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Stiff C, Reeves M. Careful When You Click? How the Dark Triad of Personality Can Influence the Likelihood of Online Crime Victimization. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 158:238-256. [PMID: 38055932 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2286451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cybercrime is a growing problem, with increasing numbers of people reporting they have been a victim. However, the literature has tended to focus on the characteristics of the perpetrator and has often neglected to examine how the individual differences of victims may have an impact. This paper investigates how the Dark Triad - Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy - may increase the chances of being a victim of online crime. To do this, the Cyber Routine Activities Theory was applied, which suggests victimization is a result of two things: 1) a user's routine online activity which may bring them into contact with nefarious others and/or makes them an attractive target, and 2) the lack of a "capable guardian" who can defend against such nefarious others. Using an online survey (N = 328), we measured Internet users' Dark Triad traits, along with their engagement in various online activities and the preventative measures used against potential criminals. Findings demonstrated that narcissism and psychopathy increased the likelihood of victimization, but Machiavellianism did not. These relationships were moderated by gender. However, contrary to other work using the Cyber-RAT, preventative measures (e.g. knowledge of computers, presence of anti-virus programs) did not seem to impact on the likelihood of victimization. The challenges of using these findings to reduce cybercrime and future work are then discussed.
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Ma X, He Z, Cao Y. What Do I Suggest You Focus on in My Photo Story? The Effect of User Personality on the Position Significance of Jiugong Grid Images in Microblog. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:35-41. [PMID: 36656147 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Jiugong grid is one of the most used forms of multiple images posting in social media, with nine images arranged in three rows and three columns to present a related topic story from one microblog. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the big five personality traits and the sequence position of Jiugong grid images. Two hundred thirty-seven volunteers completed a survey on the big five personality traits, and their 4,671 Jiugong grid microblogs with 42,039 photos were also obtained and analyzed. The results showed that users with varied kinds of personality traits could apply the significant position of Jiugong grid to emphasize certain content among multiple photos for a more attractable "story telling" in microblog. Compared with the image sequence position from the perspective of reading order, user personality traits had more relationship with that from the perspective of attention. This study is one of the first investigating the Jiugong grid image sharing behavior, which could theoretically enrich the social media image research from cognitive view and practically reveal the motivation of multiple images usage in social media, such as interface design and marketing purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Ma
- School of Journalism and New Media, Department of New Media, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua He
- School of Journalism and New Media, Department of New Media, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Journalism and New Media, Department of New Media, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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3
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McGovern O, Collins R, Dunne S. The associations between photo-editing and body concerns among females: A systematic review. Body Image 2022; 43:504-517. [PMID: 36371869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research has raised concerns about the growing prevalence of photo-editing behaviour and how this may negatively interact with body-related concerns among females. This review aimed to systematically examine the current evidence relating to the associations between photo-editing behaviour and female body concerns, including body image, body dissatisfaction and body modification. Six databases were searched for studies investigating associations between photo-editing and body concerns in female social media users. Empirical studies published in English were included if they quantitatively measured the association between photo-editing and at least one of the body-related outcomes, and included female participants. A narrative synthesis of the 22 studies meeting these specific criteria was completed. This review revealed mixed findings in relation to the associations between photo-editing and body concerns. The findings indicate there may be a more complex relationship between both concepts that is influenced by alternative factors. The findings also revealed considerable heterogeneity in measurement approaches for both photo-editing behaviour and body-related outcomes. Future research should focus on developing a gold-standard approach to the measurement of various body-related concerns and conducting in-depth analyses in order to further understand the complex relationship between photo-editing and female social media users' body concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla McGovern
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Collins
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Simon Dunne
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland.
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4
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Mas Manchón L, Badajoz Dávila D. The use of social media as a two-way mirror for narcissistic adolescents from Austria, Belgium, South-Korea, and Spain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272868. [PMID: 36044422 PMCID: PMC9432699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of social networking sites (SNS or social media) often comes with strong self-centered behaviors to promote self-appearance. The relationship between narcissism and social media use has intensively occupied scholars in the last decade, yet not much research has focused on, first, how the intensity of social media use (SNS use) is associated with narcissism through a self-centered appearance focused use of these SNS; and second, whether these associations are moderated or not by cultural differences of the country of origin in such a critical age of personality formation and (global) culturalization as the transition from pre-adolescence to adolescence. We performed a correlation and mediation analysis on a cross-sectional survey among Austrian, Belgian, Spanish, and South Korean adolescents (n = 1,983; Mage 14.41, 50.3% boys) examining the adolescents' daily usage of social media, their self-centered appearance focused behavior, and the reported narcissism. Findings show that a self-centered appearance focused use of SNS (SCA) moderates the association between SNS use and narcissism, especially for males from the three European countries. We have also particularly found that the years of use, number of friends and time spent in FB are associated with narcissism. Since SCA is defined in the study as narcissistic behavior in SNS, we argue that social media are part of the socialization process as both reinforcers and catalyzers of narcissism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Mas Manchón
- Department of Communication, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Badajoz Dávila
- Department of Advertising, PR, and Audiovisual Communication, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Miller B. Exploring the Posting of Nude Photographs on Reddit in Relation to Self-Esteem, Perceived Attractiveness, Narcissism, and Sensation Seeking. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3083-3092. [PMID: 35790611 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While many scholars have explored the sharing of nude photographs one-to-one (i.e., sexting), few have examined the sharing of nudity in a one-to-many context. The current study examined the sharing of nude photographs on Reddit, framing the practice as an act of disinhibited online behavior. A survey (n = 628) was conducted to assess whether Redditors levels of sensation seeking, self-esteem, perceived attractiveness, and narcissism would be related to whether or not they posted nude photographs on the site. Results indicated that posting nudity on Reddit was significantly associated with higher perceived attractiveness and narcissism, but not sensation seeking or self-esteem. The role of gender and sexual orientation in the posting of nudity online was also assessed, and an overrepresentation of nude content produced by females and bisexual persons, as well as an underrepresentation of nude content produced by males and heterosexuals, was found. Findings are discussed in relation to self-concept, sexual health, and the online disinhibition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Miller
- Department of Communication, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
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Ferrari BL, Carvalho LDF, Sette CP. Relationship Between Facebook Problematic use and Pathological Personality Traits: a Systematic Review. PSICO-USF 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712021260305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract We aimed to investigate relationships between Facebook problematic use (Facebook PU) and pathological traits of personality, by a systematic review. The literature search was proceeded based on a search strategy including the keywords “Facebook”, “problematic use” and “personality”. We found a total of 236 publications and selected 21 papers for full verification. All of them were excluded, characterizing an empty review. As an attempt to increase the probability of finding eligible publications, first, we have broadened the search of the systematic review from “Facebook” to “social network sites” (and variations); and then from “social network sites” to “internet”. Regarding this last change, the final set of publications after full reading based on the eligibility criteria was composed by 15 papers. We emphasize that there was no empirical evidence on the relationship between Facebook PU and pathological traits of personality. Given the proximity between Facebook PU and internet addiction, it is possible to hypothesize that there is a relationship between pathological traits (i.e., Neuroticism, Impulsivity, and Psychoticism) and Facebook PU.
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Riddle E, MacKay JRD. Social Media Contexts Moderate Perceptions of Animals. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E845. [PMID: 32422968 PMCID: PMC7278477 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of social media in the past decade represents a new space where animals are represented in human society, and this may influence human perceptions, for example driving desire for exotic pet keeping. In this study, 211 participants (49% female) between the ages of 18 to 44 were recruited to an online survey where they viewed mock-up pages from a social media site. All participants saw the same image of a primate but were randomly assigned to a pro exotic pet keeping or anti exotic pet keeping narrative condition. When participants were presented with the anti narrative they perceived the animal to be more stressed (χ2 = 13.99, p < 0.001). In free text comments, participants expressed reservations in the face of a narrative they disagreed with in free text comments. Overall, this study found evidence to suggest that people moderate their discussions on human-animal interactions based on the social network they are in, but these relationships are complex and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill R. D. MacKay
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK;
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8
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Tews MJ, Stafford K, Kudler EP. The effects of negative content in social networking profiles on perceptions of employment suitability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijsa.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Tews
- School of Hospitality Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Kathryn Stafford
- Department of Human Sciences Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Ethan P. Kudler
- School of Hospitality Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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9
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Stiff C. The Dark Triad and Facebook surveillance: How Machiavellianism, psychopathy, but not narcissism predict using Facebook to spy on others. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Jin SV, Ryu E, Muqaddam A. Romance 2.0 on Instagram! "What Type of Girlfriend Would You Date?". EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 17:1474704919826845. [PMID: 30791701 PMCID: PMC10481046 DOI: 10.1177/1474704919826845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Instagram selfies and groupies symbolize social media users' public display of narcissism. From an evolutionary psychological perspective on the renovated hierarchy of fundamental human motives and needs, this study examined the interaction effects of Instagram photo types (selfies, group selfies, long-shot photos taken by others, and neutral photos) and Instagram peer viewers' individual difference factors (intrasexual competition [ISC] for mates, need for popularity [NfP], loneliness, and need to belong [NtB]) on intersexual attraction. A randomized between-subjects experiment ( N = 110) was executed to see how the interaction affects the intention to date the target opposite-sex person. Multiple regression analyses confirm the moderating effects of ISC for mates, NfP, loneliness, and NtB on dating desire, among heterosexual/bisexual males exposed to female Instagram photos. Viewer characteristics moderate the influence of the potential mate's photo types on perception and dating desirability. This study makes theoretical contributions to the literature on evolutionary psychology of narcissism and the renovated pyramid of primary needs. With regard to practical implications for online dating apps/social networking sites, neutral photos are more effective to appeal to men who feel lonely and have higher need for belonging and popularity, whereas group selfies are more appealing to men who have lower ISC for mate, NtB, and NfP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Venus Jin
- School of Business, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ehri Ryu
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Aziz Muqaddam
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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11
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Singh S, Farley SD, Donahue JJ. Grandiosity on display: Social media behaviors and dimensions of narcissism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Whitty MT, Doodson J, Creese S, Hodges D. A picture tells a thousand words: What Facebook and Twitter images convey about our personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose
To date, only a limited number of studies have considered WhatsApp groups. The purpose of this paper is to focus on single WhatsApp groups and explore their special characteristics and dynamics. The present study used the social support perspective, Big Five model and narcissism paradigm to predict the level of participation in WhatsApp groups with these variables.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was conducted in Israel during the Spring semester of the 2017 academic year and encompassed 127 students. Researchers used eight questionnaires to gather data: a demographic questionnaire; a perceived social support questionnaire; three characteristics from the BIG5 questionnaire: extroversion, openness to experience and neuroticism; a narcissistic questionnaire; questions about WhatsApp usage; questions about one meaningful WhatsApp group; participation level in the meaningful group; and group importance.
Findings
The findings confirmed that psychological factors such as social support, extroversion and narcissism significantly predict the level of participation in WhatsApp groups. It was also found that age, the level of group importance, being the group’s manager, WhatsApp usage and group’s subject play an important role in the participation level.
Originality/value
These results affirmed the importance of psychological factors when exploring new technological platforms, as the paper proposes that individuals may behave differently in various technological environments due to their psychological characteristics. The study expanded current research about a popular communication tool, WhatsApp, by examining it within the special context of WhatsApp groups. This focus enables researchers to follow the special dynamics that take place in a new technological platform.
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14
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Show your best self(ie): An exploratory study on selfie-related motivations and behavior in emerging adulthood. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Do vulnerable narcissists profit more from Facebook use than grandiose narcissists? An examination of narcissistic Facebook use in the light of self-regulation and social comparison theory. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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17
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Vander Molen RJ, Kaplan S, Choi E, Montoya D. Judgments of the Dark Triad based on Facebook profiles. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Pantic I, Milanovic A, Loboda B, Błachnio A, Przepiorka A, Nesic D, Mazic S, Dugalic S, Ristic S. Association between physiological oscillations in self-esteem, narcissism and internet addiction: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:239-243. [PMID: 28843628 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Internet addiction is a novel and relatively uninvestigated form of dependence that is fairly common in adolescent population. Previous research has indicated that it may be associated with other mental health problems, such as dysthymic mood and narcissistic behavior. In our study, we tested the existence and strength of relationship between Internet addiction, self-esteem and narcissism in a student population. On a sample of 244 students, we also investigated social networking activities, such as number of self-portrait photographs ("selfies"), and their potential connection with self-esteem and narcissism. Each participant completed a questionnaire consisting of Young Internet Addiction Test, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, and Narcissistic Personality Inventory. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between internet addiction score and self-esteem. Internet addiction increased as self-esteem decreased and vice versa. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between internet addiction and narcissism. NPI score and number of self-portrait photographs (selfies) on Facebook were also in a positive relationship. Conversely, NPI score increased as the self-esteem decreased. The results of the study are in accordance with our previous findings on Internet use and mental health, confirming that Internet addiction is a potentially a serious public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pantic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, Visegradska 26/II, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Haifa, 199 Abba Hushi Blvd., Mount Carmel, Haifa IL-3498838, Israel.
| | - Anita Milanovic
- Clinic for mental disorders "Dr Laza Lazarevic", Visegradska 26/II, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Barbara Loboda
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine; Clinical Center of Serbia, RS-11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Agata Błachnio
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Przepiorka
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dejan Nesic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, Visegradska 26/II, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mazic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, Visegradska 26/II, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Dugalic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine; Clinical Center of Serbia, RS-11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sinisa Ristic
- University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Studentska 5, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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19
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Till logout do us part? Comparison of factors predicting excessive social network sites use and addiction between Singaporean adolescents and adults. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Kim JW, Chock TM. Personality traits and psychological motivations predicting selfie posting behaviors on social networking sites. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Errasti J, Amigo I, Villadangos M. Emotional Uses of Facebook and Twitter: Its Relation With Empathy, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem in Adolescence. Psychol Rep 2017; 120:997-1018. [DOI: 10.1177/0033294117713496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Facebook and Twitter have change interpersonal relationships. Adolescents are the sector of the population who use most these networks. They use them in an emotional way, to express their emotions and to comment on those of others. Empathy, narcissism, and self-esteem may play an important role in the use of these networks. Using a sample of 503 Spanish adolescents (272 males, 231 females), this work studies the relationship between the Basic Empathy Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and emotional and empathic use of Facebook and Twitter. The results showed that those who use Facebook and Twitter have higher scores in empathy. It has been observed that certain ways of using these two social networks are associated with narcissism. Greater use of Facebook and Twitter is associated with lower self-esteem.
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22
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Get behind my selfies: The Big Five traits and social networking behaviors through selfies. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Krämer NC, Feurstein M, Kluck JP, Meier Y, Rother M, Winter S. Beware of Selfies: The Impact of Photo Type on Impression Formation Based on Social Networking Profiles. Front Psychol 2017; 8:188. [PMID: 28261129 PMCID: PMC5311061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Users of social networking sites such as Facebook frequently post self-portraits on their profiles. While research has begun to analyze the motivations for posting such pictures, less is known about how selfies are evaluated by recipients. Although producers of selfies typically aim to create a positive impression, selfies may also be regarded as narcissistic and therefore fail to achieve the intended goal. The aim of this study is to examine the potentially ambivalent reception of selfies compared to photos taken by others based on the Brunswik lens model Brunswik (1956). In a between-subjects online experiment (N = 297), Facebook profile mockups were shown which differed with regard to picture type (selfie vs. photo taken by others), gender of the profile owner (female vs. male), and number of individuals within a picture (single person vs. group). Results revealed that selfies were indeed evaluated more negatively than photos taken by others. Persons in selfies were rated as less trustworthy, less socially attractive, less open to new experiences, more narcissistic and more extroverted than the same persons in photos taken by others. In addition, gender differences were observed in the perception of pictures. Male profile owners were rated as more narcissistic and less trustworthy than female profile owners, but there was no significant interaction effect of type of picture and gender. Moreover, a mediation analysis of presumed motives for posting selfies revealed that negative evaluations of selfie posting individuals were mainly driven by the perceived motivation of impression management. Findings suggest that selfies are likely to be evaluated less positively than producers of selfies might suppose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Krämer
- Department of Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany
| | - Markus Feurstein
- Department of Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jan P Kluck
- Department of Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany
| | - Yannic Meier
- Department of Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marius Rother
- Department of Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Winter
- Department of Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany
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24
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Zheng W, Yuan CH, Chang WH, Wu YCJ. Profile pictures on social media: Gender and regional differences. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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이은곤. The Effect of Media Richness, Social Presence, and Life Satisfaction on Continuance Usage Intention or Withdrawal Intention of SNS Users via Relative Deprivation. JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.15722/jds.14.10.201610.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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26
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Kim E, Lee JA, Sung Y, Choi SM. Predicting selfie-posting behavior on social networking sites: An extension of theory of planned behavior. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Sung Y, Lee JA, Kim E, Choi SM. Why we post selfies: Understanding motivations for posting pictures of oneself. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu C, Ang RP, Lwin MO. Influences of narcissism and parental mediation on adolescents' textual and visual personal information disclosure in Facebook. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sheldon P, Bryant K. Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lee JA, Sung Y. Hide-and-Seek: Narcissism and “Selfie”-Related Behavior. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2016; 19:347-51. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Lee
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongjun Sung
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Walters NT, Horton R. A diary study of the influence of Facebook use on narcissism among male college students. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sorokowski P, Sorokowska A, Oleszkiewicz A, Frackowiak T, Huk A, Pisanski K. Selfie posting behaviors are associated with narcissism among men. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Dark Triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pantic I. Online social networking and mental health. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2014; 17:652-7. [PMID: 25192305 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, online social networking has caused profound changes in the way people communicate and interact. It is unclear, however, whether some of these changes may affect certain normal aspects of human behavior and cause psychiatric disorders. Several studies have indicated that the prolonged use of social networking sites (SNS), such as Facebook, may be related to signs and symptoms of depression. In addition, some authors have indicated that certain SNS activities might be associated with low self-esteem, especially in children and adolescents. Other studies have presented opposite results in terms of positive impact of social networking on self-esteem. The relationship between SNS use and mental problems to this day remains controversial, and research on this issue is faced with numerous challenges. This concise review focuses on the recent findings regarding the suggested connection between SNS and mental health issues such as depressive symptoms, changes in self-esteem, and Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pantic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
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Winter S, Neubaum G, Eimler SC, Gordon V, Theil J, Herrmann J, Meinert J, Krämer NC. Another brick in the Facebook wall – How personality traits relate to the content of status updates. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shelton AK, Skalski P. Blinded by the light: Illuminating the dark side of social network use through content analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rosen LD, Whaling K, Carrier LM, Cheever NA, Rokkum J. The Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale: An empirical investigation. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2013; 29:2501-2511. [PMID: 25722534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to measuring people's everyday usage of technology-based media and other computer-related activities have proved to be problematic as they use varied outcome measures, fail to measure behavior in a broad range of technology-related domains and do not take into account recently developed types of technology including smartphones. In the present study, a wide variety of items, covering a range of up-to-date technology and media usage behaviors. Sixty-six items concerning technology and media usage, along with 18 additional items assessing attitudes toward technology, were administered to two independent samples of individuals, comprising 942 participants. Factor analyses were used to create 11 usage subscales representing smartphone usage, general social media usage, Internet searching, e-mailing, media sharing, text messaging, video gaming, online friendships, Facebook friendships, phone calling, and watching television in addition to four attitude-based subscales: positive attitudes, negative attitudes, technological anxiety/dependence, and attitudes toward task-switching. All subscales showed strong reliabilities and relationships between the subscales and pre-existing measures of daily media usage and Internet addiction were as predicted. Given the reliability and validity results, the new Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale was suggested as a method of measuring media and technology involvement across a variety of types of research studies either as a single 60-item scale or any subset of the 15 subscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Rosen
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90747, United States
| | - K Whaling
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90747, United States
| | - L M Carrier
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90747, United States
| | - N A Cheever
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90747, United States
| | - J Rokkum
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90747, United States
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