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Shen T, Huang Z, Shi C, Pu X, Xu X, Wu Z, Ding G, Cao L. Pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes induce apoptosis of T lymphocytes through the p38 MAPK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. FASEB J 2020; 34:8442-8458. [PMID: 32350913 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902186r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most lethal malignancy and is characterized by poor immunogenicity. Pancreatic cancer cells have various strategies to suppress host immune response, evade immune defenses, and facilitate tumor growth and development. As a mode of long-range intercellular communication, cancer-derived exosomes contribute to impairment of the immune system. However, the mechanisms that induce changes in the activities of signal transduction pathways in immune cells, which are influenced by tumor-derived exosomes, are poorly understood. We (1) treated peripheral T lymphocytes with pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes, tagged CD63 with tdTomato, to trace exosome transfer from pancreatic cancer cells to T lymphocytes; (2) carried out a cytotoxicity assay of exosome-treated T lymphocytes using the Real Time Cellular Analysis system; (3) performed RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis to explore the pivotal signaling pathway that mediates apoptosis in exosome-treated T lymphocytes; and (4) demonstrated the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in exosome-induced T-lymphocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, these results indicate that pancreatic cancer cells secrete exosomes, which are taken up by T lymphocytes to activate p38 MAPK, and then induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis, ultimately causing immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Wenling Hospital, School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Xiaofan Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yano S, Wu S, Sakao K, Hou DX. Involvement of ERK1/2-mediated ELK1/CHOP/DR5 pathway in 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:960-969. [PMID: 30730256 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1574206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a major bioactive compound in Wasabi. Although 6-MSITC is reported to have cancer chemopreventive activities in rat model, the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer mechanisms using two types of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 p53+/+ and p53-/-). 6-MSITC caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in both types of cells in the same fashion. Signaling data revealed that the activation of ERK1/2, rather than p53, is recruited for 6-MSITC-induced apoptosis. 6-MSITC stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and then activated ERK1/2 signaling including ELK1 phosphorylation, and upregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5). The MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocked all of these molecular events induced by 6-MSITC, and enhanced the cell viability in both types of cells in the same manner. These results indicated that ERK1/2-mediated ELK1/CHOP/DR5 pathway is involved in 6-MSITC-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Abbreviations: CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; DR5: death receptor 5; ELK1: ETS transcription factor; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; JNK: Jun-N-terminal kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK1/2: MAP/ERK kinase 1/2; 6-MSITC: 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yano
- a Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Shusong Wu
- b Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China
| | - Kozue Sakao
- a Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan.,c Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- a Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan.,c Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
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Xu F, Li CH, Wong CH, Chen GG, Lai PBS, Shao S, Chan SL, Chen Y. Genome-Wide Screening and Functional Analysis Identifies Tumor Suppressor Long Noncoding RNAs Epigenetically Silenced in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1305-1317. [PMID: 30718359 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play critical roles in the development of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying their deregulation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report that two lncRNAs frequently downregulated in HCC function as tumor suppressors and are epigenetically silenced by histone methyltransferase EZH2. lncRNAs TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 were inhibited by EZH-mediated trimethylation of H3K27me3 at their promoters. Downregulation of TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 was frequently observed in HCC tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues. Both lncRNAs inhibited cell growth, cell survival, and transformation in HCC cells in vitro as well as tumor formation in vivo. Using RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that TCAM1P-004 bound IGF2BP1 and HIST1H1C, whereas RP11-598D14.1 bound IGF2BP1 and STAU1. These lncRNA-protein interactions were critical in regulating p53, MAPK, and HIF1α pathways that promoted cell proliferation in HCC. Overexpression of EZH2 was critical in repressing TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1, and EZH2-TCAM1P-004/RP11-598D14.1-regulated pathways were prevalent in human HCC. Aberrant suppression of TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 led to loss of their tumor-suppressive effects by disrupting the interaction with IGF2BP1, HIST1H1C, and STAU1, which in turn promoted HCC development and progression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of TCAMP1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 in suppressing tumor growth and suggest that EZH2 may serve as a therapeutic target in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: EZH2-mediated loss of lncRNAs TCAM1P-004 and RP11-598D14.1 hinders the formation of tumor suppressor lncRNA-protein complexes and subsequently promotes HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Han Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Hin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Bo San Lai
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shengwen Shao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology of South China and Institute of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
The gut microbiota, as the main member in gut microecology, is an essential mediator in health and disease. The gut microbiota interacts with various organs and systems in the body, including brain, lung, liver, bone, cardiovascular system, and others. Microbiota-derived metabolites such as the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate are primary signals, which link the gut microbiota and physiology. Recently, the gut microbiota has been identified as the origin of a number of diseases by influencing the related cell signaling pathways such as WNT/beta-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer and T cell receptor signaling in the central nervous system. Moreover, several microRNAs participate in signaling networks through the intervention of the gut microbiota. The interaction between the gut microbiota and miRNAs plays a crucial role in vascular dysfunction and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we will report and discuss recent findings about the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and physical organs and how the gut microbiota and miRNAs regulate each other while influencing the host via genes, proteins, or metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Wippermann A, Rupp O, Brinkrolf K, Hoffrogge R, Noll T. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression in butyrate-treated CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2016; 257:150-161. [PMID: 27890772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms responsible for the versatile properties of CHO cells as the major production cell line for biopharmaceutical molecules are not entirely understood yet, although several 'omics' data facilitate the understanding of CHO cells and their reactions to environmental conditions. However, genome-wide studies of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation are still limited. To prove the applicability and usefulness of integrating DNA methylation and gene expression data in a biotechnological context, we exemplarily analyzed the time course of cellular reactions upon butyrate addition in antibody-producing CHO cells by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and CHO-specific cDNA microarrays. Gene expression and DNA methylation analyses showed that pathways known to be affected by butyrate, including cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as pathways potentially involved in butyrate-induced hyperproductivity such as central energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis were affected. Differentially methylated regions were furthermore found to contain binding-site motifs of specific transcription factors and were hypothesized to represent regulatory regions closely connected to the cellular response to butyrate. Generally, our experiment underlines the benefit of integrating DNA methylation and gene expression data, as it provided potential novel candidate genes for rational cell line development and allowed for new insights into the butyrate effect on CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wippermann
- Institute of Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Oliver Rupp
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Karina Brinkrolf
- Department of Biorescources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
| | - Raimund Hoffrogge
- Institute of Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Institute of Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Pulliam SR, Pellom ST, Shanker A, Adunyah SE. Butyrate regulates the expression of inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines in human acute leukemic cells during apoptosis. Cytokine 2016; 84:74-87. [PMID: 27253488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor implicated in many studies as a potential therapy for various forms of cancer. High concentrations of butyrate (>1.5mM) have been shown to activate apoptosis in several cancer cell lines including prostate, breast, and leukemia. Butyrate is also known to influence multiple signaling pathways that are mediators of cytokine production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of high concentrations of butyrate on the cancer microenvironment vis-à-vis apoptosis, cellular migration, and capacity to modulate cytokine expression in cancer cells. The results indicate that high concentrations of butyrate induced a 2-fold activation of caspase-3 and reduced cell viability by 60% in U937 leukemia cells. Within 24h, butyrate significantly decreased the levels of chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 in HL-60 and U937 cells, and decreased CCL5 in THP-1 leukemia cells. Differential effects were observed in treatments with valproic acid for CCL2 and CCL5 indicating butyrate-specificity. Many of the biological effects examined in this study are linked to activation of the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways; therefore, we investigated whether butyrate alters the levels of phosphorylated forms of these signaling proteins and how it correlated with the expression of chemokines. The results show that butyrate may partially regulate CCL5 production via p38 MAPK. The decrease in p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT levels correlated with the decrease in CCL2 production. These data suggest that while promoting apoptosis, butyrate has the potential to influence the cancer microenvironment by inducing differential expression of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Pulliam
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Samuel T Pellom
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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Ye J, Han Y, Chen X, Xie J, Liu X, Qiao S, Wang C. l-Carnitine attenuates H2O2-induced neuron apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neurochem Int 2014; 78:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhou ZK, Bu DD, Su Z, Jiang YM. Butyrate decreases risk of colonic cancer: Potential mechanisms. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2539-2546. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i18.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing trend for the incidence of bowel diseases around the world. Besides the influence from family background and environment, dietary structure plays important roles in the rising rates of bowel diseases. Results from epidemiological studies and molecular biological studies showed that the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, in particular butyrate, is a key factor for maintaining a healthy colon environment. Although the primary mechanism for butyrate to depress the growth of cancer cells is acting as an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), some studies demonstrated that butyrate is also involved in cell metabolism and induction of the death of cancer cells. This article reviews the mechanisms of action of butyrate on colon cells.
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A review of the potential mechanisms for the lowering of colorectal oncogenesis by butyrate. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:820-31. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of preventable cancer deaths worldwide, with dietary factors being recognised as key risk modifiers. Foods containing dietary fibre are protective to a degree that the World Cancer Research Fund classifies the evidence supporting their consumption as ‘convincing’. The mechanisms by which fibre components protect against CRC remain poorly understood, especially their interactions with the gut microbiome. Fibre is a composite of indigestible plant polysaccharides and it is emerging that fermentable fibres, including resistant starch (RS), are particularly important. RS fermentation induces SCFA production, in particular, relatively high butyrate levels, and in vitro studies have shown that this acid has strong anti-tumorigenic properties. Butyrate inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of CRC cell lines at physiological concentrations. These effects are attributed to butyrate's ability to alter gene transcription by inhibiting histone deacetylase activity. However, the more recent discovery of G-protein coupled receptors that bind butyrate and other SCFA and data obtained from proteomic and genomic experiments suggest that alternative pathways are involved. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in butyrate-induced apoptosis in CRC cells and, additionally, the potential role this SCFA may play in mediating key processes in tumorigenesis including genomic instability, inflammation and cell energy metabolism. This discussion may help to inform the development of strategies to lower CRC risk at the individual and population levels.
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Zhao Y, Hasjim J, Li L, Jane JL, Hendrich S, Birt DF. Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic lesions in the rat colon by a cooked stearic acid complexed high-amylose cornstarch. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9700-9708. [PMID: 21780846 DOI: 10.1021/jf202002c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated a novel stearic acid complexed high-amylose cornstarch (SAC) for the prevention of preneoplastic lesions in the colon of azoxymethane (AOM)-treated Fisher 344 rats fed resistant starches at 50-55% of the diet for 8 weeks. Uncooked SAC (r-SAC) diet was compared with raw normal-cornstarch diet (r-CS) or raw high-amylose cornstarch diet (r-HA), and water-boiled CS (w-CS) was compared with w-HA and w-SAC, respectively. w-SAC markedly reduced mucin-depleted foci (MDF) numbers compared with w-HA or w-CS. r-HA significantly decreased aberrant crypt foci (ACF) numbers compared with r-CS or r-SAC. Increased cecum weight and decreased cecum pH were observed in the SAC or HA groups. The highest amounts of total or individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum and of butyrate or propionate in feces were observed in the AOM-treated w-SAC group. This study revealed the effectiveness of a novel resistant starch in inhibiting colonic preneoplastic lesions and the importance of high-moisture cooking on the suppression of colon carcinogenesis by this resistant starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsheng Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 220 MacKay Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1123, United States
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Oh YT, Liu X, Yue P, Kang S, Chen J, Taunton J, Khuri FR, Sun SY. ERK/ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) signaling positively regulates death receptor 5 expression through co-activation of CHOP and Elk1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41310-9. [PMID: 21044953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) is a death domain-containing transmembrane receptor that triggers apoptosis upon binding to its ligand or when overexpressed. Its expression is induced by certain small molecule drugs, including celecoxib, through mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. The current study has revealed a novel ERK/ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-dependent mechanism that regulates DR5 expression primarily using celecoxib as a DR5 inducer. Both C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Elk1 are required for celecoxib-induced DR5 expression based on promoter deletion and mutation analysis and siRNA-mediated gene silencing results. Co-expression of both CHOP and Elk1 exhibited enhanced effects on increasing DR5 promoter activity and DR5 expression, indicating that CHOP and Elk1 co-operatively regulate DR5 expression. Because Elk1 is an ERK-regulated protein, we accordingly found that celecoxib increased the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, RSK2, and Elk1. Inhibition of either ERK signaling with a MEK inhibitor or ERK1/2 siRNA, or RSK2 signaling with an RSK2 inhibitor or RSK2 siRNA abrogated DR5 up-regulation by celecoxib as well as other agents. Moreover, these inhibitions suppressed celecoxib-induced CHOP up-regulation. Thus, ERK/RSK-dependent, CHOP and Elk1-mediated mechanisms are critical for DR5 induction. Additionally, celecoxib increased CHOP promoter activity in an ATF4-dependent manner, and siRNA-mediated blockade of ATF4 abrogated both CHOP induction and DR5 up-regulation, indicating that ATF4 is involved in celecoxib-induced CHOP and DR5 expression. Collectively, we conclude that small molecules such as celecoxib induce DR5 expression through activating ERK/RSK signaling and subsequent Elk1 activation and ATF4-dependent CHOP induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Take Oh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Saha A, Kuzuhara T, Echigo N, Suganuma M, Fujiki H. New Role of (−)-Epicatechin in Enhancing the Induction of Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells by Curcumin. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:953-62. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cao Q, Zhang L, Yang G, Xu C, Wang R. Butyrate-stimulated H2S production in colon cancer cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:1101-9. [PMID: 19803745 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that arrests growth of various types of cells. H(2)S can be endogenously produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) or cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) or both in colonic tissues. In this study, we observed endogenous H(2)S production in a colon cancer cell line (WiDr) and colonic tissues through the activity of both CSE and CBS. After 24 h of incubation of WiDr cells, butyrate increased cell production of H(2)S and upregulated CBS and CSE expressions. Both butyrate and NaHS (a H(2)S donor) decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Blockade of CBS, but not CSE, decreased butyrate-stimulated H(2)S production and reversed butyrate-inhibited cell viability. In addition, NaHS treatment stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibition of the phosphorylation of either p38 MAPK or ERK did not abolish NaHS-induced cell death. Butyrate treatment increased the phosphorylation of ERK, not p38 MAPK and JNK, but inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation did not inhibit butyrate-reduced cell viability. In conclusion, butyrate regulates endogenous H(2)S production by stimulating CBS expression in colon cancer cells, but butyrate and H(2)S inhibit cancer cell growth through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Cao
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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