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Ghaderi F, Jokar N, Gholamrezanezhad A, Assadi M, Ahmadzadehfar H. Toward radiotheranostics in cancer stem cells: a promising initial step for tumour eradication. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guerra Liberal FDC, O'Sullivan JM, McMahon SJ, Prise KM. Targeted Alpha Therapy: Current Clinical Applications. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:404-417. [PMID: 32552031 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Emitting radionuclides have been approved for cancer treatment since 2013, with increasing degrees of success. Despite this clinical utility, little is known regarding the mechanisms of action of α particles in this setting, and accurate assessments of the dosimetry underpinning their effectiveness are lacking. However, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is gaining more attention as new targets, synthetic chemistry approaches, and α particle emitters are identified, constructed, developed, and realized. From a radiobiological perspective, α particles are more effective at killing cells compared to low linear energy transfer radiation. Also, from these direct effects, it is now evident from preclinical and clinical data that α emitters are capable of both producing effects in nonirradiated bystander cells and stimulating the immune system, extending the biological effects of TAT beyond the range of α particles. The short range of α particles makes them a potent tool to irradiate single-cell lesions or treat solid tumors by minimizing unwanted irradiation of normal tissue surrounding the cancer cells, assuming a high specificity of the radiopharmaceutical and good stability of its chemical bonds. Clinical approval of 223RaCl2 in 2013 was a major milestone in the widespread application of TAT as a safe and effective strategy for cancer treatment. In addition, 225Ac-prostate specific membrane antigen treatment benefit in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients, refractory to standard therapies, is another game-changing piece in the short history of TAT clinical application. Clinical applications of TAT are growing with different radionuclides and combination therapies, and in different clinical settings. Despite the remarkable advances in TAT dosimetry and imaging, it has not yet been used to its full potential. Labeled 227Th and 225Ac appear to be promising candidates and could represent the next generation of agents able to extend patient survival in several clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D C Guerra Liberal
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculdade de Ciências e Tenclonogia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joe M O'Sullivan
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Prise
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Li M, Sagastume EE, Lee D, McAlister D, DeGraffenreid AJ, Olewine KR, Graves S, Copping R, Mirzadeh S, Zimmerman BE, Larsen R, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. 203/212Pb Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals for Image-guided Radionuclide Therapy for Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7003-7031. [PMID: 32720598 PMCID: PMC10613023 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200727190423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-targeted image-guided Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) is increasingly recognized as a promising approach to cancer treatment. In particular, the potential for clinical translation of receptor-targeted alpha-particle therapy is receiving considerable attention as an approach that can improve outcomes for cancer patients. Higher Linear-energy Transfer (LET) of alpha-particles (compared to beta particles) for this purpose results in an increased incidence of double-strand DNA breaks and improved-localized cancer-cell damage. Recent clinical studies provide compelling evidence that alpha-TRT has the potential to deliver a significantly more potent anti-cancer effect compared with beta-TRT. Generator-produced 212Pb (which decays to alpha emitters 212Bi and 212Po) is a particularly promising radionuclide for receptor-targeted alpha-particle therapy. A second attractive feature that distinguishes 212Pb alpha-TRT from other available radionuclides is the possibility to employ elementallymatched isotope 203Pb as an imaging surrogate in place of the therapeutic radionuclide. As direct non-invasive measurement of alpha-particle emissions cannot be conducted using current medical scanner technology, the imaging surrogate allows for a pharmacologically-inactive determination of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TRT candidate ligands in advance of treatment. Thus, elementally-matched 203Pb labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be used to identify patients who may benefit from 212Pb alpha-TRT and apply appropriate dosimetry and treatment planning in advance of the therapy. In this review, we provide a brief history on the use of these isotopes for cancer therapy; describe the decay and chemical characteristics of 203/212Pb for their use in cancer theranostics and methodologies applied for production and purification of these isotopes for radiopharmaceutical production. In addition, a medical physics and dosimetry perspective is provided that highlights the potential of 212Pb for alpha-TRT and the expected safety for 203Pb surrogate imaging. Recent and current preclinical and clinical studies are presented. The sum of the findings herein and observations presented provide evidence that the 203Pb/212Pb theranostic pair has a promising future for use in radiopharmaceutical theranostic therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Li
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
| | | | - Dongyoul Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Graves
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Roy Copping
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - Brian E. Zimmerman
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Frances L. Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Michael K. Schultz
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Karimian A, Ji NT, Song H, Sgouros G. Mathematical Modeling of Preclinical Alpha-Emitter Radiopharmaceutical Therapy. Cancer Res 2019; 80:868-876. [PMID: 31772036 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies, in vivo, and in vitro studies, in combination with mathematical modeling can help optimize and guide the design of clinical trials. The design and optimization of alpha-particle emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy (αRPT) is especially important as αRPT has the potential for high efficacy but also high toxicity. We have developed a mathematical model that may be used to identify trial design parameters that will have the greatest impact on outcome. The model combines Gompertzian tumor growth with antibody-mediated pharmacokinetics and radiation-induced cell killing. It was validated using preclinical experimental data of antibody-mediated 213Bi and 225Ac delivery in a metastatic transgenic breast cancer model. In modeling simulations, tumor cell doubling time, administered antibody, antibody specific-activity, and antigen-site density most impacted median survival. The model was also used to investigate treatment fractionation. Depending upon the time-interval between injections, increasing the number of injections increased survival time. For example, two administrations of 200 nCi, 225Ac-labeled antibody, separated by 30 days, resulted in a simulated 31% increase in median survival over a single 400 nCi administration. If the time interval was 7 days or less, however, there was no improvement in survival; a one-day interval between injections led to a 10% reduction in median survival. Further model development and validation including the incorporation of normal tissue toxicity is necessary to properly balance efficacy with toxicity. The current model is, however, useful in helping understand preclinical results and in guiding preclinical and clinical trial design towards approaches that have the greatest likelihood of success. SIGNIFICANCE: Modeling is used to optimize αRPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nathan T Ji
- Radiologic Physics Division, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Song
- Radiologic Physics Division, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George Sgouros
- Radiologic Physics Division, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Lopez T, Ramirez A, Benitez C, Mustafa Z, Pham H, Sanchez R, Ge X. Selectivity Conversion of Protease Inhibitory Antibodies. Antib Ther 2018. [PMID: 30406213 PMCID: PMC7990135 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tby010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are inherently difficult to treat because of large regions of hypoxia and are often chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-resistant. It seems that cancer stem cells reside in hypoxic and adjacent necrotic tumor areas. Therefore, new treatments that are highly selective for tumors and can eradicate cells in both hypoxic and necrotic tumor regions are desirable. Antibody α-radioconjugates couple an α-emitting radionuclide with the specificity of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody. The large mass and energy of α-particles result in radiation dose delivery within a smaller area independent of oxygen concentration, thus matching key criteria for killing hypoxic tumor cells. With advances in radionuclide production and chelation chemistry, α-radioconjugate therapy is regaining interest as a cancer therapy. Here, we will review current literature examining radioconjugate therapy specifically targeting necrotic and hypoxic tumor cells and outline how α-radioconjugate therapy could be used to treat tumor regions harboring more resistant cancer cell types. Statement of Significance Tumor-targeting antibodies are excellent vehicles for the delivery of toxic payloads directly to the tumor site. Tumor hypoxia and necrosis promote treatment recurrence, resistance, and metastasis. Targeting these areas with antibody α-radioconjugates would aid in overcoming treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Lopez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Chris Benitez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zahid Mustafa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Henry Pham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Sanchez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Staudacher AH, Liapis V, Brown MP. Selectivity Conversion of Protease Inhibitory Antibodies. Antib Ther 2018; 1:55-63. [PMID: 30406213 PMCID: PMC7990135 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tby008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteases are one of the largest pharmaceutical targets for drug developments. Their dysregulations result in a wide variety of diseases. Because proteolytic networks usually consist of protease family members that share high structural and catalytic homology, distinguishing them using small molecule inhibitors is often challenging. To achieve specific inhibition, this study described a novel approach for the generation of protease inhibitory antibodies. As a proof of concept, we aimed to convert a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 specific inhibitor to MMP-9 specific inhibitory antibodies with high selectivity. Methods: An error-prone single-chain Fv (scFv) library of an MMP-14 inhibitor 3A2 was generated for yeast surface display. A dual-color competitive FACS was developed for selection on MMP-9 catalytic domain (cdMMP-9) and counter-selection on cdMMP-14 simultaneously, which were fused/conjugated with different fluorophores. Isolated MMP-9 inhibitory scFvs were biochemically characterized by inhibition assays on MMP-2/-9/-12/-14, proteolytic stability tests, inhibition mode determination, competitive ELISA with TIMP-2 (a native inhibitor of MMPs), and paratope mutagenesis assays. Results: We converted an MMP-14 specific inhibitor 3A2 into a panel of MMP-9 specific inhibitory antibodies with dramatic selectivity shifts of 690-4,500 folds. Isolated scFvs inhibited cdMMP-9 at nM potency with high selectivity over MMP-2/-12/-14 and exhibited decent proteolytic stability. Biochemical characterizations revealed that these scFvs were competitive inhibitors binding to cdMMP-9 near its reaction cleft via their CDR-H3s. Conclusions: This study developed a novel approach able to convert the selectivity of inhibitory antibodies among closely related protease family members. This methodology can be directly applied for mAbs inhibiting many proteases of biomedical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Ghaffari H, Beik J, Talebi A, Mahdavi SR, Abdollahi H. New physical approaches to treat cancer stem cells: a review. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1502-1521. [PMID: 29869042 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as the main center of tumor therapeutic resistance. They are highly resistant against current cancer therapy approaches particularly radiation therapy (RT). Recently, a wide spectrum of physical methods has been proposed to treat CSCs, including high energetic particles, hyperthermia (HT), nanoparticles (NPs) and combination of these approaches. In this review article, the importance and benefits of the physical CSCs therapy methods such as nanomaterial-based heat treatments and particle therapy will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ghaffari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Beik
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Talebi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - S R Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran.
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Kasten BB, Oliver PG, Kim H, Fan J, Ferrone S, Zinn KR, Buchsbaum DJ. 212Pb-Labeled Antibody 225.28 Targeted to Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy in Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040925. [PMID: 29561763 PMCID: PMC5979285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. There is a clinical need for effective, targeted therapy strategies that destroy both differentiated TNBC cells and TNBC cancer initiating cells (CICs), as the latter are implicated in the metastasis and recurrence of TNBC. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is overexpressed on differentiated tumor cells and CICs obtained from TNBC patient specimens, suggesting that CSPG4 may be a clinically relevant target for the imaging and therapy of TNBC. The purpose of this study was to determine whether α-particle radioimmunotherapy (RIT) targeting TNBC cells using the CSPG4-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 225.28 as a carrier was effective at eliminating TNBC tumors in preclinical models. To this end, mAb 225.28 labeled with 212Pb (212Pb-225.28) as a source of α-particles for RIT was used for in vitro Scatchard assays and clonogenic survival assays with human TNBC cells (SUM159 and 2LMP) grown as adherent cells or non-adherent CIC-enriched mammospheres. Immune-deficient mice bearing orthotopic SUM159 or 2LMP xenografts were injected i.v. with the targeted (225.28) or irrelevant isotype-matched control (F3-C25) mAbs, labeled with 99mTc, 125I, or 212Pb for in vivo imaging, biodistribution, or tumor growth inhibition studies. 212Pb-225.28 bound to adherent SUM159 and 2LMP cells and to CICs from SUM159 and 2LMP mammospheres with a mean affinity of 0.5 nM. Nearly ten times more binding sites per cell were present on SUM159 cells and CICs compared with 2LMP cells. 212Pb-225.28 was six to seven times more effective than 212Pb-F3-C25 at inhibiting SUM159 cell and CIC clonogenic survival (p < 0.05). Radiolabeled mAb 225.28 showed significantly higher uptake than radiolabeled mAb F3-C25 in SUM159 and 2LMP xenografts (p < 0.05), and the uptake of 212Pb-225.28 in TNBC xenografts was correlated with target epitope expression. 212Pb-225.28 caused dose-dependent growth inhibition of SUM159 xenografts; 0.30 MBq 212Pb-225.28 was significantly more effective than 0.33 MBq 212Pb-F3-C25 at inhibiting tumor growth (p < 0.01). These results suggest that CSPG4-specific 212Pb-225.28 is a useful reagent for RIT of CSPG4-expressing tumors, including metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Patsy G Oliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Jinda Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Cędrowska E, Pruszynski M, Majkowska-Pilip A, Męczyńska-Wielgosz S, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Bilewicz A. Functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles labelled with 225Ac for targeted alpha radionuclide therapy. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 20:83. [PMID: 29576738 PMCID: PMC5861168 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 225Ac radioisotope exhibits very attractive nuclear properties for application in radionuclide therapy. Unfortunately, the major challenge for radioconjugates labelled with 225Ac is that traditional chelating moieties are unable to sequester the radioactive daughters in the bioconjugate which is critical to minimize toxicity to healthy, non-targeted tissues. In the present work, we propose to apply TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as carrier for 225Ac and its decay products. The surface of TiO2 nanoparticles with 25 nm diameter was modified with Substance P (5-11), a peptide fragment which targets NK1 receptors on the glioma cells, through the silan-PEG-NHS linker. Nanoparticles functionalized with Substance P (5-11) were synthesized with high yield in a two-step procedure, and the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained results show that one TiO2-bioconjugate nanoparticle contains in average 80 peptide molecules on its surface. The synthesized TiO2-PEG-SP(5-11) conjugates were labelled with 225Ac by ion-exchange reaction on hydroxyl (OH) functional groups on the TiO2 surface. The labelled bioconjugates almost quantitatively retain 225Ac in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), physiological salt and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for up to 10 days. The leaching of 221Fr, a first decay daughter of 225Ac, in an amount of 30% was observed only in CSF after 10 days. The synthesized 225Ac-TiO2-PEG-SP(5-11) has shown high cytotoxic effect in vitro in T98G glioma cells; therefore, it is a promising new radioconjugate for targeted radionuclide therapy of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Cędrowska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Pruszynski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Department for Nuclear Safety and Security, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Department for Nuclear Safety and Security, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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Li M, Zhang X, Quinn TP, Lee D, Liu D, Kunkel F, Zimmerman BE, McAlister D, Olewein K, Menda Y, Mirzadeh S, Copping R, Johnson FL, Schultz MK. Automated cassette-based production of high specific activity [ 203/212Pb]peptide-based theranostic radiopharmaceuticals for image-guided radionuclide therapy for cancer. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 127:52-60. [PMID: 28521118 PMCID: PMC6295910 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A method for preparation of Pb-212 and Pb-203 labeled chelator-modified peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy has been developed and adapted for automated clinical production. Pre-concentration and isolation of radioactive Pb2+ from interfering metals in dilute hydrochloric acid was optimized using a commercially-available Pb-specific chromatography resin packed in disposable plastic columns. The pre-concentrated radioactive Pb2+ is eluted in NaOAc buffer directly to the reaction vessel containing chelator-modified peptides. Radiolabeling was found to proceed efficiently at 85°C (45min; pH 5.5). The specific activity of radiolabeled conjugates was optimized by separation of radiolabeled conjugates from unlabeled peptide via HPLC. Preservation of bioactivity was confirmed by in vivo biodistribution of Pb-203 and Pb-212 labeled peptides in melanoma-tumor-bearing mice. The approach has been found to be robustly adaptable to automation and a cassette-based fluid-handling system (Modular Lab Pharm Tracer) has been customized for clinical radiopharmaceutical production. Our findings demonstrate that the Pb-203/Pb-212 combination is a promising elementally-matched radionuclide pair for image-guided radionuclide therapy for melanoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Dongyoul Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dijie Liu
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Falk Kunkel
- Eckert & Ziegler Radiopharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian E Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Roy Copping
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Frances L Johnson
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, LLC, Coralville, IA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, LLC, Coralville, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology (Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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11
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Lyczko M, Pruszynski M, Majkowska-Pilip A, Lyczko K, Was B, Meczynska-Wielgosz S, Kruszewski M, Szkliniarz K, Jastrzebski J, Stolarz A, Bilewicz A. 211At labeled substance P (5-11) as potential radiopharmaceutical for glioma treatment. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 53:1-8. [PMID: 28683361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purposes of the present work were to label substance P (5-11) with 211At using a rhodium(III) complex with a bifunctional ligand-2-(1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecan-3-yloxy)acetic acid ([16aneS4]-COOH) and to assess the in vitro stability and toxicity of the obtained radiobioconjugate. METHODS Two approaches were evaluated to obtain 131I/211At-Rh[16aneS4]-SP5-11 radiobioconjugates, based on 2-step and 1-step syntheses. In the first method 131I/211At-Rh[16aneS4]-COOH complexes were obtained that required further coupling to a biomolecule. In the second approach, the bioconjugate [16aneS4]-SP5-11 was synthesized and further labeled with 131I and 211At through the utilization of a Rh(III) metal cation bridge. The synthesized compounds were analyzed by HPLC, TLC and paper electrophoresis. RESULTS The 131I/211At-Rh[16aneS4]-COOH complexes were obtained in high yield and possessed good stability in PBS and CSF. Preliminary studies on coupling of 131I-Rh[16aneS4]-COOH to substance P (5-11) in 2-step synthesis showed that this procedure was too long with respect to 211At half-life, prompting us to improve it by finally using a 1-step synthesis. This strategy not only shortened the labeling time, but also increased final yield of 131I/211At-Rh[16aneS4]-SP5-11 radiobioconjugates. The stability of both compounds in PBS and CSF was high. Toxicity studies with the 211At-Rh[16aneS4]-SP5-11 demonstrated that radiobioconjugate significantly reduced T98G cell viability in a dose dependent manner reaching 20% of survival at the highest radioactivity 1200kBq/mL. CONCLUSIONS The radiobioconjugate 211At-Rh[16aneS4]-SP5-11 revealed its potential in killing glioma T98G cells during in vitro studies; therefore further animal studies to are required to determine its in vivo stability and treatment potential in normal and xenografted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lyczko
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Pruszynski
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lyczko
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Was
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Meczynska-Wielgosz
- Centre For Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre For Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Stolarz
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Confino H, Schmidt M, Efrati M, Hochman I, Umansky V, Kelson I, Keisari Y. Inhibition of mouse breast adenocarcinoma growth by ablation with intratumoral alpha-irradiation combined with inhibitors of immunosuppression and CpG. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1149-58. [PMID: 27495172 PMCID: PMC11028980 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that aggressive in situ tumor destruction (ablation) could lead to the release of tumor antigens, which can stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. We developed an innovative method of tumor ablation based on intratumoral alpha-irradiation, diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (DaRT), which efficiently ablates local tumors and enhances anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor potency of a treatment strategy, which combines DaRT tumor ablation with two approaches for the enhancement of anti-tumor reactivity: (1) neutralization of immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and (2) boost the immune response by the immunoadjuvant CpG. Mice bearing DA3 mammary adenocarcinoma with metastases were treated with DaRT wires in combination with a MDSC inhibitor (sildenafil), Treg inhibitor (cyclophosphamide at low dose), and the immunostimulant, CpG. Combination of all four therapies led to a complete rejection of primary tumors (in 3 out of 20 tumor-bearing mice) and to the elimination of lung metastases. The treatment with DaRT and Treg or MDSC inhibitors (without CpG) also resulted in a significant reduction in tumor size, reduced the lung metastatic burden, and extended survival compared to the corresponding controls. We suggest that the therapy with DaRT combined with the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells and CpG reinforced both local and systemic anti-tumor immune responses and displayed a significant anti-tumor effect in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Confino
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Schmidt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Margalit Efrati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Hochman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Itzhak Kelson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Keisari
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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13
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Pruszyński M, Łyczko M, Bilewicz A, Zalutsky MR. Stability and in vivo behavior of Rh[16aneS4-diol]211 at complex: a potential precursor for astatine radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:439-445. [PMID: 25687450 PMCID: PMC4387111 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heavy halogen (211)At is of great interest for targeted radiotherapy because it decays by the emission of short-range, high-energy α-particles. However, many astatine compounds that have been synthesized are unstable in vivo, providing motivation for seeking other (211)At labeling strategies. One relatively unexplored approach is to utilize prosthetic groups based on astatinated rhodium (III) complex stabilized with a tetrathioether macrocyclic ligand - Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](211)At. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo stability of this complex in comparison to its iodine analog - Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](131)I. METHODS Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](211)At and Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](131)I complexes were synthesized and purified by HPLC. The stability of both complexes was evaluated in vitro by incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human serum at different temperatures. The in vivo behavior of the two radiohalogenated complexes was assessed by a paired-label biodistribution study in normal Balb/c mice. RESULTS Both complexes were synthesized in high yield and purity. Almost no degradation was observed for Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](131)I in PBS over a 72 h incubation. The astatinated analog exhibited good stability in PBS over 14 h. A slow decline in the percentage of intact complex was observed for both tracers in human serum. In the biodistribution study, retention of (211)At in most tissues was higher than that of (131)I at all time points, especially in spleen and lungs. Renal clearance of Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](211)At and Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](131)I predominated, with 84.1 ± 2.3% and 94.6 ± 0.9% of injected dose excreted via the urine at 4 h. CONCLUSIONS The Rh[16aneS(4)-diol](211)At complex might be useful for constructing prosthetic groups for the astatination of biomolecules and further studies are planned to evaluate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pruszyński
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Łyczko
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Al-Ejeh F, Smart CE, Morrison BJ, Chenevix-Trench G, López JA, Lakhani SR, Brown MP, Khanna KK. Breast cancer stem cells: treatment resistance and therapeutic opportunities. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:650-8. [PMID: 21310941 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and pathologic heterogeneity of human breast cancer has long been recognized. Now, molecular profiling has enriched our understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity and yielded new prognostic and predictive information. Despite recent therapeutic advances, including the HER2-specific agent, trastuzumab, locoregional and systemic disease recurrence remain an ever-present threat to the health and well being of breast cancer survivors. By definition, disease recurrence originates from residual treatment-resistant cells, which regenerate at least the initial breast cancer phenotype. The discovery of the normal breast stem cell has re-ignited interest in the identity and properties of breast cancer stem-like cells and the relationship of these cells to the repopulating ability of treatment-resistant cells. The cancer stem cell model of breast cancer development contrasts with the clonal evolution model, whereas the mixed model draws on features of both. Although the origin and identity of breast cancer stem-like cells is contentious, treatment-resistant cells survive and propagate only because aberrant and potentially druggable signaling pathways are recruited. As a means to increase the rates of breast cancer cure, several approaches to specific targeting of the treatment-resistant cell population exist and include methods for addressing the problem of radioresistance in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Al-Ejeh
- Signal Transduction Lab, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
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15
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Lingappa M, Song H, Thompson S, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Sgouros G. Immunoliposomal delivery of 213Bi for alpha-emitter targeting of metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6815-23. [PMID: 20651254 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment for late-stage metastatic breast cancer is largely palliative. alpha-Particles are highly potent, short-range radiation emissions capable of sterilizing individual cells with one to three traversals of the cell nucleus. The alpha-emitter, (213)Bi (T(1/2) = 45.6 min), was conjugated to a 100-nm diameter liposomal-CHX-A''-DTPA construct, upon which the rat HER2/neu reactive antibody, 7.16.4, was grafted. A conjugation time of 10 minutes was achieved giving a specific activity corresponding to 0.1 (213)Bi atom per liposome; stability in vitro and in vivo was confirmed. Efficacy in a rat/neu transgenic mouse model of metastatic mammary carcinoma was investigated. Three days after left cardiac ventricular injection of 10(5) rat HER-2/neu-expressing syngeneic tumor cells, macrophage-depleted Neu-N mice were treated by i.v. injection with (a) 19.2 MBq (520 muCi) of liposome-CHX-A''-DTPA-(213)Bi, (b) 19.2 MBq of liposome-CHX-A''-DTPA-(213)Bi-7.16.4, (c) 4.44 MBq (120 muCi) of (213)Bi-7.16.4, and (d) cold (nonradioactive) liposome-CHX-A''-DTPA-7.16.4 as control. Treatment with (a) increased median survival time to 34 days compared with 29 days for the untreated controls (P = 0.013) and 27 days for treated cold controls. Treatment with the radiolabeled antibody-conjugated liposome (b) increased median survival time to 38 days (P = 0.0002 relative to untreated controls). The radiolabeled antibody-treated group (c) gave a median survival of 39 days, which was similar to that for the radiolabeled antibody-conjugated liposome-treated group (P = 0.5). We have shown that the (213)Bi radiolabeled immunoliposomes are effective in treating early-stage micrometastases, giving median survival times similar to those obtained with antibody-mediated delivery of (213)Bi in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanambe Lingappa
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Sgouros G, Roeske JC, McDevitt MR, Palm S, Allen BJ, Fisher DR, Brill AB, Song H, Howell RW, Akabani G, Bolch WE, Brill AB, Fisher DR, Howell RW, Meredith RF, Sgouros G, Wessels BW, Zanzonico PB. MIRD Pamphlet No. 22 (abridged): radiobiology and dosimetry of alpha-particle emitters for targeted radionuclide therapy. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:311-28. [PMID: 20080889 PMCID: PMC5680544 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.058651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of alpha-particle emitters to treat cancer has been recognized since the early 1900s. Advances in the targeted delivery of radionuclides and radionuclide conjugation chemistry, and the increased availability of alpha-emitters appropriate for clinical use, have recently led to patient trials of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with alpha-particle emitters. Although alpha-emitters have been studied for many decades, their current use in humans for targeted therapy is an important milestone. The objective of this work is to review those aspects of the field that are pertinent to targeted alpha-particle emitter therapy and to provide guidance and recommendations for human alpha-particle emitter dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sgouros
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
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17
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Song H, Hobbs RF, Vajravelu R, Huso DL, Esaias C, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A, Sgouros G. Radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer metastases with alpha-particle emitter 225Ac: comparing efficacy with 213Bi and 90Y. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8941-8. [PMID: 19920193 PMCID: PMC2789180 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Particles are suitable to treat cancer micrometastases because of their short range and very high linear energy transfer. alpha-Particle emitter (213)Bi-based radioimmunotherapy has shown efficacy in a variety of metastatic animal cancer models, such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Its clinical implementation, however, is challenging due to the limited supply of (225)Ac, high technical requirement to prepare radioimmunoconjugate with very short half-life (T(1/2) = 45.6 min) on site, and prohibitive cost. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the alpha-particle emitter (225)Ac, parent of (213)Bi, in a mouse model of breast cancer metastases. A single administration of (225)Ac (400 nCi)-labeled anti-rat HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody (7.16.4) completely eradicated breast cancer lung micrometastases in approximately 67% of HER-2/neu transgenic mice and led to long-term survival of these mice for up to 1 year. Treatment with (225)Ac-7.16.4 is significantly more effective than (213)Bi-7.16.4 (120 microCi; median survival, 61 days; P = 0.001) and (90)Y-7.16.4 (120 microCi; median survival, 50 days; P < 0.001) as well as untreated control (median survival, 41 days; P < 0.0001). Dosimetric analysis showed that (225)Ac-treated metastases received a total dose of 9.6 Gy, significantly higher than 2.0 Gy from (213)Bi and 2.4 Gy from (90)Y. Biodistribution studies revealed that (225)Ac daughters, (221)Fr and (213)Bi, accumulated in kidneys and probably contributed to the long-term renal toxicity observed in surviving mice. These data suggest (225)Ac-labeled anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody could significantly prolong survival in HER-2/neu-positive metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Robert F. Hobbs
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Ravy Vajravelu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - David L. Huso
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Caroline Esaias
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | | | | | - George Sgouros
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
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Chouin N, Bernardeau K, Bardiès M, Faivre-Chauvet A, Bourgeois M, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A, Lisbona A, Chérel M, Davodeau F. Evidence of extranuclear cell sensitivity to alpha-particle radiation using a microdosimetric model. II. Application of the microdosimetric model to experimental results. Radiat Res 2009; 171:664-73. [PMID: 19580473 DOI: 10.1667/rr1536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A microdosimetric model was used to analyze the results of experimental studies on cells of two lymphoid cell lines (T2 and Ada) irradiated with (213)Bi-radiolabeled antibodies. These antibodies targeted MHC/peptide complexes. The density of target antigen could be modulated by varying the concentration of the peptide loaded onto the cells. This offered the possibility of changing the ratio of specific (from cell-bound antibody) to non-specific (from antibody present in the supernatant) irradiation. For both cell lines, survival plotted as a function of the mean absorbed dose was a decreasing exponential. For the T2 cells, the microdosimetric sensitivity calculated for the whole cell was equal whether the irradiation was non-specific (z(0) = 0.12 +/- 0.02 Gy) or specific (z(0) = 0.12 +/- 0.09 Gy). Similar results were obtained for Ada cells. These results constitute a biological validation of the microdosimetric model. For both cells, the measured cell mortality was greater than the percentage of hit cells calculated with the model at low mean absorbed doses. This observation thus suggests bystander effects. It poses the question of the relevance of the mean absorbed dose to the cell nuclei. A new concept in cellular dosimetry taking into account cytoplasm or membrane irradiation and bystander modeling appears to be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chouin
- Inserm, U892, Nantes, F-44093 France
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Al-Ejeh F, Darby JM, Brown MP. Chemotherapy synergizes with radioimmunotherapy targeting La autoantigen in tumors. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4630. [PMID: 19247485 PMCID: PMC2645682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, inefficient delivery of therapeutic doses of radionuclides to solid tumors limits the clinical utility of radioimmunotherapy. We aim to test the therapeutic utility of Yttrium-90 ((90)Y)-radio-conjugates of a monoclonal antibody, which we showed previously to bind specifically to the abundant intracellular La ribonucleoprotein revealed in dead tumor cells after DNA-damaging treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Immunoconjugates of the DAB4 clone of the La-specific monoclonal antibody, APOMAB, were prepared using the metal chelator, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), and then radiolabeled with (90)Y. Mice bearing established subcutaneous tumors were treated with (90)Y-DOTA-DAB4 alone or after chemotherapy. Non-radiosensitizing cyclophosphamide/etoposide chemotherapy was used for the syngeneic EL4 lymphoma model. Radiosensitizing cisplatin/gemcitabine chemotherapy was used for the syngeneic Lewis Lung carcinoma (LL2) model, and for the xenograft models of LNCaP prostatic carcinoma and Panc-1 pancreatic carcinoma. We demonstrate the safety, specificity, and efficacy of (90)Y-DOTA-DAB4-radioimmunotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy. EL4 lymphoma-bearing mice either were cured at higher doses of radioimmunotherapy alone or lower doses of radioimmunotherapy in synergy with chemotherapy. Radioimmunotherapy alone was less effective in chemo- and radio-resistant carcinoma models. However, radioimmunotherapy synergized with radiosensitizing chemotherapy to retard significantly tumor regrowth and so prolong the survival of mice bearing LL2, LNCaP, or Panc-1 subcutaneous tumor implants. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We report proof-of-concept data supporting a unique form of radioimmunotherapy, which delivers bystander killing to viable cancer cells after targeting the universal cancer antigen, La, created by DNA-damaging treatment in neighboring dead cancer cells. Subsequently we propose that DAB4-targeted ionizing radiation induces additional cycles of tumor cell death, which further augments DAB4 binding to produce a tumor-lethal 'genotoxic chain reaction'. Clinically, this approach may be useful as consolidation treatment after a drug-induced cell death among (small-volume) metastatic deposits, the commonest cause of cancer death. This article is part II of a two-part series providing proof-of-concept for the diagnostic and therapeutic use of the DAB4 clone of the La-specific monoclonal antibody, APOMAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Al-Ejeh
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M. Darby
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Bismuth-213 ((213)Bi) (physical half-life 46 min) is a beta-emitter (97%) and an alpha-emitter (3%) which decays to short lived alpha-emitter Polonium-213 and could therefore be used as an in vivo generator of alpha particles with the energy of around 8 MeV. (213)Bi has been successfully used during the last decade in both clinical and pre-clinical work for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of cancer with (213)Bi-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). RIT has been proposed as a novel techonology for treatment of infectious diseases. (213)Bi-labeled mAbs have been successfully used for treatment of experimental fungal, bacterial and viral infections with transient or none hematologic toxicity. The mechanisms of RIT of infection with (213)Bi-labeled mAbs include "direct" killing of cells and induction of apoptosis. In vivo RIT results in decrease of inflammation in infected organs. Among the delivery vehicles for RIT of infection whole IgG1 mAbs seem to be the most suitable in terms of the highest uptake in the target organs and the lowest - in normal tissues. RIT with alpha-emitter (213)Bi involves the application of established technology developed for the treatment of malignancies to infectious diseases. The development of RIT for infectious diseases is potentially easier than its application to tumor therapy given antigenic and tissue perfusion differences between sites of microbial infection and tumor infiltration. Nevertheless, considerable pre-clinical and clinical development work is likely to be required to learn how to use RIT for infection optimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dadachova
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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