Escherichia coli) via cell-cell contact and in a contact-independent manner. CccR contains an N-terminal FIC domain and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain. In Y. pseudotuberculosis cells, CccR inhibits its own expression by binding through its DNA-binding domain to the cccR promoter, and affects the expression of other genes through unclear mechanisms. In E. coli cells, the FIC domain of CccR AMPylates the cell division protein FtsZ, inducing cell filamentation and growth arrest. Thus, our results indicate that CccR has a dual role, modulating gene expression in neighboring cells of the same species, and inhibiting the growth of competitors.
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Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 Uses Peroxiredoxin to Cope with Reactive Sulfur Species Stress. mBio 2022; 13:e0103922. [PMID: 35861504 PMCID: PMC9426444 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01039-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a widely distributed group of microorganisms in the ocean, and they often need to cope with the stress of reactive sulfur species, such as sulfide and sulfane sulfur. Sulfane sulfur refers to the various forms of zero-valent sulfur, including persulfide, polysulfide, and element sulfur (S8). Although sulfane sulfur participates in signaling transduction and resistance to reactive oxygen species in cyanobacteria, it is toxic at high concentrations and induces sulfur stress, which has similar effects to oxidative stress. In this study, we report that Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 uses peroxiredoxin to cope with the stress of cellular sulfane sulfur. Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 contains six peroxiredoxins, and all were induced by S8. Peroxiredoxin I (PrxI) reduced S8 to H2S by forming a disulfide bond between residues Cys53 and Cys153 of the enzyme. A partial deletion strain of Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 with decreased copy numbers of the prxI gene was more sensitive to S8 than was the wild type. Thus, peroxiredoxin is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular sulfane sulfur in cyanobacteria. Given that peroxiredoxin evolved before the occurrence of O2 on Earth, its original function could have been to cope with reactive sulfur species stress, and that function has been preserved. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are the earliest microorganisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, which has played a key role in the evolution of life on Earth, and they are the most important primary producers in the modern oceans. The cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 uses peroxiredoxin to reduce high levels of sulfane sulfur. That function is possibly the original role of peroxiredoxin, as the enzyme evolved before the appearance of O2 on Earth. The preservation of the reduction of sulfane sulfur by peroxiredoxin5-type peroxiredoxins may offer cyanobacteria an advantage in the complex environment of the modern oceans.
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Liu Y, Yang W, Su T, Che C, Li G, Chen C, Si M. The cssR gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum plays a negative regulatory role in stress responses. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:110. [PMID: 34082775 PMCID: PMC8176726 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CssR, the product of the Corynebacterium glutamicum ncgl1578 gene cotranscribed with ncgl1579, is a TetR (tetracycline regulator) family repressor. Although many TetR-type regulators in C. glutamicum have been extensively described, members of the TetR family involved in the stress response remain unidentified. Results In this study, we found that CssR regulated the transcription of its own gene and the ncgl1576-ncgl1577 operon. The ncgl1576-ncgl1577 operon, which is located upstream of cssR in the orientation opposite that of the cssR operon, encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC), some of which are involved in the export of a wide range of antimicrobial compounds. The cssR-deletion (ΔcssR) mutant displayed increased resistance to various stresses. An imperfect palindromic motif (5′-TAA(G)TGN13CA(G)TTA-3′; 25 bp) located at the intergenic region between cssR and ncgl1577 was identified as the sole binding site for CssR. Expression of cssR and ncgl1577 was induced by antibiotics and heavy metals but not H2O2 or diamide, and the DNA-binding activity of CssR was impaired by antibiotics and heavy metals but not H2O2. Antibiotics and heavy metals caused CssR dissociation from target gene promoters, thus derepressing their transcription. Oxidant treatment neither altered the conformation of CssR nor modified its cysteine residues, indicating that the cysteine residues in CssR have no redox activity. In the ΔcssR mutant strain, genes involved in redox homeostasis also showed increased transcription levels, and the NADPH/NADP+ ratio was higher than that of the parental strain. Conclusion The stress response mechanism of CssR in C. glutamicum is realized via ligand-induced conformational changes of the protein, not via cysteine oxidation-based thiol modification. Moreover, the crucial role of CssR in the stress response was demonstrated by negatively controlling the expression of the ncgl1576-ncgl1577 operon, its structural gene, and/or redox homeostasis-related genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01600-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tao Su
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Chengchuan Che
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guizhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Can Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China.
| | - Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
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The Industrial Organism Corynebacterium glutamicum Requires Mycothiol as Antioxidant to Resist Against Oxidative Stress in Bioreactor Cultivations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100969. [PMID: 33050339 PMCID: PMC7599745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In aerobic environments, bacteria are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). To avoid an excess of ROS, microorganisms are equipped with powerful enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a widely used industrial platform organism, uses mycothiol (MSH) as major low molecular weight (LMW) thiol and non-enzymatic antioxidant. In aerobic bioreactor cultivations, C. glutamicum becomes exposed to oxygen concentrations surpassing the air saturation, which are supposed to constitute a challenge for the intracellular MSH redox balance. In this study, the role of MSH was investigated at different oxygen levels (pO2) in bioreactor cultivations in C. glutamicum. Despite the presence of other highly efficient antioxidant systems, such as catalase, the MSH deficient ΔmshC mutant was impaired in growth in bioreactor experiments performed at pO2 values of 30%. At a pO2 level of 20%, this growth defect was abolished, indicating a high susceptibility of the MSH-deficient mutant towards elevated oxygen concentrations. Bioreactor experiments with C. glutamicum expressing the Mrx1-roGFP2 redox biosensor revealed a strong oxidative shift in the MSH redox potential (EMSH) at pO2 values above 20%. This indicates that the LMW thiol MSH is an essential antioxidant to maintain the robustness and industrial performance of C. glutamicum during aerobic fermentation processes.
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CarR, a MarR-family regulator from Corynebacterium glutamicum, modulated antibiotic and aromatic compound resistance. Biochem J 2020; 476:3141-3159. [PMID: 31689352 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) proteins are a family of transcriptional regulators that is prevalent in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Understanding the physiological and biochemical function of MarR homologs in C. glutamicum has focused on cysteine oxidation-based redox-sensing and substrate metabolism-involving regulators. In this study, we characterized the stress-related ligand-binding functions of the C. glutamicum MarR-type regulator CarR (C. glutamicum antibiotic-responding regulator). We demonstrate that CarR negatively regulates the expression of the carR (ncgl2886)-uspA (ncgl2887) operon and the adjacent, oppositely oriented gene ncgl2885, encoding the hypothetical deacylase DecE. We also show that CarR directly activates transcription of the ncgl2882-ncgl2884 operon, encoding the peptidoglycan synthesis operon (PSO) located upstream of carR in the opposite orientation. The addition of stress-associated ligands such as penicillin and streptomycin induced carR, uspA, decE, and PSO expression in vivo, as well as attenuated binding of CarR to operator DNA in vitro. Importantly, stress response-induced up-regulation of carR, uspA, and PSO gene expression correlated with cell resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and aromatic compounds. Six highly conserved residues in CarR were found to strongly influence its ligand binding and transcriptional regulatory properties. Collectively, the results indicate that the ligand binding of CarR induces its dissociation from the carR-uspA promoter to derepress carR and uspA transcription. Ligand-free CarR also activates PSO expression, which in turn contributes to C. glutamicum stress resistance. The outcomes indicate that the stress response mechanism of CarR in C. glutamicum occurs via ligand-induced conformational changes to the protein, not via cysteine oxidation-based thiol modifications.
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Wang Z, Wang T, Cui R, Zhang Z, Chen K, Li M, Hua Y, Gu H, Xu L, Wang Y, Yang Y, Shen X. HpaR, the Repressor of Aromatic Compound Metabolism, Positively Regulates the Expression of T6SS4 to Resist Oxidative Stress in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:705. [PMID: 32362886 PMCID: PMC7180172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
HpaR, a MarR family transcriptional regulator, was first identified in Escherichia coli W for its regulation of the hpa-meta operon. Little else is known regarding its functionality. Here, we report that in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, HpaR negatively regulates the hpa-meta operon similar to in E. coli W. To investigate additional functions of HpaR, RNA sequencing was performed for both the wild-type and the ΔhpaR mutant, which revealed that the type VI secretion system (T6SS) was positively regulated by HpaR. T6SS4 is important for bacteria resisting environmental stress, especially oxidative stress. We demonstrate that HpaR facilitates bacteria resist oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of T6SS4 in Y. pseudotuberculosis. HpaR is also involved in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, adhesion to eukaryotic cells, and virulence in mice. These results greatly expand our knowledge of the functionality of HpaR and reveal a new pathway that regulates T6SS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Keqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yueyue Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huawei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Che C, Su T, Sun P, Li G, Liu J, Wei Z, Yang G. Thioredoxin and protein-disulfide isomerase selectivity for redox regulation of proteins in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 66:245-255. [PMID: 31902803 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) and protein-disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are believed to play a pivotal role in ensuring the proper folding of proteins, facilitating appropriate functioning of proteins, and maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis in bacteria. Two thioredoxins (Trxs) and three thiol-disulfide isomerases (PDIs) have been annotated in Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, nothing is known about their functional diversity in the redox regulation of proteins. Thus, we here analyzed the Trx- and PDI-dependent redox shifts of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), insulin, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and several thiol-dependent peroxidases by measuring enzyme activity and thiol status in vitro. We found that the two Trxs and the three PDIs had activities in the cleavage of the disulfidebond, whereas the PDIs had a lower efficiency than the two Trxs. Trx2 could activate thiol-dependent peroxidases with an efficiency comparable with that of Trx1, but the PDIs were inefficient. The redox-active Cys-X-X-Cys motif harbored in both Trxs and PDIs was essential to supply efficiently the donor of reducing equivalents for protein disulfides. In addition, stress-responsive extracytoplasmic function (ECF)-sigma factor H (SigH)-dependent Trxs and PDIs expressions were observed. These results contributed importantly to our overall understanding of reducing functionality of the Trx and PDI systems, and also highlighted the complexity and plasticity of the intracellular redox network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Su
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Guizhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Zengfan Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Ge Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
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9
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Si M, Che C, Li G, Li X, Gong Z, Liu J, Yang G, Chen C. Characterization of Xi-class mycothiol S-transferase from Corynebacterium glutamicum and its protective effects in oxidative stress. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:182. [PMID: 31655587 PMCID: PMC6815410 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress caused by inevitable hostile conditions during fermentative process was the most serious threat to the survival of the well-known industrial microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum. To survive, C. glutamicum developed several antioxidant defenses including millimolar concentrations of mycothiol (MSH) and protective enzymes. Glutathione (GSH) S-transferases (GSTs) with essentially defensive role in oxidative stress have been well defined in numerous microorganisms, while their physiological and biochemical functions remained elusive in C. glutamicum thus far. Results In the present study, we described protein NCgl1216 belonging to a novel MSH S-transferase Xi class (MstX), considered as the equivalent of GST Xi class (GSTX). MstX had a characteristic conserved catalytic motif (Cys-Pro-Trp-Ala, C-P-W-A). MstX was active as thiol transferase, dehydroascorbate reductase, mycothiolyl-hydroquinone reductase and MSH peroxidase, while it showed null activity toward canonical GSTs substrate as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and GST Omega’s specific substance glutathionyl-acetophenones, indicating MstX had some biochemical characteristics related with mycoredoxin (Mrx). Site-directed mutagenesis showed that, among the two cysteine residues of the molecule, only the residue at position 67 was required for the activity. Moreover, the residues adjacent to the active Cys67 were also important for activity. These results indicated that the thiol transferase of MstX operated through a monothiol mechanism. In addition, we found MstX played important role in various stress resistance. The lack of C. glutamicum mstX gene resulted in significant growth inhibition and increased sensitivity under adverse stress condition. The mstX expression was induced by stress. Conclusion Corynebacterium glutamicum MstX might be critically involved in response to oxidative conditions, thereby giving new insight in how C. glutamicum survived oxidative stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Chengchuan Che
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guanxi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijin Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China.
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10
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Zhang B, Gu H, Yang Y, Bai H, Zhao C, Si M, Su T, Shen X. Molecular Mechanisms of AhpC in Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Burkholderia thailandensis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1483. [PMID: 31338075 PMCID: PMC6626918 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia thailandensis is a model organism for human pathogens Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. The study of B. thailandensis peroxiredoxin is helpful for understanding the survival, pathogenic infection, and antibiotic resistance of its homologous species. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC) is an important peroxiredoxin involved in oxidative damage defense. Here, we report that BthAhpC exhibits broad specificity for peroxide substrates, including inorganic and organic peroxides and peroxynitrite. AhpC catalyzes the reduction of oxidants using the N-terminal conserved Cys57 as a peroxidatic Cys and the C-terminal conserved Cys171 and Cys173 as resolving Cys. These three conserved Cys residues play critical roles in the catalytic mechanism. AhpD directly interacts with AhpC as an electron donor, and the conserved Cys residues in active site of AhpD are important for AhpC reduction. AhpC is directly repressed by OxyR as shown by identifying the OxyR binding site in the ahpC promoter with a DNA binding assay. This work sheds light on the function of AhpC in the peroxides and peroxynitrite damage response in B. thailandensis and homologous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huawei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haonan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Tao Su
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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11
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Zhu D, Li Y, Huang R, Luo L, Chen L, Fu P, He L, Li Y, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Molecular characterization and functional activity of Prx1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:395-403. [PMID: 31054357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) family are known as an important antioxidant enzyme as the first line of defense against oxidative damage, and also involved in immune responses following viral and bacterial infection. Here, a full-length Prx1 cDNA sequence (CiPrx1) was cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which was 1029 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 121 bp, a 3'-UTR of 272 bp, an open reading frame of 600 bp encoding 199 amino acids with molecular weight of 22.21 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.30. CiPrx1 shares 80.8-99% protein sequence similarity with Prx1 of other fishes. The conserved peroxidase catalytic center "FYPLDFTFVCPTEI" and "GEVCPA" were observed in the sequence of CiPrx1; this indicated that it was a member of 2-Cys Prx. Subcellular localization of CiPrx1 was only strongly distributed in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assays revealed that CiPrx1 mRNA was ubiquitously detected in all tested tissues, and the expression was comparatively high in liver, gill and spleen. Further, the expression of CiPrx1 can be induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) infection in the different tissues. Moreover, the recombinant CiPrx1 (rCiPrx1) protein was found a potential antioxidant enzyme, that could inhibit DNA damage from oxidants. Altogether, our results imply that CiPrx1 is associated with defending against virus and bacteria pathogens and oxidants in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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12
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Bunik VI. Redox-Driven Signaling: 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes as Sensors and Transmitters of Metabolic Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1911-1947. [PMID: 30187773 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This article develops a holistic view on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Recent Advances: Catalytic and structural properties of the complexes and their components evolved to minimize damaging effects of side reactions, including ROS generation, simultaneously exploiting the reactions for homeostatic signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Side reactions of the complexes, characterized in vitro, are analyzed in view of protein interactions and conditions in vivo. Quantitative data support prevalence of the forward 2-oxo acid oxidation over the backward NADH oxidation in feeding physiologically significant ROS production by the complexes. Special focus on interactions between the active sites within 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes highlights the central relevance of the complex-bound thiyl radicals in regulation of and signaling by complex-generated ROS. The thiyl radicals arise when dihydrolipoyl residues of the complexes regenerate FADH2 from the flavin semiquinone coproduced with superoxide anion radical in 1e- oxidation of FADH2 by molecular oxygen. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interaction of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with thioredoxins (TRXs), peroxiredoxins, and glutaredoxins mediates scavenging of the thiyl radicals and ROS generated by the complexes, underlying signaling of disproportional availability of 2-oxo acids, CoA, and NAD+ in key metabolic branch points through thiol/disulfide exchange and medically important hypoxia-inducible factor, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and sirtuins. High reactivity of the coproduced ROS and thiyl radicals to iron/sulfur clusters and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite reductase activity of peroxiredoxins and transnitrosylating function of thioredoxin, implicate the side reactions of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in nitric oxide-dependent signaling and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- 1 Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,2 Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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13
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Su T, Si M, Zhao Y, Yao S, Che C, Liu Y, Chen C. Function of alkyl hydroperoxidase AhpD in resistance to oxidative stress in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:72-79. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Shumin Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | | | - Yan Liu
- School of Ggeography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University
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14
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OhsR acts as an organic peroxide-sensing transcriptional activator using an S-mycothiolation mechanism in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:200. [PMID: 30587200 PMCID: PMC6306002 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium glutamicum is a well-known producer of various l-amino acids in industry. During the fermenting process, C. glutamicum unavoidably encounters oxidative stress due to a specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by consistent adverse conditions. To combat the ROS, C. glutamicum has developed many common disulfide bond-based regulatory devices to control a specific set of antioxidant genes. However, nothing is known about the mixed disulfide between the protein thiol groups and the mycothiol (MSH) (S-mycothiolation)-based sensor. In addition, no OhrR (organic hydroperoxide resistance regulator) homologs and none of the organic hydroperoxide reductase (Ohr) sensors have been described in the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase CF-missing C. glutamicum, while organic hydroperoxides (OHPs)-specific Ohr was a core detoxification system. Results In this study, we showed that the C. glutamicum OhsR acted as an OHPs sensor that activated ohr expression. OhsR conferred resistance to cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and t-butyl hydroperoxide but not H2O2, hypochlorous acid, and diamide; this outcome was substantiated by the fact that the ohsR-deficient mutant was sensitive to OHPs but not inorganic peroxides. The DNA binding activity of OhsR was specifically activated by CHP. Mutational analysis of the two cysteines (Cys125 and Cys261) showed that Cys125 was primarily responsible for the activation of DNA binding. The oxidation of Cys125 produced a sulfenic acid (C125-SOH) that subsequently reacted with MSH to generate S-mycothiolation that was required to activate the ohr expression. Therefore, OhsR regulated the ohr expression using an S-mycothiolation mechanism in vivo. Conclusion This is the first report demonstrating that the regulatory OhsR specifically sensed OHPs stress and responded to it by activating a specific ohr gene under its control using an S-mycothiolated mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1048-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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CosR is an oxidative stress sensing a MarR-type transcriptional repressor in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biochem J 2018; 475:3979-3995. [PMID: 30478154 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MarR family is unique to both bacteria and archaea. The members of this family, one of the most prevalent families of transcriptional regulators in bacteria, enable bacteria to adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as the presence of antibiotics, toxic chemicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly by thiol-disulfide switches. Although the genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum encodes a large number of the putative MarR-type transcriptional regulators, their physiological and biochemical functions have so far been limited to only two proteins, regulator of oxidative stress response RosR and quinone oxidoreductase regulator QosR. Here, we report that the ncgl2617 gene (cosR) of C. glutamicum encoding an MarR-type transcriptional regulator plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance. The cosR null mutant is found to be more resistant to various oxidants and antibiotics, accompanied by a decrease in ROS production and protein carbonylation levels under various stresses. Protein biochemical function analysis shows that two Cys residues presenting at 49 and 62 sites in CosR are redox-active. They form intermolecular disulfide bonds in CosR under oxidative stress. This CosR oxidation leads to its dissociation from promoter DNA, depression of the target DNA, and increased oxidative stress resistance of C. glutamicum. Together, the results reveal that CosR is a redox-sensitive regulator that senses peroxide stress to mediate oxidative stress resistance in C. glutamicum.
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16
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Cho C, Lee GW, Hong SH, Kaur S, Jung KW, Jung JH, Lim S, Chung BY, Lee SS. Novel functions of peroxiredoxin Q from Deinococcus radiodurans R1 as a peroxidase and a molecular chaperone. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:219-229. [PMID: 30488429 PMCID: PMC6590489 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. In this study, we characterized DR0846, a candidate peroxiredoxin in D. radiodurans. DR0846 is a peroxiredoxin Q containing two conserved cysteine residues. DR0846 exists mainly in monomeric form with an intramolecular disulfide bond between the two cysteine residues. We found that DR0846 functions as a molecular chaperone as well as a peroxidase. A mutational analysis indicates that the two cysteine residues are essential for enzymatic activity. A double‐deletion mutant lacking DR0846 and catalase DR1998 exhibits decreased oxidative and heat shock stress tolerance with respect to the single mutants or the wild‐type cells. These results suggest that DR0846 contributes to resistance against oxidative and heat stresses in D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuloh Cho
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | | | - Sung H Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Shubhpreet Kaur
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Tung QN, Loi VV, Busche T, Nerlich A, Mieth M, Milse J, Kalinowski J, Hocke AC, Antelmann H. Stable integration of the Mrx1-roGFP2 biosensor to monitor dynamic changes of the mycothiol redox potential in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Redox Biol 2018; 20:514-525. [PMID: 30481728 PMCID: PMC6258114 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycothiol (MSH) functions as major low molecular weight (LMW) thiol in the industrially important Corynebacterium glutamicum. In this study, we genomically integrated an Mrx1-roGFP2 biosensor in C. glutamicum to measure dynamic changes of the MSH redox potential (EMSH) during the growth and under oxidative stress. C. glutamicum maintains a highly reducing intrabacterial EMSH throughout the growth curve with basal EMSH levels of ~- 296 mV. Consistent with its H2O2 resistant phenotype, C. glutamicum responds only weakly to 40 mM H2O2, but is rapidly oxidized by low doses of NaOCl. We further monitored basal EMSH changes and the H2O2 response in various mutants which are compromised in redox-signaling of ROS (OxyR, SigH) and in the antioxidant defense (MSH, Mtr, KatA, Mpx, Tpx). While the probe was constitutively oxidized in the mshC and mtr mutants, a smaller oxidative shift in basal EMSH was observed in the sigH mutant. The catalase KatA was confirmed as major H2O2 detoxification enzyme required for fast biosensor re-equilibration upon return to non-stress conditions. In contrast, the peroxiredoxins Mpx and Tpx had only little impact on EMSH and H2O2 detoxification. Further live imaging experiments using confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the stable biosensor expression and fluorescence at the single cell level. In conclusion, the stably expressed Mrx1-roGFP2 biosensor was successfully applied to monitor dynamic EMSH changes in C. glutamicum during the growth, under oxidative stress and in different mutants revealing the impact of Mtr and SigH for the basal level EMSH and the role of OxyR and KatA for efficient H2O2 detoxification under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quach Ngoc Tung
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vu Van Loi
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Mieth
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Milse
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Xu K, Wang G. Identification and characterization of peroxiredoxin 1 from Lateolabrax japonicus under biotic and abiotic stresses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:297-303. [PMID: 29964196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (Prxs) belong to a novel and evolutionarily conserved superfamily, which can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by ROS and play a vital role in immune responses. In the present study, a 995 base pairs (bp) Prx1 cDNA sequence (LjPrx1) with an open reading frame of 594 bp, which encoding 197 amino acid polypeptides was obtained from L. japonicus. Transcriptional expression analysis indicated that the LjPrx1 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, while a comparatively high expression level was detected in head-kidney and blood. After the recombinant LjPrx1 protein was acquired using a prokaryotic expression method, the antioxidant activity was assessed by the catalyzing hydrogen peroxide assay method, and the results showed that the recombinant LjPrx1 possessed an antioxidant activity in a temperature-dependent manner. To further study the function roles of LjPrx1 related to biotic and abiotic stresses, the head-kidney and blood were chosen for the following experiments, and a positive correlation between the expression of LjPrx1 and the different stresses was detected using qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this study provides useful information about the role of the LjPrx1 gene in defense against a variety of toxic factors in L. japonicus, which would broaden our current knowledge of Prx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Xu
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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19
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Reyes AM, Pedre B, De Armas MI, Tossounian MA, Radi R, Messens J, Trujillo M. Chemistry and Redox Biology of Mycothiol. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:487-504. [PMID: 28372502 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mycothiol (MSH, AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is the main low-molecular weight (LMW) thiol of most Actinomycetes, including the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects millions of people worldwide. Strains with decreased MSH content show increased susceptibilities to hydroperoxides and electrophilic compounds. In M. tuberculosis, MSH modulates the response to several antituberculosis drugs. Enzymatic routes involving MSH could provide clues for specific drug design. Recent Advances: Physicochemical data argue against a rapid, nonenzymatic reaction of MSH with oxidants, disulfides, or electrophiles. Moreover, exposure of the bacteria to high concentrations of two-electron oxidants resulted in protein mycothiolation. The recently described glutaredoxin-like protein mycoredoxin-1 (Mrx-1) provides a route for catalytic reduction of mycothiolated proteins, protecting critical cysteines from irreversible oxidation. The description of MSH/Mrx-1-dependent activities of peroxidases helped to explain the higher susceptibility to oxidants observed in Actinomycetes lacking MSH. Moreover, the first mycothiol-S-transferase, member of the DinB superfamily of proteins, was described. In Corynebacterium, both the MSH/Mrx-1 and the thioredoxin pathways reduce methionine sulfoxide reductase A. A novel tool for in vivo imaging of the MSH/mycothiol disulfide (MSSM) status allows following changes in the mycothiol redox state during macrophage infection and its relationship with antibiotic sensitivity. CRITICAL ISSUES Redundancy of MSH with other LMW thiols is starting to be unraveled and could help to rationalize the differences in the reported importance of MSH synthesis observed in vitro versus in animal infection models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work should be directed to establish the structural bases of the specificity of MSH-dependent enzymes, thus facilitating drug developments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 487-504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aníbal M Reyes
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Brandán Pedre
- 3 Center for Structural Biology , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussels, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - María Inés De Armas
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- 3 Center for Structural Biology , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussels, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Radi
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joris Messens
- 3 Center for Structural Biology , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussels, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Madia Trujillo
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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20
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Su T, Si M, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Yao S, Che C, Chen C. A thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin Q from Corynebacterium glutamicum plays an important role in defense against oxidative stress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192674. [PMID: 29438446 PMCID: PMC5811025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin Q (PrxQ) that belonged to the cysteine-based peroxidases has long been identified in numerous bacteria, but the information on the physiological and biochemical functions of PrxQ remain largely lacking in Corynebacterium glutamicum. To better systematically understand PrxQ, we reported that PrxQ from model and important industrial organism C. glutamicum, encoded by the gene ncgl2403 annotated as a putative PrxQ, played important roles in adverse stress resistance. The lack of C. glutamicum prxQ gene resulted in enhanced cell sensitivity, increased ROS accumulation, and elevated protein carbonylation levels under adverse stress conditions. Accordingly, PrxQ-mediated resistance to adverse stresses mainly relied on the degradation of ROS. The physiological roles of PrxQ in resistance to adverse stresses were corroborated by its induced expression under adverse stresses, regulated directly by the stress-responsive ECF-sigma factor SigH. Through catalytical kinetic activity, heterodimer formation, and bacterial two-hybrid analysis, we proved that C. glutamicum PrxQ catalytically eliminated peroxides by exclusively receiving electrons from thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system and had a broad range of oxidizing substrates, but a better efficiency for peroxynitrite and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the conserved Cys49 and Cys54 are the peroxide oxidation site and the resolving Cys residue, respectively. It was also discovered that C. glutamicum PrxQ mainly existed in monomer whether under its native state or functional state. Based on these results, a catalytic model of PrxQ is being proposed. Moreover, our result that C. glutamicum PrxQ can prevent the damaging effects of adverse stresses by acting as thioredoxin-dependent monomeric peroxidase could be further applied to improve the survival ability and robustness of the important bacterium during fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Geography And Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Shumin Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Chengchuan Che
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Bu R, Wang P, Zhao C, Bao W, Qiu L. Gene characteristics, immune and stress responses of PmPrx1 in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon): Insights from exposure to pathogenic bacteria and toxic environmental stressors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:1-16. [PMID: 28689775 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous, multifunctional and evolutionarily conserved enzymes that can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by ROS and play a vital role in immune responses. Here, a full-length Prx1 cDNA sequence (PmPrx1) was isolated from Penaeus monodon. The PmPrx1 cDNA was 951 base pairs (bp), encoding 198 amino acid polypeptides. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the PmPrx1 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested and had a comparatively high expression level in immune-associated tissues (gill, hepatopancreas). To explore the immune and anti-stress roles of PmPrx1, the gills and hepatopancreas were chosen as target tissues in Penaeus monodon and were challenged with bacteria (Vibrio harveyi and Streptococcus agalactiae) and toxic environmental stresses. To further clarify the immune function of PmPrx1 after bacterial challenge, the recombinant PmPrx1 protein was acquired using a prokaryotic expression method. The antioxidant activity of the recombinant PmPrx1 was assessed by the catalyzing hydrogen peroxide assay method, and the results showed obvious antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent and temperature-dependent manner. The antimicrobial activity of purified PmPrx1 protein was evaluated and further studied in vitro relying on a bacterial growth inhibition test which was conducted in both liquid and solid cultures. Furthermore, E. coli transferred with pRSET-PmPrx1 was dramatically protected in response to metal toxicity and H2O2 oxidative stress. In summary, this study provides useful information about the role of the Prx1 gene in defense against a variety of toxic factors in shrimps that help to further clarify the functional mechanism of Prx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Bu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Lihua Qiu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China.
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22
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Li K, Wang P, Chen C, Chen C, Li L, Song T. Light irradiation helps magnetotactic bacteria eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3638-3648. [PMID: 28752909 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) demonstrate photoresponse. However, little is known about the biological significance of this behaviour. Magnetosomes exhibit peroxidase-like activity and can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Magnetosomes extracted from the Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 show enhanced peroxidase-like activity under illumination. The present study investigated the effects of light irradiation on nonmagnetic (without magnetosomes) and magnetic (with magnetosomes) AMB-1 cells. Results showed that light irradiation did not affect the growth of nonmagnetic and magnetic cells but significantly increased magnetosome synthesis and reduced intracellular ROS level in magnetic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse the expression level of magnetosome formation-associated genes (mamA, mms6, mms13 and mmsF) and stress-related genes (recA, oxyR, SOD, amb0664 and amb2684). Results showed that light irradiation upregulated the expression of mms6, mms13 and mmsF. Furthermore, light irradiation upregulated the expression of stress-related genes in nonmagnetic cells but downregulated them in magnetic cells. Additionally, magnetic cells exhibited stronger phototactic behaviour than nonmagnetic ones. These results suggested that light irradiation could heighten the ability of MTB to eliminate intracellular ROS and help them adapt to lighted environments. This phenomenon may be related to the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of magnetosomes under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Beijing 100190, China
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23
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Hillion M, Imber M, Pedre B, Bernhardt J, Saleh M, Loi VV, Maaß S, Becher D, Astolfi Rosado L, Adrian L, Weise C, Hell R, Wirtz M, Messens J, Antelmann H. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GapDH of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is redox-controlled by protein S-mycothiolation under oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5020. [PMID: 28694441 PMCID: PMC5504048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycothiol (MSH) is the major low molecular weight (LMW) thiol in Actinomycetes and functions in post-translational thiol-modification by protein S-mycothiolation as emerging thiol-protection and redox-regulatory mechanism. Here, we have used shotgun-proteomics to identify 26 S-mycothiolated proteins in the pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM43989 under hypochlorite stress that are involved in energy metabolism, amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis, antioxidant functions and translation. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapDH) represents the most abundant S-mycothiolated protein that was modified at its active site Cys153 in vivo. Exposure of purified GapDH to H2O2 and NaOCl resulted in irreversible inactivation due to overoxidation of the active site in vitro. Treatment of GapDH with H2O2 or NaOCl in the presence of MSH resulted in S-mycothiolation and reversible GapDH inactivation in vitro which was faster compared to the overoxidation pathway. Reactivation of S-mycothiolated GapDH could be catalyzed by both, the Trx and the Mrx1 pathways in vitro, but demycothiolation by Mrx1 was faster compared to Trx. In summary, we show here that S-mycothiolation can function in redox-regulation and protection of the GapDH active site against overoxidation in C. diphtheriae which can be reversed by both, the Mrx1 and Trx pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hillion
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Imber
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brandán Pedre
- Center for Structural Biology, VIB, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Malek Saleh
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vu Van Loi
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Maaß
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonardo Astolfi Rosado
- Center for Structural Biology, VIB, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joris Messens
- Center for Structural Biology, VIB, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Wu C, Dai H, Yan L, Liu T, Cui C, Chen T, Li H. Sulfonation of the resolving cysteine in human peroxiredoxin 1: A comprehensive analysis by mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:785-792. [PMID: 28450148 PMCID: PMC5564515 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is an essential peroxidase that reduces cellular peroxides. It holds 2 indispensable cysteines for its activity: a peroxidatic cysteine (CP) for peroxide reduction and a resolving cysteine (CR) for CP regeneration. CP can be readily sulfonated to CP-SO3H by protracted oxidative stress, which inactivates Prx1 as a peroxidase. By comparison, sulfonation of CR to CR-SO3H in mammalian cells has only been reported once. The rare report of CR sulfonation prompts the following questions: "can CR-SO3H be detected more readily with the current high sensitivity mass spectrometers (MS)?" and "do CP and CR have distinct propensities to sulfonation?" Answers to these questions could shed light on how differential sulfonation of CP and CR regulates Prx1 functions in cells. We used a sensitive Orbitrap MS to analyze both basal and H2O2-induced sulfonation of CR and CP in either recombinant human Prx1 (rPrx1) or HeLa cell Prx1 (cPrx1). In the Orbitrap MS, we optimized both collision-induced dissociation and higher-energy collisional dissociation methods to improve the analytical sensitivity of cysteine sulfonation. In the basal states without added H2O2, both CP and CR were partially sulfonated in either rPrx1 or cPrx1. Still, exogenous H2O2 heightened the sulfonation levels of both CP and CR by ~200-700%. Titration with H2O2 revealed that CP and CR possessed distinct propensities to sulfonation. This surprising discovery of prevalent Prx1 CR sulfonation affords a motivation for future investigation of its precise functions in cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Wu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, The United States of America
| | - Huacheng Dai
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, The United States of America
| | - Lin Yan
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, The United States of America
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, The United States of America
| | - Chuanglong Cui
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, The United States of America
| | - Tong Chen
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, The United States of America
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, The United States of America.
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