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Neira JA, Conrad JV, Rusteika M, Chu LF. The progress of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from pigs: a mini review of recent advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1371240. [PMID: 38979033 PMCID: PMC11228285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1371240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs (Sus scrofa) are widely acknowledged as an important large mammalian animal model due to their similarity to human physiology, genetics, and immunology. Leveraging the full potential of this model presents significant opportunities for major advancements in the fields of comparative biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Thus, the derivation of pluripotent stem cells from this species can offer new tools for disease modeling and serve as a stepping stone to test future autologous or allogeneic cell-based therapies. Over the past few decades, great progress has been made in establishing porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (pESCs) derived from pre- and peri-implantation embryos, and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) using a variety of cellular reprogramming strategies. However, the stabilization of pPSCs was not as straightforward as directly applying the culture conditions developed and optimized for murine or primate PSCs. Therefore, it has historically been challenging to establish stable pPSC lines that could pass stringent pluripotency tests. Here, we review recent advances in the establishment of stable porcine PSCs. We focus on the evolving derivation methods that eventually led to the establishment of pESCs and transgene-free piPSCs, as well as current challenges and opportunities in this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Neira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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2
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Chen F, Shi D, Zou L, Yang X, Qiao S, Zhang R, Yang S, Deng Y. Two Small Molecule Inhibitors Promote Reprogramming of Guangxi Bama Mini-Pig Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Naive-Like State Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:158-167. [PMID: 33956517 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Past researches have shown that pluripotency maintenance of naive and primed-state pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) depends on different signaling pathways, and naive-state PSCs possess the ability to produce chimeras when they are introduced into a blastocyst. Considering porcine is an attractive model for preclinical studies, many researches about pig induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) have been reported. Some cytokines and small molecule compounds could transform primed piPSCs into naive state. However, there are no suitable culture conditions for generation of naive-state piPSCs with high efficiency; other small molecule compounds need further exploration. In this study, we investigated whether p38 MAPK and JNK signal pathway inhibitor SB203580 and SP600125 could be of benefit for acquiring naive-state piPSCs. By comparing reprogramming efficiencies under conditions of different donor cells and culture environment, we found that porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) have higher efficiency on piPSC induction, and the culture condition of CHIR99021+PD0325901(2i)+Lif+bFGF is more suitable for subculturing of piPSCs. Our results also indicate that SB203580 and SP600125 could promote reprogramming of PBMSCs into naive-like state piPSCs. These results provide guidance for choosing donor cells, culture conditions, and research of different state iPSCs during the process of reprogramming pig somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiu Zou
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Shuye Qiao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Ruimen Zhang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Yang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China.,International Zhuang Medical Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University Chinese Medicine, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
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Scarfone RA, Pena SM, Russell KA, Betts DH, Koch TG. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals: a narrative review. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:477. [PMID: 33292200 PMCID: PMC7722595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are undifferentiated stem cells characterized by the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. iPSCs are a relatively new and rapidly developing technology in many fields of biology, including developmental anatomy and physiology, pathology, and toxicology. These cells have great potential in research as they are self-renewing and pluripotent with minimal ethical concerns. Protocols for their production have been developed for many domestic animal species, which have since been used to further our knowledge in the progression and treatment of diseases. This research is valuable both for veterinary medicine as well as for the prospect of translation to human medicine. Safety, cost, and feasibility are potential barriers for this technology that must be considered before widespread clinical adoption. This review will analyze the literature pertaining to iPSCs derived from various domestic species with a focus on iPSC production and characterization, applications for tissue and disease research, and applications for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Scarfone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samantha M Pena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Keith A Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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4
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Navarro M, Soto DA, Pinzon CA, Wu J, Ross PJ. Livestock pluripotency is finally captured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:11-39. [PMID: 32188555 DOI: 10.1071/rd19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have demonstrated great utility in improving our understanding of mammalian development and continue to revolutionise regenerative medicine. Thanks to the improved understanding of pluripotency in mice and humans, it has recently become feasible to generate stable livestock PSCs. Although it is unlikely that livestock PSCs will be used for similar applications as their murine and human counterparts, new exciting applications that could greatly advance animal agriculture are being developed, including the use of PSCs for complex genome editing, cellular agriculture, gamete generation and invitro breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Navarro
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Delia A Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Pinzon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA; and Corresponding author.
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Qiao S, Deng Y, Li S, Yang X, Shi D, Li X. Partially Reprogrammed Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using MicroRNA Cluster miR-302s in Guangxi Bama Minipig Fibroblasts. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:229-237. [PMID: 31479283 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) have great potential application in regenerative medicine. The miR-302s cluster alone has been shown to reprogram mouse and human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) without exogenous transcription factors. However, miR-302s alone have not been reported to reprogram cells in large livestock. In this study, we induced pig somatic cells into partially reprogrammed piPSCs using overexpression of the miR-302s cluster (miR-302s-piPSC) and investigated the early reprogramming events during the miRNA induction process. The results showed that miR-302s-piPSCs exhibited some characteristics of pluripotent stem cells including expression of pluripotency markers-particularly, efficient activation of endogenous OCT4-and differentiation to the three germ layers in vitro. During the early reprogramming process, somatic cells first underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition and then mesenchymal-epithelial transition to eventually form miR-302s-piPSCs. These data show, for the first time, that single factor miR-302s successfully induced pig somatic cells into miR-302s-piPSCs. This study provides a new tool and research direction for the induction of pluripotent stem cells in a large livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuye Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Rádis-Baptista G, Campelo IS, Morlighem JÉRL, Melo LM, Freitas VJF. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): From delivery of nucleic acids and antigens to transduction of engineered nucleases for application in transgenesis. J Biotechnol 2017; 252:15-26. [PMID: 28479163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been studied for their capacity to translocate across the lipid membrane of several cell types. In membrane translocation, these peptides can remarkably transport biologically active hydrophilic molecules, such as pharmaceuticals, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and even high-molecular-weight proteins, Fig. 3 into the cell cytoplasm and organelles. The development of CPPs as transduction agents includes the modification of gene and protein expression, the reprogramming and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and the preparation of cellular vaccines. A relatively recent field of CPP application is the transduction of plasmid DNA vectors and CPP-fusion proteins to modify genomes and introduce new traits in cells and organisms. CPP-mediated transduction of components for genome editing is an advantageous alternative to viral DNA vectors. Engineered site-specific nucleases, such as Cre recombinase, ZFN, TALENs and CRISPR associated protein (Cas), have been coupled to CPPs, and the fused proteins have been used to permeate targeted cells and tissues. The functionally active fusion CPP-nucleases subsequently home to the nucleus, incise genomic DNA at specific sites and induce repair and recombination. This review has the objective of discussing CPPs and elucidating the prospective use of CPP-mediated transduction technology, particularly in genome modification and transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil.
| | - Iana S Campelo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Jean-Étienne R L Morlighem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil; Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.455-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Melo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Vicente J F Freitas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil.
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Park KM, Lee J, Hussein KH, Hong SH, Yang SR, Lee E, Woo HM. Generation of liver-specific TGF-α/c-Myc-overexpressing porcine induced pluripotent stem-like cells and blastocyst formation using nuclear transfer. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:709-13. [PMID: 26725870 PMCID: PMC4873867 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic porcine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are attractive cell sources for
the development of genetically engineered pig models, because they can be expanded without
senescence and have the potential for multiple gene manipulation. They are also useful
cell sources for disease modeling and treatment. However, the generation of transgenic
porcine iPS cells is rare, and their embryonic development after nuclear transfer (NT) has
not yet been reported. We report here the generation of liver-specific oncogenes
(TGF-α/c-Myc)-overexpressing porcine iPS (T/M iPS)-like cells. They
expressed stem cell characteristics and were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells
that express oncogenes. We also confirmed that NT embryos derived from T/M iPS-like cells
successfully developed blastocysts in vitro. As an initial approach
toward porcine transgenic iPS cell generation and their developmental competence after NT,
this study provides foundations for the efficient generation of genetically modified
porcine iPS cells and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mee Park
- Stem Cell Institute-KNU, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
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Schook LB, Collares TV, Darfour-Oduro KA, De AK, Rund LA, Schachtschneider KM, Seixas FK. Unraveling the swine genome: implications for human health. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2016; 3:219-44. [PMID: 25689318 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pig was first used in biomedical research in ancient Greece and over the past few decades has quickly grown into an important biomedical research tool. Pigs have genetic and physiological traits similar to humans, which make them one of the most useful and versatile animal models. Owing to these similarities, data generated from porcine models are more likely to lead to viable human treatments than those from murine work. In addition, the similarity in size and physiology to humans allows pigs to be used for many experimental approaches not feasible in mice. Research areas that employ pigs range from neonatal development to translational models for cancer therapy. Increasing numbers of porcine models are being developed since the release of the swine genome sequence, and the development of additional porcine genomic and epigenetic resources will further their use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801; , , , ,
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9
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Feline mesenchymal stem cells and supernatant inhibit reactive oxygen species production in cultured feline neutrophils. Res Vet Sci 2015; 103:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Liu T, Dou H, Xiang X, Li L, Li Y, Lin L, Pang X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Luan J, Xu Y, Yang Z, Yang W, Liu H, Li F, Wang H, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G, Du Y. Factors Determining the Efficiency of Porcine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Data Analysis with Over 200,000 Reconstructed Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:463-71. [PMID: 26655078 PMCID: PMC4677548 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data analysis in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research is usually limited to several hundreds or thousands of reconstructed embryos. Here, we report mass results obtained with an established and consistent porcine SCNT system (handmade cloning [HMC]). During the experimental period, 228,230 reconstructed embryos and 82,969 blastocysts were produced. After being transferred into 656 recipients, 1070 piglets were obtained. First, the effects of different types of donor cells, including fetal fibroblasts (FFs), adult fibroblasts (AFs), adult preadipocytes (APs), and adult blood mesenchymal (BM) cells, were investigated on the further in vitro and in vivo development. Compared to adult donor cells (AFs, APs, BM cells, respectively), FF cells resulted in a lower blastocyst/reconstructed embryo rate (30.38% vs. 37.94%, 34.65%, and 34.87%, respectively), but a higher overall efficiency on the number of piglets born alive per total blastocysts transferred (1.50% vs. 0.86%, 1.03%, and 0.91%, respectively) and a lower rate of developmental abnormalities (10.87% vs. 56.57%, 24.39%, and 51.85%, respectively). Second, recloning was performed with cloned adult fibroblasts (CAFs) and cloned fetal fibroblasts (CFFs). When CAFs were used as the nuclear donor, fewer developmental abnormalities and higher overall efficiency were observed compared to AFs (56.57% vs. 28.13% and 0.86% vs. 1.59%, respectively). However, CFFs had an opposite effect on these parameters when compared with CAFs (94.12% vs. 10.87% and 0.31% vs. 1.50%, respectively). Third, effects of genetic modification on the efficiency of SCNT were investigated with transgenic fetal fibroblasts (TFFs) and gene knockout fetal fibroblasts (KOFFs). Genetic modification of FFs increased developmental abnormalities (38.96% and 25.24% vs. 10.87% for KOFFs, TFFs, and FFs, respectively). KOFFs resulted in lower overall efficiency compared to TFFs and FFs (0.68% vs. 1.62% and 1.50%, respectively). In conclusion, this is the first report of large-scale analysis of porcine cell nuclear transfer that provides important data for potential industrialization of HMC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xi Xiang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lin Li
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Yijie Zhang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | - Huan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feida Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Lars Bolund
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gabor Vajta
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
This review deals with the latest advances in the study of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from domesticated species, with a focus on pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. Whereas the derivation of fully pluripotent ESC from these species has proved slow, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSC has been more straightforward. However, most of these iPSC depend on the continued expression of the introduced transgenes, a major drawback to their utility. The persistent failure in generating ESC and the dependency of iPSC on ectopic genes probably stem from an inability to maintain the stability of the endogenous gene networks necessary to maintain pluripotency. Based on work in humans and rodents, achievement of full pluripotency will likely require fine adjustments in the growth factors and signaling inhibitors provided to the cells. Finally, we discuss the future utility of these cells for biomedical and agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - Ye Yuan
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
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12
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Production of CMAH Knockout Preimplantation Embryos Derived From Immortalized Porcine Cells Via TALE Nucleases. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e166. [PMID: 24866481 PMCID: PMC4040627 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although noncancerous immortalized cell lines have been developed by introducing genes into human and murine somatic cells, such cell lines have not been available in large domesticated animals like pigs. For immortalizing porcine cells, primary porcine fetal fibroblasts were isolated and cultured using the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. After selecting cells with neomycin for 2 weeks, outgrowing colonized cells were picked up and subcultured for expansion. Immortalized cells were cultured for more than 9 months without changing their doubling time (~24 hours) or their diameter (< 20 µm) while control cells became replicatively senescent during the same period. Even a single cell expanded to confluence in 100 mm dishes. Furthermore, to knockout the CMAH gene, designed plasmids encoding a transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs) pairs were transfected into the immortalized cells. Each single colony was analyzed by the mutation-sensitive T7 endonuclease I assay, fluorescent PCR, and dideoxy sequencing to obtain three independent clonal populations of cells that contained biallelic modifications. One CMAH knockout clone was chosen and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cloned embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. In conclusion, we demonstrated that immortalized porcine fibroblasts were successfully established using the human hTERT gene, and the TALENs enabled biallelic gene disruptions in these immortalized cells.
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13
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Schneider MKJ, Seebach JD. Xenotransplantation literature update, March-April 2013. Xenotransplantation 2014; 20:193-6. [PMID: 24495050 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mårten K J Schneider
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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