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Gauttam VK, Munjal K, Chopra H, Ahmad A, Rana MK, Kamal MA. A Mechanistic Review on Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Pharmacologically Active Molecules for Targeting Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:10-30. [PMID: 38155468 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128274446231220113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy with phytochemicals is an emerging field of study with therapeutic potential. Obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal lipid profiles are all components of metabolic syndrome, which is a major public health concern across the world. New research highlights the promise of phytochemicals found in foods, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, as a sustainable and innovative method of treating this illness. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-sensitizing qualities are just a few of the many positive impacts shown by bioactive substances. Collectively, they alleviate the hallmark symptoms of metabolic syndrome by modulating critical metabolic pathways, boosting insulin sensitivity, decreasing oxidative stress, and calming chronic low-grade inflammation. In addition, phytochemicals provide a multimodal strategy by targeting not only adipose tissue but also the liver, skeletal muscle, and vascular endothelium, all of which have a role in the pathogenesis of MetS. Increasing evidence suggests that these natural chemicals may be useful in controlling metabolic syndrome as a complementary treatment to standard medication or lifestyle changes. This review article emphasizes the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals, illuminating their varied modes of action and their ability to alleviate the interconnected causes of metabolic syndrome. Phytochemical-based interventions show promise as a novel and sustainable approach to combating the rising global burden of metabolic syndrome, with the ultimate goal of bettering public health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Gauttam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Shiva Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Hmachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Munjal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Agriculture, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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Yaghoobian R, Sharifi M, Rezaee M, Vahidi H, Salehi N, Hosseini K. Caffeine Drug Interactions and its Clinical Implication After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Literature Review. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2023; 22:95-99. [PMID: 37216418 DOI: 10.1097/hpc.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hemodynamic and cardiovascular impacts of coffee and caffeine have long been controversial. However, due to the worldwide popularity of coffee and caffeinated beverages, it is essential to understand how they affect the cardiovascular system, specifically in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. This literature review was conducted to explore the cardiovascular effects of coffee and caffeine and their interactions with common drugs after acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention. The evidence suggests that moderate coffee and caffeine consumption is not associated with cardiovascular disease in healthy individuals and patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. The interactions of coffee or caffeine with common medications after acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention are less studied. However, based on the current human studies in this field, the only interaction is with the protective effect of statins on cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Yaghoobian
- From the Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifi
- From the Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- From the Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Vahidi
- Cardiology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Salehi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kaveh Hosseini
- From the Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maiese A, La Russa R, Del Fante Z, Turillazzi E, David MC, Frati P, Fineschi V. Massive β1-Adrenergic Receptor Reaction Explains Irreversible Acute Arrhythmia in a Fatal Case of Acute Pure Caffeine Intoxication. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 21:88-92. [PMID: 32918170 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, a naturally occurring purine-based alkaloid, is the most consumed psychostimulant worldwide. Since caffeine pharmacokinetics shows extreme interindividual variability, it is not easy to establish its toxic dose. Only a few cases of death due to acute caffeine intoxication have been described so far, the majority of which attributable to massive assumption of caffeine-based medications. We present a case of acute caffeine overdose due to ingestion of pure caffeine. The extremely high blood concentration of caffeine determined a strong cardiovascular response, leading to fatal arrhythmia, as supported by histological evidence of myocardial injury. Quantitation of catecholamines and their metabolites in urine samples was performed and showed level near the highest limit of normal ranges for norepinephrine and high level of epinephrine. Contraction band is a pathological modification of the myocell caused by the catecholaminergic action and can occur in conditions of alteration due to the interaction between calcium and catecholamines. We demonstrated the β1-adrenoceptor involvement in our fatal case by immunohistochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Zoe Del Fante
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara David
- Forensic Science Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS "Neuromed" - Neurosurgery Division, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS "Neuromed" - Neurosurgery Division, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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