1
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Milunovic MM, Ohui K, Besleaga I, Petrasheuskaya TV, Dömötör O, Enyedy ÉA, Darvasiova D, Rapta P, Barbieriková Z, Vegh D, Tóth S, Tóth J, Kucsma N, Szakács G, Popović-Bijelić A, Zafar A, Reynisson J, Shutalev AD, Bai R, Hamel E, Arion VB. Copper(II) Complexes with Isomeric Morpholine-Substituted 2-Formylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Drugs Inhibiting Both Ribonucleotide Reductase and Tubulin Polymerization: The Morpholine Position Matters. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9069-9090. [PMID: 38771959 PMCID: PMC11181322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes as potential anticancer agents, possessing dual functionality as inhibitors of R2 ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and tubulin polymerization by binding at the colchicine site, presents a promising avenue for enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we describe the syntheses and physicochemical characterization of four isomeric proligands H2L3-H2L6, with the methylmorpholine substituent at pertinent positions of the pyridine ring, along with their corresponding Cu(II) complexes 3-6. Evidently, the position of the morpholine moiety and the copper(II) complex formation have marked effects on the in vitro antiproliferative activity in human uterine sarcoma MES-SA cells and the multidrug-resistant derivative MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Activity correlated strongly with quenching of the tyrosyl radical (Y•) of mouse R2 RNR protein, inhibition of RNR activity in the cancer cells, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Insights into the mechanism of antiproliferative activity, supported by experimental results and molecular modeling calculations, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Ohui
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Iuliana Besleaga
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Tatsiana V. Petrasheuskaya
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Denisa Darvasiova
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Vegh
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Judit Tóth
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- Center
for Cancer Research, Medical University
of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11158, Serbia
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School
of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United
Kingdom
| | - Anatoly D. Shutalev
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
- Inorganic
Polymers Department, “Petru Poni”
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
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2
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Podolski-Renić A, Čipak Gašparović A, Valente A, López Ó, Bormio Nunes JH, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Filipović NR. Schiff bases and their metal complexes to target and overcome (multidrug) resistance in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116363. [PMID: 38593587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. In this respect, Schiff base-related compounds (bearing a R1R2CNR3 bond) gained high interest during the past decades. Schiff bases are considered privileged ligands for various reasons, including the easiness of their preparation and the possibility to form complexes with almost all transition metal ions. Schiff bases and their metal complexes exhibit many types of biological activities and are used for the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Until now, 13 Schiff bases have been investigated in clinical trials for cancer treatment and hypoxia imaging. This review represents the first collection of Schiff bases and their complexes which demonstrated MDR-reversal activity. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Modulation of ABC transporter function, 2) Targeting lysosomal ABCB1 overexpression, 3) Circumvention of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux by alternative routes of drug uptake, 4) Selective activity against MDR cancer models (collateral sensitivity), 5) Targeting GSH-detoxifying systems, 6) Overcoming apoptosis resistance by inducing necrosis and paraptosis, 7) Reactivation of mutated p53, 8) Restoration of sensitivity to DNA-damaging anticancer therapy, and 9) Overcoming drug resistance through modulation of the immune system. Through this approach, we would like to draw attention to Schiff bases and their metal complexes representing highly interesting anticancer drug candidates with the ability to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia H Bormio Nunes
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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3
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Chen F, Tang H, Cai X, Lin J, Xiang L, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. Targeting paraptosis in cancer: opportunities and challenges. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:349-363. [PMID: 38177306 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cell death can be classified into two primary categories: accidental cell death and regulated cell death (RCD). Within RCD, there are distinct apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death pathways. Among the various forms of non-apoptotic RCD, paraptosis stands out as a unique mechanism characterized by distinct morphological changes within cells. These alterations encompass cytoplasmic vacuolization, organelle swelling, notably in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and the absence of typical apoptotic features, such as cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation. Biochemically, paraptosis distinguishes itself by its independence from caspases, which are conventionally associated with apoptotic death. This intriguing cell death pathway can be initiated by various cellular stressors, including oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and specific chemical compounds. Dysregulated paraptosis plays a pivotal role in several critical cancer-related processes, such as autophagic degradation, drug resistance, and angiogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of paraptosis. Additionally, it delves into the potential of paraptosis-related compounds for targeted cancer treatment, with the aim of enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing harm to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Hu Tang
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Xiutao Cai
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Limin Xiang
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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4
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Xiong K, Lin X, Kou J, Wei F, Shen J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Apoferritin-Cu(II) Nanoparticles Induce Oncosis in Multidrug-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302564. [PMID: 38073257 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) limits the application of clinical chemotherapeutic drugs. There is an urgent need to develop non-apoptosis-inducing agents that circumvent drug resistance. Herein, four therapeutic copper complexes encapsulated in natural nanocarrier apoferritin (AFt-Cu1-4) are reported. Although they are isomers, they exhibit significantly different organelle distributions and cell death mechanisms. AFt-Cu1 and AFt-Cu3 accumulate in the cytoplasm and induce autophagy, whereas AFt-Cu2 and AFt-Cu4 can quickly enter the nucleus and trigger oncosis. Excitedly, AFt-Cu2 and AFt-Cu4 show a strong tumor growth inhibition effect in mice models bearing multidrug-resistant colon xenograft via intravenous injection. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first example of metal-based nucleus-targeted oncosis inducers overcoming multidrug resistance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
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5
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Dharmasivam M, Kaya B, Wijesinghe TP, Richardson V, Harmer JR, Gonzalvez MA, Lewis W, Azad MG, Bernhardt PV, Richardson DR. Differential transmetallation of complexes of the anti-cancer thiosemicarbazone, Dp4e4mT: effects on anti-proliferative efficacy, redox activity, oxy-myoglobin and oxy-hemoglobin oxidation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:974-990. [PMID: 38239703 PMCID: PMC10793205 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The di-2-pyridylthiosemicarbazone (DpT) analogs demonstrate potent and selective anti-proliferative activity against human tumors. The current investigation reports the synthesis and chemical and biological characterization of the Fe(iii), Co(iii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), Zn(ii), Ga(iii), and Pd(ii) complexes of the promising second generation DpT analog, di-2-pyridylketone-4-ethyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp4e4mT). These studies demonstrate that the Dp4e4mT Co(iii), Ni(ii), and Pd(ii) complexes display distinct biological activity versus those with Cu(ii), Zn(ii), and Ga(iii) regarding anti-proliferative efficacy against cancer cells and a detrimental off-target effect involving oxidation of oxy-myoglobin (oxy-Mb) and oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb). With regards to anti-proliferative activity, the Zn(ii) and Ga(iii) Dp4e4mT complexes demonstrate facile transmetallation with Cu(ii), resulting in efficacy against tumor cells that is strikingly similar to the Dp4e4mT Cu(ii) complex (IC50: 0.003-0.006 μM and 72 h). Relative to the Zn(ii) and Ga(iii) Dp4e4mT complexes, the Dp4e4mT Ni(ii) complex demonstrates kinetically slow transmetallation with Cu(ii) and intermediate anti-proliferative effects (IC50: 0.018-0.076 μM after 72 h). In contrast, the Co(iii) and Pd(ii) complexes demonstrate poor anti-proliferative activity (IC50: 0.262-1.570 μM after 72 h), probably due to a lack of transmetallation with Cu(ii). The poor efficacy of the Dp4e4mT Co(iii), Ni(ii), and Pd(ii) complexes to transmetallate with Fe(iii) markedly suppresses the oxidation of oxy-Mb and oxy-Hb. In contrast, the 2 : 1 Dp4e4mT: Cu(ii), Zn(ii), and Ga(iii) complexes demonstrate facile reactions with Fe(iii), leading to the redox active Dp4e4mT Fe(iii) complex and oxy-Mb and oxy-Hb oxidation. This study demonstrates the key role of differential transmetallation of Dp4e4mT complexes that has therapeutic ramifications for their use as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Busra Kaya
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Tharushi P Wijesinghe
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Vera Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Miguel A Gonzalvez
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - William Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
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6
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Schaier M, Falcone E, Prstek T, Vileno B, Hager S, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Koellensperger G, Faller P, Kowol CR. Human serum albumin as a copper source for anticancer thiosemicarbazones. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad046. [PMID: 37505477 PMCID: PMC10405564 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are a class of biologically active compounds with promising anticancer activity. Their typical mechanism, especially of the clinically far developed representative Triapine, is chelation of iron (Fe), with the Fe-containing enzyme ribonucleotide reductase as primary intracellular target. However, for the subclass of terminally disubstituted, nanomolar-active derivatives like Dp44mT and Me2NNMe2, recent findings suggest that the chelation, stability, and reduction properties of the copper(II) (Cu) complexes are essential for their modes of action. Consequently, it is important to elucidate whether blood serum Cu(II) is a potential metal source for these TSCs. To gain more insights, the interaction of Triapine, Dp44mT or Me2NNMe2 with purified human serum albumin (HSA) as the main pool of labile Cu(II) was investigated by UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Subsequently, a size-exclusion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the differentiation of Cu species in serum was developed, especially separating the non-labile Cu enzyme ceruloplasmin from HSA. The results indicate that the TSCs specifically chelate copper from the N-terminal Cu-binding site of HSA. Furthermore, the Cu(II)-TSC complexes were shown to form ternary HSA conjugates, most likely via histidine. Noteworthy, Fe-chelation from transferrin was not overserved, even not for Triapine. In summary, the labile Cu pool of HSA is a potential source for Cu-TSC complex formation and, consequently, distinctly influences the anticancer activity and pharmacological behavior of TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schaier
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tomas Prstek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonja Hager
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Guan D, Zhao L, Shi X, Ma X, Chen Z. Copper in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114791. [PMID: 37105071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the basic trace elements for the structure and metabolism of human tissue is copper. However, as a heavy metal, excessive intake or abnormal accumulation of copper in the body can cause inevitable damage to the organism because copper can result in direct injury to various cell components or disruption of the redox balance, eventually leading to cell death. Interestingly, a growing body of research reports that diverse cancers have raised serum and tumor copper levels. Tumor cells depend on more copper for their metabolism than normal cells, and a decrease in copper or copper overload can have a detrimental effect on tumor cells. New modalities for identifying and characterizing copper-dependent signals offer translational opportunities for tumor therapy, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this article summarizes what we currently know about the correlation between copper and cancer and describes the characteristics of copper metabolism in tumor cells and the prospective application of copper-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Guan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Shi
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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8
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Ritacca AG, Falcone E, Doumi I, Vileno B, Faller P, Sicilia E. Dual Role of Glutathione as a Reducing Agent and Cu-Ligand Governs the ROS Production by Anticancer Cu-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3957-3964. [PMID: 36802558 PMCID: PMC9996813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
α-Pyridyl thiosemicarbazones (TSC) such as Triapine (3AP) and Dp44mT are a promising class of anticancer agents. Contrary to Triapine, Dp44mT showed a pronounced synergism with CuII, which may be due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Dp44mT-bound CuII ions. However, in the intracellular environment, CuII complexes have to cope with glutathione (GSH), a relevant CuII reductant and CuI-chelator. Here, aiming at rationalizing the different biological activity of Triapine and Dp44mT, we first evaluated the ROS production by their CuII-complexes in the presence of GSH, showing that CuII-Dp44mT is a better catalyst than CuII-3AP. Furthermore, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which suggest that a different hard/soft character of the complexes could account for their different reactivity with GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra G Ritacca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Iman Doumi
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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9
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Estradiol-Based Salicylaldehyde (Thio)Semicarbazones and Their Copper Complexes with Anticancer, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010054. [PMID: 36615247 PMCID: PMC9822434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel estradiol-based salicylaldehyde (thio)semicarbazones ((T)SCs) bearing (O,N,S) and (O,N,O) donor sets and their Cu(II) complexes were developed and characterized in detail by 1H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The structure of the Cu(II)-estradiol-semicarbazone complex was revealed by X-ray crystallography. Proton dissociation constants of the ligands and stability constants of the metal complexes were determined in 30% (v/v) DMSO/H2O. Estradiol-(T)SCs form mono-ligand complexes with Cu(II) ions and exhibit high stability with the exception of estradiol-SC. The Cu(II) complexes of estradiol-TSC and its N,N-dimethyl derivative displayed the highest cytotoxicity among the tested compounds in MCF-7, MCF-7 KCR, DU-145, and A549 cancer cells. The complexes do not damage DNA according to both in vitro cell-free and cellular assays. All the Cu(II)-TSC complexes revealed significant activity against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain. Estradiol-TSCs showed efficient antioxidant activity, which was decreased by complexation with Cu(II) ions. The exchange of estrone moiety to estradiol did not result in significant changes to physico-chemical and biological properties.
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10
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Emam SM, Bondock S, Aldaloa AA. Schiff Base Coordination Compounds Including Thiosemicarbazide Derivative and 4-Benzoyl-1, 3-Diphenyl-5-Pyrazolone: Synthesis, Structural Spectral Characterization and Biological Activity. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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11
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Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Developed to Overcome COTI-2 Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184455. [PMID: 36139615 PMCID: PMC9497102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COTI-2 is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of gynecological and other solid cancers. As a thiosemicarbazone, this compound contains an N,N,S-chelating moiety and is, therefore, expected to bind endogenous metal ions. However, besides zinc, the metal interaction properties of COTI-2 have not been investigated in detail so far. This is unexpected, as we have recently shown that COTI-2 forms stable ternary complexes with copper and glutathione, which renders this drug a substrate for the resistance efflux transporter ABCC1. Herein, the complex formation of COTI-2, two novel terminal N-disubstituted derivatives (COTI-NMe2 and COTI-NMeCy), and the non-substituted analogue (COTI-NH2) with iron, copper, and zinc ions was characterized in detail. Furthermore, their activities against drug-resistant cancer cells was investigated in comparison to COTI-2 and Triapine. These data revealed that, besides zinc, also iron and copper ions need to be considered to play a role in the mode of action and resistance development of these thiosemicarbazones. Moreover, we identified COTI-NMe2 as an interesting new drug candidate with improved anticancer activity and resistance profile.
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12
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Pellei M, Santini C, Bagnarelli L, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Venditti I, Meneghini C, Amatori S, Sgarbossa P, Marzano C, De Franco M, Gandin V. Exploring the Antitumor Potential of Copper Complexes Based on Ester Derivatives of Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169397. [PMID: 36012662 PMCID: PMC9409343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pz)2COOH) and bis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pzMe2)2COOH) were converted into the methyl ester derivatives 1 (LOMe) and 2 (L2OMe), respectively, and were used for the preparation of Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes 3–10. The copper(II) complexes were prepared by the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O or CuBr2 with ligands 1 and 2 in methanol solution. The copper(I) complexes were prepared by the reaction of Cu[(CH3CN)4]PF6 and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) or triphenylphosphine with LOMe and L2OMe in acetonitrile solution. Synchrotron radiation-based complementary techniques (XPS, NEXAFS, and XAS) were used to investigate the electronic and molecular structures of the complexes and the local structure around copper ions in selected Cu(I) and Cu(II) coordination compounds. All Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes showed a significant in vitro antitumor activity, proving to be more effective than the reference drug cisplatin in a panel of human cancer cell lines, and were able to overcome cisplatin resistance. Noticeably, Cu complexes appeared much more effective than cisplatin in 3D spheroid cultures. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antitumor potential did not correlate with cellular accumulation but was consistent with intracellular targeting of PDI, ER stress, and paraptotic cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Bagnarelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Meneghini
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Amatori
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.G.)
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13
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Falcone E, Ritacca AG, Hager S, Schueffl H, Vileno B, El Khoury Y, Hellwig P, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Sicilia E, Faller P. Copper-Catalyzed Glutathione Oxidation is Accelerated by the Anticancer Thiosemicarbazone Dp44mT and Further Boosted at Lower pH. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14758-14768. [PMID: 35929814 PMCID: PMC9389589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant thiol in mammalian
cells
and plays a crucial role in maintaining redox cellular homeostasis.
The thiols of two GSH molecules can be oxidized to the disulfide GSSG.
The cytosolic GSH/GSSG ratio is very high (>100), and its reduction
can lead to apoptosis or necrosis, which are of interest in cancer
research. CuII ions are very efficient oxidants of thiols,
but with an excess of GSH, CuIn(GS)m clusters are formed, in which CuI is very slowly reoxidized by O2 at pH 7.4 and
even more slowly at lower pH. Here, the aerobic oxidation of GSH by
CuII was investigated at different pH values in the presence
of the anticancer thiosemicarbazone Dp44mT, which accumulates in lysosomes
and induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization in a Cu-dependent
manner. The results showed that CuII-Dp44mT catalyzes GSH
oxidation faster than CuII alone at pH 7.4 and hence accelerates
the production of very reactive hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, GSH oxidation
and hydroxyl radical production by CuII-Dp44mT were accelerated
at the acidic pH found in lysosomes. To decipher this unusually faster
thiol oxidation at lower pH, density functional theory (DFT) calculations,
electrochemical and spectroscopic studies were performed. The results
suggest that the acceleration is due to the protonation of CuII-Dp44mT on the hydrazinic nitrogen, which favors the rate-limiting
reduction step without subsequent dissociation of the CuI intermediate. Furthermore, preliminary biological studies in cell
culture using the proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1 indicated that
the lysosomal pH plays a role in the activity of CuII-Dp44mT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Falcone
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessandra G Ritacca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Sonja Hager
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef El Khoury
- Laboratoire de bioélectrochimie et spectroscopie, UMR 7140, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de bioélectrochimie et spectroscopie, UMR 7140, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177), University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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14
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15
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Pósa V, Hajdu B, Tóth G, Dömötör O, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Spengler G, Gyurcsik B, Enyedy ÉA. The coordination modes of (thio)semicarbazone copper(II) complexes strongly modulate the solution chemical properties and mechanism of anticancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Wittmann C, Bacher F, Enyedy EA, Dömötör O, Spengler G, Madejski C, Reynisson J, Arion VB. Highly Antiproliferative Latonduine and Indolo[2,3- c]quinoline Derivatives: Complex Formation with Copper(II) Markedly Changes the Kinase Inhibitory Profile. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2238-2261. [PMID: 35104137 PMCID: PMC8842277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A series of latonduine
and indoloquinoline derivatives HL1–HL8 and their copper(II)
complexes (1–8) were synthesized and comprehensively
characterized. The structures of five compounds (HL6, [CuCl(L1)(DMF)]·DMF, [CuCl(L2)(CH3OH)], [CuCl(L3)]·0.5H2O, and [CuCl2(H2L5)]Cl·2DMF) were elucidated
by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The copper(II) complexes revealed
low micro- to sub-micromolar IC50 values with promising
selectivity toward human colon adenocarcinoma multidrug-resistant
Colo320 cancer cells as compared to the doxorubicin-sensitive Colo205
cell line. The lead compounds HL4 and 4 as well as HL8 and 8 induced apoptosis efficiently in Colo320 cells. In addition, the
copper(II) complexes had higher affinity to DNA than their metal-free
ligands. HL8 showed selective inhibition for
the PIM-1 enzyme, while 8 revealed strong inhibition
of five other enzymes, i.e., SGK-1, PKA, CaMK-1, GSK3β, and
MSK1, from a panel of 50 kinases. Furthermore, molecular modeling
of the ligands and complexes showed a good fit to the binding pockets
of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wittmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
| | - Felix Bacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
| | - Eva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
| | - Christian Madejski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
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17
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Mathuber M, Hager S, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Liposomal formulations of anticancer copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16053-16066. [PMID: 34617075 PMCID: PMC8594434 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02763h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-N-Heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones such as triapine and COTI-2 are currently investigated as anticancer therapeutics in clinical trials. However, triapine was widely inactive against solid tumor types. A likely explanation is the short plasma half-life time and fast metabolism. One promising approach to overcome these drawbacks is the encapsulation of the drug into nanoparticles (passive drug-targeting). In a previous work we showed that it was not possible to stably encapsulate free triapine into liposomes. Hence, in this manuscript we present the successful preparation of liposomal formulations of the copper(II) complexes of triapine and COTI-2. To this end, various drug-loading strategies were examined and the resulting liposomes were physico-chemically characterized. Especially for liposomal Cu-triapine, a decent encapsulation efficacy and a slow drug release behavior could be observed. In contrast, for COTI-2 and its copper(II) complex no stable loading could be achieved. Subsequent in vitro studies in different cell lines with liposomal Cu-triapine showed the expected strongly reduced cytotoxicity and DNA damage induction. Also in vivo distinctly higher copper plasma levels and a continuous release could be observed for the liposomal formulation compared to free Cu-triapine. Taken together, the here presented nanoformulation of Cu-triapine is an important step further to increase the plasma half-life time and tumor targeting properties of anticancer thiosemicarbazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Mathuber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Hager
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Petrasheuskaya TV, Wernitznig D, Kiss MA, May NV, Wenisch D, Keppler BK, Frank É, Enyedy ÉA. Estrone-salicylaldehyde N-methylated thiosemicarbazone hybrids and their copper complexes: solution structure, stability and anticancer activity in tumour spheroids. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:775-791. [PMID: 34453218 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The terminal N-mono- and dimethylated derivatives of an estrone-salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone hybrid and their highly cytotoxic Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized in addition to their structurally related simpler bicyclic analogues. Solution stability and structure of the complexes were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The monomethylation has a minor influence on the pKa values, while the dimethylation results in somewhat more acidic derivatives compared to the non-methylated derivatives, although all the compounds are neutral at physiological pH. Based on the speciation studies performed in a 30% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixture, the four novel ligands form fairly high-stability complexes with Cu(II) ions, in which they coordinate in mono-anionic (O‒,N,S) or di-anionic (O‒,N,S‒) binding modes. [CuLH‒1] species with (O‒,N,S‒)(H2O) coordination mode are present in solution at neutral pH, and these complexes were isolated and further studied. The Cu(II) complexes formed with the estrone hybrids were more stable in comparison with the bicyclic analogues. The terminal N-dimethylation results in the most stable complexes in a given ligand series. In vitro cytotoxicity of all the Cu(II) complexes was measured in 3D spheroids of HCT-116, A-549 and CH-1 human cancer cells which showed fairly low IC50 values (3.9‒17.1 μM). The Cu(II) complexes caused reduced tumour growth, and they activated the caspase-3 and caspase-7 endoproteases leading to apoptosis except the case of the complex formed with the monomethylated bicyclic derivative, where other type of mechanisms of action seems to induce the cell death. Anticancer Cu(II) complexes of mono- and dimethylated salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone-estrone hybrids possessing high solution stability and strong cytotoxic effect against 3D spheroids of a series of human cancer cells. 398x273 mm (150 x 150 DPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana V Petrasheuskaya
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, Austria
| | - Márton A Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Nóra V May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dominik Wenisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, Austria
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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19
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Enyedy ÉA, May NV, Pape VFS, Heffeter P, Szakács G, Keppler BK, Kowol CR. Complex formation and cytotoxicity of Triapine derivatives: a comparative solution study on the effect of the chalcogen atom and NH-methylation. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:16887-16902. [PMID: 33185224 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
α-N-Heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones are an important class of investigational anticancer drugs. The most prominent representative is 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Triapine), which has shown promising results in clinical trials and is currently evaluated in phase III. In this study, we investigated the influence of a chalcogen atom exchange from S (Triapine) to O (O-Triapine) and Se (Se-Triapine) and the methylation of the hydrazonic NH moiety (Me-Triapine) on their complexation with Fe(ii), Fe(iii) and Cu(ii) ions and their cytotoxicity. The main aim of this study was to characterize and compare the most feasible chemical forms in solution, their stability and redox properties, as well as to reveal the relationships of the solution speciation and kinetic data with cytotoxic activity. The complex equilibria and redox properties of the complexes were characterized by the combined use of pH-potentiometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. These revealed that Se-Triapine forms Cu(ii) complexes with higher, and O-Triapine with lower stability as compared with Triapine. Me-Triapine, which is not able to coordinate via the typical (N,N,S-) donor set, nevertheless coordinates to Cu(ii) with unexpected high stability. The Cu(ii) complexes of Se-Triapine and Me-Triapine can be relatively slowly reduced by glutathione at pH 7.4 (but not by ascorbate), similarly to Cu(ii)-Triapine. In contrast, the Cu(ii)-O-Triapine complex can be reduced by both reducing agents in rapid redox reactions. Se-Triapine and Triapine form high stability complexes with both Fe(ii) and Fe(iii) ions, while O-Triapine has a much stronger preference towards Fe(iii) and Me-Triapine towards Fe(ii). This difference in the iron preference of the ligands seems to have a strong impact on their cytotoxic effects, which was measured in a human uterine sarcoma cell line (MES-SA) and its multidrug-resistant subline (MES-SA/Dx5). The Cu(ii) complexes of these calcogensemicarbazones are moderately toxic, and the highest level of ROS generation was found for the Cu(ii) complex of O-Triapine, which is the most reducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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20
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Valente A, Podolski-Renić A, Poetsch I, Filipović N, López Ó, Turel I, Heffeter P. Metal- and metalloid-based compounds to target and reverse cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100778. [PMID: 34403910 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains the major cause of cancer treatment failure especially at the late stage of the disease. However, based on their versatile chemistry, metal and metalloid compounds offer the possibility to design fine-tuned drugs to circumvent and even specifically target drug-resistant cancer cells. Based on the paramount importance of platinum drugs in the clinics, two main areas of drug resistance reversal strategies exist: overcoming resistance to platinum drugs as well as multidrug resistance based on ABC efflux pumps. The current review provides an overview of both aspects of drug design and discusses the open questions in the field. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Altered expression of proteins involved in metal uptake, efflux or intracellular distribution, 2) Enhanced drug efflux via ABC transporters, 3) Altered metabolism in drug-resistant cancer cells, 4) Altered thiol or redox homeostasis, 5) Altered DNA damage recognition and enhanced DNA damage repair, 6) Impaired induction of apoptosis and 7) Altered interaction with the immune system. This review represents the first collection of metal (including platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and copper) and metalloid drugs (e.g. arsenic and selenium) which demonstrated drug resistance reversal activity. A special focus is on compounds characterized by collateral sensitivity of ABC transporter-overexpressing cancer cells. Through this approach, we wish to draw the attention to open research questions in the field. Future investigations are warranted to obtain more insights into the mechanisms of action of the most potent compounds which target specific modalities of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Babak MV, Ahn D. Modulation of Intracellular Copper Levels as the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Copper Complexes: Clinical Relevance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080852. [PMID: 34440056 PMCID: PMC8389626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital element required for cellular growth and development; however, even slight changes in its homeostasis might lead to severe toxicity and deleterious medical conditions. Cancer patients are typically associated with higher Cu content in serum and tumor tissues, indicating increased demand of cancer cells for this micronutrient. Cu is known to readily cycle between the +1 and +2 oxidation state in biological systems. The mechanism of action of Cu complexes is typically based on their redox activity and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to deadly oxidative stress. However, there are a number of other biomolecular mechanisms beyond ROS generation that contribute to the activity of anticancer Cu drug candidates. In this review, we discuss how interfering with intracellular Cu balance via either diet modification or addition of inorganic Cu supplements or Cu-modulating compounds affects tumor development, progression, and sensitivity to treatment modalities. We aim to provide the rationale for the use of Cu-depleting and Cu-overloading conditions to generate the best possible patient outcome with minimal toxicity. We also discuss the advantages of the use of pre-formed Cu complexes, such as Cu-(bis)thiosemicarbazones or Cu-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, in comparison with the in situ formed Cu complexes with metal-binding ligands. In this review, we summarize available clinical and mechanistic data on clinically relevant anticancer drug candidates, including Cu supplements, Cu chelators, Cu ionophores, and Cu complexes.
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22
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Besleaga I, Stepanenko I, Petrasheuskaya TV, Darvasiova D, Breza M, Hammerstad M, Marć MA, Prado-Roller A, Spengler G, Popović-Bijelić A, Enyedy EA, Rapta P, Shutalev AD, Arion VB. Triapine Analogues and Their Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Solution Speciation, Redox Activity, Cytotoxicity, and mR2 RNR Inhibition. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11297-11319. [PMID: 34279079 PMCID: PMC8335727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Three new thiosemicarbazones
(TSCs) HL1–HL3 as triapine
analogues bearing a redox-active phenolic moiety at the terminal nitrogen
atom were prepared. Reactions of HL1–HL3 with CuCl2·2H2O in anoxic methanol afforded three copper(II)
complexes, namely, Cu(HL1)Cl2 (1), [Cu(L2)Cl] (2′), and Cu(HL3)Cl2 (3), in good yields. Solution
speciation studies revealed that the metal-free ligands are stable
as HL1–HL3 at pH 7.4, while being air-sensitive in
the basic pH range. In dimethyl sulfoxide they exist as a mixture
of E and Z isomers. A mechanism
of the E/Z isomerization with an inversion at the
nitrogen atom of the Schiff base imine bond is proposed. The monocationic
complexes [Cu(L1–3)]+ are the most abundant
species in aqueous solutions at pH 7.4. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical
studies of 1, 2′, and 3 confirmed their redox activity in both the cathodic and the anodic
region of potentials. The one-electron reduction was identified as
metal-centered by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroelectrochemistry.
An electrochemical oxidation pointed out the ligand-centered oxidation,
while chemical oxidations of HL1 and HL2 as well as 1 and 2′ afforded several two-electron and four-electron
oxidation products, which were isolated and comprehensively characterized.
Complexes 1 and 2′ showed an antiproliferative
activity in Colo205 and Colo320 cancer cell lines with half-maximal
inhibitory concentration values in the low micromolar concentration
range, while 3 with the most closely related ligand to
triapine displayed the best selectivity for cancer cells versus normal
fibroblast cells (MRC-5). HL1 and 1 in the presence of 1,4-dithiothreitol are as
potent inhibitors of mR2 ribonucleotide reductase as triapine. Three triapine analogues HL1−HL3 bearing a
phenolic redox-active moiety showed moderate antiproliferative activity,
while one of the oxidation products HL2c′·CH3COOH revealed
high cytotoxicity in Colo205 and Colo320 cancer cell lines. Coordination
of HL1−HL3 to copper(II) increased strongly the cytotoxicity,
with complex 2′ showing IC50 values
of 0.181 and 0.159, respectively. The highest cytotoxicity of 2′ is likely due to the highest thermodynamic stability,
more negative reduction potential, and the lowest rate of reduction
by GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Besleaga
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iryna Stepanenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatsiana V Petrasheuskaya
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Denisa Darvasiova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Breza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Hammerstad
- Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Małgorzata A Marć
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexander Prado-Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Anatoly D Shutalev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Binding Models of Copper(II) Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Human Serum Albumin: A Speciation Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092711. [PMID: 34063080 PMCID: PMC8125041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes of thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) often exhibit anticancer properties, and their pharmacokinetic behavior can be affected by their interaction with blood transport proteins. Interaction of copper(II) complexes of an {N,N,S} donor α-N-pyridyl TSC (Triapine) and an {O,N,S} donor 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde TSC (STSC) with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by UV–visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at physiological pH. Asp-Ala-His-Lys and the monodentate N-methylimidazole were also applied as binding models. Conditional formation constants were determined for the ternary copper(II)-TSC complexes formed with HSA, DAHK, and N-methylimidazole based on the spectral changes of both charge transfer and d-d bands. The neutral N-methylimidazole displays a similar binding affinity to both TSC complexes. The partially negatively charged tetrapeptide binds stronger to the positively charged Triapine complex in comparison to the neutral STSC complex, while the opposite trend was observed for HSA, which demonstrates the limitations of the use of simple ligands to model the protein binding. The studied TSC complexes are able to bind to HSA in a fast process, and the conditional constants suggest that their binding strength is only weak-to-moderate.
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24
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Enyedy ÉA, Petrasheuskaya TV, Kiss MA, Wernitznig D, Wenisch D, Keppler BK, Spengler G, May NV, Frank É, Dömötör O. Complex formation of an estrone-salicylaldehyde semicarbazone hybrid with copper(II) and gallium(III): Solution equilibria and biological activity. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 220:111468. [PMID: 33951554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The solution chemical properties such as proton dissociation, complex formation with copper(II) and gallium(III) ions in addition to antibacterial and antitumor activity of a novel tridentate salicyaldehyde semicarbazone-estrone hybrid (estrone-SC) and a related bicyclic compound (thn-SC) were investigated. The crystal structure of complex [Cu(thn-SCH-1)Cl] was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Estrone-SC and thn-SC form mono-ligand complexes with Cu(II) characterized by relatively high stability, however, they are much less stable than their thiosemicarbazone analogues. The neutral Cu(II) complexes with (O-,N,O-)(H2O) coordination mode predominate at physiological pH. Estrone-SC and thn-SC are more efficient Ga(III) binders in comparison with thiosemicarbazones, although the complexes also suffer dissociation at pH 7.4. The Cu(II) complex of estrone-SC displayed significant cytotoxicity in A549, SW480 and CH1/PA cancer cells, and moderate apoptosis induction and ROS formation. The semicarbazone compounds did not exhibit antibacterial effect; unlike the related Cu(II)-thiosemicarbazone complexes represented by the fairly low MIC values (3-50 μM) obtained on the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tatsiana V Petrasheuskaya
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton A Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, 42, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Wenisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, 42, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Research Cluster 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, 42, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra V May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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25
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Relation of Metal-Binding Property and Selective Toxicity of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derived Mannich Bases Targeting Multidrug Resistant Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010154. [PMID: 33466433 PMCID: PMC7796460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Effective treatment of cancer is often limited by the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. A well-described mechanism supporting multidrug resistance (MDR) relies on the efflux of toxic drugs from cancer cells, mediated by P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Circumventing Pgp-mediated resistance is expected to make a significant contribution to improved therapy of malignancies. Interestingly, MDR cells exhibit paradoxical hypersensitivity towards a diverse set of anticancer chelators. In this study we explore the relation of chemical and structural properties influencing metal binding and toxicity of a set of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives to reveal key characteristics governing “MDR-selective” activity. We find that subtle changes in the stability and redox activity of the biologically relevant metal complexes significantly influence MDR-selective toxicity. Our results underline the importance of chelation in MDR-selective toxicity, suggesting that the collateral sensitivity of MDR cells may be targeted by preferential iron deprivation or the formation of redox-active copper(II) complexes. Abstract Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. A recently proposed strategy is to target the collateral sensitivity of multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer. Paradoxically, the toxicity of certain metal chelating agents is increased, rather than decreased, by the function of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which is known to confer resistance by effluxing chemotherapeutic compounds from cancer cells. We have recently characterized and compared the solution’s chemical properties including ligand protonation and the metal binding properties of a set of structurally related 8-hydroxyquinoline derived Mannich bases. Here we characterize the impact of the solution stability and redox activity of their iron(III) and copper(II) complexes on MDR-selective toxicity. Our results show that the MDR-selective anticancer activity of the studied 8-hydroxyquinoline derived Mannich bases is associated with the iron deprivation of MDR cells and the preferential formation of redox-active copper(II) complexes, which undergo intracellular redox-cycling to induce oxidative stress.
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26
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Bormio Nunes J, Hager S, Mathuber M, Pósa V, Roller A, Enyedy ÉA, Stefanelli A, Berger W, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Cancer Cell Resistance Against the Clinically Investigated Thiosemicarbazone COTI-2 Is Based on Formation of Intracellular Copper Complex Glutathione Adducts and ABCC1-Mediated Efflux. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13719-13732. [PMID: 33190481 PMCID: PMC7706001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COTI-2 is a novel anticancer thiosemicarbazone in phase I clinical trial. However, the effects of metal complexation (a main characteristic of thiosemicarbazones) and acquired resistance mechanisms are widely unknown. Therefore, in this study, the copper and iron complexes of COTI-2 were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity and impact on drug resistance in comparison to metal-free thiosemicarbazones. Investigations using Triapine-resistant SW480/Tria and newly established COTI-2-resistant SW480/Coti cells revealed distinct structure-activity relationships. SW480/Coti cells were found to overexpress ABCC1, and COTI-2 being a substrate for this efflux pump. This was unexpected, as ABCC1 has strong selectivity for glutathione adducts. The recognition by ABCC1 could be explained by the reduction kinetics of a ternary Cu-COTI-2 complex with glutathione. Thus, only thiosemicarbazones forming stable, nonreducible copper(II)-glutathione adducts are recognized and, in turn, effluxed by ABCC1. This reveals a crucial connection between copper complex chemistry, glutathione interaction, and the resistance profile of clinically relevant thiosemicarbazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia
H. Bormio Nunes
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Inorganic
Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sonja Hager
- Institute
of Cancer Research, Medical University of
Vienna, Borschkegasse
8a, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marlene Mathuber
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Vivien Pósa
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre and MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research
Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre and MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research
Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Alessia Stefanelli
- Institute
of Cancer Research, Medical University of
Vienna, Borschkegasse
8a, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute
of Cancer Research, Medical University of
Vienna, Borschkegasse
8a, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute
of Cancer Research, Medical University of
Vienna, Borschkegasse
8a, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, Vienna 1090, Austria
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27
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Milunović MNM, Palamarciuc O, Sirbu A, Shova S, Dumitrescu D, Dvoranová D, Rapta P, Petrasheuskaya TV, Enyedy EA, Spengler G, Ilic M, Sitte HH, Lubec G, Arion VB. Insight into the Anticancer Activity of Copper(II) 5-Methylenetrimethylammonium-Thiosemicarbazonates and Their Interaction with Organic Cation Transporters. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1213. [PMID: 32825480 PMCID: PMC7565988 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of four water-soluble salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with a positively charged trimethylammonium moiety ([H2LR]Cl, R = H, Me, Et, Ph) and four copper(II) complexes [Cu(HLR)Cl]Cl (1-4) were synthesised with the aim to study (i) their antiproliferative activity in cancer cells and, (ii) for the first time for thiosemicarbazones, the interaction with membrane transport proteins, specifically organic cation transporters OCT1-3. The compounds were comprehensively characterised by analytical, spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-5YSY after 24 h exposure and follows the rank order: 3 > 2 > 4 > cisplatin > 1 >>[H2LR]Cl. The copper(II) complexes showed marked interaction with OCT1-3, comparable to that of well-known OCT inhibitors (decynium 22, prazosin and corticosterone) in the cell-based radiotracer uptake assays. The work paves the way for the development of more potent and selective anticancer drugs and/or OCT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan N. M. Milunović
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleg Palamarciuc
- Department of Chemistry, Moldova State University, A. Mateevici Street 60, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova; (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Sirbu
- Department of Chemistry, Moldova State University, A. Mateevici Street 60, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova; (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, Nr. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Dumitrescu
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Strada Statale 14—km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy;
| | - Dana Dvoranová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Tatsiana V. Petrasheuskaya
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.V.P.); (E.A.E.)
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Eva A. Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (T.V.P.); (E.A.E.)
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marija Ilic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Petrasheuskaya TV, Kiss MA, Dömötör O, Holczbauer T, May NV, Spengler G, Kincses A, Čipak Gašparović A, Frank É, Enyedy ÉA. Salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone copper complexes: impact of hybridization with estrone on cytotoxicity, solution stability and redox activity. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper complex of a novel estrone–thiosemicarbazone hybrid with significant cytotoxicity, lipophilicity and solution stability in addition to its structurally related bicyclic analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana V. Petrasheuskaya
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Márton A. Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
| | - Nóra V. May
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology
| | - Annamária Kincses
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | | | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre
- University of Szeged
- H-6720 Szeged
- Hungary
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