1
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Reyes-Alcaraz A, Lucero Garcia-Rojas EY, Merlinsky EA, Seong JY, Bond RA, McConnell BK. A NanoBiT assay to monitor membrane proteins trafficking for drug discovery and drug development. Commun Biol 2022; 5:212. [PMID: 35260793 PMCID: PMC8904512 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization of membrane proteins plays a key role in many physiological functions; however, highly sensitive and versatile technologies are lacking to study such processes in real-time living systems. Here we describe an assay based on bioluminescence able to quantify membrane receptor trafficking for a wide variety of internalization mechanisms such as GPCR internalization/recycling, antibody-mediated internalization, and SARS-CoV2 viral infection. This study represents an alternative drug discovery tool to accelerate the drug development for a wide range of physiological processes, such as cancer, neurological, cardiopulmonary, metabolic, and infectious diseases including COVID-19. Membrane protein trafficking is monitored using split nanoluciferase. Receptor internalization leads to complementation on the early endosome and a bioluminescent response, and is applied to receptor internalization/recycling, antibody-mediated internalization and SARS-CoV2 entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfaxad Reyes-Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA.
| | - Emilio Y Lucero Garcia-Rojas
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Merlinsky
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Korea University, College of Medicine, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seol, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA.
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2
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Beltrán Hernández I, De Groof TWM, Heukers R, Oliveira S. In Vitro Assessment of Binding Affinity, Selectivity, Uptake, Intracellular Degradation, and Toxicity of Nanobody-Photosensitizer Conjugates. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:505-520. [PMID: 35505028 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers have recently been conjugated to nanobodies for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) to selectively kill cancer cells. The success of this approach relies on nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates that bind specifically to their targets with very high affinities (kD in low nM range). Subsequently, upon illumination, these conjugates are very toxic and selective to cells overexpressing the target of interest (EC50 in low nM range). In this chapter, protocols are described to determine the binding affinity of the nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates and assess the toxicity and selectivity of the conjugates when performing in vitro PDT studies. In addition, and because the efficacy of PDT also depends on the (subcellular) localization of the conjugates at the time of illumination, assays are described to investigate the uptake and the intracellular degradation of the nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Lehot V, Kuhn I, Nothisen M, Erb S, Kolodych S, Cianférani S, Chaubet G, Wagner A. Non-specific interactions of antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates with living cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5881. [PMID: 33723336 PMCID: PMC7961061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugates (AOCs) represent an emerging class of functionalized antibodies that have already been used in a wide variety of applications. While the impact of dye and drug conjugation on antibodies' ability to bind their target has been extensively studied, little is known about the effect caused by the conjugation of hydrophilic and charged payloads such as oligonucleotides on the functions of an antibody. Previous observations of non-specific interactions of nucleic acids with untargeted cells prompted us to further investigate their impact on AOC binding abilities and cell selectivity. We synthesized a series of single- and double-stranded AOCs, as well as a human serum albumin-oligonucleotide conjugate, and studied their interactions with both targeted and non-targeted living cells using a time-resolved analysis of ligand binding assay. Our results indicate that conjugation of single strand oligonucleotides to proteins induce consistent non-specific interactions with cell surfaces while double strand oligonucleotides have little or no effect, depending on the preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lehot
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Isabelle Kuhn
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marc Nothisen
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stéphane Erb
- BioOrganicMass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sergii Kolodych
- Syndivia SAS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- BioOrganicMass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guilhem Chaubet
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alain Wagner
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
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4
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Dovgan I, Koniev O, Kolodych S, Wagner A. Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugates as Therapeutic, Imaging, and Detection Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2483-2501. [PMID: 31339691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) are a novel class of synthetic chimeric biomolecules that has been continually gaining traction in different fields of modern biotechnology. This is mainly due to the unique combination of the properties of their two constituents, exceptional targeting abilities and antibody biodistribution profiles, in addition to an extensive scope of oligonucleotide functional and structural roles. Combining these two classes of biomolecules in one chimeric construct has therefore become an important milestone in the development of numerous biotechnological applications, including imaging (DNA-PAINT), detection (PLA, PEA), and therapeutics (targeted siRNA/antisense delivery). Numerous synthetic approaches have been developed to access AOCs ranging from stochastic chemical bioconjugation to site-specific conjugation with reactive handles, introduced into antibody sequences through protein engineering. This Review gives a general overview of the current status of AOC applications with a specific emphasis on the synthetic methods used for their preparation. The reported synthetic techniques are discussed in terms of their practical aspects and limitations. The importance of the development of novel methods for the facile generation of AOCs possessing a defined constitution is highlighted as a priority in AOC research to ensure the advance of their new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Dovgan
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis , University of Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin , 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France
| | - Oleksandr Koniev
- Syndivia SAS , 650 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach , 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France
| | - Sergii Kolodych
- Syndivia SAS , 650 Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach , 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France
| | - Alain Wagner
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis , University of Strasbourg , 74 Route du Rhin , 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France
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5
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Liu G. A Revisit to the Pretargeting Concept-A Target Conversion. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 30618765 PMCID: PMC6304396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretargeting is often used as a tumor targeting strategy that provides much higher tumor to non-tumor ratios than direct-targeting using radiolabeled antibody. Due to the multiple injections, pretargeting is investigated less than direct targeting, but the high T/NT ratios have rendered it more useful for therapy. While the progress in using this strategy for tumor therapy has been regularly reviewed in the literature, this review focuses on the nature and quantitative understanding of the pretargeting concept. By doing so, it is the goal of this review to accelerate pretargeting development and translation to the clinic and to prepare the researchers who are not familiar with the pretargeting concept but are interested in applying it. The quantitative understanding is presented in a way understandable to the average researchers in the areas of drug development and clinical translation who have the basic concept of calculus and general chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, United States
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6
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van der Wal S, de Korne CM, Sand LGL, van Willigen DM, Hogendoorn PCW, Szuhai K, van Leeuwen FWB, Buckle T. Bioorthogonally Applicable Fluorescence Deactivation Strategy for Receptor Kinetics Study and Theranostic Pretargeting Approaches. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1758-1765. [PMID: 29863301 PMCID: PMC6120557 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The availability of a receptor for theranostic pretargeting approaches was assessed by use of a new click-chemistry-based deactivatable fluorescence-quenching concept. The efficacy was evaluated in a cell-based model system featuring both membranous (available) and internalized (unavailable) receptor fractions of the clinically relevant receptor chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Proof of concept was achieved with a deactivatable tracer consisting of a CXCR4-specific peptide functionalized with a Cy5 dye bearing a chemoselective azide handle (N3 -Cy5-AcTZ14011). Treatment with a Cy7 quencher dye (Cy7-DBCO) resulted in optically silent Cy7-[click]-Cy5-AcTZ14011. In situ, a >90 % FRET-based reduction of the signal intensity of N3 -Cy5-AcTZ14011 [KD =(222.4±25.2) nm] was seen within minutes after quencher addition. In cells, discrimination between the membranous and the internalized receptor fraction could be achieved through quantitative assessment of quenching/internalization kinetics. Similar evaluation of an activatable tracer variant based on the same targeting moiety (Cy5-S-S-Cy3-AcTZ14011) was unsuccessful in vitro. As such, using the described deactivatable approach to screen membrane receptors and their applicability in receptor-(pre-)targeted theranostics can become straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen van der Wal
- Interventional Molecular Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Interventional Molecular Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Laurens G. L. Sand
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell TherapySt. Jude Children's Research Hospital262 Danny Thomas PlaceMemphisTN38105USA
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging LaboratoryDepartment of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlbinusdreef 22333 ZALeidenThe Netherlands
- Division of Molecular PathologyNetherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL)Plesmanlaan 1211066 CXAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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7
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Green DJ, O'Steen S, Lin Y, Comstock ML, Kenoyer AL, Hamlin DK, Wilbur DS, Fisher DR, Nartea M, Hylarides MD, Gopal AK, Gooley TA, Orozco JJ, Till BG, Orcutt KD, Wittrup KD, Press OW. CD38-bispecific antibody pretargeted radioimmunotherapy for multiple myeloma and other B-cell malignancies. Blood 2018; 131:611-620. [PMID: 29158362 PMCID: PMC5805491 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-807610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) has demonstrated remarkable efficacy targeting tumor antigens, but immunogenicity and endogenous biotin blocking may limit clinical translation. We describe a new PRIT approach for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and other B-cell malignancies, for which we developed an anti-CD38-bispecific fusion protein that eliminates endogenous biotin interference and immunogenic elements. In murine xenograft models of MM and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the CD38-bispecific construct demonstrated excellent blood clearance and tumor targeting. Dosimetry calculations showed a tumor-absorbed dose of 43.8 Gy per millicurie injected dose of 90Y, with tumor-to-normal organ dose ratios of 7:1 for liver and 15:1 for lung and kidney. In therapy studies, CD38-bispecific PRIT resulted in 100% complete remissions by day 12 in MM and NHL xenograft models, ultimately curing 80% of mice at optimal doses. In direct comparisons, efficacy of the CD38 bispecific proved equal or superior to streptavidin (SA)-biotin-based CD38-SA PRIT. Each approach cured at least 75% of mice at the highest radiation dose tested (1200 µCi), whereas at 600- and 1000-µCi doses, the bispecific outperformed the SA approach, curing 35% more mice overall (P < .004). The high efficacy of bispecific PRIT, combined with its reduced risk of immunogenicity and endogenous biotin interference, make the CD38 bispecific an attractive candidate for clinical translation. Critically, CD38 PRIT may benefit patients with unresponsive, high-risk disease because refractory disease typically retains radiation sensitivity. We posit that PRIT might not only prolong survival, but possibly cure MM and treatment-refractory NHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Green
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Shyril O'Steen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Yukang Lin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Melissa L Comstock
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aimee L Kenoyer
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Donald K Hamlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - D Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Margaret Nartea
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark D Hylarides
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ajay K Gopal
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Theodore A Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Johnnie J Orozco
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Brian G Till
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Kelly D Orcutt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Oliver W Press
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine and
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8
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Schubert M, Bergmann R, Förster C, Sihver W, Vonhoff S, Klussmann S, Bethge L, Walther M, Schlesinger J, Pietzsch J, Steinbach J, Pietzsch HJ. Novel Tumor Pretargeting System Based on Complementary l-Configured Oligonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1176-1188. [PMID: 28222590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural mirror image l-configured oligonucleotides (L-ONs) are a convenient substance class for the application as complementary in vivo recognition system between a tumor specific antibody and a smaller radiolabeled effector molecule in pretargeting approaches. The high hybridization velocity and defined melting conditions are excellent preconditions of the L-ON based methodology. Their high metabolic stability and negligible unspecific binding to endogenous targets are superior characteristics in comparison to their d-configured analogs. In this study, a radiopharmacological evaluation of a new l-ONs based pretargeting system using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) specific antibody cetuximab (C225) as target-seeking component is presented. An optimized PEGylated 17mer-L-DNA was conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA (NOTA') to permit radiolabeling with the radionuclide 64Cu. C225 was modified with the complementary 17mer-L-DNA (c-L-DNA) strand as well as with NOTA' for radiolabeling and use for positron emission tomography (PET). Two C225 conjugates were coupled with 1.5 and 5.0 c-L-DNA molecules, respectively. In vitro characterization was done with respect to hybridization studies, competition and saturation binding assays in EGFR expressing squamous cell carcinoma cell lines A431 and FaDu. The modified C225 derivatives exhibited high binding affinities in the low nanomolar range to the EGFR. PET and biodistribution experiments on FaDu tumor bearing mice with directly 64Cu-labeled NOTA'3-C225-(c-L-DNA)1.5 conjugate revealed that a pretargeting interval of 24 h might be a good compromise between tumor accumulation, internalization, blood background, and liver uptake of the antibody. Despite internalization of the antibody in vivo pretargeting experiments showed an adequate hybridization of 64Cu-radiolabeled NOTA'-L-DNA to the tumor located antibody and a good tumor-to-muscle ratio of about 11 resulting in a clearly visible image of the tumor after 24 h up to 72 h. Furthermore, low accumulation of radioactivity in organs responsible for metabolism and excretion was determined. The presented results indicate a high potential of complementary L-ONs for the pretargeting approach which can also be applied to therapeutic radionuclides such as 177Lu, 90Y, 186Re, or 188Re.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Schubert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Förster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sihver
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Walther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Schlesinger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden , School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden , School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Differing from the conventional direct-targeting strategy in which a probe or payload is directly loaded onto a targeting molecule that binds to the native target, pretargeting is an improved targeting strategy. It converts the native target to an artificial target specific for a secondary targeting molecule loaded with the probe or payload (effector). The effector is small and does not accumulate in normal tissues, which accelerates the targeting process and generates high target to nontarget ratios. DNA/cDNA analogs can serve as the recognition pair, i.e., the artificial target and the secondary targeting effector. Morpholino oligomers are so far the most investigated and the most successful DNA/cDNA analog recognition pairs for pretargeting. Herein, we describe the pretargeting principles, the pretargeting strategy using Morpholino oligomers, and the preclinical success so far achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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10
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Piramoon M, Hosseinimehr SJ, Omidfar K, Noaparast Z, Abedi SM. 99m Tc-anti-epidermal growth factor receptor nanobody for tumor imaging. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:498-504. [PMID: 27650045 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanobodies are important biomolecules for tumor targeting. In this study, we synthesized and labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nanobody OA-cb6 with 99m Tc(CO)3+ and evaluated its characteristics for targeting the EGFR in the A431 human epidermal carcinoma cell line. Nanobody radiolabeling was achieved with high yield and radiochemical purity, and the radioconjugate was stable. Biodistribution results in nude mice exhibited a favorable tumor-to-muscle ratio at 4-hr postinjection, and tumor location was visualized at 4 hr after injection of radiolabeled nanobody. Our result showed that the OA-cb6-99m Tc-tricarbonyl radiolabeled nanobody is a promising radiolabeled biomolecule for tumor imaging in cancers with high EGFR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Piramoon
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Noaparast
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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11
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Green DJ, Frayo SL, Lin Y, Hamlin DK, Fisher DR, Frost SHL, Kenoyer AL, Hylarides MD, Gopal AK, Gooley TA, Orozco JJ, Till BG, O'Steen S, Orcutt KD, Wilbur DS, Wittrup KD, Press OW. Comparative Analysis of Bispecific Antibody and Streptavidin-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy for B-cell Cancers. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6669-6679. [PMID: 27590740 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptavidin (SA)-biotin pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) that targets CD20 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exhibits remarkable efficacy in model systems, but SA immunogenicity and interference by endogenous biotin may complicate clinical translation of this approach. In this study, we engineered a bispecific fusion protein (FP) that evades the limitations imposed by this system. Briefly, one arm of the FP was an anti-human CD20 antibody (2H7), with the other arm of the FP an anti-chelated radiometal trap for a radiolabeled ligand (yttrium[Y]-DOTA) captured by a very high-affinity anti-Y-DOTA scFv antibody (C825). Head-to-head biodistribution experiments comparing SA-biotin and bispecific FP (2H7-Fc-C825) PRIT in murine subjects bearing human lymphoma xenografts demonstrated nearly identical tumor targeting by each modality at 24 hours. However, residual radioactivity in the blood and normal organs was consistently higher following administration of 1F5-SA compared with 2H7-Fc-C825. Consequently, tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of distribution were superior for 2H7-Fc-C825 (P < 0.0001). Therapy studies in subjects bearing either Ramos or Granta subcutaneous lymphomas demonstrated that 2H7-Fc-C825 PRIT is highly effective and significantly less myelosuppressive than 1F5-SA (P < 0.0001). All animals receiving optimal doses of 2H7-Fc-C825 followed by 90Y-DOTA were cured by 150 days, whereas the growth of tumors in control animals progressed rapidly with complete morbidity by 25 days. In addition to demonstrating reduced risk of immunogenicity and an absence of endogenous biotin interference, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the preferred use of bispecific PRIT in future clinical trials, due to a slightly superior biodistribution profile, less myelosuppression, and superior efficacy. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6669-79. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Green
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shani L Frayo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yukang Lin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Donald K Hamlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sofia H L Frost
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aimee L Kenoyer
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark D Hylarides
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ajay K Gopal
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theodore A Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Johnnie J Orozco
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian G Till
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shyril O'Steen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kelly D Orcutt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oliver W Press
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Liu G, Dou S, Akalin A, Rusckowski M, Streeter PR, Shultz LD, Greiner DL. Pretargeting vs. direct targeting of human betalox5 islet cells subcutaneously implanted in mice using an anti-human islet cell antibody. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:645-51. [PMID: 22316614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously demonstrated MORF/cMORF pretargeting of human islets and betalox 5 cells (a human beta cell line) transplanted subcutaneously in mice with the anti-human islet antibody, HPi1. We now compare pretargeting with direct targeting in the beta cell transplant model to evaluate the degree to which target/non-target (T/NT) ratios may be improved by pretargeting. METHODS Specific binding of an anti-human islet antibody HPi1 to the beta cells transplanted subcutaneously in mice was examined against a negative control antibody. We then compared pretargeting by MORF-HPi1 plus 111In-labeled cMORF to direct targeting by 111In-labeled HPi1. RESULTS HPi1 binding to betalox5 human cells in the transplant was shown by immunofluorescence. Normal organ 111In backgrounds by pretargeting were always lower, although target accumulations were similar. More importantly, the transplant to pancreas and liver ratios was, respectively, 26 and 10 by pretargeting as compared to 9 and 0.6 by direct targeting. CONCLUSIONS Pretargeting greatly improves the T/NT ratios, and based on the estimated endocrine to exocrine ratio within a pancreas, pretargeting may be approaching the sensitivity required for successful imaging of human islets within this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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13
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Tumor delivery of antisense oligomer using trastuzumab within a streptavidin nanoparticle. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 36:1977-86. [PMID: 19572130 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trastuzumab (Herceptin™) is often internalized following binding to Her2+ tumor cells. The objective of this study was to investigate whether trastuzumab can be used as a specific carrier to deliver antisense oligomers into Her2+ tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A biotinylated MORF oligomer antisense to RhoC mRNA and its biotinylated sense control were labeled with either lissamine for fluorescence detection or 99mTc for radioactivity detection and were linked to biotinylated trastuzumab via streptavidin. The nanoparticles were studied in SUM190 (RhoC+, Her2+) study and SUM149 (RhoC+, Her2−) control cells in culture and as xenografts in mice. RESULTS As evidence of unimpaired Her2+ binding of trastuzumab within the nanoparticle, accumulations were clearly higher in SUM190 compared to SUM149 cells and, by whole-body imaging, targeting of SUM190 tumor was similar to that expected for a radiolabeled trastuzumab. As evidence of internalization, fluorescence microscopy images of cells grown in culture and obtained from xenografts showed uniform cytoplasm distribution of the lissamine-MORF. An invasion assay showed decreased RhoC expression in SUM190 cells when incubated with the antisense MORF nanoparticles at only 100 nM. CONCLUSION Both in cell culture and in animals, the nanoparticle with trastuzumab as specific carrier greatly improved tumor delivery of the antisense oligomer against RhoC mRNA into tumor cells overexpressing Her2 and may be of general utility.
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Liu G, Dou S, Pretorius PH, Liu X, Chen L, Rusckowski M, Hnatowich DJ. Tumor pretargeting in mice using MORF conjugated CC49 antibody and radiolabeled complimentary cMORF effector. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2010; 54:333-340. [PMID: 20639818 PMCID: PMC2939249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Using the antiCEA antibody MN14, a LS174T mouse tumor model has been successfully targeted with (⁹⁹m)Tc for imaging and ¹⁸⁸Re for radiotherapy by phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (MORF)/complementary MORF (cMORF) pretargeting strategy. This investigation evaluated the antiTAG-72 antibody CC49 as an alternative to MN14 for this application. METHODS Both CC49 and MN14 were labeled with ¹¹¹In via SCN-benzyl-DTPA and their biodistributions were compared to that of MN14 labeled via DTPA anhydride. Since the accessibility of the antibody to the effector is required for optimization of pretargeting, the internalization of both MORF-CC49 and MORF-MN14 antibodies in LS174T cells were evaluated in culture. In addition, the accessible concentration of MORF-CC49 antibody in tumor was determined in a series of pretargeting studies with escalating dosages of the [(⁹⁹m)Tc]cMORF effector. Finally, using these results and our semi-empirical model, an imaging study was performed under optimal pretargeting conditions. RESULTS The biodistribution of ¹¹¹In to trace the MN14 antibody depended significantly on the labeling method. Furthermore, both MORF-CC49 and MORF-MN14 antibodies showed rapid internalization in culture. Fortunately, the accessibility in tumor was found to be less seriously reduced in vivo. In a pretargeting study under optimal conditions, both by imaging and by necropsy, the [(⁹⁹m)Tc]cMORF effector accumulated predominantly in the tumor of pretargeted mice. Normal tissue accumulations were minimal except in kidneys, liver, and a segment of intestines. CONCLUSION MORF pretargeting with CC49 was equally successful in the LS174T tumor model to the MORF pretargeting with MN14. The MORF-CC49 antibody may therefore be considered for future investigations toward early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655-0243, USA.
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15
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Abstract
The chemical modification of oligomers such as DNA, PNA, MORF, LNA to attach radionuclides for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy applications has become a field rich in innovation as older methods are improved and new methods are introduced. This review intends to provide a brief overview of several chelators currently in use for the labeling of oligomers with metallic radionuclides such as 99mTc, 111In and 188Re. While DNA and its analogs have been radiolabeled with important radionuclides of nonmetals such as 32P, 35S, 14C, 18F and 125I, the labeling methods for these isotopes involve covalent chemistry that is quite distinct from the coordinate-covalent chelation chemistry described herein. In this review, we provide a summary of the several chelators that have been covalently conjugated to oligomers for the purpose of radiolabeling with metallic radionuclides by chelation and including details on the conjugation, the choice of radionuclides and labeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guozheng Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel: +1-508-856-1958; Fax: +1-508-856-6363
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16
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Zhou J, Soontornworajit B, Snipes MP, Wang Y. Development of a novel pretargeting system with bifunctional nucleic acid molecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 386:521-5. [PMID: 19545539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring a novel pretargeting system based upon bifunctional nucleic acid molecules that are comprised of a nucleic acid aptamer and a nucleic acid tail. The properties of bifunctional molecules were investigated by both theoretical prediction and experimental determination. Different from the algorithm-based structure prediction, the experimental data showed that some nucleic acid tails could significantly decrease the binding capability of the aptamer. It was also found that the effectiveness of bifunctional molecules in labeling cells was dependent on the hybridization length. Based on these understandings, one bifunctional molecule was selected to study pretargeting. The results demonstrated that the bifunctional molecule could not only bind to target cells, but also hybridize with its complementary oligonucleotide on the cell surface. Thus, bifunctional nucleic acid molecules hold great potential for pretargeting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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17
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of a semiempirical pretargeting model now under development. After a brief review of the pretargeting concept, the strategies available, and the complexities of optimizing the dosage and timing, a semiempirical model is described that is not only capable of optimizing dosage and timing but also capable of predicting the results of pretargeting as a function of most pretargeting variables. The model requires knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of both the pretargeting agent (usually an antibody) and the effector, the accessibility of the pretargeting antibody for the effector, and their quantitative relationships in vivo. Several misconceptions that often surround pretargeting are also clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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18
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Boisvert H, Duncan MJ. Clathrin-dependent entry of a gingipain adhesin peptide and Porphyromonas gingivalis into host cells. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:2538-52. [PMID: 18717820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative oral anaerobe, is associated with periodontitis, a disease that in some form affects up to 80% of the adult population in the USA. The organism interacts with gingival epithelium and surrounding tissue, and in this study we analysed interactions initiated by P. gingivalis and by a peptide derived from the adhesin domain of arg-gingipain A, a member of a family of surface cysteine proteinases. Recombinant peptide A44 blocked adherence of bacteria to host cell monolayers, and bound to components of the cell membrane fraction. In pull-down assays A44 associated with proteins involved in a clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway. Inhibitor studies confirmed a role for clathrin, and confocal microscopy demonstrated that both A44-coated beads and intact bacteria colocalized with GFP-clathrin in host cells. Finally, we used siRNA to determine whether clathrin or caveolin-1 was involved in association of peptide and intact bacteria with host cells. Again, the results of these assays indicated that association of both A44 and P. gingivalis depended on the presence of clathrin, and support a working model in which A44 initiates a clathrin-dependent pathway that potentially leads to internalization of peptide or bacteria by host epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Boisvert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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