1
|
Sestrin2 as a Protective Shield against Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054880. [PMID: 36902310 PMCID: PMC10003517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A timely and adequate response to stress is inherently present in each cell and is important for maintaining the proper functioning of the cell in changing intracellular and extracellular environments. Disruptions in the functioning or coordination of defense mechanisms against cellular stress can reduce the tolerance of cells to stress and lead to the development of various pathologies. Aging also reduces the effectiveness of these defense mechanisms and results in the accumulation of cellular lesions leading to senescence or death of the cells. Endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes are particularly exposed to changing environments. Pathologies related to metabolism and dynamics of caloric intake, hemodynamics, and oxygenation, such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, can overwhelm endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes with cellular stress to produce cardiovascular disease. The ability to cope with stress depends on the expression of endogenous stress-inducible molecules. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is an evolutionary conserved stress-inducible cytoprotective protein whose expression is increased in response to and defend against different types of cellular stress. SESN2 fights back the stress by increasing the supply of antioxidants, temporarily holding the stressful anabolic reactions, and increasing autophagy while maintaining the growth factor and insulin signaling. If the stress and the damage are beyond repair, SESN2 can serve as a safety valve to signal apoptosis. The expression of SESN2 decreases with age and its levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and many age-related pathologies. Maintaining sufficient levels or activity of SESN2 can in principle prevent the cardiovascular system from aging and disease.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu C, Jiang Y, Xu W, Bao X. Sestrin2: multifaceted functions, molecular basis, and its implications in liver diseases. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:160. [PMID: 36841824 PMCID: PMC9968343 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly conserved stress-responsive protein, can be triggered by various noxious stimuli, such as hypoxia, DNA damage, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. Multiple transcription factors regulate SESN2 expression, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), p53, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), ATF6, etc. Upon induction, SESN2 generally leads to activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). To maintain cellular homeostasis, SESN2 and its downstream molecules directly scavenge reactive oxygen species or indirectly influence the expression patterns of key genes associated with redox, macroautophagy, mitophagy, ER stress, apoptosis, protein synthesis, and inflammation. In liver diseases including acute liver injury, fatty liver diseases, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), SESN2 is abnormally expressed and correlated with disease progression. In NAFLD, SESN2 helps with postponing disease progression through balancing glycolipid metabolism and macroautophagy (lipophagy), and rectifying oxidative damage and ER stress. During hepatic fibrosis, SESN2 represses HSCs activation and intrahepatic inflammation, hindering the occurrence and progress of fibrogenesis. However, the role of SESN2 in HCC is controversial due to its paradoxical pro-autophagic and anti-apoptotic effects. In conclusion, this review summarizes the biological functions of SESN2 in hypoxia, genotoxic stress, oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation, and specifically emphasizes the pathophysiological significance of SESN2 in liver diseases, aiming to providing a comprehensive understanding for SESN2 as a potential therapeutic target in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Lu
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oxidative Stress-Induced Protein of SESTRIN2 in Cardioprotection Effect. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7439878. [PMID: 35937943 PMCID: PMC9355779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7439878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Because of the rich mitochondria and high energy metabolic requirements, excessive oxidative stress generated by ROS is a key pathogenic mechanism in heart disease. SESTRIN2, the well-known antioxidant protein, plays a vital role in diminishing the production and accumulation of ROS, thus sparing cells from oxidative damage. From this new perspective, we first examine SESTRIN2 structure-function relationships; then, we describe how SESTRIN2 expression is regulated under oxidative stress conditions, emphasizing SESTRIN2's antioxidant mechanism via multiple signal transductions; and finally, we discuss SESTRIN2's role in a variety of oxidative stress-related cardiac diseases, including age-related heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury, septic cardiomyopathy, and chronic cardiac insufficiency. The goal of this review is to identify the SESTRIN2 protein as a potential biomarker and new therapy target for oxidative stress-related cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in Vascular-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7906091. [PMID: 35419169 PMCID: PMC9001081 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7906091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the enhancement of oxidation and the decreased of related antioxidant enzymes activity under pathological conditions, resulting in relatively excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing cytotoxicity, which leads to tissue damage and is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and many other pathologies. As an important intracellular signaling molecule, ROS can regulate numerous physiological actions, such as vascular reactivity and neuronal function. According to several studies, the uncontrolled production of ROS is related to vascular injury. The growing evidence revealing how traditional risk factors translate into ROS and lead to vasculitis and other vascular diseases. In this review, we sought to mainly discuss the role of ROS and antioxidant mechanisms in vascular-related diseases, especially cardiovascular and common macrovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Huang T, Yu Z, Yu Q, Wang Y, Hu J, Shi J, Yang G. The functions and roles of sestrins in regulating human diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:2. [PMID: 34979914 PMCID: PMC8721191 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins (Sesns), highly conserved stress-inducible metabolic proteins, are known to protect organisms against various noxious stimuli including DNA damage, oxidative stress, starvation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and hypoxia. Sesns regulate metabolism mainly through activation of the key energy sensor AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Sesns also play pivotal roles in autophagy activation and apoptosis inhibition in normal cells, while conversely promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. The functions of Sesns in diseases such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer have been broadly investigated in the past decades. However, there is a limited number of reviews that have summarized the functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological processes of human diseases, especially musculoskeletal system diseases. One aim of this review is to discuss the biological functions of Sesns in the pathophysiological process and phenotype of diseases. More significantly, we include some new evidence about the musculoskeletal system. Another purpose is to explore whether Sesns could be potential biomarkers or targets in the future diagnostic and therapeutic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingben Huang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji'an Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoli Yang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee S, Pham DV, Park PH. Sestrin2 induction contributes to anti-inflammatory responses and cell survival by globular adiponectin in macrophages. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 45:38-50. [PMID: 34797495 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, exhibits a modulatory effect on cell death/survival and possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Sestrin2, a stress-inducible metabolic protein, has shown cytoprotective and inflammation-modulatory effects under stressful conditions. In this study, we examined the role of sestrin2 signaling in the modulation of cell survival and inflammatory responses by globular adiponectin (gAcrp) in macrophages. We observed that gAcrp induced a significant increase in sestrin2 expression in both RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and primary murine macrophages. Notably, gAcrp treatment markedly increased expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) and gene silencing of HIF-1α blocked sestrin2 induction by gAcrp. In addition, pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK or PI3K abrogated both sestrin2 and HIF-1α expression by gAcrp, indicating that ERK/PI3K-mediated HIF-1α signaling pathway plays a critical role in sestrin2 induction by gAcrp. Furthermore, sestrin2 induction is implicated in autophagy activation, and knockdown of sestrin2 prevented enhanced cell viability by gAcrp. Moreover, gene silencing of sestrin2 caused restoration of gAcrp-induced expression of anti-inflammatory genes in a gene-selective manner. Taken together, these results indicate that sestrin2 induction critically contributes to cell survival and anti-inflammatory responses by gAcrp in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Vinh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qu J, Luo M, Zhang J, Han F, Hou N, Pan R, Sun X. A paradoxical role for sestrin 2 protein in tumor suppression and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:606. [PMID: 34784907 PMCID: PMC8596924 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin 2, a highly conserved stress-induced protein, participates in the pathological processes of metabolic and age-related diseases. This p53-inducible protein also regulates cell growth and metabolism, which is closely related to malignant tumorigenesis. Sestrin 2 was reported to regulate various cellular processes, such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, anoikis resistance, and drug resistance. Although sestrin 2 is associated with colorectal, lung, liver, and other cancers, sestrin 2 expression varies among different types of cancer, and the effects and mechanisms of action of this protein are also different. Sestrin 2 was considered a tumor suppressor gene in most studies, whereas conflicting reports considered sestrin 2 an oncogene. Thus, this review aims to examine the literature regarding sestrin 2 in various cancers, summarize its roles in suppression and tumorigenesis, discuss potential mechanisms in the regulation of cancer, and provide a basis for follow-up research and potential cancer treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Moyi Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ala M, Eftekhar SP. Target Sestrin2 to Rescue the Damaged Organ: Mechanistic Insight into Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8790369. [PMID: 34765085 PMCID: PMC8577929 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8790369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible metabolic regulator and a conserved antioxidant protein which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Sestrin2 can protect against atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, spinal cord injury neurodegeneration, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pulmonary inflammation. Oxidative stress and cellular damage signals can alter the expression of Sestrin2 to compensate for organ damage. Different stress signals such as those mediated by P53, Nrf2/ARE, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JNK/c-Jun, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways can induce Sestrin2 expression. Subsequently, Sestrin2 activates Nrf2 and AMPK. Furthermore, Sestrin2 is a major negative regulator of mTORC1. Sestrin2 indirectly regulates the expression of several genes and reprograms intracellular signaling pathways to attenuate oxidative stress and modulate a large number of cellular events such as protein synthesis, cell energy homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and lipogenesis. Sestrin2 vigorously enhances M2 macrophage polarization, attenuates inflammation, and prevents cell death. These alterations in molecular and cellular levels improve the clinical presentation of several diseases. This review will shed light on the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on several diseases with an emphasis on underlying pathophysiological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Parsa Eftekhar
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang T, Hu W, Niu Y, Liu S, Fu L. Exercise improves lipid metabolism disorders induced by high-fat diet in a SESN2/JNK-independent manner. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1322-1330. [PMID: 34038646 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SESN2 and JNK are emerging powerful stress-inducible proteins in regulating lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism of SESN2/JNK signaling in exercise to improve lipid disorder induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Our data showed that HFD and SESN2 knockout resulted in abnormalities including elevated body weight, increased fat mass, serum total cholesterol, lipid biosynthesis related proteins, and a concomitant increase of pJNK-Thr183/Tyr185. The above changes were reversed by exercise training. SESN2 silencing or JNK inhibition in palmitate-treated C2C12 further confirmed that SESN2 and JNK play a vital role in lipid biosynthesis. Rescue experiment further demonstrated that SESN2 reduced lipid biosynthesis through inhibition of JNK. SESN2/JNK signaling axis regulates lipid biosynthesis in both animal and cell models with abnormalities of lipid metabolism induced by HFD or palmitate treatment. This study provided evidence that exercise ameliorated lipid metabolic disorder induced by HFD feeding or by SESN2 knockout. SESN2 may improve lipid metabolism through inhibition JNK expression in skeletal muscle cells, providing a molecular mechanism that may represent an attractive target for the treatment of lipid disorder. Novelty: Exercise improved lipid disorder induced by HFD feeding and SESN2 knockout. SESN2 and JNK play a vital role in lipid biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro. SESN2 suppressed JNK to improve lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wenqing Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Li M, Du X, Huang Z, Quan N. Sestrin 2, a potential star of antioxidant stress in cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:56-68. [PMID: 33310138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signal transduction. However, excessive ROS is an important pathological mechanism in most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial aging, cardiomyopathy, ischemia/reperfusion injury (e.g., myocardial infarction) and heart failure. Programmed cell death, hypertrophy and fibrosis may be due to oxidative stress. Sestrin 2 (Sesn2), a stress-inducible protein associated with various stress conditions, is a potential antioxidant. Sesn2 can suppress the process of heart damage caused by oxidative stress, promote cell survival and play a key role in a variety of CVDs. This review discusses the effect of Sesn2 on the redox signal, mainly via participation in the signaling pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. It also discusses the effect of Sesn2's antioxidant activity on different CVDs. We speculate that Sesn2 plays an important role in CVDs by stimulating the process of antioxidation and promoting the adaptation of cells to stress conditions and/or the environment, opening a new avenue for related therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Infection Control, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130031, China.
| | - Nanhu Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kishimoto Y, Kondo K, Momiyama Y. The Protective Role of Sestrin2 in Atherosclerotic and Cardiac Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031200. [PMID: 33530433 PMCID: PMC7865804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), is known to be a chronic inflammatory disease, as well as an age-related disease. Excessive oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Sestrin2 is an anti-oxidant protein that is induced by various stresses such as hypoxia, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Sestrin2 is also suggested to be associated with aging. Sestrin2 is expressed and secreted mainly by macrophages, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Sestrin2 plays an important role in suppressing the production and accumulation of ROS, thus protecting cells from oxidative damage. Since sestrin2 is reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of atherosclerosis. Regarding the association between blood sestrin2 levels and atherosclerotic disease, the blood sestrin2 levels in patients with CAD or carotid atherosclerosis were reported to be high. High blood sestrin2 levels in patients with such atherosclerotic disease may reflect a compensatory response to increased oxidative stress and may help protect against the progression of atherosclerosis. This review describes the protective role of sestrin2 against the progression of atherosclerotic and cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotouge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-896-6352
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan;
| | - Yukihiko Momiyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ge L, Xu M, Brant SR, Liu S, Zhu C, Shang J, Zhao Q, Zhou F. Sestrin3 enhances macrophage-mediated generation of T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells in a mouse colitis model. Int Immunol 2021; 32:421-432. [PMID: 32154559 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) through secreting pro-inflammatory and tissue-damaging factors as well as inducing the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of intestinal macrophage activity in IBDs is important for developing new therapeutic approaches. In the current study, the expression of Sestrins in myeloid cells and lymphocytes in colonic lamina propria (LP) was evaluated in a murine acute colitis model. We found that Sestrin3 was significantly up-regulated in LP macrophages by the colonic LP microenvironment. In the in vitro experiments, lentivirus-mediated Sestrin3 knockdown significantly reduced the production of IL-12 and IL-23 in activated macrophages, in addition to decreasing the expression of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Additionally, Sestrin3 knockdown impaired macrophage-mediated generation of Th1 and Th17 cells from CD4+ T cells, probably through up-regulating the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in macrophages. In the in vivo experiments, adoptive transfer of Sestrin3-deficient macrophages alleviated the generation of Th1 and Th17 cells in the colonic LP and mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer mitigated the severity of colitis, as demonstrated by lower production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fewer tissue lesions in the colon. Our study suggests that Sestrin3 might be crucial for macrophage-mediated generation of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in IBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Steven R Brant
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shaoping Liu
- Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang B J, Wang S, Xiao M, Zhang J, Wang A J, Guo Y, Tang Y, Gu J. Regulatory mechanisms of Sesn2 and its role in multi-organ diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105331. [PMID: 33285232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a powerful anti-oxidant that can prevent acute and chronic diseases. The role of Sesn2 has been thoroughly reviewed in liver, nervous system, and immune system diseases. However, there is a limited number of reviews that have summarized the effects of Sesn2 in heart and vascular diseases, and very less literature-based information is available on involvement of Sesn2 in renal and respiratory pathologies. This review summarizes the latest research on Sesn2 in multi-organ stress responses, with a particular focus on the protective role of Sesn2 in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting Sesn2 in stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang B
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Cardiology at the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jie Wang A
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Du X, Huang Z, Zheng Y, Quan N. Sestrin 2 controls the cardiovascular aging process via an integrated network of signaling pathways. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101096. [PMID: 32544433 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an inevitable biological process, cardiovascular aging is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Sestrin 2 (Sesn2), a stress-inducible and age-related protein associated with various stress conditions, plays a pivotal role in slowing this process. It acts as an anti-aging agent, mainly through its antioxidant enzymatic activity and regulation of antioxidant signaling pathways, as well as by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. In this review, we first introduce the biochemical functions of Sesn2 in the cardiovascular aging process, and describe how Sesn2 expression is regulated under various stress conditions. Next, we emphasize the role of Sesn2 signal transduction in a series of age-related CVDs, including hypertension, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, as well as provide potential mechanisms for the association of Sesn2 with CVDs. Finally, we present the potential therapeutic applications of Sesn2-directed therapy and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130031, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Nanhu Quan
- Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association between Plasma Sestrin2 Levels and the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:7439574. [PMID: 32670435 PMCID: PMC7345609 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7439574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims Atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), is recognized to be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated the association between CAD and plasma levels of sestrin2 which is one of the stress-inducible antioxidant proteins. Methods We measured plasma sestrin2 levels in 304 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was represented as the numbers of >50% stenotic coronary vessels and segments and the severity score. Results CAD was found in 175 patients, of whom 73 had 1-vessel (1-VD), 59 had 2-vessel (2-VD), and 43 had 3-vessel disease (3-VD). Plasma sestrin2 levels were significantly higher in 175 patients with CAD than in 129 without CAD (median 16.4 vs. 14.2 ng/mL, P < 0.05). A stepwise increase in sestrin2 levels was found depending on the number of >50% stenotic coronary vessels: 14.2 in CAD(-), 15.4 in 1-VD, 17.3 in 2-VD, and 17.7 ng/mL in3-VD (P < 0.05). High sestrin2 level (>16.0 ng/mL) was present in 38% of patients with CAD(-), 47% of 1-VD, 66% of 2-VD, and 53% of 3-VD (P < 0.005). Sestrin2 levels significantly, but weakly, correlated with the number of >50% stenotic segments and the severity score (rs = 0.12 and rs = 0.13, P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, sestrin2 levels were a significant factor associated with CAD independent of atherosclerotic risk factors. The odds ratio for CAD was 1.79 (95%CI = 1.09-2.95) for high sestrin2 level of >16.0 ng/mL (P < 0.025). Conclusions Plasma sestrin2 levels in patients with CAD were found to be high and to be associated with the severity of CAD. High sestrin2 levels in patients with CAD may reflect a protective response against the progression of CAD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Circulating Sestrin Levels Are Increased in Hypertension Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:3787295. [PMID: 32626541 PMCID: PMC7306853 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3787295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Sestrins (Sesns), a group of oxidative stress-related proteins, have been reported to be involved in various cardiovascular diseases, including aortic dissection and chronic heart failure. This study is aimed at investigating the level of circulating Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 in hypertension patients. Methods Plasma levels of Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 in 400 hypertensive patients and 100 normotensive subjects were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The hypertension patients were divided into groups with grade I (n = 140), grade II (n = 180), and grade III (n = 80) hypertension. Results Compared with the normotensive subjects, Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 levels were increased in patients with hypertension, with a gradual increase between the groups with grade I, grade II, and grade III hypertension. Elevated Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 levels were positively correlated with both the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Moreover, Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 levels were elevated in patients with dipper hypertension and further increased in patients with nondipper hypertension. In addition, smokers, as well as patients with higher levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP), exhibited increased Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 levels when compared with patients without these clinical characteristics. Furthermore, plasma levels of Sesn1, Sesn2, and Sesn3 were negatively correlated with the presence of CAP. Conclusions Circulating Sesn levels are increased in patients with hypertension and may be a target for the prevention and treatment of clinical hypertension.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen M, Xi Y, Chen K, Xiao P, Li S, Sun X, Han Z. Upregulation Sestrin2 protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage bovine mammary epithelial cells via a Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:392-404. [PMID: 32519422 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a highly conservative oxidative stress protein that can regulate energy metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mitochondria autophagy processes. It plays a role as an antioxidant in various diseases. The aims of the present study were to explore the underlying role of SESN2 after hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) treatment in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) by the methods of knockout or overexpression of SESN2. The results show that knockout of Sestrin2 exacerbate apoptosis, upregulate the expressions of Bax/Bcl2 in H2 O2 -treated MAC-T cells. Moreover, knockout of SESN2 also promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and exacerbated oxidative damage in H2 O2 -treated MAC-T cells. On the contrary, overexpression of SESN2 decreased apoptosis by downregulation of Bax/Bcl2 level decreased ROS generation and blocked oxidative damage in H2 O2 -treated MAC-T cells. In addition, results indicate that the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway was activated by H2 O2 ; upregulation of SESN2 could relieve oxidative stress by inducing the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, and NDPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1 protein. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that expression of SESN2 was significantly increased after H2 O2 treatment and that SESN2 can alleviate oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in H2 O2 -treated MAC-T cells through activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Chen
- Institute of Dairy Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Nanning, China
| | - Yumeng Xi
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunlin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Nanning, China
| | - Shujie Li
- Institute of Dairy Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyu Han
- Institute of Dairy Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Jia Y, Ning Y, Wen W, Qin Y, Zhang H, Du Y, Li L, Jiao X, Yang Y, Liu G, Huang M, Zhang M. TAK1-AMPK Pathway in Macrophages Regulates Hypothyroid Atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:599-612. [PMID: 32495070 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism (HT) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis (AS). The efficacy of traditional strategies of hypothyroid AS remains controversial. Here, we aimed to deepen the understanding of the HT-induced acceleration of AS, to decrease the residual risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and to find a new therapeutic target. METHODS We collected peripheral venous blood samples from 20 patients and divided them into 4 groups, namely, the normal group, the HT group, the CAD group and the HT + CAD group. Then we performed mRNA microarray analysis and bioinformatics analysis to screen the differentially expressed genes and pathways, and we also conducted validations on ApoE knockout mice models and Raw264.7 cell models. RESULTS In short, (1) in the analysis between the CAD group and the HT + CAD group, we found a total of 1218 differentially expressed genes, 11 upregulated pathways and 40 downregulated pathways. (2) We validated that patients with HT and CAD had a significantly decreased expression of MAP3K7 (encoding transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1, TAK1) gene than normal subjects. (3) In animal and cell experiments, we found the decreased expression of TAK1 and the reduced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) under the hypothyroid and atherosclerotic condition. (4) Changes in the expressions of TAK1 may affect the progression of AS. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that the accelerated AS in hypothyroid patients may be due to the suppression of TAK1-AMPK pathway in macrophages. This new finding may become a novel therapeutic target in hypothyroid AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wanwan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linyi Li
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaolu Jiao
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Tongji Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengling Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qi W, Li Z, Yang C, Jiangshan Dai J, Zhang Q, Wang D, Wu C, Xia L, Xu S. Inhibitory mechanism of muscone in liver cancer involves the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:839-850. [PMID: 32020222 PMCID: PMC7041171 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, musk has been used as an analgesic to treat pain associated with cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor; however, patients with liver cancer that received musk were reported to live longer and have a higher quality of life. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether muscone, a macrocyclic compound of musk, demonstrated potential as an anti-liver cancer drug for the non-surgical treatment of advanced liver cancer. Briefly, liver cancer cells were treated with muscone and the rates of cellular apoptosis and autophagy were investigated using staining techniques and western blotting. The underlying molecular mechanisms of muscone were evaluated using high-throughput sequencing and the in vitro effects of muscone were subsequently validated in vivo using a nude mouse model. Muscone increased the rates of apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells; the increase in cellular apoptosis was observed to occur through endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, whereas muscone-induced autophagy was closely associated with the AMP kinase/mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. These findings were verified in vivo. Notably, sestrin-2 expression levels were also significantly decreased in liver cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. In conclusion, the present study suggests that muscone demonstrates potential as an anticancer drug, and the findings of the present study provide the basis for the development of effective anticancer drugs derived from natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jiangshan Jiangshan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Chuanfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| | - Longjiang Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Si Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kishimoto Y, Saita E, Ohmori R, Kondo K, Momiyama Y. Plasma sestrin2 concentrations and carotid atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:56-59. [PMID: 31982404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible antioxidant protein that plays a protective role against oxidative stress. However, blood sestrin2 concentrations in subjects with carotid atherosclerosis have not been elucidated. METHODS We investigated plasma sestrin2 concentrations in 152 subjects undergoing carotid ultrasonography. Plaque severity was evaluated as plaque score. RESULTS Of the 152 subjects, plaque was found in 63 (41%). Plasma sestrin2 concentrations were higher in 63 subjects with plaque than in 89 without plaque (median 14.1 vs. 12.8 ng/ml, P < 0.02). A stepwise increase in sestrin2 concentrations was found depending on plaque score: 12.8 ng/ml in score = 0 (n = 89), 12.7 ng/ml in score = 1 (n = 31), and 15.9 ng/ml in score ≥2 (n = 32)(P < 0.005). Especially, sestrin2 concentrations in subjects with score ≥ 2 were higher than in score = 0 and score = 1 (P < 0.05). Sestrin2 concentrations correlated with plaque score (r = 0.24, P < 0.005). In multivariate analysis, sestrin2 concentration was an independent factor associated with score ≥ 2. Odds ratio for score ≥ 2 was 5.70 (95%CI = 1.99-16.35) for high sestrin2 concentration (>13.0 ng/ml). CONCLUSION Plasma sestrin2 concentrations were found to be high in subjects with carotid plaque and to be associated with plaque severity. High plasma sestrin2 concentrations in subjects with carotid plaque may reflect a protective response against the progression of carotid atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Endowed Research Department "Food for Health", Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Saita
- Endowed Research Department "Food for Health", Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Ohmori
- Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- Endowed Research Department "Food for Health", Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Momiyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shim YS, Lee S, Park HW, Park SR. Sestrin2 Mediates IL-4-induced IgE Class Switching by Enhancing Germline ε Transcription in B Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e19. [PMID: 32395371 PMCID: PMC7192835 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2), a metabolic regulator, accumulates in response to a diverse array of cellular stresses. Sesn2 regulates cellular metabolism by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Recently, researchers reported that Sesn2 regulates the differentiation and function of innate immune cells and T cells; however, the role of Sesn2 in B cells is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Sesn2 in Ig class switching and Ig production in mouse B cells. We observed that mouse B cells express Sesn2 mRNA. Interestingly, the expression of germline ε transcripts (GLTε) was selectively decreased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Sesn2−/− splenocytes. Overexpression of Sesn2 increased GLTε promoter activity in B cells. In addition, AICAR (an activator of AMPK) selectively increased IL-4-induced GLTε expression and surface IgE (sIgE) expression in splenocytes. Furthermore, AICAR selectively enhanced IL-4-induced GLTε expression, sIgE expression, and IgE production by anti-CD40-stimulated B cells. We observed that ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE concentration was reduced in OVA-challenged Sesn2−/− mice. Taken together, these results indicate that Sesn2-AMPK signaling selectively enhances IL-4-induced IgE class switching and IgE production by B cells, suggesting that this could be a therapeutic strategy targeting Sesn2 in IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Sun Shim
- Department of Microbiology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Solji Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang LX, Zhu XM, Yao YM. Sestrin2: Its Potential Role and Regulatory Mechanism in Host Immune Response in Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2797. [PMID: 31867002 PMCID: PMC6904332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in cellular responses to various stresses. SESN2 has a protective effect on physiological and pathological states mainly via regulating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolism, and inflammation. In recent years, breakthrough investigations with regard to the regulation and signaling mechanisms of SESN2 have markedly deepened our understanding of its potential role as well as its significance in host response. However, the functions of SESN2 in the immune system and inflammation remain elusive. It has been documented that many immune cells positively express SESN2 and, in turn, that SESN2 might modulate cellular activities. This review incorporates recent progress and aims to provide novel insight into the protective role and regulatory pathway of SESN2, which acts as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the context of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Wang
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhuo X, Wu Y, Yang Y, Gao L, Qiao X, Chen T. Knockdown of LSD1 meliorates Ox-LDL-stimulated NLRP3 activation and inflammation by promoting autophagy via SESN2-mesiated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019; 233:116696. [PMID: 31351969 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the mechanism of how LSD1 regulates autophagy and the correlation between LSD1 and Ox-LDL-induced inflammation. MAIN METHODS RAW264.7 cells were used during the whole study. Firstly, the effect of Ox-LDL-stimulation on LSD1 expression was detected. Through loss-of-function assay, the associations between LSD1 interference and SESN2 expression, autophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory cytokines were explored. Finally, the function of LSD1 exerted on activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway was detected using western blotting assay. KEY FINDINGS The expression of LSD1 was significantly elevated in Ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of LSD1 promoted autophagy, inhibited inflammation and activated NLRP3 inflammasome. SESN2 was elevated by LSD1 inhibition, and thus activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway. What' more, Knockdown of SESN2 or deactivate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway partly reversed the effect of LSD1 inhibition on autophagy. SIGNIFICANCE Our present study drew the finding that the knockdown of LSD1 meliorated Ox-LDL-stimulated NLRP3 activation and inflammation through promoting autophagy via SESN2-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiangrui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang H, Li N, Shao X, Li J, Guo L, Yu X, Sun Y, Hao J, Niu H, Xiang J, Li X, Han X. Increased plasma sestrin2 concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure and predicted the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events: A 36-month follow-up cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:338-344. [PMID: 31059702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous study had demonstrated that sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression was increased in human failing heart. Although, the circulating Sesn2 concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remains unknown. This study investigated plasma Sesn2 concentrations in patients with CHF and the role between Sesn2 and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. METHODS A total of 80 control subjects and 220 CHF patients were enrolled and the Sesn2 concentrations of each sample were measured. Additionally, the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events in each CHF patient were followed prospectively for 36 months. RESULTS Increased plasma Sesn2 concentrations were found in CHF patients and gradually increased from New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to IV. The Sesn2 concentrations were positively correlated with N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) but negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in CHF patients. The ROC curve suggested that Sesn2 had a certain value in predicting major adverse cardiac events during CHF patients, although, the predictive role of Sesn2 is not as good as NT-pro BNP. In addition, the multivariate Cox hazard analysis was performed after the CHF patients were divided into 3 groups (low, middle, and high) base on the plasma Sesn2 concentrations category, and the results showed that both high and middle Sesn2 concentrations increased the incidence of major adverse cardiac events when compared with low Sesn2 group. Furthermore, CHF patients with major adverse cardiac events showed higher Sesn2 concentrations when compared with CHF without major adverse cardiac events. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed after the CHF patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median Sesn2 concentrations and the results revealed that patients with high Sesn2 concentrations had a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events compared with those with low Sesn2. CONCLUSIONS Plasma Sesn2 concentrations were increased in CHF patients and positively correlated with the severity of CHF. Increased Sesn2 concentrations significantly increased the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events and suggested poor outcome in CHF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingyan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuehui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinlin Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaimin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of geriatric medicine,Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xuebin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim H, Yin K, Falcon DM, Xue X. The interaction of Hemin and Sestrin2 modulates oxidative stress and colon tumor growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 374:77-85. [PMID: 31054940 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several large epidemiological and animal studies demonstrate a direct correlation between dietary heme iron intake and/or systemic iron levels and cancer risk in several cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the precise mechanisms for how heme iron contributes to CRC and how cancer cells respond to heme iron-induced stress are still unclear. Previously we have shown that one of the stress-inducible proteins, Sestrin2 (SESN2), is a novel tumor suppressor in colon by limiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and tumor growth. But the relationship between heme iron and SESN2, especially in the context of colon carcinogenesis, was not investigated previously. Here, we found that hemin dose-dependently increased SESN2 expression in an oxidative stress and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2, NRF2)-dependent manner. Since SESN2 overexpression reduced hemin-induced oxidative stress, SESN2 could be an important target of NRF2 exerting antioxidant function. Indeed, expression of several oxidative stress responsive proteins such as NRF2 and its target genes was reduced by SESN2. Although we formerly reported that SESN2 expression was reduced after p53 mutation in colon tumors, mouse colon tumors, which have intact p53 and NRF2, induced SESN2 expression in response to iron stimulus. Although SESN2 overexpression decreased murine colon tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, it rendered colon cancer cells more resistant to hemin-induced apoptosis and therefore promoted tumor growth during hemin treatment. Taken together, although SESN2 generally suppresses tumorigenesis, it can produce tumor-promoting role in iron-rich environment by suppressing oxidative stress-associated cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeoncheol Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Kunlun Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Daniel M Falcon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiao T, Zhang L, Huang Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Ji Q, Ye J, Lin Y, Liu H. Sestrin2 increases in aortas and plasma from aortic dissection patients and alleviates angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis via the Nrf2 pathway. Life Sci 2018; 218:132-138. [PMID: 30594664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is closely related to aortic dissection (AD). Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is an important antioxidant protein, and this study aimed to investigate whether Sesn2 participates in AD and the possible mechanisms. METHODS Sesn2 expression was detected in aortas collected from AD patients and normal donors. In addition, blood samples were collected from AD patients and non-AD (NAD) patients, and the plasma Sesn2 levels were measured. Furthermore, the effects of Sesn2 on angiotensin (Ang) II-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Compared with the aortas from normal donors, aortas from AD patients had significantly increased Sesn2. Sesn2 was mainly secreted by macrophages, and low levels were secreted by CD4+ T lymphocytes, but not SMCs. Plasma Sesn2 levels were also increased in AD patients compared with NAD patients. Sesn2 levels were negatively corrected with superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels but positively corrected with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in AD patients. In co-cultures of macrophages and SMCs, Sesn2 overexpression in macrophages significantly reduced Ang II-induced SMC apoptosis, and this effect could be reversed by Nrf2 silencing. CONCLUSIONS Sesn2 is increased in both aortas and plasma from AD patients. Sesn2 may alleviate Ang II-induced SMC apoptosis and participate in AD via the Nrf2 pathway. Sesn2 may be a new target in the treatment and prevention of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518110, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518110, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China; Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yingzhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518110, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hua X, Xu J, Deng X, Xu J, Li J, Zhu DQ, Zhu J, Jin H, Tian Z, Huang H, Zhao QS, Huang C. New compound ChlA-F induces autophagy-dependent anti-cancer effect via upregulating Sestrin-2 in human bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:38-51. [PMID: 30118841 PMCID: PMC6245652 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ChlA-F is a novel conformation-derivative of Cheliensisin A, styryl-lactone isolates that show potent anti-tumor potential in vivo and vitro. However, the anti-cancer activity and its potential mechanisms underlying ChlA-F action have never been explored. In the present study, we evaluated the potency of ChlA-F on autophagy-mediated anchorage-independent growth inhibition in human high-grade invasive bladder cancer (BC) cells. We found that ChlA-F treatment significantly inhibited anchorage-independent growth of human BC cells by inducing autophagy in a Sestrin-2 (SESN2)-dependent fashion. Our results revealed that ChlA-F treatment specifically induced SESN2 expression via increasing its transcription and mRNA stability. On one hand, ChlA-F treatment markedly attenuated Dicer protein abundance, in turn abolishing miR-27a maturation and further relieving miR-27a binding directly to SESN2 mRNA 3'UTR, thereby promoting SESN2 mRNA stabilization. On the other hand, ChlA-F treatment promoted Sp1 abundance and consequently mediated SESN2 transcription. These results demonstrate that its activation of the autophagic pathway through specifically promoting SESN2 expression mediates the anti-cancer effect of ChlA-F, which offers insights into the novel anti-cancer effect of ChlA-F on BC, as well as providing therapeutic alternatives against human BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hua
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - David Q Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sestrin 2 suppresses cells proliferation through AMPK/mTORC1 pathway activation in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49318-49328. [PMID: 28525387 PMCID: PMC5564770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrin 2 is a conserved antioxidant protein that reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). We previously showed that sestrin 2 is abnormally decreased in colorectal cancer (CRC). To elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the potential contribution of sestrin 2 to CRC, we used a lentiviral expression vector system to determine the effects of sestrin 2 overexpression on human CRC cells. We found that sestrin 2 overexpression decreased ROS production, inhibited cell growth, and stimulated apoptosis in two CRC cell lines. In parallel, expression of the proliferation marker PCNA was decreased, proapoptotic caspase 3, 7, and 9 levels were increased, and expression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin was reduced. Sestrin 2 overexpression also activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and suppressed mTORC1 signaling. Treating CRC cells with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, reversed or attenuated changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling proteins of the AMPK/mTORC1 axis. In a xenograft mouse model, CRC growth was attenuated by sestrin 2 overexpression. These results suggest that sestrin 2 suppresses CRC cell growth through activation of the AMPK/mTORC1 pathway and induction of apoptosis, and could be a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sestrin2 and sestrin3 suppress NK-92 cell-mediated cytotoxic activity on ovarian cancer cells through AMPK and mTORC1 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90132-90143. [PMID: 29163816 PMCID: PMC5685737 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the major cancer types. NK-92 cell line, which has consistently and reproducibly high anti-tumor cytotoxicity, may be used for immunotherapy against ovarian cancer. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the anti-tumor activity of NK-92 cells is important for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the current study, using an ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model, we identified the up-regulation of sestrin2 (SESN2) and sestrin3 (SESN3) in intratumoral NK-92 cells. Lentivirus-transduced NK-92 cells, which overexpressed SESN2 or SESN3 after doxycycline treatment, exhibited less expression of activating receptors, perforin and granzyme B. Overexpression of SESN2 and SESN3 impaired tumoricidal effect of NK-92 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of SESN2 and SESN3 inhibited mTORC1 signaling while promoting AMPK signaling in NK-92 cells. Taken together, our data highlights the crucial effects of SESN2 and SESN3 on NK-92 cell-mediated anti-ovarian cancer activity. This study might be valuable for designing a novel therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nourbakhsh M, Sharifi R, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Javad A, Ahmadpour F, Razzaghy Azar M, Larijani B. Evaluation of Plasma TRB3 and Sestrin 2 Levels in Obese and Normal-Weight Children. Child Obes 2017. [PMID: 28639842 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. TRB3 (Tribbles homolog 3) and sestrin 2 are two newly found proteins that have been identified to play an important role in obesity and its complications. AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of TRB3 and sestrin 2 in plasma of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and their association with metabolic and anthropometric parameters. METHODS Plasma levels of TRB3, sestrin 2, insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profile were evaluated in 70 children and adolescents (34 obese and 36 controls). Insulin resistance was calculated using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to IDF criteria. RESULTS Plasma TRB3 levels of the obese subjects were significantly higher than that of normal weight subjects. TRB3 levels were positively correlated with BMI, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and FPG. The concentration of sestrin 2 was significantly lower in obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of sestrin 2 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Neither TRB3 nor sestrin 2 were correlated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Both TRB3 and sestrin 2 may contribute to the development of obesity and its complications and can be considered interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Nourbakhsh
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Javad
- 2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapor University of Medical Sciences , Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy Azar
- 2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,5 H. Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- 6 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye J, Wang M, Xu Y, Liu J, Jiang H, Wang Z, Lin Y, Wan J. Sestrins increase in patients with coronary artery disease and associate with the severity of coronary stenosis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 472:51-57. [PMID: 28732653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sestrins (Sesns) family, which including three members Sesn1, Sesn2 and Sesn3, is known as stress-inducible proteins and participate in multiple diseases via regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the plasma levels and the clinical significance of Sesns in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS In the case-control study, 119 CAD patients, including stable angina pectoris (SAP, n=44), unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n=41) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n=29) were included. Patients with chest pain syndrome but excluded CAD (n=35) were enrolled as control. Plasma levels of Sesn1, Sesn2, Sesn3, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in all patients were measured and analyzed. RESULTS Compared with control group, plasma levels of Sesn1, Sesn2 and Sesn3 were significantly increased in patients with SAP, UAP and AMI. In addition, a significant lower SOD levels and higher MDA levels were observed in CAD patients, Sesn1/2/3 levels were negatively correlated with SOD levels and positively correlated with MDA levels. Gensini Score were positively correlated with Sesn1/2/3 levels and MDA levels, whereas negatively correlated with SOD levels. Furthermore, as the main risk factors for CAD, the elderly and obesity increased plasma Sesn2 levels, diabetes increased both plasma Sesn2 and Sesn3 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study was the first to report that the plasma Sesns levels were increased in CAD patients and positively related to the severity of coronary heart disease. Although the exact mechanisms of Sesns in CAD are still unknown, alleviated oxidative stress may be the possible reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yingzhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang K, Xu C, Zhang Y, He S, Li D. Sestrin2 Suppresses Classically Activated Macrophages-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Myocardial Infarction through Inhibition of mTORC1 Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:728. [PMID: 28713369 PMCID: PMC5491632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers an intense inflammatory response that is essential for dead tissue clearance but also detrimental to cardiac repair. Macrophages are active and critical players in the inflammatory response after MI. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which macrophage-mediated inflammatory response is regulated is important for designing new therapeutic interventions for MI. In the current study, we examined the role of Sestrin2, which is a stress-inducible protein that regulate metabolic homeostasis, in the regulation of inflammatory response of cardiac macrophages after MI. We found that cardiac macrophages upregulated Sestrin2 expression in a mouse MI model. Using a lentiviral transduction system to overexpress Sestrin2 in polarized M1 and M2 macrophages, we revealed that Sestrin2 predominantly functioned on M1 rather than M2 macrophages. Sestrin2 overexpression suppressed inflammatory response of M1 macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in the mouse MI model with selective depletion of endogenous macrophages and adoptive transfer of exogenous Sestrin2-overexpressing macrophages, the anti-inflammatory and repair-promoting effect of Sestrin2-overexpressing macrophages was demonstrated. Furthermore, Sestrin2 significantly inhibited mTORC1 signaling in M1 macrophages. Taken together, our study indicates the importance of Sestrin2 for suppression of M1 macrophage-mediated cardiac inflammation after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chenhong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shaolin He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sestrin2 as a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Various Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3296294. [PMID: 28690762 PMCID: PMC5485329 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3296294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly conserved stress-inducible metabolic protein, is known to repress reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provide cytoprotection against various noxious stimuli including genotoxic and oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and hypoxia. Studies demonstrate that the upregulation of Sestrin2 under conditions of oxidative stress augments autophagy-directed degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which targets and breaks down nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of various antioxidant genes. Moreover, ER stress and hypoxia are shown to induce Sestrins, which ultimately reduce cellular ROS levels. Sestrin2 also plays a pivotal role in metabolic regulation through activation of the key energy sensor AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Other downstream effects of Sestrins include autophagy activation, antiapoptotic effects in normal cells, and proapoptotic effects in cancer cells. As perturbations in the aforementioned pathways are well documented in multiple diseases, Sestrin2 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the upstream regulators and the downstream effectors of Sestrins and to highlight the significance of Sestrin2 as a biomarker and a therapeutic target in diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hwang HJ, Jung TW, Choi JH, Lee HJ, Chung HS, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Choi KM, Choi DS, Baik SH, Yoo HJ. Knockdown of sestrin2 increases pro-inflammatory reactions and ER stress in the endothelium via an AMPK dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1436-1444. [PMID: 28215577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Sestrin2 (sesn2) has recently gained attention as an important regulator for various metabolic disorders. Sesn2 is involved in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which leads to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative responses. However, the role of sesn2 in the endothelium has not yet been clarified. METHODS To evaluate sesn2-mediated anti-atherosclerotic effects, siRNA to silence sesn2 expression was introduced to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), THP-1 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administrated to sesn2-knockdown cells and mice to induce atherosclerotic signals. RESULTS Knockdown of sesn2 was involved with atherosclerotic reactions caused by LPS treatment through decrease of AMPK phosphorylation. In sesn2-knockdown HUVECs and THP-1 cells, LPS-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were both significantly increased. In HUVECs, expression of adhesion molecules and LPS-stimulated adhesion of THP-1 cells to the endothelium were significantly increased after sesn2-knockdown. Furthermore, LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cell toxicity were all significantly elevated after sesn2-knockdown in HUVECs. Interestingly, all these pro-atherosclerotic effects were fully abrogated by treatment with an AMPK activator. In aortic tissue samples from C57BL/6 mice, sesn2-knockdown using siRNA oligomers resulted in reduced AMPK phosphorylation and induction of LPS-mediated NF-κB phosphorylation, leading to up-regulation of adhesion molecules and ER stress-related signaling. CONCLUSION Knockdown of sesn2 aggravates atherosclerotic processes by increasing pro-inflammatory reactions and ER stress in the endothelium via an AMPK-dependent mechanism, suggesting that sesn2 might be a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Jin Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seop Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liang Y, Zhu J, Huang H, Xiang D, Li Y, Zhang D, Li J, Wang Y, Jin H, Jiang G, Liu Z, Huang C. SESN2/sestrin 2 induction-mediated autophagy and inhibitory effect of isorhapontigenin (ISO) on human bladder cancers. Autophagy 2016; 12:1229-39. [PMID: 27171279 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1179403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhapontigenin (ISO) is a new derivative of stilbene isolated from the Chinese herb Gnetum cleistostachyum. Our recent studies have revealed that ISO treatment at doses ranging from 20 to 80 μM triggers apoptosis in multiple human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we evaluated the potential effect of ISO on autophagy induction. We found that ISO treatment at sublethal doses induced autophagy effectively in human bladder cancer cells, which contributed to the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells. In addition, our studies revealed that ISO-mediated autophagy induction occurred in a SESN2 (sestrin 2)-dependent and BECN1 (Beclin 1, autophagy related)-independent manner. Furthermore, we identified that ISO treatment induced SESN2 expression via a MAPK8/JNK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8)/JUN-dependent mechanism, in which ISO triggered MAPK8-dependent JUN activation and facilitated the binding of JUN to a consensus AP-1 binding site in the SESN2 promoter region, thereby led to a significant transcriptional induction of SESN2. Importantly, we found that SESN2 expression was dramatically downregulated or even lost in human bladder cancer tissues as compared to their paired adjacent normal tissues. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ISO treatment induces autophagy and inhibits bladder cancer growth through MAPK8-JUN-dependent transcriptional induction of SESN2, which provides a novel mechanistic insight into understanding the inhibitory effect of ISO on bladder cancers and suggests that ISO might act as a promising preventive and/or therapeutic drug against human bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Liang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA.,c Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Daimin Xiang
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Yang Li
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Yulei Wang
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- b Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY USA
| |
Collapse
|