1
|
Song M, Qiang Y, Zhao X, Song F. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1. [PMID: 38378992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex, and there are no effective treatments at present. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that is closely related to the development and function of the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, it is involved in regulating the process of neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we address the biological characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, this review highlights the underlying mechanistic linkages between cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the context of neurodegeneration. Finally, we also summarize the currently available cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitors and their prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 involved in neurodegenerative diseases can lead to the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of these devastating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong Qiang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duarte-Jurado AP, Loera-Arias MDJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A. Peroxiredoxin 5 overexpression decreases oxidative stress and dopaminergic cell death mediated by paraquat. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203860. [PMID: 37270067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) are thiol-dependent enzymes that scavenge peroxides. Previously, we found that Prdxs were hyperoxidized in a Parkinson's disease model induced by paraquat (PQ), which led to their inactivation, perpetuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Herein, we evaluated the redox state of the typical 2-Cys-Prx subgroup. We found that PQ induces ROS compartmentalization in different organelles, reflected by the 2-Cys-Prdx hyperoxidation pattern detected by redox eastern blotting. 2-Cys Prdxs are most vulnerable to hyperoxidation, while atypical 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is resistant and is expressed in multiple organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and cytoplasm. Therefore, we overexpressed human Prdx5 in the dopaminergic SHSY-5Y cell line using the adenoviral vector Ad-hPrdx5. Prdx5 overexpression was confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) and effectively decreased PQ-mediated mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS assessed with a mitochondrial superoxide indicator and DHE through IF or flow cytometry. Decreased ROS mediated by Prdx5 in the main subcellular compartments led to overall cell protection against PQ-induced cell death, which was demonstrated by flow cytometry using Annexin V labeling and 7-AAD. Therefore, Prdx5 is an attractive therapeutic target for PD, as its overexpression protects dopaminergic cells from ROS and death, which warrants further experimental animal studies for its subsequent application in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Duarte-Jurado
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Maria de Jesus Loera-Arias
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Histologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cho E, Che X, Ang MJ, Cheon S, Lee J, Kim KS, Lee CH, Lee SY, Yang HY, Moon C, Park C, Choi JY, Lee TH. Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:80122. [PMID: 36735291 PMCID: PMC9897727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in Prdx5 knockout (Prdx5Ko) male mice. To investigate the function of Prdx5 in the bone, osteoblasts were analyzed through immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, while osteoclasts were analyzed through RNA-sequencing. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was identified as a potential binding partner of Prdx5 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Prdx5 acts as a negative regulator of hnRNPK-mediated osteocalcin (Bglap) expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from the bone marrow-derived macrophages of Prdx5Ko mice showed enhanced expression of several osteoclast-related genes. These findings indicate that Prdx5 might contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast differentiation. This study proposes a new function of Prdx5 in bone remodeling that may be used in developing therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea,Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteOchangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation FoundationDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu H, Chen Y, Ma H, Wang Z, Zhang R, Jiao J. TRPC6 mediates high glucose-induced mitochondrial fission through activation of CDK5 in cultured human podocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:984760. [PMID: 36213244 PMCID: PMC9535336 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.984760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the precise mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in DN remain unclear. Transient receptor potential canonical channel-6 (TRPC6), a non-selective cation channel permeable to Ca2+, has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics. This study was therefore aimed to explore the regulatory role and mechanisms of TRPC6 in high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. Here we found that TRPC6 expression and TRPC6-induced Ca2+ influx were increased in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, the TRPC6 inhibitor and TRPC6 siRNA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelating agent, attenuated mitochondrial fission under HG conditions as well. Then, we found the activity of calpain and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was markedly enhanced in HG-treated podocytes, which can be blocked by pretreatment with the TRPC6 inhibitor. Calpain-1 inhibition by calpeptin or by calpain-1 siRNA transfection not only attenuated HG-induced mitochondrial fission but also reduced the activity of CDK5. Additionally, the CDK5 inhibitor and its siRNA decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in HG-treated podocytes. Collectively, we revealed the essential role of TRPC6 in regulating HG-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through the calpain-1/CDK5 pathway in human podocytes, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jundong Jiao,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pharmacological relevance of CDK inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105115. [PMID: 34182065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that cell cycle activation plays a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, terminal neurodegenerative disease that affects memory and other important mental functions. Intracellular deposition of Tau protein, a hyperphosphorylated form of a microtubule-associated protein, and extracellular aggregation of Amyloid β protein, which manifests as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques, respectively, characterize this condition. In recent years, however, several studies have concluded that cell cycle re-entry is one of the key causes of neuronal death in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The eukaryotic cell cycle is well-coordinated machinery that performs critical functions in cell replenishment, such as DNA replication, cell creation, repair, and the birth of new daughter cells from the mother cell. The complex interplay between the levels of various cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at different checkpoints is needed for cell cycle synchronization. CDKIs (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) prevent cyclin degradation and CDK inactivation. Different external and internal factors regulate them differently, and they have different tissue expression and developmental functions. The checkpoints ensure that the previous step is completed correctly before starting the new cell cycle phase, and they protect against the transfer of defects to the daughter cells. Due to the development of more selective and potent ATP-competitive CDK inhibitors, CDK inhibitors appear to be on the verge of having a clinical impact. This avenue is likely to yield new and effective medicines for the treatment of cancer and other neurodegenerative diseases. These new methods for recognizing CDK inhibitors may be used to create non-ATP-competitive agents that target CDK4, CDK5, and other CDKs that have been recognized as important therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim MH, Kim DY, Lee HJ, Park YH, Huh JW, Lee DS. Comparison of the protective effect of cytosolic and mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin 5 against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Redox Rep 2021; 26:53-61. [PMID: 33719938 PMCID: PMC7971343 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1901028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although glutamate is an essential factor in the neuronal system, excess glutamate can produce excitotoxicity. We previously reported that Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) protects neuronal cells from glutamate toxicity via its antioxidant effects. However, it is unclear whether cytosolic or mitochondrial Prx5 provides greater neuroprotection. Here, we investigated differences in the neuroprotective effects of cytosolic and mitochondrial Prx5. Methods: We analyzed patterns of cytosolic and mitochondrial H2O2 generation in glutamate toxicity using HyPer protein. And then, we confirmed the change of intracellular ROS level and apoptosis with respective methods. The mitochondrial dynamics was assessed with confocal microscope imaging and western blotting. Results: We found that the level of mitochondrial H2O2 greatly increased compared to cytosolic H2O2 and it affected cytosolic H2O2 generation after glutamate treatment. In addition, we confirmed that mitochondrial Prx5 provides more effective neuroprotection than cytosolic Prx5. Discussion: Overall, our study reveals the mechanisms of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS in glutamate toxicity. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial ROS and Prx5 are attractive therapeutic targets and that controlling these factors be useful for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- School of Life sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, e-biogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valek L, Tegeder I. Nucleoredoxin Knockdown in SH-SY5Y Cells Promotes Cell Renewal. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030449. [PMID: 33805811 PMCID: PMC7999887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (NXN) is a redox regulator of Disheveled and thereby of WNT signaling. Deficiency in mice leads to cranial dysmorphisms and defects of heart, brain, and bone, suggesting defects of cell fate determination. We used shRNA-mediated knockdown of NXN in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to study its impact on neuronal cells. We expected that shNXN cells would easily succumb to redox stress, but there were no differences in viability on stimulation with hydrogen peroxide. Instead, the proliferation of naïve shNXN cells was increased with a higher rate of mitotic cells in cell cycle analyses. In addition, basal respiratory rates were higher, whereas the relative change in oxygen consumption upon mitochondrial stressors was similar to control cells. shNXN cells had an increased expression of redox-sensitive heat shock proteins, Hsc70/HSPA8 and HSP90, and autophagy markers suggested an increase in autophagosome formation upon stimulation with bafilomycin and higher flux under low dose rapamycin. A high rate of self-renewal, autophagy, and upregulation of redox-sensitive chaperones appears to be an attractive anti-aging combination if it were to occur in neurons in vivo for which SH-SY5Y cells are a model.
Collapse
|
8
|
Amyloid-beta oligomers induce Parkin-mediated mitophagy by reducing Miro1. Biochem J 2021; 477:4581-4597. [PMID: 33155636 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with the accumulation of amyloid-beta oligomers (AβO). Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondria-specific autophagy (mitophagy) contributes to mitochondrial quality control by selectively eliminating the dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitochondria motility, which is regulated by Miro1, is also associated with neuronal cell functions. However, the role played by Miro1 in the mitophagy mechanism, especially relative to AβO and neurodegenerative disorders, remains unknown. In this study, AβO induced mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced Parkin-mediated mitophagy, and reduced mitochondrial quantities in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22 cells). We demonstrated that AβO-induced mitochondrial fragmentation could be rescued to the elongated mitochondrial form and that mitophagy could be mitigated by the stable overexpression of Miro1 or by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger-as assessed by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, using time-lapse imaging, under live cell-conditions, we verified that mitochondrial motility was rescued by the Miro1 overexpression. Finally, in hippocampus from amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1)/Tau triple-transgenic mice, we noted that the co-localization between mitochondria and LC3B puncta was increased. Taken together, these results indicated that up-regulated ROS, induced by AβO, increased the degree of mitophagy and decreased the Miro1 expression levels. In contrast, the Miro1 overexpression ameliorated AβO-mediated mitophagy and increased the mitochondrial motility. In AD model mice, AβO induced mitophagy in the hippocampus. Thus, our results would improve our understanding of the role of mitophagy in AD toward facilitating the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AβO-mediated diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Odnokoz O, Nakatsuka K, Wright C, Castellanos J, Klichko VI, Kretzschmar D, Orr WC, Radyuk SN. Mitochondrial Redox Signaling Is Critical to the Normal Functioning of the Neuronal System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:613036. [PMID: 33585478 PMCID: PMC7876342 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.613036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction often leads to neurodegeneration and is considered one of the main causes of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other age-related diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is tightly linked to oxidative stress and accumulating evidence suggests the association between oxidative stress and neurological disorders. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the role of pro-oxidative shift in cellular redox and impairment of redox-sensitive signaling in the development of neurodegenerative pathological conditions. To gain a more complete understanding of the relationship between mitochondria, redox status, and neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated the effect of mitochondrial thiol-dependent peroxidases, peroxiredoxins (Prxs), on the physiological characteristics of flies, which change with pathologies such as PD, ALS and during aging. We previously found that through their ability to sense changes in redox and regulate redox-sensitive signaling, Prxs play a critical role in maintaining global thiol homeostasis, preventing age-related apoptosis and chronic activation of the immune response. We also found that the phenotype of flies under-expressing Prxs in mitochondria shares many characteristics with the phenotype of Drosophila models of neurological disorders such as ALS, including impaired locomotor activity and compromised redox balance. Here, we expanded the study and found that under-expression of mitochondrial Prxs leads to behavioral changes associated with neural function, including locomotor ability, sleep-wake behavior, and temperature-sensitive paralysis. We also found that under-expression of mitochondrial Prxs with a motor-neuron-specific driver, D42-GAL4, was a determining factor in the development of the phenotype of shortened lifespan and impaired motor activity in flies. The results of the study suggest a causal link between mitochondrial Prx activity and the development of neurological disorders and pre-mature aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Odnokoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kyle Nakatsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Corbin Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jovelyn Castellanos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vladimir I Klichko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William C Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Svetlana N Radyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jia J, Zeng X, Xu G, Wang Z. The Potential Roles of Redox Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Thioredoxin. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:1759091421994351. [PMID: 33557592 PMCID: PMC7876756 DOI: 10.1177/1759091421994351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing studies have demonstrated the critical importance for redox proteins mediating neuronal protection in models of AD. This review briefly describes some of the risk factors contributing to AD, specifically highlighting the important roles of oxidative stress in the pathology of AD. Then this article concisely introduces the dysregulation and functions of two main redox enzymes, peroxiredoxins and glutaredoxins, in AD models. This review emphasizes the neuroprotective role of the third redox enzyme thioredoxin (Trx), an important multifunctional protein regulating cellular redox status. This commentary not only summarizes the alterations of Trx expression in AD patients and models, but also reviews the potential effects and mechanisms of Trx, Trx-related molecules and Trx-inducing compounds against AD. In conclusion, Trx has a potential neuroprotection in AD and may be very promising for clinical therapy of AD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical
College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University
Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou,
China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Szeliga M. Peroxiredoxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1203. [PMID: 33265993 PMCID: PMC7761365 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that oxidative/nitrosative stress contributes to the neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are one of the enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms neutralizing reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Since mammalian PRDXs were identified 30 years ago, their significance was long overshadowed by the other well-studied ROS/RNS defense systems. An increasing number of studies suggests that these enzymes may be involved in the neurodegenerative process. This article reviews the current knowledge on the expression and putative roles of PRDXs in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Department of Neurotoxicology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peroxiredoxin 5 deficiency exacerbates iron overload-induced neuronal death via ER-mediated mitochondrial fission in mouse hippocampus. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:204. [PMID: 32205843 PMCID: PMC7090063 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for cellular functions, including those of neuronal cells. However, an imbalance of iron homeostasis, such as iron overload, has been observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Iron overload causes neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial fission, dysregulation of Ca2+, ER-stress, and ROS production. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms between iron-induced oxidative stress and iron toxicity related to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in vivo are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the role of peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) in iron overload-induced neurotoxicity using Prx5-deficient mice. Iron concentrations and ROS levels in mice fed a high iron diet were significantly higher in Prx5−/− mice than wildtype (WT) mice. Prx5 deficiency also exacerbated ER-stress and ER-mediated mitochondrial fission via Ca2+/calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of Drp1 at Serine 637. Moreover, immunoreactive levels of cleaved caspase3 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus were higher in iron-loaded Prx5−/− mice than WT mice. Furthermore, treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, attenuated iron overload-induced hippocampal damage by inhibiting ROS production, ER-stress, and mitochondrial fission in iron-loaded Prx5−/− mice. Therefore, we suggest that iron overload-induced oxidative stress and ER-mediated mitochondrial fission may be essential for understanding iron-mediated neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and that Prx5 may be useful as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of iron overload-mediated diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Peroxiredoxin 5 Silencing Sensitizes Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells to Rotenone via DNA Damage-Triggered ATM/p53/PUMA Signaling-Mediated Apoptosis. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010022. [PMID: 31861721 PMCID: PMC7016837 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of thioredoxin peroxidases. Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the expression of Prxs may be involved in neurodegenerative diseases pathology. However, the expression and function of Prxs in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. Here, we showed that Prx5 was the most downregulated of the six Prx subtypes in dopaminergic (DA) neurons in rotenone-induced cellular and rat models of PD, suggesting possible roles in regulating their survival. Depletion of Prx5 sensitized SH-SY5Y DA neuronal cells to rotenone-induced apoptosis. The extent of mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation was increased by Prx5 loss. Furthermore, Prx5 knockdown enhanced the induction of PUMA by rotenone through a p53-dependent mechanism. Using RNA interference approaches, we demonstrated that the p53/PUMA signaling was essential for Prx5 silencing-exacerbated mitochondria-driven apoptosis. Additionally, downregulation of Prx5 augmented rotenone-induced DNA damage manifested as induction of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. The pharmacological inactivation of ATM revealed that ATM was integral to p53 activation by DNA damage. These findings provided a novel link between Prx5 and DNA damage-triggered ATM/p53/PUMA signaling in a rotenone-induced PD model. Thus, Prx5 might play an important role in protection against rotenone-induced DA neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu F, Collins MO, Harmse J, Choudhary JS, Grant SGN, Komiyama NH. Cell-type-specific visualisation and biochemical isolation of endogenous synaptic proteins in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:793-805. [PMID: 31621109 PMCID: PMC7079123 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the remarkable molecular complexity of synapses has been revealed, with over 1,000 proteins identified in the synapse proteome. Although it is known that different receptors and other synaptic proteins are present in different types of neurons, the extent of synapse diversity across the brain is largely unknown. This is mainly due to the limitations of current techniques. Here, we report an efficient method for the purification of synaptic protein complexes, fusing a high‐affinity tag to endogenous PSD95 in specific cell types. We also developed a strategy, which enables the visualisation of endogenous PSD95 with fluorescent‐protein tag in Cre‐recombinase‐expressing cells. We demonstrate the feasibility of proteomic analysis of synaptic protein complexes and visualisation of these in specific cell types. We find that the composition of PSD95 complexes purified from specific cell types differs from those extracted from tissues with diverse cellular composition. The results suggest that there might be differential interactions in the PSD95 complexes in different brain regions. We have detected differentially interacting proteins by comparing data sets from the whole hippocampus and the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Therefore, these novel conditional PSD95 tagging lines will not only serve as powerful tools for precisely dissecting synapse diversity in specific brain regions and subsets of neuronal cells, but also provide an opportunity to better understand brain region‐ and cell‐type‐specific alterations associated with various psychiatric/neurological diseases. These newly developed conditional gene tagging methods can be applied to many different synaptic proteins and will facilitate research on the molecular complexity of synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark O Collins
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johan Harmse
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Patrick Wild Centre for Research into Autism, Fragile X Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peroxiredoxin 5 Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Cell Death through the Regulation of Calcineurin-Dependent Mitochondrial Dynamics in HT22 Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00148-19. [PMID: 31358548 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00148-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is an essential neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). However, high glutamate concentrations can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. A hallmark of glutamate toxicity is high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger Ca2+ influx and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) is a well-known cysteine-dependent peroxidase enzyme. However, the precise effects of Prx5 on glutamate toxicity are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Prx5 in glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. We found that glutamate treatment induces endogenous Prx5 expression and Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of Drp1, resulting in mitochondrial fission and neuronal cell death. Our results indicate that Prx5 inhibits glutamate-induced mitochondrial fission through the regulation of Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of Drp1, and it does so by scavenging cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS. Therefore, we suggest that Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent mitochondrial dynamics are deeply associated with glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Consequently, Prx5 may be used as a potential agent for developing therapies against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases where it plays a key role.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kam MK, Lee DG, Kim B, Lee HS, Lee SR, Bae YC, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 4 ameliorates amyloid beta oligomer-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting ER-stress in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:573-588. [PMID: 31147869 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by amyloid beta oligomers (AβO), which induce cell death by triggering oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Oxidative stress is regulated by antioxidant enzymes, including peroxiredoxins. Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are classified into six subtypes, based on their localization and cysteine residues, and protect cells by scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) is unique in being localized to the ER; however, whether Prx4 protects neuronal cells from AβO-induced toxicity remains unclear, although Prx4 expression is upregulated in AβO-induced oxidative stress and ER stress. In this study, we established HT-22 cells in which Prx4 was either overexpressed or silenced to investigate its role in AβO-induced toxicity. AβO-stimulation of HT-22 cells with overexpressed Prx4 caused decreases in both AβO-induced ROS and ER stress (followed by ER expansion). In contrast, AβO stimulation caused increases in both ROS and ER stress that were notably higher in HT-22 cells with silenced Prx4 expression than in HT-22 cells. Consequently, Prx4 overexpression decreased apoptotic cell death and ameliorated the AβO-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+. Therefore, we conclude that Prx4 has a protective effect against AβO-mediated oxidative stress, ER stress, and neuronal cell death. Furthermore, these results suggest that Prx4 may be a target for preventing AβO toxicity in AD. Graphical abstract .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children/UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheonbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a family of thiol-associated peroxidases, are purported to play a major role in sensing and managing hydrogen peroxide concentrations and transducing peroxide-derived signals. Recent Advances: Prxs can act as detoxifying factors and impart effects to cells that can be either sparing or suicidal. Advances have been made to address the qualitative changes in Prx function in response to quantitative changes in the signal level and to understand how Prx activity could be affected by their own substrates. Here we rationalize the basis for both positive and negative effects on signaling pathways and cell physiology, summarizing data from model organisms, including invertebrates. CRITICAL ISSUES Resolving the relationship between the promiscuous behavior of reactive oxygen species and the specificity of Prxs toward different targets in redox-sensitive signaling pathways is a key area of research. Attempts to understand Prx function and underlying mechanisms were conducted in vitro or in vivo under nonphysiological conditions, leaving the physiological relevance yet to be defined. Other issues: Why despite the high degree of homology and similarities in subcellular and tissue distribution between Prxs do they display differential effects on signaling? How is the specificity of post-translational protein modifications determined? Other than chaperone-like activity, how do hyperoxidized Prxs function? FUTURE DIRECTIONS Genetic models with mutated catalytic and resolving cysteines should be further exploited to dissect the functional significance of individual Prxs in their different states together with their alternative reducing partners. Such an analysis may then be extended to help identify Prx-specific targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Radyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, Texas
| | - William C Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University , Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|