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Ge M, Wang M, Liu Y, Yue H, Ding J, Wang X, Yao T, Gao H. Proteomic Analysis of Preeclampsia Amniotic Fluid Based on a Novel Solid-State Preservation Method. Biopreserv Biobank 2024. [PMID: 38452333 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Amniotic fluid (AF) plays a crucial role in diagnosing and predicting perinatal diseases, specifically preeclampsia (PE). Adequate preservation of AF samples is essential for advancing the development of PE-related biomarkers and understanding the disease's mechanisms. Materials and Methods: This study presents a method for preserving proteins in AF on a solid medium, specifically a nitrocellulose membrane, which is referred to as an AF membrane. Samples were collected from normotensive subjects and PE patients and treated with direct freezing and the AF membrane methods, respectively. Protein quality was assessed through sodium dodecyl sulfate-page and capillary electrophoresis. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with data-independent acquisition was employed for proteomic analysis. Bioinformatics analysis identified differentially expressed proteins and pathways distinguishing normotensive subjects from PE patients. Results: Comparison of the AF membrane method to the direct freezing method showed no significant impact on the protein content in the AF. The preservation methods employed did not result in evident protein differences or degradation in the AF obtained from both normotensive subjects and PE patients. Analysis based on Gene Ontology and HALLMARK gene sets revealed the upregulation of pathways associated with angiotensin, reactive oxygen species, and coagulation in PE patients. Furthermore, several biomarkers previously reported to be increased in PE serum, namely ENG, ERN1, FLT1, GDF15, HSPA5, LGALS3, PAPPA, PTX3, and SERPINE1, were significantly elevated in the AF. Conclusion: The AF membrane method proved to be highly effective, reliable, and durable for preserving proteins in AF samples. Preserving AF samples in a solid state holds significant value in discovering novel protein biomarkers and investigating the underlying mechanisms of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ge
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Yue
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlin Yao
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Bhosale TB, Shetty V. Salivary Biomarker Levels in Children with Sleep Problems Before and After Twin Block Therapy. Indian J Dent Res 2023; 34:391-395. [PMID: 38739818 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_88_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in sleep have a wide-ranging effect on a child's life profoundly impacting the standard of living. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in a group of children with class II malocclusion and sleep problems before and after twin block appliance therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven children aged 8-12 years with skeletal class II malocclusion and at least one sleep disorder participated in the study. All children were subjected to a recording of their sleep history and a clinical and radiographic examination. Pre-treatment levels of salivary TNF-α and MDA were recorded. A twin block appliance was custom made and delivered to every child. After a minimum follow-up period of 9 months, all children were recalled for a re-evaluation of salivary biomarker levels. RESULTS Levels of salivary biomarkers TNF-α and MDA significantly decreased in children following myofunctional therapy using a twin block appliance. CONCLUSION The measurement of TNF-α and MDA could be used as an alternative and noninvasive method to evaluate prognosis of twin block therapy for children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Balasaheb Bhosale
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Basilicata M, Pieri M, Marrone G, Nicolai E, Di Lauro M, Paolino V, Tomassetti F, Vivarini I, Bollero P, Bernardini S, Noce A. Saliva as Biomarker for Oral and Chronic Degenerative Non-Communicable Diseases. Metabolites 2023; 13:889. [PMID: 37623833 PMCID: PMC10456419 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a very complex fluid and it is essential to maintain several physiological processes and functions, including oral health, taste, digestion and immunological defenses. Saliva composition and the oral microbiome can be influenced by several factors, like diet and smoking habits, and their alteration can represent an important access point for pathogens and, thus, for systemic illness onset. In this review, we explore the potentiality of saliva as a new tool for the early detection of some pathological conditions, such as oral diseases, chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases, among these chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also examined the possible correlation between oral and systemic diseases and oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In particular, we deeply analyzed the relationship between oral diseases and CKD. In this context, some salivary parameters can represent a new device to detect either oral or systemic pathologies. Moreover, the positive modulation of oral and gut microbiota induced by prebiotics, postbiotics, or symbiotics could represent a new possible adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of oral diseases and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Basilicata
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Paolino
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vivarini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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4
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Bhosale TB, Shetty V, Bhandary M, Nayak PP. Salivary biomarker C-reactive protein levels in children with sleep problems and Class II malocclusion before and after twin-block therapy. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:190-196. [PMID: 37861632 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_338_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Disturbances in sleep affects the overall quality of a child's life, with several short- and long-lasting consequences. Hence, early diagnosis and monitoring is crucial in the management of sleep disorders in children. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a group of children with Class II malocclusion and sleep problems before and after twin-block appliance therapy. Settings and Design The study was a prospective clinical study with a 9-month follow-up period. Subjects and Methods Eleven children aged 8-12 years with skeletal Class II malocclusion and at least one sleep disorder were enrolled in the study. All children were subjected to a recording of their sleep history and a clinical as well as radiographic examination. Pretreatment levels of salivary CRP were recorded. A twin-block appliance was custom made and delivered to every child. At the end of 9-month follow-up, all children were recalled for a re-evaluation of salivary biomarker levels. Statistical Analysis Pretreatment and posttreatment changes in biomarker levels were assessed statistically using the students paired t-test. Results Levels of salivary biomarker CRP were significantly decreased in children following myofunctional therapy using a twin-block appliance (P < 0.001). There was a considerable improvement in the clinical symptoms such as a decrease in snoring and noisy breathing in most children post-twin-block therapy. Conclusion The measurement of salivary biomarker CRP could be used as an alternative and noninvasive method to evaluate prognosis of oral myofunctional therapy for children with sleep disordered breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti B Bhosale
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vabitha Shetty
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Meghna Bhandary
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prajna P Nayak
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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5
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Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Precision periodontal care: from omics discoveries to chairside diagnostics. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:971-978. [PMID: 36723713 PMCID: PMC9985578 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The interface of molecular science and technology is guiding the transformation of personalized to precision healthcare. The application of proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics is shaping the suitability of biomarkers for disease. Prior validation of such biomarkers in large and diverse patient cohorts helps verify their clinical usability. Incorporation of molecular discoveries into routine clinical practice relies on the development of customized assays and devices that enable the rapid delivery of analytical data to the clinician, while the patient is still in session. The present perspective review addresses this topic under the prism of precision periodontal care. Selected promising research attempts to innovate technological platforms for oral diagnostics are brought forward. Focus is placed on (a) the suitability of saliva as a conveniently sampled biological specimen for assessing periodontal health, (b) proteomics as a high-throughput approach for periodontal disease biomarker identification, and (c) chairside molecular diagnostic assays as a technological funnel for transitioning from the laboratory benchtop to the clinical point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels alle 8, 141 52, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels alle 8, 141 52, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Song M, Bai H, Zhang P, Zhou X, Ying B. Promising applications of human-derived saliva biomarker testing in clinical diagnostics. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 36596771 PMCID: PMC9810734 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva testing is a vital method for clinical applications, for its noninvasive features, richness in substances, and the huge amount. Due to its direct anatomical connection with oral, digestive, and endocrine systems, clinical usage of saliva testing for these diseases is promising. Furthermore, for other diseases that seeming to have no correlations with saliva, such as neurodegenerative diseases and psychological diseases, researchers also reckon saliva informative. Tremendous papers are being produced in this field. Updated summaries of recent literature give newcomers a shortcut to have a grasp of this topic. Here, we focused on recent research about saliva biomarkers that are derived from humans, not from other organisms. The review mostly addresses the proceedings from 2016 to 2022, to shed light on the promising usage of saliva testing in clinical diagnostics. We recap the recent advances following the category of different types of biomarkers, such as intracellular DNA, RNA, proteins and intercellular exosomes, cell-free DNA, to give a comprehensive impression of saliva biomarker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Song
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Bai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Precancerous and Cancerous Oral Lesions. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040060. [PMID: 36005828 PMCID: PMC9414906 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, accounting for 2% of all cases annually and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. To date, tissue biopsy and histopathological analyses are the gold standard methods for the diagnosis of oral cancers. However, oral cancer is generally diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor 5-year survival (~50%) due to limited screening programs and inefficient physical examination strategies. To address these limitations, liquid biopsy is recently emerging as a novel minimally invasive tool for the early identification of tumors as well as for the evaluation of tumor heterogeneity and prognosis of patients. Several studies have demonstrated that liquid biopsy in oral cancer could be useful for the detection of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and exosomes, thus improving diagnostic strategies and paving the way to personalized medicine. However, the application of liquid biopsy in oral cancer is still limited and further studies are needed to better clarify its clinical impact. The present manuscript aims to provide an updated overview of the potential use of liquid biopsy as an additional tool for the management of oral lesions by describing the available methodologies and the most promising biomarkers.
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Kunrath MF, Correia A, Teixeira ER, Hubler R, Dahlin C. Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152603. [PMID: 35957034 PMCID: PMC9370139 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic and nanotextured surfaces for dental implants have been reported as relevant properties for early osseointegration. However, these surface characteristics are quite sensitive to oral interactions. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the superficial alterations caused on hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces after early human saliva interaction. Titanium disks were treated using an anodization protocol followed by reactive plasma application in order to achieve nanotopography and hydrophilicity, additionally; surfaces were stored in normal atmospheric oxygen or wet conditioning. Following, samples were interacted with saliva for 10 min and analyzed regarding physical–chemical properties and cellular viability. Saliva interaction did not show any significant influence on morphological characteristics, roughness measurements and chemical composition; however, hydrophilicity was statistically altered compromising this feature when the samples were stored in common air. Cellular viability tested with pre-osteoblasts cell line (MC3T3-E1) reduced significantly at 48 h on the samples without wet storage after saliva contamination. The applied wet-storage methodology appears to be effective in maintaining properties such as hydrophilicity during saliva interaction. In conclusion, saliva contamination might impair important properties of hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces when not stored in wet conditions, suggesting the need of saliva-controlled sites for oral application of hydrophilic surfaces and/or the use of modified-package methods associated with their wet storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F. Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.F.K.); (C.D.); Tel.: +46-0722063757 (M.F.K.)
| | - André Correia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Eduardo R. Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
| | - Roberto Hubler
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil;
| | - Christer Dahlin
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.F.K.); (C.D.); Tel.: +46-0722063757 (M.F.K.)
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9
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The Impact of Early Saliva Interaction on Dental Implants and Biomaterials for Oral Regeneration: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042024. [PMID: 35216139 PMCID: PMC8875286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of saliva in the oral environment is relevant for several essential health processes. However, the noncontrolled early saliva interaction with biomaterials manufactured for oral rehabilitation may generate alterations in the superficial properties causing negative biological outcomes. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a compilation of all possible physical-chemical-biological changes caused by the early saliva interaction in dental implants and materials for oral regeneration. Dental implants, bone substitutes and membranes in dentistry possess different properties focused on improving the healing process when in contact with oral tissues. The early saliva interaction was shown to impair some positive features present in biomaterials related to quick cellular adhesion and proliferation, such as surface hydrophilicity, cellular viability and antibacterial properties. Moreover, biomaterials that interacted with contaminated saliva containing specific bacteria demonstrated favorable conditions for increased bacterial metabolism. Additionally, the quantity of investigations associating biomaterials with early saliva interaction is still scarce in the current literature and requires clarification to prevent clinical failures. Therefore, clinically, controlling saliva exposure to sites involving the application of biomaterials must be prioritized in order to reduce impairment in important biomaterial properties developed for rapid healing.
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Esteves E, Mendes AK, Barros M, Figueiredo C, Andrade J, Capelo J, Novais A, Rebelo C, Soares R, Nunes A, Ferreira A, Lemos J, Duarte AS, Silva RM, Inácio Bernardino L, Correia MJ, Esteves AC, Rosa N. Population wide testing pooling strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection using saliva. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263033. [PMID: 35089942 PMCID: PMC8797214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced frequent testing of populations. It is necessary to identify the most cost-effective strategies for the detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. Nasopharyngeal samples have been used for SARS-CoV-2 detection but require a healthcare professional to collect the sample and cause discomfort and pain to the individual. Saliva has been suggested as an appropriate fluid for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We have investigated the possibility of using pools of saliva samples to detect SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Two hundred and seventy-nine saliva samples were analyzed through RT-PCR of Envelope, Nucleocapsid and Open Reading Frame 1ab genes. Reproducibility assays showed an almost perfect agreement as well as high sensitivity (96.6%), specificity (96.8%), positive predicted value (96.6%), and negative predicted value (96.8%). The average Cycle Threshold of the genes detected was 29.7. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected when comparing the cycle threshold average of two consecutive reactions on the same positive saliva samples. Saliva samples have a higher median viral load (32.6) than in nasopharyngeal samples (28.9), although no significant differences were detected (p > 0.05). Saliva-pool samples allowed effective SARS-CoV-2 screening, with a higher sensibility (96.9%) on 10-sample pools than in 20-sample pools (87.5%). Regardless of pools size specificity was high (99.9%) and an almost perfect agreement was observed. Our strategy was successfully applied in population wide testing of more than 2000 individuals, showing that it is possible to use pooled saliva as diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Esteves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Karina Mendes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | | | | | - Joana Capelo
- Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Rebelo
- Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes
- Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Lemos
- Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel M. Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Maria José Correia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Rosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
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11
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Costa MM, Benoit N, Tissot-Dupont H, Million M, Pradines B, Granjeaud S, Almeras L. Mouth Washing Impaired SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1509. [PMID: 34441446 PMCID: PMC8391436 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study demonstrated the performance of the Salivette® (SARSTEDT, Numbrecht, Germany) as a homogeneous saliva collection system to diagnose COVID-19 by RT-qPCR, notably for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. However, for convalescent patients, the corroboration of molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in paired nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saliva samples was unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present work was to assess the concordance level of SARS-CoV-2 detection between paired sampling of NPSs and saliva collected with Salivette® at two time points, with ten days of interval. RESULTS A total of 319 paired samples from 145 outpatients (OP) and 51 healthcare workers (HW) were collected. Unfortunately, at day ten, 73 individuals were lost to follow-up, explaining some kinetic missing data. Due to significant waiting rates at hospitals, most of the patients ate and/or drank while waiting for their turn. Consequently, mouth washing was systematically proposed prior to saliva collection. None of the HW were diagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 positive using NPS or saliva specimens at both time points (n = 95) by RT-qPCR. The virus was detected in 56.3% (n = 126/224) of the NPS samples from OP, but solely 26.8% (n = 60/224) of the paired saliva specimens. The detection of the internal cellular control, the human RNase P, in more than 98% of the saliva samples, underlined that the low sensitivity of saliva specimens (45.2%) for SARS-CoV-2 detection was not attributed to an improper saliva sample storing or RNA extraction. CONCLUSIONS This work revealed that mouth washing decreased viral load of buccal cavity conducting to impairment of SARS-CoV-2 detection. Viral loads in saliva neo-produced appeared insufficient for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2. At the time when saliva tests could be a rapid, simple and non-invasive strategy to assess large scale schoolchildren in France, the determination of the performance of saliva collection becomes imperative to standardize procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Melo Costa
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.C.); (N.B.); (B.P.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.T.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.C.); (N.B.); (B.P.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.T.-D.); (M.M.)
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Tissot-Dupont
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.T.-D.); (M.M.)
- Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.T.-D.); (M.M.)
- Aix-Marseille-Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.C.); (N.B.); (B.P.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.T.-D.); (M.M.)
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- CRCM Integrative Bioinformatics Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.C.); (N.B.); (B.P.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.T.-D.); (M.M.)
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12
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Kunrath MF, Hubler R, Silva RM, Barros M, Teixeira ER, Correia A. Influence of saliva interaction on surface properties manufactured for rapid osseointegration in dental implants. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:757-766. [PMID: 34396855 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1964487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface treatments are designed to promote modified implant surfaces with positive interactions with the surrounding living tissues. However, the inadvertent early contact of these surfaces with oral fluids during surgery may lead to undesired conditions affecting osseointegration. This study aimed to investigate the possible alterations in the physico-chemical properties of modified-surfaces caused by early saliva exposure. Titanium (Ti) surfaces were exposed to three different samples of human saliva and later analyzed for protein adhesion, physico-chemical surface alterations, and osteogenic cell-viability. The results indicated that surface roughness was the most significant factor influencing saliva protein adsorption; moreover, hydrophilic surfaces had critically lost their characteristics after contact with saliva. Decreased cell viability was observed in cultures after contact with saliva. Early contact with saliva might negatively influence modified surface properties and local cell viability. Careful surgical insertion of implants with hydrophilic surfaces is recommended, particularly in sites where saliva interaction is prone to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Dentistry Department, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Hubler
- Materials and Nanoscience Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Silva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Eduardo R Teixeira
- Dentistry Department, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Correia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Viseu, Portugal
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13
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Optimization and Standardization of Human Saliva Collection for MALDI-TOF MS. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081304. [PMID: 34441239 PMCID: PMC8392517 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to unprecedented innovative scientific research to preclude the virus dissemination and limit its impact on life expectancy. Waiting for the collective immunity by vaccination, mass-testing, and isolation of positive cases remain essential. The development of a diagnosis method requiring a simple and non-invasive sampling with a quick and low-cost approach is on demand. We hypothesized that the combination of saliva specimens with MALDI-TOF MS profiling analyses could be the winning duo. Before characterizing MS saliva signatures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, optimization and standardization of sample collection, preparation and storage up to MS analyses appeared compulsory. In this view, successive experiments were performed on saliva from healthy healthcare workers. Specimen sampling with a roll cotton of Salivette® devices appeared the most appropriate collection mode. Saliva protein precipitation with organic buffers did not improved MS spectra profiles compared to a direct loading of samples mixed with acetonitrile/formic acid buffer onto MS plate. The assessment of sample storage conditions and duration revealed that saliva should be stored on ice until MS analysis, which should occur on the day of sampling. Kinetic collection of saliva highlighted reproducibility of saliva MS profiles over four successive days and also at two-week intervals. The intra-individual stability of saliva MS profiles should be a key factor in the future investigation for biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the singularity of MS profiles between individuals will require the development of sophisticated bio-statistical analyses such as machine learning approaches. MALDI-TOF MS profiling of saliva could be a promising PCR-free tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening.
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14
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Duarte D, Castro B, Pereira JL, Marques JF, Costa AL, Gil AM. Evaluation of Saliva Stability for NMR Metabolomics: Collection and Handling Protocols. Metabolites 2020; 10:E515. [PMID: 33352779 PMCID: PMC7766053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a salivary metabolic profile upon sample collection and preparation is determinant in metabolomics. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify metabolite changes during short-term storage, at room temperature (RT)/4 °C/-20 °C, and after sample preparation, at RT/4 °C (mimicking typical clinical/laboratory settings). Interestingly, significant metabolic inter-individual and inter-day variability were noted, probably determining sample stability to some extent. After collection, no changes were noted at -20 °C (at least for 4 weeks). RT storage induced decreases in methylated macromolecules (6 h); lactate (8 h); alanine (12 h); galactose, hypoxanthine, pyruvate (24 h); sarcosine, betaine, choline, N-acetyl-glycoproteins (48 h), while acetate increased (48 h). Less, but different, changes were observed at 4 °C, suggesting different oral and microbial status at different temperatures (with a possible contribution from inter-individual and inter-day variability), and identifying galactose, hypoxanthine, and possibly, choline esters, as potential general stability indicators. After preparation, addition of NaN3 did not impact significantly on saliva stabilization, neither at RT nor at 4 °C, although its absence was accompanied by slight increases in fucose (6.5 h) and proline (8 h) at RT, and in xylose (24 h) at 4 °C. The putative metabolic origins of the above variations are discussed, with basis on the salivary microbiome. In summary, after collection, saliva can be stored at RT/4 °C for up to 6 h and at -20 °C for at least 4 weeks. Upon preparation for NMR analysis, samples are highly stable at 25 °C up to 8 h and at 4 °C up to 48 h, with NaN3 addition preventing possible early changes in fucose, proline (6-8 h), and xylose (24 h) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Duarte
- CICECO—Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.); (B.C.)
| | - Beatriz Castro
- CICECO—Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.); (B.C.)
| | - Joana Leonor Pereira
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.P.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Joana Faria Marques
- GIBBO-Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, CEMBDE-COCHRANE Portugal—Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Luísa Costa
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.L.P.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Ana M. Gil
- CICECO—Department of Chemistry, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.); (B.C.)
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15
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Reyes-Serratos E, Marcet-Palacios M, Rosenfield D, Ritz T, Befus AD. A method to study protein biomarkers in saliva using an automated capillary nano-immunoassay platform (Wes™). J Immunol Methods 2020; 479:112749. [PMID: 31972214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditional immunoprobing techniques like Western blot continue to play a crucial role in the discovery and validation of biomarkers. This technique suffers from several limitations that affect reproducibility and feasibility for large-scale studies. Modern immunoprobing techniques have addressed several of these limitations. Here we contrast the use of Western blot and an automated capillary nano-immunoassay (CNIA), Wes™. We provide evidence highlighting the methodological advantages of Wes™ over Western blot in the validation of a novel biomarker, Calcium-binding protein and spermatid-associated 1 (hCABS1). While Wes™ offers a faster, more consistent approach with lower requirements for sample and antibody volumes, variations in expected molecular weights and computational algorithms used to analyze the data must receive careful consideration and assessment. Our data suggests that CNIA approaches are likely to positively impact biomarker discovery and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Reyes-Serratos
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Marcelo Marcet-Palacios
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A Dean Befus
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Amado F, Calheiros-Lobo MJ, Ferreira R, Vitorino R. Sample Treatment for Saliva Proteomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1073:23-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12298-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Hsiao YC, Chu LJ, Chen YT, Chi LM, Chien KY, Chiang WF, Chang YT, Chen SF, Wang WS, Chuang YN, Lin SY, Chien CY, Chang KP, Chang YS, Yu JS. Variability Assessment of 90 Salivary Proteins in Intraday and Interday Samples from Healthy Donors by Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12. [PMID: 29350471 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Saliva is an attractive sample source for the biomarker-based testing of several diseases, especially oral cancer. Here, we sought to apply multiplexed LC-MRM-MS to precisely quantify 90 disease-related proteins and assess their intra- and interindividual variability in saliva samples from healthy donors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed two multiplexed LC-MRM-MS assays for 122 surrogate peptides representing a set of disease-related proteins. Saliva samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers at three different time points (Day 1 morning and afternoon, and Day 2 morning). Each sample was spiked with a constant amount of a 15 N-labeled protein and analyzed by MRM-MS in triplicate. Quantitative results from LC-MRM-MS were calculated by single-point quantification with reference to a known amount of internal standard (heavy peptide). RESULTS The CVs for assay reproducibility and technical variation were 13 and 11%, respectively. The average concentrations of the 99 successfully quantified proteins ranged from 0.28 ± 0.58 ng mL-1 for profilin-2 (PFN2) to 8.55 ±8.96 μg mL-1 for calprotectin (S100A8). For the 90 proteins detectable in >50% of samples, the average CVs for intraday, interday, intraindividual, and interindividual samples were 38%, 43%, 45%, and 69%, respectively. The fluctuations of most target proteins in individual subjects were found to be within ± twofold. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study elucidated the intra- and interindividual variability of 90 disease-related proteins in saliva samples from healthy donors. The findings may facilitate the further development of salivary biomarkers for oral and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chin Hsiao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Ming Chi
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Fan Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shun Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ning Chuang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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SalivaPRINT Toolkit - Protein profile evaluation and phenotype stratification. J Proteomics 2018; 171:81-86. [PMID: 28843534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The value of the molecular information obtained from saliva is dependent on the use of in vitro and in silico techniques. The main proteins of saliva when separated by capillary electrophoresis enable the establishment of individual profiles with characteristic patterns reflecting each individual phenotype. Different physiological or pathological conditions may be identified by specific protein profiles. The association of each profile to the particular protein composition provides clues as to which biological processes are compromised in each situation. Patient stratification according to different phenotypes often within a particular disease spectrum is especially important for the management of individuals carrying multiple diseases and requiring personalized interventions. In this work we present the SalivaPRINT Toolkit, which enables the analysis of protein profile patterns and patient phenotyping. Additionally, the SalivaPRINT Toolkit allows the identification of molecular weight ranges altered in a particular condition and therefore potentially involved in the underlying dysregulated mechanisms. This tutorial introduces the use of the SalivaPRINT Toolkit command line interface (https://github.com/salivatec/SalivaPRINT) as an independent tool for electrophoretic protein profile evaluation. It provides a detailed overview of its functionalities, illustrated by the application to the analysis of profiles obtained from a healthy population versus a population affected with inflammatory conditions. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We present SalivaPRINT, which serves as a patient characterization tool to identify molecular weights related with particular conditions and, from there, find proteins, which may be involved in the underlying dysregulated cellular mechanisms. The proposed analysis strategy has the potential to boost personalized diagnosis. To our knowledge this is the first independent tool for electrophoretic protein profile evaluation and is crucial when a large number of complex electrophoretic profiles needs to be compared and classified.
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19
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Macheiner T, Huppertz B, Bayer M, Sargsyan K. Challenges and Driving Forces for Business Plans in Biobanking. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:121-125. [PMID: 28338345 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to increased utilization of biospecimens for research and emergence of new technologies, the availability and quality of biospecimens and their collection are coming more and more into focus. However, the long-term economic situation of biobanks is still mostly unclear. Also, the common sustainable utilization of various international biobanks is challenging due to local differences in sample processing, law and ethics. AIM This article discusses possible strategies to achieve a sustainable utilization of biospecimens as part of the business plan of biobanks. METHODS The following questions were addressed as part of a business plan: (1) How can a biobank build up and maintain an up-to-date infrastructure? (2) What kind of funding can support the sustainability of a biobank? (3) Is there an international solution for informed consents to enable sample and data sharing? (4) How can a biobank react during economically unstable periods? (5) Which kind of biobanking research is innovative? (6) What kind of education could be most needful for knowledge transfer in biobanking? (7) Does an expiration date for a biobank make sense according to the period of funding? CONCLUSION A strategy for optimal utilization begins with sharing of resources, infrastructure, and investments at the planning stage of a biobank, and continues to the transfer of knowledge and know-how by education. For clinical biobanks in particular, a long-term funding and cost recovery strategy is necessary for sustainable utilization.
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