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Grausa K, Siddiqui SA, Lameyer N, Wiesotzki K, Smetana S, Pentjuss A. Metabolic Modeling of Hermetia illucens Larvae Resource Allocation for High-Value Fatty Acid Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:724. [PMID: 37367882 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All plant and animal kingdom organisms use highly connected biochemical networks to facilitate sustaining, proliferation, and growth functions. While the biochemical network details are well known, the understanding of the intense regulation principles is still limited. We chose to investigate the Hermetia illucens fly at the larval stage because this stage is a crucial period for the successful accumulation and allocation of resources for the subsequent organism's developmental stages. We combined iterative wet lab experiments and innovative metabolic modeling design approaches to simulate and explain the H. illucens larval stage resource allocation processes and biotechnology potential. We performed time-based growth and high-value chemical compound accumulation wet lab chemical analysis experiments on larvae and the Gainesville diet composition. We built and validated the first H. illucens medium-size, stoichiometric metabolic model to predict the effects of diet-based alterations on fatty acid allocation potential. Using optimization methods such as flux balance and flux variability analysis on the novel insect metabolic model, we predicted that doubled essential amino acid consumption increased the growth rate by 32%, but pure glucose consumption had no positive impact on growth. In the case of doubled pure valine consumption, the model predicted a 2% higher growth rate. In this study, we describe a new framework for researching the impact of dietary alterations on the metabolism of multi-cellular organisms at different developmental stages for improved, sustainable, and directed high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Grausa
- Department of Computer Systems, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
| | - Shahida A Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, D-94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Norbert Lameyer
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Karin Wiesotzki
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Sergiy Smetana
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Agris Pentjuss
- Department of Computer Systems, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
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Berzins K, Muiznieks R, Baumanis MR, Strazdina I, Shvirksts K, Prikule S, Galvanauskas V, Pleissner D, Pentjuss A, Grube M, Kalnenieks U, Stalidzans E. Kinetic and Stoichiometric Modeling-Based Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production Potential by C. cohnii from Glycerol, Glucose and Ethanol. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020115. [PMID: 35200644 PMCID: PMC8879253 DOI: 10.3390/md20020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the most important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), with numerous health benefits. Crypthecodinium cohnii, a marine heterotrophic dinoflagellate, is successfully used for the industrial production of DHA because it can accumulate DHA at high concentrations within the cells. Glycerol is an interesting renewable substrate for DHA production since it is a by-product of biodiesel production and other industries, and is globally generated in large quantities. The DHA production potential from glycerol, ethanol and glucose is compared by combining fermentation experiments with the pathway-scale kinetic modeling and constraint-based stoichiometric modeling of C. cohnii metabolism. Glycerol has the slowest biomass growth rate among the tested substrates. This is partially compensated by the highest PUFAs fraction, where DHA is dominant. Mathematical modeling reveals that glycerol has the best experimentally observed carbon transformation rate into biomass, reaching the closest values to the theoretical upper limit. In addition to our observations, the published experimental evidence indicates that crude glycerol is readily consumed by C. cohnii, making glycerol an attractive substrate for DHA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristaps Berzins
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Reinis Muiznieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Matiss R. Baumanis
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Inese Strazdina
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Karlis Shvirksts
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Santa Prikule
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Vytautas Galvanauskas
- Biotehniskais Centrs AS, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia;
- Department of Automation, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daniel Pleissner
- Sustainable Chemistry (Resource Efciency), Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, C13.203, 21335 Luneburg, Germany;
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research (ILU), Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806 Bad Belzig, Germany
| | - Agris Pentjuss
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Mara Grube
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Uldis Kalnenieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Egils Stalidzans
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.B.); (R.M.); (M.R.B.); (I.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (U.K.)
- Biotehniskais Centrs AS, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-29575510
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