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Molaei P, Savari M, Mahdavinezhad A, Najafi R, Afshar S, Esfandiari N, Khorrami R, Hashemi M. Highlighting functions of apoptosis and circular RNAs in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154592. [PMID: 37295258 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as one of the global problems that endangers the lives of thousands of people every year. Various treatments have been used to deal with this disease, but in some cases, they are not effective. Circular RNAs, as a novel class of noncoding RNAs, have different expression levels and various functions in cancer cells, such as gene regulation through microRNA sponging. They play an important role in various cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Changes in the process of apoptosis are closely related to the progression or inhibition of various malignancies. Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is a promising target for tumor therapy. In this study, circRNAs were investigated as being central to the induction or inhibition of apoptosis in CRC. It is hoped that through targeted changes in the function of these biomolecules, better outcomes will be achieved in cancer treatment. Perhaps better outcomes for cancer treatment can be achieved by using new methods and modifying the expression of these nucleic acids. However, using this method may come with challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Molaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Savari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Negin Esfandiari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Pan C, Ding Z, Dai J, Yang L, Wei Y, Wang X. CircSMARCA5
functions as a potential biomarker for clinicopathology and therapy in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Lu T, Yang D, Li X. CircFAT1 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Malignant Melanoma through miR375-SLC7A11 Signal Axis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:2200-2208. [PMID: 37303180 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230609163916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA, as a member of noncoding RNA, plays an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumor cells. So far, the correlation between circular RNA and malignant melanoma remains obscure. METHODS RNA expression of circFAT1 and miR-375 in malignant melanoma (MM) tissues and cell lines was detected by RT-PCR. The proliferation, cloning, migration and invasion of SK-Mel-28 and A375 cells were assessed using CCK-8 test, clone formation and Transwell assay, respectively. CircRNA immunoprecipitation was used to validate the relationship between circFAT1 and miR-375. The binding between circFAT1 and miR-375, as well as SLC7A11 and miR-375 were verified by luciferase assay. RESULTS In our study,the circFAT1 was significantly overexpressed in the MM tissue than melanocytic nevi. Conversely, the expression of miR-375 in MM tissue was lower than in melanocytic nevi tissue. The underexpression of circFAT1 with siRNA plasmids significantly suppressed the proliferation, invasion and clone formation of MM cell line. Mechanistically, circFAT1 positively regulates the expression level of SLC7A11 by sponging miR-375. The promotive effects of circFAT1 on the proliferation and invasion ability of MM cells were reversed by the upregulation of miR-375. CONCLUSION circFAT1 promotes the proliferation, invasion and clone formation of malignant melanoma cells by improving the expression level of SLC7A11 via sponging miR-375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Danyang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
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The diverse functions of FAT1 in cancer progression: good, bad, or ugly? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:248. [PMID: 35965328 PMCID: PMC9377080 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is among the most frequently mutated genes in many types of cancer. Its highest mutation rate is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in which FAT1 is the second most frequently mutated gene. Thus, FAT1 has great potential to serve as a target or prognostic biomarker in cancer treatment. FAT1 encodes a member of the cadherin-like protein family. Under normal physiological conditions, FAT1 serves as a molecular "brake" on mitochondrial respiration and acts as a receptor for a signaling pathway regulating cell-cell contact interaction and planar cell polarity. In many cancers, loss of FAT1 function promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the formation of cancer initiation/stem-like cells. However, in some types of cancer, overexpression of FAT1 leads to EMT. The roles of FAT1 in cancer progression, which seems to be cancer-type specific, have not been clarified. To further study the function of FAT1 in cancers, this review summarizes recent relevant literature regarding this protein. In addition to phenotypic alterations due to FAT1 mutations, several signaling pathways and tumor immune systems known or proposed to be regulated by this protein are presented. The potential impact of detecting or targeting FAT1 mutations on cancer treatment is also prospectively discussed.
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circRNA: A New Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Esophageal Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071643. [PMID: 35884948 PMCID: PMC9313320 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) comprise a large class of endogenous non-coding RNA with covalently closed loops and have independent functions as linear transcripts transcribed from identical genes. circRNAs are generated by a “back-splicing” process regulated by regulatory elements in cis and associating proteins in trans. Many studies have shown that circRNAs play important roles in multiple processes, including splicing, transcription, chromatin modification, miRNA sponges, and protein decoys. circRNAs are highly stable because of their closed ring structure, which prevents them from degradation by exonucleases, and are more abundant in terminally differentiated cells, such as brains. Recently, it was demonstrated that numerous circRNAs are differentially expressed in cancer cells, and their dysfunction is involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the crucial functions of these circRNAs and the dysregulation of circRNAs in cancer are still unknown. In this review, we summarize the recent reports on the biogenesis and biology of circRNAs and then catalog the advances in using circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer therapy, particularly esophageal cancer.
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Takaki W, Konishi H, Shoda K, Otsuji E. ASO Author Reflections: The Impact of Circular FAT1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Investigation of a Novel Tumor Suppressor. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:579-580. [PMID: 34665360 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan.,First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
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Ameli-Mojarad M, Ameli-Mojarad M, Hadizadeh M, Young C, Babini H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Bonab MA. The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:496. [PMID: 34535136 PMCID: PMC8447721 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melika Ameli-Mojarad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Kharrazi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD UK
| | - Chris Young
- Institute of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Hosna Babini
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Ashrafian Bonab
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD UK
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8
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Yao Y, Li X, Cheng L, Wu X, Wu B. Circular RNA FAT atypical cadherin 1 (circFAT1)/microRNA-525-5p/spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 1 (SKA1) axis regulates oxaliplatin resistance in breast cancer by activating the notch and Wnt signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4032-4043. [PMID: 34288822 PMCID: PMC8806415 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1951929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has confirmed the vital roles of circular RNAs (CircRNAs) in the drug resistance of breast cancer (BC). Herein, we intended to study the effect of circular RNA FAT atypical cadherin 1 (circFAT1) on BC oxaliplatin (OX) resistance and find out the potential molecular mechanism in it. In this study, mRNA and protein levels of genes were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the relationship between microRNA-525-5p (miR-525-5p) and circFAT1 or spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 1 (SKA1). CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry experiments were utilized to investigate the chemosensitivity, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of BC cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to discover possible pathways related to SKA1. It was uncovered that circFAT1 was overexpressed in OX-resistant BC tissues and cells. Functional experiments showed that circFAT1 depletion reduced the level of chemoresistance-related genes. Moreover, circFAT1 knockdown remarkably facilitated apoptosis and decreased OX (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) IC50 value, migration, and invasion in OX-resistant BC cells. It was identified that miR-525-5p directly targeted circFAT1 and SKA1. Besides, rescue assays exhibited that circFAT1 promoted OX resistance in BC cells via the miR-525-5p/SKA1 regulatory network. Furthermore, GSEA and western blotting identified that SKA1 activated the Notch and Wnt pathway in OX-resistant BC cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that circFAT1 conferred OX resistance in BC by regulating the miR-525-5p/SKA1 via the Notch and Wnt pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for patients with OX-resistant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bobo Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Radanova M, Mihaylova G, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Levkova M, Tasinov O, Ivanova D, Mihaylova Z, Donev I. Oncogenic Functions and Clinical Significance of Circular RNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3395. [PMID: 34298612 PMCID: PMC8303601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the second most commonly diagnosed disease in females and the third in males worldwide. Therefore, the finding of new more reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, for prediction of metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies is an important challenge in overcoming the disease. The current review presents circular RNAs (circRNAs) with their unique features as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in CRC. The review highlights the mechanism of action and the role of circRNAs with oncogenic functions in the CRC as well as the association between their expression and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. The comprehension of the role of oncogenic circRNAs in CRC pathogenesis is growing rapidly and the next step is using them as suitable new drug targets in the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Mihaylova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Neshe Nazifova-Tasinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Mariya Levkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Desislava Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Zhasmina Mihaylova
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Military Medical Academy, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivan Donev
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Hospital Nadezhda, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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10
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Ji X, Sun W, Lv C, Huang J, Zhang H. Circular RNAs Regulate Glucose Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4005-4021. [PMID: 34239306 PMCID: PMC8259938 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s316597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were originally thought to result from RNA splicing errors. However, it has been shown that circRNAs can regulate cancer onset and progression in various ways. They can regulate cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, they modulate glucose metabolism in cancer cells through different mechanisms such as directly regulating glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporter (GLUT) or indirectly regulating signal transduction pathways. In this review, we elucidate on the role of circRNAs in regulating glucose metabolism in cancer cells, which partly explains the pathogenesis of malignant tumors, and provides new therapeutic targets or new diagnostic and prognostic markers for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhou Lv
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Takaki W, Konishi H, Shoda K, Arita T, Kataoka S, Shibamoto J, Furuke H, Takabatake K, Shimizu H, Komatsu S, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, Masuda K, Otsuji E. Significance of Circular FAT1 as a Prognostic Factor and Tumor Suppressor for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8508-8518. [PMID: 34185205 PMCID: PMC8591040 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular RNA is a novel endogenous non-coding RNA with a stable loop structure, and theories for its biogenesis and usefulness as a biomarker in various cancers have been proposed. The present study investigated the significance of circular FAT1 (circFAT1) as a novel biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Method CircFAT1 expression levels were measured in ESCC cell lines and the effects of downregulating circFAT1 on cell migration and invasion were examined using a transwell assay. The functions of miR-548g, which will be sponged by circFAT1, were assessed. Furthermore, the expression of circFAT1 was evaluated in 51 radically resected ESCC tissue samples using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationships between circFAT1 expression, clinicopathological factors, and patient prognosis were analyzed. Results CircFAT1 expression levels were significantly lower in tumor tissue than in adjacent non-tumorous mucosal tissue (p = 0.01). The downregulation of circFAT1 expression promoted ESCC cell migration and invasive ability, but not proliferation. The expression of miR-548g was upregulated by the downregulation of circFAT1. The overexpression of miR-548g also promoted ESCC cell migration and invasion. Recurrence-free survival (p = 0.02) and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.04) rates were significantly higher in patients with elevated circFAT1 expression levels. Conclusion The expression level of circFAT1 is a novel prognostic marker in ESCC patients. New treatment strategies may be developed using the tumor suppressive functions of circFAT1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1245/s10434-021-10089-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan.,First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kataoka
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Jun Shibamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Furuke
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takabatake
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | | | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
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12
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Integrated bioinformatics analysis revealed the regulation of angiogenesis by tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229066. [PMID: 34151937 PMCID: PMC8252189 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, metastasis accounts for most of the cases. Angiogenesis plays an important role in cancer metastasis, but how tumor cells affect the function of endothelial cells by dictating their microRNA (miRNA) expression remains largely unknown. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified through dataset downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed by GEO2R. We then used online tools to obtain potential targets of candidate miRNAs and functional enrichment analysis, as well as the protein-protein interaction (PPI). Finally, the function of miR-302c-3p was validated through in vitro assay. In the current study, we found that HCC cells altered miRNA expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and miR-302c-3p was the most down-regulated miRNA in HUVECs when they were co-cultured with HCC-LM3 cells. Functional enrichment analysis of the candidate targets revealed that these genes were involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, in particular, cytosine methylation. In addition, PPI network demonstrated distinct roles of genes targeted by miR-302c-3p. Importantly, inhibition of angiogenesis, migration and permeability by the most down-regulated miR-302c-3p in HUVECs was confirmed in vitro. These findings brought us novel insight into the regulation of angiogenesis by HCC cells and provided potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Hussen BM, Vafaeimanesh J, Abak A, Vafaee R. Function of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111721. [PMID: 34015582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) comprise a group of noncoding RNAs with a circular conformation being constructed by either classic spliceosome-mediated or lariat-kind of splicing. They have tissue and temporal specificity and are involved in different biological functions. A vast body of literature has demonstrated critical roles of circRNAs in the formation or progression of neoplasms. Hsa_circ_0066631, hsa_circ_0082096, ciRS-7, circMAT2B, circ_052666, circMBOAT2, circPACRGL and circ_0128846 are among up-regulated circRNAs in CRC. Instead, expression levels of circTADA2A, circ_022743, circ_004452, circ-FBXW7, circ0106714, circFNDC3B and circ_cse1 have been decreased in CRC samples. Finally, expression levels of circRNA-100876, hsa_circ_0002320, circNOL10, circ_0056618, circ_0060745, circ-0004277, hsa_circRNA_102958, circPPP1R12A, hsa_circ_0007534, circ_0079993 and hsa_circ_0005075 can be used for prediction of clinical outcome of patients CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Atefe Abak
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Vafaee
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou B, Li T, Xie R, Zhou J, Liu J, Luo Y, Zhang X. CircFAT1 facilitates cervical cancer malignant progression by regulating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway through miR-409-3p/CDK8 axis. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1131-1143. [PMID: 33818788 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA FAT atypical cadherin 1 (circFAT1) has been reported to play vital roles in the progression of some cancers. However, the regulatory role and underlying mechanisms of circFAT1 in cervical cancer (CC) remain largely unknown. The expression of circFAT1, microRNA (miR)-409-3p and cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) was detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in vitro were investigated using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Western blot assay was used to determine the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway. The interaction miR-409-3p and circFAT1 or CDK8 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter, pull-down or RIP assays. The effects of circFAT1 in vivo were determined using xenograft models. CircFAT1 was highly expressed in CC, and closely associated with poor prognosis. CircFAT1 knockdown resulted in the suppression of proliferation, migration and invasion, and promotion of apoptosis in CC cells via the inactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway; also, circFAT1 silencing could inactivate this pathway and repressed CC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic analysis showed that circFAT1 directly sponged miR-409-3p and then relieved the repressive effect of miR-409-3p on its target CDK8. Furthermore, miR-409-3p inhibition reversed the effects of circFAT1 silencing on CC cells. Whereas, miR-409-3p overexpression impeded CC cell growth and motility, which was attenuated by CDK8. CircFAT1 promoted CC progression via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway through the miR-409-3p/CDK8 axis, suggesting a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rongping Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Shaoyang Central Hospital, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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15
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Long F, Lin Z, Li L, Ma M, Lu Z, Jing L, Li X, Lin C. Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 33536039 PMCID: PMC7856739 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common hereditary tumor that is often fatal. Its pathogenesis involves multiple genes, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, circRNAs constitute a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized as stable, conserved molecules that are abundantly expressed in tissue/development-specific patterns in eukaryotes. Based on accumulating evidence, circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, cells, exosomes, and blood from patients with CRC. Moreover, numerous circRNAs have been identified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors that mediate tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoradiation resistance in CRC. Although the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA biogenesis and functions remain fairly elusive, interesting results have been obtained in studies investigating CRC. In particular, the expression of circRNAs in CRC is comprehensively modulated by multiple factors, such as splicing factors, transcription factors, specific enzymes and cis-acting elements. More importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on CRC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA binding proteins, and even translating functional peptides. Finally, circRNAs may serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the clinical practice of CRC. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in CRC and further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs exert their functions and how their expression is regulated. Based on this review, we hope to reveal the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer and highlight the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Class 25 Grade 2016, The Five-Year Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liang Jing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China.
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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16
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Xiao Q, Zhong J, Tang X, Luo J. iCDA-CMG: identifying circRNA-disease associations by federating multi-similarity fusion and collective matrix completion. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 296:223-233. [PMID: 33159254 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures. Studies prove that circRNAs perform critical roles in various biological processes, and the aberrant expression of circRNAs is closely related to tumorigenesis. Therefore, identifying potential circRNA-disease associations is beneficial to understand the pathogenesis of complex diseases at the circRNA level and helps biomedical researchers and practitioners to discover diagnostic biomarkers accurately. However, it is tremendously laborious and time-consuming to discover disease-related circRNAs with conventional biological experiments. In this study, we develop an integrative framework, called iCDA-CMG, to predict potential associations between circRNAs and diseases. By incorporating multi-source prior knowledge, including known circRNA-disease associations, disease similarities and circRNA similarities, we adopt a collective matrix completion-based graph learning model to prioritize the most promising disease-related circRNAs for guiding laborious clinical trials. The results show that iCDA-CMG outperforms other state-of-the-art models in terms of cross-validation and independent prediction. Moreover, the case studies for several representative cancers suggest the effectiveness of iCDA-CMG in screening circRNA candidates for human diseases, which will contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis mechanisms and unveiling new opportunities for disease diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Hunan Xiangjiang Artificial Intelligence Academy, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Xiwei Tang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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17
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Yu Q, Yu P, Zheng Q, Yang X, Gao D. Circular RNAs in gastrointestinal cancer: Current knowledge, biomarkers and targeted therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1611-1632. [PMID: 33000182 PMCID: PMC7521476 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of endogenous non‑coding RNAs that are connected at the 3' and 5' ends by exon or intron cyclization, which forms a covalently closed loop. They are stable, well conserved, exhibit specific expression in mammalian cells and can function as microRNA (miRNA or miR) sponges to regulate the target genes of miRNAs, which influences biological processes. Such as tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis and tumor stage. circRNAs represent promising candidates for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the present review, the biogenesis, classification and functions of circRNAs in tumors are briefly summarized and discussed. In addition, the participation of circRNAs in signal transduction pathways regulating gastrointestinal cancer cellular functions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiongfang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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