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Ha NNY, Huynh TKT, Phan NUP, Nguyen TH, Vong LB, Trinh NT. Synergistic effect of metformin and vitamin D 3 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells under high d-glucose conditions. Regen Ther 2024; 25:147-156. [PMID: 38486821 PMCID: PMC10937201 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in bone health, with low levels of vitamin D3 being related to skeletal fragility, fractures, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Metformin is known as an antihyperglycemic agent for regulating blood sugar. A correlation between diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis is attracting considerable interest, and research to find the prevention and treatment is gradually being studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of metformin and vitamin D3 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) under high d-glucose concentrations and optimized by combining vitamin D3 and metformin in the process. Methods ROS production of AT-MSCs under high d-glucose conditions was measured by DCFH-DA assay. The differentiated AT-MSCs were analyzed by Alizarin Red S staining and optical density measurement. The investigation involved the examination of osteogenic master genes' expressions using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. Results Interestingly, the results have shown that human AT-MSCs will exhibit high ROS accumulation and low osteogenic differentiation capabilities, indicated by low calcium deposition, as well as low expression of indicative genes such as ALP, Runx-2 under high d-glucose conditions. The combination of vitamin D3 and metformin remarkedly accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of AT-MSCs under high d-glucose concentrations more effectively than the administration of either agent. Conclusions This study partially explains an aspect of an in vitro model for pre-clinical drug screening for osteoporosis-related diabetic pathological mechanisms, which can be applied for further research on the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi Nguyen-Yen Ha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCMC), 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Kim Tan Huynh
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCMC), 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
| | | | - Thi-Hiep Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCMC), 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - Long Binh Vong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCMC), 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - Nhu-Thuy Trinh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCMC), 700000 HCMC, Viet Nam
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2
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Binet R, Lambert JP, Tomkova M, Tischfield S, Baggiolini A, Picaud S, Sarkar S, Louphrasitthiphol P, Dias D, Carreira S, Humphrey TC, Fillipakopoulos P, White R, Goding CR. DNA damage remodels the MITF interactome to increase melanoma genomic instability. Genes Dev 2024; 38:70-94. [PMID: 38316520 PMCID: PMC10903946 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350740.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Since genome instability can drive cancer initiation and progression, cells have evolved highly effective and ubiquitous DNA damage response (DDR) programs. However, some cells (for example, in skin) are normally exposed to high levels of DNA-damaging agents. Whether such high-risk cells possess lineage-specific mechanisms that tailor DNA repair to the tissue remains largely unknown. Using melanoma as a model, we show here that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF, a lineage addition oncogene that coordinates many aspects of melanocyte and melanoma biology, plays a nontranscriptional role in shaping the DDR. On exposure to DNA-damaging agents, MITF is phosphorylated at S325, and its interactome is dramatically remodeled; most transcription cofactors dissociate, and instead MITF interacts with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex. Consequently, cells with high MITF levels accumulate stalled replication forks and display defects in homologous recombination-mediated repair associated with impaired MRN recruitment to DNA damage. In agreement with this, high MITF levels are associated with increased single-nucleotide and copy number variant burdens in melanoma. Significantly, the SUMOylation-defective MITF-E318K melanoma predisposition mutation recapitulates the effects of DNA-PKcs-phosphorylated MITF. Our data suggest that a nontranscriptional function of a lineage-restricted transcription factor contributes to a tissue-specialized modulation of the DDR that can impact cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Binet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marketa Tomkova
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Samuel Tischfield
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Dias
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C Humphrey
- Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Fillipakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard White
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom;
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3
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Binet R, Lambert JP, Tomkova M, Tischfield S, Baggiolini A, Picaud S, Sarkar S, Louphrasitthiphol P, Dias D, Carreira S, Humphrey T, Fillipakopoulos P, White R, Goding CR. DNA damage-induced interaction between a lineage addiction oncogenic transcription factor and the MRN complex shapes a tissue-specific DNA Damage Response and cancer predisposition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537819. [PMID: 37131595 PMCID: PMC10153263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Since genome instability can drive cancer initiation and progression, cells have evolved highly effective and ubiquitous DNA Damage Response (DDR) programs. However, some cells, in skin for example, are normally exposed to high levels of DNA damaging agents. Whether such high-risk cells possess lineage-specific mechanisms that tailor DNA repair to the tissue remains largely unknown. Here we show, using melanoma as a model, that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF, a lineage addition oncogene that coordinates many aspects of melanocyte and melanoma biology, plays a non-transcriptional role in shaping the DDR. On exposure to DNA damaging agents, MITF is phosphorylated by ATM/DNA-PKcs, and unexpectedly its interactome is dramatically remodelled; most transcription (co)factors dissociate, and instead MITF interacts with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex. Consequently, cells with high MITF levels accumulate stalled replication forks, and display defects in homologous recombination-mediated repair associated with impaired MRN recruitment to DNA damage. In agreement, high MITF levels are associated with increased SNV burden in melanoma. Significantly, the SUMOylation-defective MITF-E318K melanoma predisposition mutation recapitulates the effects of ATM/DNA-PKcs-phosphorylated MITF. Our data suggest that a non-transcriptional function of a lineage-restricted transcription factor contributes to a tissue-specialised modulation of the DDR that can impact cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Binet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Center and Big Data Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada; Endocrinology – Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Marketa Tomkova
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Samuel Tischfield
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Diogo Dias
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Timothy Humphrey
- CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Fillipakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard White
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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Chen ZY, Zhou RB, Wang RD, Su SL, Zhou F. Dual-crosslinked network of polyacrylamide-carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123788. [PMID: 36822291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we successfully designed a dual-crosslinked network hydrogel by introducing the monomers acrylamide (AM), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), and alendronate (Aln). With the simultaneous presentation of physical and chemical crosslinks, the fabricated hydrogel with 10 % concentration of Aln@ZIF-8 (PAM-CMC-10%Aln@ZIF-8) exhibited excellent mechanical characteristics, high Aln loading efficiency (63.83 %), and a slow release period (6 d). These results demonstrate that PAM-CMC-10%Aln@ZIF-8 is a potential carrier for delaying Aln. In this study, we mainly focused on the biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of PAM-CMC-10%Aln@ZIF-8 in vitro, which is a continuation of our previous work. First, this study investigated the biocompatibility of dual-crosslinked hydrogels using calcein-AM/Propidium Iodide and cell counting kit-8. The morphology of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells was assessed using FITC-phalloidin/DAPI and vinculin immunostaining. Finally, osteogenic induction ability in vitro was assessed via alkaline phosphatase expression and alizarin red S staining, which was also confirmed using real-time PCR at the gene level and immunofluorescence at the protein level. The results indicated that the introduction of Aln enabled a dual-crosslinked hydrogel with superior biocompatibility and outstanding osteogenic differentiation ability in vitro, providing a solid foundation for subsequent animal experiments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Ru-Bing Zhou
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Rui-Deng Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Shi-Long Su
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, China.
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Jiang X, Kong X. Regulation of Wnt Signaling Pathway by Costic Acid Derivative, An Efficient Strategy for Treatment of Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis in Rat Model. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Lianyungang 222000 China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Bone and casualty Department Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Lianyungang 222000 China
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6
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Aghajanpour S, Esfandyari-Manesh M, Ghahri T, Ghahremani MH, Atyabi F, Heydari M, Motasadizadeh H, Dinarvand R. Impact of oxygen-calcium-generating and bone morphogenetic protein-2 nanoparticles on survival and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the 3D bio-printed scaffold. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112581. [PMID: 35617876 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although stem cell therapy is a major area of interest in tissue engineering, providing proper oxygen tension, good viability, and cell differentiation remain challenges in tissue-engineered scaffolds. In this study, an osteogenic scaffold was fabricated using the 3D bio-printing technique. The bio-ink contained alginate hydrogel, encapsulated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CPO NPs) as an oxygen generating biomaterial, and bone morphogenic protein-2 nanoparticles (BMP2 NPs) as an osteoinductive growth factor. CPO NPs were synthesized with the hydrolysis-precipitation method, and their concentrations in the bio-ink were optimized. Scaffolds containing CPO 3% (w/w) were preferred, because they generated sufficient oxygen gas for 20 days, increased mechanical strength after 20 days, and had sufficient stability. The CPO NPs effect on the viability of embedded hBM-MSCs under hypoxic conditions was analyzed. Live/Dead staining results represented a 22% improvement in CPO 3% scaffold viability on day 7. Therefore, CPO NPs constituted a promising survival factor. BMP2 NPs were prepared with the double emulsification technique. The incorporation of both BMP2 and CPO NPs resulted in the upregulation of Runt-related transcription factor 2, Collagen type I alpha 1, and the osteocalcin genes compared to internal references in osteogenic media. Overall, the proposed 3D bio-printed osteogenic scaffold in this study has moved scientific research one step forward toward successful stem cell therapy and helped improve host tissue healing by biological activity enhancement, especially for low oxygen pressure tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Aghajanpour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Esfandyari-Manesh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahmineh Ghahri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Heydari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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A Degradable and Osteogenic Mg-Based MAO-MT-PLGA Drug/Ion Delivery System for Treating an Osteoporotic Fracture. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071481. [PMID: 35890376 PMCID: PMC9320112 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are a very common bone disease that is difficult to completely cure. A large number of people worldwide suffer from pain caused by osteoporotic fractures every year, which can even cause disability and death. The compromised skeletal strength, lower density, trabecular microstructure, and bone-forming ability caused by osteoporotic fractures make them difficult to treat relative to normal fractures. An ideal scheme for osteoporotic fractures is to select internal fixation materials with matched mechanical and biological properties and carry anti-osteoporosis drugs on the plant to achieve bio-fixation and improve the condition of osteoporosis simultaneously. We designed a Mg-based MAO-MT-PLGA drug/ion delivery system (DDS) compatible with bone-like mechanical properties, degradation properties, and drug therapy. In this research, we evaluated the degradation behavior of Mg-based MAO-MT-PLGA DDS using immersion tests and electrochemical tests aided by SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, and FT-IR. The DDS showed better corrosion resistance over Mg alloy and could release more Mg2+ due to the degradation of PLGA. According to cell viability and cell adhesion, the DDS showed better osteogenic characteristics over control group I (Mg alloy) and control group II (Mg-based MAO alloy), especially in the cells co-cultured with the leaching solution for 72 h, in which the DDS group increased to about 15% cell viability compared with group I (p < 0.05). The mRNA relative expressions, including ALP, collagen I, OCN, OPG, and Runx-2, as well as extracellular matrix calcium deposits of the DDS, are 1.5~2 times over control group I and control group II (p < 0.05), demonstrating a better ability to promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption. After the DDS was implanted into the castrated rat model for one month, the trabeculae in the treatment group were significantly denser and stronger than those in the control group, with a difference of about 1.5 times in bone volume fraction, bone density, and the number of trabeculae, as well as the magnesium content in the bone tissue (p < 0.05). The above results demonstrated that the Mg-based MAO-MT-PLGA drug/ion delivery system is a potential treatment for osteoporotic fractures.
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MiRNA-320a-5p contributes to the homeostasis of osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. Regen Ther 2022; 20:32-40. [PMID: 35402661 PMCID: PMC8968203 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A number of miRNAs and their targets were dragged in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We aimed to elaborate the underlying molecular mechanisms of miRNA-320a in the osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Methods Trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TIONFH) and normal control samples (n = 10 for each group) were collected, followed by miRNA chip analysis to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological development of TIONFH. Lentiviral vector was used for overexpression and inhibition of miRNA-320a in vitro. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining were employed to determine the expression of interested genes at mRNA or protein level. Luciferase report assay was employed to determine the binding of miRNA-320a and RUNX2. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining were performed to observe the osteogenesis and Oil red O staining were conducted to visualize the adipogenesis. Results Expression of miRNA-320a was up-regulated while RUNX2 expression was down-regulated in TIONFH than Normal control. Luciferase report assay confirmed that miRNA-320a directly targeted to the 3′UTR of RUNX2. miRNA-320a overexpression significantly declined the expressions of osteogenesis-related markers: RUNX2, OSTERIX, Collagen I, Osteocalcin and Osteopontin. ALP and Alizarin red staining confirmed the inhibition function of miRNA-320a in osteogenesis of BMSCs. miRNA-320a inhibition significantly decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related markers: AP2, C/EBPα, FABP4 and PPARγ. Oil Red O staining confirmed the miRNA-320a inhibition reduced adipogenesis of BMSCs. Conclusions miRNA-320a inhibits osteoblast differentiation via targeting RUNX2 and promotes adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs.
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Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) causes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on maintenance dialysis treatment. Although many mechanisms have been proposed, their detailed effects remain incompletely understood. In this issue of the JCI, Li et al. examined the molecular mechanism of the protective role of SIRT6 in VC in patients with CKD. Using in vitro and animal models of CKD, the authors demonstrated that SIRT6 prevents VC by suppressing the osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Mechanistically, SIRT6 bound and deacetylated the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a key transcription factor for osteogenic differentiation, promoting its nuclear export for proteasome degradation. These studies provide a pathway in the pathogenesis of VC and justify investigating SIRT6 as a potential target in CKD.
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Xie B, Zeng Z, Liao S, Zhou C, Wu L, Xu D. Kaempferol Ameliorates the Inhibitory Activity of Dexamethasone in the Osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 Cells by JNK and p38-MAPK Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739326. [PMID: 34675808 PMCID: PMC8524096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol has been reported to exhibit beneficial effect on the osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and osteoblasts. In our previous study, dexamethasone (DEX) demonstrated inhibitory effect on MC3T3-E1 cells differentiation. In this study, we mainly explored the protective effect of kaempferol on the inhibitory activity of DEX in the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that kaempferol ameliorated the proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the mineralization in DEX-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Kaempferol also significantly enhanced the expression of osterix (Osx) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with DEX. In addition, kaempferol attenuated DEX-induced reduction of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expression and elevation of p53 and Bax expression. Kaempferol also activated JNK and p38-MAPK pathways in DEX-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, kaempferol improved bone mineralization in DEX-induced bone damage in a zebrafish larvae model. These data suggested that kaempferol ameliorated the inhibitory activity of DEX in the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells by activating JNK and p38-MAPK signaling pathways. Kaempferol exhibited great potentials in developing new drugs for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhanwei Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shiyi Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Public Service Platform of South China Sea for R&D Marine Biomedicine Resources, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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11
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Harris M, Potgieter J, Ishfaq K, Shahzad M. Developments for Collagen Hydrolysate in Biological, Biochemical, and Biomedical Domains: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2806. [PMID: 34070353 PMCID: PMC8197487 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The collagen hydrolysate, a proteinic biopeptide, is used for various key functionalities in humans and animals. Numerous reviews explained either individually or a few of following aspects: types, processes, properties, and applications. In the recent developments, various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities are achieved in five aspects: process, type, species, disease, receptors. The receptors are rarely addressed in the past which are an essential stimulus to activate various biomedical and biological activities in the metabolic system of humans and animals. Furthermore, a systematic segregation of the recent developments regarding the five main aspects is not yet reported. This review presents various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities achieved for each of the beforementioned five aspects using a systematic approach. The review proposes a novel three-level hierarchy that aims to associate a specific functionality to a particular aspect and its subcategory. The hierarchy also highlights various key research novelties in a categorical manner that will contribute to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
| | - Johan Potgieter
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Kashif Ishfaq
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
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12
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Cobb AM, Yusoff S, Hayward R, Ahmad S, Sun M, Verhulst A, D'Haese PC, Shanahan CM. Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2) Links the DNA Damage Response to Osteogenic Reprogramming and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1339-1357. [PMID: 33356386 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Cobb
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, United Kingdom (A.M.C., S.Y., R.H., S.A., M.S., C.M.S.)
| | - Syabira Yusoff
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, United Kingdom (A.M.C., S.Y., R.H., S.A., M.S., C.M.S.)
| | - Robert Hayward
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, United Kingdom (A.M.C., S.Y., R.H., S.A., M.S., C.M.S.)
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, United Kingdom (A.M.C., S.Y., R.H., S.A., M.S., C.M.S.)
| | - Mengxi Sun
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, United Kingdom (A.M.C., S.Y., R.H., S.A., M.S., C.M.S.)
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (A.V., P.C.D.)
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (A.V., P.C.D.)
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, United Kingdom (A.M.C., S.Y., R.H., S.A., M.S., C.M.S.)
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13
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Cai W, Zhou W, Han Z, Lei J, Zhuang J, Zhu P, Wu X, Yuan W. Master regulator genes and their impact on major diseases. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9952. [PMID: 33083114 PMCID: PMC7546222 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Master regulator genes (MRGs) have become a hot topic in recent decades. They not only affect the development of tissue and organ systems but also play a role in other signal pathways by regulating additional MRGs. Because a MRG can regulate the concurrent expression of several genes, its mutation often leads to major diseases. Moreover, the occurrence of many tumors and cardiovascular and nervous system diseases are closely related to MRG changes. With the development in omics technology, an increasing amount of investigations will be directed toward MRGs because their regulation involves all aspects of an organism’s development. This review focuses on the definition and classification of MRGs as well as their influence on disease regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Cai
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanbang Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Han
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junrong Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Shams M, Karimi M, Heydari M, Salimi A. Nanocomposite scaffolds composed of Apacite (apatite-calcite) nanostructures, poly (ε-caprolactone) and poly (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate): The effect of nanostructures on physico-mechanical properties and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111271. [PMID: 32919635 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated from poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), Poly (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA), and Apacite (Apatite-calcite) nanostructures (15 and 25 wt%). The nanoscale structure, physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties, hydrophilic behavior, degradability and osteogenic properties of the fabricated scaffolds were evaluated. The results showed that the mechanical strength, degradation, wetting ability, and mechanical strength of PCL-PHEMA scaffolds significantly increases upon inclusion of Apacite nanoparticles up to 25 wt%. Accordingly, the best mechanical values (E ~ 7.109 MPa and σ ~ 0.414 MPa) and highest degradability (32% within 96 h) were recorded for PCL-PHEMA scaffolds containing 25 wt% of Apacite. Furthermore, highest porosity and roughness were observed in the PCL-PHEMA/25% Apacite as a result of the Apacite nanoparticles inclusion. There was no cytotoxicity recorded for the fabricated scaffolds based on the results obtained from MTT assay and acridine orange staining. Alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content quantification, Van Kossa staining, FESEM and real time PCR tests confirmed the biomineralization, and the differentiation potential of the nanocomposite scaffolds. Overall, the 3D structure, optimum porosity and balanced dissolution rate of PCL-PHEMA/25% Apacite providing a balanced microenvironment resulted in improved cell adhesion, cell behavior, and replication, as well as osteogenic induction of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shams
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Heydari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Cao Z, Geng X, Jiang X, Gao X, Liu K, Li Y. Melatonin Attenuates AlCl 3-Induced Apoptosis and Osteoblastic Differentiation Suppression by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:214-222. [PMID: 31502178 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) inhibits osteoblast-mediated bone formation by oxidative stress, resulting in Al-induced bone disease. Melatonin (MT) has received extensive attention due to its antioxidant and maintenance of bone health effect. To evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of MT on AlCl3-induced osteoblast dysfunction, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with MT (100 μM) and/or AlCl3 (8 μM). First, MT alleviated AlCl3-induced osteoblast dysfunction, presenting as the reduced apoptosis rate as well as increased cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and type I collagen (COL-1) level. Then, MT significantly attenuated AlCl3-induced oxidative stress, presenting as the reduced reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels as well as increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity. Finally, MT protected MC3T3-E1 cells against p53-dependent apoptosis and differentiation suppression, as assessed by Caspase-3 activity, protein levels of p53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B cell lymphoma gene 2 (Bcl-2), cytosolic Cytochrome c, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Osterix, as well as the mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Runx2, Osterix, ALP, and COL-1. Overall, our findings demonstrate MT attenuates AlCl3-induced apoptosis and osteoblastic differentiation suppression by inhibiting oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, NO. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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16
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Imran Ahamad M, Prakash R, John AA, Wani Z, Yadav D, Bawankule DU, Luqman S, Khan F, Singh D, Gupta A. Induced osteoblast differentiation by amide derivatives of stilbene: The possible osteogenic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127138. [PMID: 32247734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of amide derivatives of stilbene was synthesized and investigated for osteogenic activity. Out of sixteen, seven compounds viz19c, 19g, 19i, 24b, 25a, 25c and 26a showed significant osteoblast differentiation within 1 pM-1 µM concentrations. Amongst all, 26a was identified as most active molecule which presented effective mineralization of osteoblasts and expression of mRNA of osteogenic marker gene such as BMP-2, ALP, and Runx-2 at 1 pM. In estrogen-deficient balb/c mice, 26a showed significant osteogenic activity at 5 mg-kg-1 body weight dose. The protein expression study for estrogen receptors α and β (ER-α & ER-β) using mouse calvarial osteoblasts (MCOs) and molecular docking analyses showed preferential expression of ER-β by 26a indicating the possibility of ER-β mediated osteogenic activity of 26a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran Ahamad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Aijaz A John
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Zahoor Wani
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Deepika Yadav
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226 031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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17
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Chiesa I, De Maria C, Lapomarda A, Fortunato GM, Montemurro F, Di Gesù R, Tuan RS, Vozzi G, Gottardi R. Endothelial cells support osteogenesis in an in vitro vascularized bone model developed by 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025013. [PMID: 31929117 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab6a1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, in which vascularization and mineralization are concurrent processes during skeletal development. Indeed, both components should be included in any reliable and adherent in vitro model platform for the study of bone physiology and pathogenesis of skeletal disorders. To this end, we developed an in vitro vascularized bone model, using a gelatin-nanohydroxyapatite (gel-nHA) three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffold. First, we seeded human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the scaffold, which underwent osteogenic differentiation for 2 weeks. Then, we included lentiviral-GFP transfected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) within the 3D bioprinted scaffold macropores to form a capillary-like network during 2 more weeks of culture. We tested three experimental conditions: condition 1, bone constructs with HUVECs cultured in 1:1 osteogenic medium (OM): endothelial medium (EM); condition 2, bone constructs without HUVECs cultured in 1:1 OM:EM; condition 3: bone construct with HUVECs cultured in 1:1 growth medium:EM. All samples resulted in engineered bone matrix. In conditions 1 and 3, HUVECs formed tubular structures within the bone constructs, with the assembly of a complex capillary-like network visible by fluorescence microscopy in the live tissue and histology. CD31 immunostaining confirmed significant vascular lumen formation. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify osteogenic differentiation and endothelial response. Alkaline phosphatase and runt-related transcription factor 2 upregulation confirmed early osteogenic commitment of hMSCs. Even when OM was removed under condition 3, we observed clear osteogenesis, which was notably accompanied by upregulation of osteopontin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen type I. These findings indicate that we have successfully realized a bone model with robust vascularization in just 4 weeks of culture and we highlighted how the inclusion of endothelial cells more realistically supports osteogenesis. The approach reported here resulted in a biologically inspired in vitro model of bone vascularization, simulating de novo morphogenesis of capillary vessels occurring during tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chiesa
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America. Dept. of Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Lerman MJ, Smith BT, Gerald AG, Santoro M, Fookes JA, Mikos AG, Fisher JP. Aminated 3D Printed Polystyrene Maintains Stem Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:118-131. [PMID: 31971874 PMCID: PMC7041340 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As 3D printing becomes more common and the technique is used to build culture platforms, it is imperative to develop surface treatments for specific responses. The advantages of aminating and oxidizing polystyrene (PS) for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation are investigated. We find that ammonia (NH3) plasma incorporates amines while oxygen plasma adds carbonyl and carboxylate groups. Across 2D, 3D, and 3D dynamic culture, we find that the NH3- treated surfaces encouraged cell proliferation. Our results show that the NH3-treated scaffold was the only treatment allowing dynamic proliferation of hMSCs with little evidence of osteogenic differentiation. With osteogenic media, particularly in 3D culture, we find the NH3 treatment encouraged greater and earlier expression of RUNX2 and ALP. The NH3-treated PS scaffolds support hMSC proliferation without spontaneous osteogenic differentiation in static and dynamic culture. This work provides an opportunity for further investigations into shear profiling and coculture within the developed culture system toward developing a bone marrow niche model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Lerman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Brandon T. Smith
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Department of Bioengineering, MS-142 BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Anushka G. Gerald
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Marco Santoro
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - James A. Fookes
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Department of Bioengineering, MS-142 BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - John P. Fisher
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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19
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Zhao J, Wu J, Xu B, Yuan Z, Leng Y, Min J, Lan X, Luo J. Kaempferol promotes bone formation in part via the mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5197-5207. [PMID: 31638215 PMCID: PMC6854588 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that kaempferol (Kae) promotes osteogenesis, but its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study hypothesized that the osteogenic effects of Kae were mediated through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). To validate this hypothesis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from ovariectomized (OVX) rats were differentiated into osteoblasts. The bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture of the OVX rats was measured in vivo, while osteogenesis was evaluated in vitro via Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase activity measurements in cultured BMSCs. The levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E‑binding protein 1 (p‑4E/BP1) and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (p‑S6K), and the expression of Runt‑related transcription factor 2 and Osterix, were concurrently quantified by western blot analysis. The data suggested that Kae prevented OVX‑induced osteoporosis in rats by promoting osteoblastogenesis. Furthermore, treatment with Kae in rat BMSCs enhanced mineralization, elevated ALP activity, increased the expression levels of Runx‑2 and Osterix and increased the levels of p‑S6K and decreased the levels of p‑4E/BP1 and, consistent with its ability to promote osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, produced the opposite phenotype. Taken together, these data suggested that the protective effects of Kae in BMSCs and in the OVX rat model resulted from the induction of osteogenesis via mTOR signaling, or at least partially via the regulation of downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Binwu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Regeneration and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute on Bone and Nerve of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Leng
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Min
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Regeneration and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute on Bone and Nerve of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
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20
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Alegre F, Ormonde AR, Godinez DR, Illendula A, Bushweller JH, Wittenburg LA. The interaction between RUNX2 and core binding factor beta as a potential therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:52-63. [PMID: 31381810 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains the most common primary bone tumour in dogs with half of affected dogs unable to survive 1 year beyond diagnosis. New therapeutic options are needed to improve outcomes for this disease. Recent investigations into potential therapeutic targets have focused on cell surface molecules with little clear therapeutic benefit. Transcription factors and protein interactions represent underdeveloped areas of therapeutic drug development. We have utilized allosteric inhibitors of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, comprised of core binding factor beta (CBFβ) and RUNX2, in four canine osteosarcoma cell lines Active inhibitor compounds demonstrate anti-tumour activities with concentrations demonstrated to be achievable in vivo while an inactive, structural analogue has no activity. We show that CBFβ inhibitors are capable of inducing apoptosis, inhibiting clonogenic cell growth, altering cell cycle progression and impeding migration and invasion in a cell line-dependent manner. These effects coincide with a reduced interaction between RUNX2 and CBFβ and alterations in expression of RUNX2 target genes. We also show that addition of CBFβ inhibitors to the commonly used cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and carboplatin leads to additive and/or synergistic anti-proliferative effects in canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Taken together, we have identified the interaction between components of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, RUNX2 and CBFβ, as a potential novel therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma and provide justification for further investigations into the anti-tumour activities we describe here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alegre
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Amanda R Ormonde
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Dayn R Godinez
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Luke A Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates mechanical stress-induced ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:2249-2256. [PMID: 31325051 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is not completely clear. Previous study has confirmed a single-pass type I endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein kinase (PERK), which is a major transducer of the ER stress, participates in the process of OPLL in vitro. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of ER stress in mechanical stress (MS)-induced OPLL. METHODS The posterior longitudinal ligaments were collected intraoperatively. The expression of ER stress markers in ligament tissue samples was compared between OPLL and non-OPLL patients in vivo. Ligament fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. Loaded by MS, the expression of ER stress markers in fibroblasts deriving from non-ossified areas of the ligament tissues from OPLL patients was detected. The influence of inhibition of ER stress on MS-induced OPLL and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways by MS was also investigated. RESULTS We confirmed the ER stress markers were highly expressed in non-ossified areas of the ligament tissues from OPLL patients but could barely be detected in the ligaments from non-OPLL patients in vivo. We also found ER stress could be activated by MS during the process of OPLL in vitro. Moreover, inhibition of ER stress could hinder MS-induced OPLL and activation of MAPK signaling pathways by MS in vitro. CONCLUSION Activated ER stress was observed in OPLL patients both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanical stress could activate ER stress response in posterior longitudinal ligament fibroblasts and further promote OPLL in vitro. In this process, ER stress might work through the MAPK signaling pathways. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Human osteogenic differentiation in Space: proteomic and epigenetic clues to better understand osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8343. [PMID: 31171801 PMCID: PMC6554341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the frame of the VITA mission of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), we addressed the problem of Space osteoporosis by using human blood-derived stem cells (BDSCs) as a suitable osteogenic differentiation model. In particular, we investigated proteomic and epigenetic changes in BDSCs during osteoblastic differentiation induced by rapamycin under microgravity conditions. A decrease in the expression of 4 embryonic markers (Sox2, Oct3/4, Nanog and E-cadherin) was found to occur to a larger extent on board the ISS than on Earth, along with an earlier activation of the differentiation process towards the osteogenic lineage. The changes in the expression of 4 transcription factors (Otx2, Snail, GATA4 and Sox17) engaged in osteogenesis supported these findings. We then ascertained whether osteogenic differentiation of BDSCs could depend on epigenetic regulation, and interrogated changes of histone H3 that is crucial in this type of gene control. Indeed, we found that H3K4me3, H3K27me2/3, H3K79me2/3 and H3K9me2/3 residues are engaged in cellular reprogramming that drives gene expression. Overall, we suggest that rapamycin induces transcriptional activation of BDSCs towards osteogenic differentiation, through increased GATA4 and Sox17 that modulate downstream transcription factors (like Runx2), critical for bone formation. Additional studies are warranted to ascertain the possible exploitation of these data to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat osteoporosis, not only in Space but also on Earth.
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Yan Y, Huang H. Interplay Among PI3K/AKT, PTEN/FOXO and AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:319-331. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Radiographic and Histological Evaluation of the Healing of Extraction Sockets Filled With Bovine-Derived Xenograft: An Experimental Study in Rats. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 26:400-404. [PMID: 28301383 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the microenvironment changes in the sockets substituted with bovine-derived xenografts during the early healing period. MATERIALS AND METHODS After extraction of the right maxillary incisor of Sprague Dawley rats, 48 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The extraction sockets of the test group were filled with Bio-Oss, whereas the control group was allowed to heal without intervention. The bone quality of the extraction sockets was observed through micro-CT and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Micro-CT scanning showed that the bone mineral density in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group during the early healing period, whereas immunohistochemistry showed that the bone formation-related factors were significantly different between the test and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The bovine-derived xenografts may interfere with the healing process of the extraction socket in the early healing stage. Bone formation of the extraction socket was delayed after grafting with bone substitute.
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25
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Meng X, Zhu Y, Tao L, Zhao S, Qiu S. Periostin has a protective role in melatonin‑induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the eIF2α‑ATF4 pathway in human osteoblasts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1003-1012. [PMID: 29207036 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of periostin (POSTN) and high melatonin concentrations in the apoptosis of hFOB 1.19 human normal fetal osteoblastic cells. hFOB 1.19 human osteoblastic cells were stably cultured and treated in different concentrations of melatonin for different durations of action. Apoptosis was assessed quantitatively using flow cytometric analysis. The results of western blot analysis demonstrated that the treatment of cells with different concentrations of melatonin for different durations of action revealed a positive association between melatonin and the expression levels of glucose‑regulated protein (GRP)78, GRP94, phosphorylated (p‑) eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor (ATF)4, CCAAT/enhanced binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved caspase‑3, p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and POSTN. When POSTN was inhibited, the levels of p‑JNK, CHOP, p‑eIF2α, ATF4 and cleaved caspase‑3 were significantly increased, whereas other proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathways, including ATF6 and X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP1), were not significantly altered. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was also performed to assess the relative mRNA levels of ATF4, ATF6 and XBP1. The results of the present study are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate that melatonin induced apoptosis in hFOB 1.19 human osteoblastic cells by activating the ERS‑associated eIF2α‑ATF4 pathway and subsequently triggered the cascade effects of CHOP, caspase‑3 and JNK. POSTN may function as a protective factor for osteoblasts during this process by inhibiting the eIF2α‑ATF4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Sichao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shui Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Wang S, Noda K, Yang Y, Shen Z, Chen Z, Ogata Y. Calcium hydroxide regulates transcription of the bone sialoprotein gene via a calcium-sensing receptor in osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 126:13-23. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Stomatology College of Tianjn Medical University; Tianjn China
| | - Keisuke Noda
- Department of Periodontology; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Stomatology College of Tianjn Medical University; Tianjn China
| | - Zhengyan Shen
- Stomatology College of Tianjn Medical University; Tianjn China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Stomatology College of Tianjn Medical University; Tianjn China
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
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27
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Zhan XQ, Zeng XW, Zhang YY, Feng Q, Zhao FM, Jiang ZQ, Sun C. Puerarin promotes the viability and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by miR-204-regulated Runx2 upregulation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6262-6268. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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28
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Lee M, Arikawa K, Nagahama F. Micromolar Levels of Sodium Fluoride Promote Osteoblast Differentiation Through Runx2 Signaling. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:283-291. [PMID: 28083749 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a vital physiological process of healthy bone tissue in humans. Imbalances in this vital process lead to pathological conditions, including periodontal diseases. In this study, we characterized the effects of micromolar levels of NaF on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. NaF significantly enhanced the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of mRNAs encoding runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin was up-regulated in NaF-treated MC3T3-E1 cells compared with untreated controls. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Runx2 and Osterix were inhibited by Runx2 siRNA but were re-activated by treatment with NaF. Furthermore, in vivo evidence indicated that NaF protects against Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a P. gingivalis-challenged experimental periodontitis animal model. These data suggest that NaF promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the Runx2/Osterix pathway and may be effective for the treatment of bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Lee
- Department of Renascent Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Kazumune Arikawa
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
| | - Fumio Nagahama
- Department of Renascent Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
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29
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Dernowsek JA, Pereira MC, Fornari TA, Macedo C, Assis AF, Donate PB, Bombonato-Prado KF, Passos-Bueno MR, Passos GA. Posttranscriptional Interaction Between miR-450a-5p and miR-28-5p and STAT1 mRNA Triggers Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4045-4062. [PMID: 28407302 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the interaction between miR-450a-5p and miR-28-5p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mRNA correlates with the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (shed cells). STAT1 negatively regulates runx-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which is an essential transcription factor in this process. However, the elements that trigger osteoblastic differentiation and therefore pause the inhibitory effect of STAT1 need investigation. Usually, STAT1 can be posttranscriptionally regulated by miRNAs. To test this, we used an in vitro model system in which shed cells were chemically induced toward osteoblastic differentiation and temporally analyzed, comparing undifferentiated cells with their counterparts in the early (2 days) or late (7 or 21 days) periods of induction. The definition of the entire functional genome expression signature demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of a large set of mRNAs and miRNAs changes during this process. Interestingly, STAT1 and RUNX2 mRNAs feature contrasting expression levels during the course of differentiation. While undifferentiated or early differentiating cells express high levels of STAT1 mRNA, which was gradually downregulated, RUNX2 mRNA was upregulated toward differentiation. The reconstruction of miRNA-mRNA interaction networks allowed the identification of six miRNAs (miR-17-3p, miR-28-5p, miR-29b, miR-29c-5p, miR-145-3p, and miR-450a-5p), and we predicted their respective targets, from which we focused on miR-450a-5p and miR-28-5p STAT1 mRNA interactions, whose intracellular occurrence was validated through the luciferase assay. Transfections of undifferentiated shed cells with miR-450a-5p or miR-28-5p mimics or with miR-450a-5p or miR-28-5p antagonists demonstrated that these miRNAs might play a role as posttranscriptional controllers of STAT1 mRNA during osteoblastic differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4045-4062, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína A Dernowsek
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena C Pereira
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís A Fornari
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Macedo
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Assis
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula B Donate
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina F Bombonato-Prado
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Abstract
Runx genes have been identified in all metazoans and considerable conservation of function observed across a wide range of phyla. Thus, insight gained from studying simple model organisms is invaluable in understanding RUNX biology in higher animals. Consequently, this chapter will focus on the Runx genes in the diploblasts, which includes sea anemones and sponges, as well as the lower triploblasts, including the sea urchin, nematode, planaria and insect. Due to the high degree of functional redundancy amongst vertebrate Runx genes, simpler model organisms with a solo Runx gene, like C. elegans, are invaluable systems in which to probe the molecular basis of RUNX function within a whole organism. Additionally, comparative analyses of Runx sequence and function allows for the development of novel evolutionary insights. Strikingly, recent data has emerged that reveals the presence of a Runx gene in a protist, demonstrating even more widespread occurrence of Runx genes than was previously thought. This review will summarize recent progress in using invertebrate organisms to investigate RUNX function during development and regeneration, highlighting emerging unifying themes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hughes
- Faculteit Techniek, Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, Laan van Scheut 2, 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Woollard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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31
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Yoo SH, Kim JG, Kim BS, Lee J, Pi SH, Lim HD, Shin HI, Cho ES, You HK. BST2 Mediates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP2 Signaling Pathway in Human Alveolar-Derived Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158481. [PMID: 27359105 PMCID: PMC4928849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells into osteoblasts remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) influences differentiation toward the osteoblasts lineage. BST2 mRNA expression in human alveolar-derived bone marrow stromal cells (hAD-BMSCs) increased during differentiation into osteoblasts. hAD-BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and the mRNA expression of the bone-specific markers alkaline phosphatase, collagen type α 1, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osterix were reduced by BST2 knockdown using siRNA. Furthermore, BST2 knockdown in hAD-BMSCs resulted in decreased RUNX2 mRNA and protein expression. We hypothesized that BST2 is involved in differentiation of into osteoblasts via the BMP2 signaling pathway. Accordingly, we evaluated the mRNA expression levels of BMP2, BMP receptors (BMPR1 and 2), and the downstream signaling molecules SMAD1, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/8 in BST2 knockdown cells. BMP2 expression following the induction of differentiation was significantly lower in BST2 knockdown cells than in cells treated with a non-targeting control siRNA. Similar results were found for the knockdown of the BMP2 receptor- BMPR1A. We also identified significantly lower expression of SMAD1, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/8 in the BST2 knockdown cells than control cells. Our data provide the first evidence that BST2 is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells via the regulation of the BMP2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyang Yoo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Faculty of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Goo Kim
- Faculty of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Beom-Su Kim
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
- Bone Cell Biotech Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Pi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dae Lim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun You
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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Zheng L, Tu Q, Meng S, Zhang L, Yu L, Song J, Hu Y, Sui L, Zhang J, Dard M, Cheng J, Murray D, Tang Y, Lian JB, Stein GS, Chen J. Runx2/DICER/miRNA Pathway in Regulating Osteogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:182-91. [PMID: 27064596 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DICER is the central enzyme that cleaves precursor microRNAs (miRNAs) into 21-25 nucleotide duplex in cell lineage differentiation, identity, and survival. In the current study, we characterized the specific bone metabolism genes and corresponding miRNAs and found that DICER and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expressions increased simultaneously during osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase assay showed that Runx2 significantly increased the expression levels of DICER luciferase promoter reporter. Our analysis also revealed weaker DICER expression in embryos of Runx2 knock out mice (Runx2 -/-) compared with that of Runx2 +/- and Runx2 +/+ mice. We further established the calvarial bone critical-size defect (CSD) mouse model. The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transfected with siRNA targeting DICER were combined with silk scaffolds and transplanted into calvarial bone CSDs. Five weeks post-surgery, micro-CT analysis revealed impaired bone formation, and repairing in calvarial defects with the siRNA targeting DICER group. In conclusion, our results suggest that DICER is specifically regulated by osteogenic master gene Runx2 that binds to the DICER promoter. Consequently, DICER cleaves precursors of miR-335-5p and miR-17-92 cluster to form mature miRNAs, which target and decrease the Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and proapoptotic factor BIM levels, respectively, leading to an enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These intriguing results reveal a central mechanism underlying lineage-specific regulation by a Runx2/DICER/miRNAs cascade during osteogenic differentiation and bone development. Our study, also suggests a potential application of modulating DICER expression for bone tissue repair and regeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 182-191, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zheng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Shu Meng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lan Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liming Yu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michel Dard
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Jessica Cheng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dana Murray
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Tang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Chen Z, Xue J, Shen T, Mu S, Fu Q. Curcumin alleviates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:329-38. [PMID: 26677102 PMCID: PMC4716794 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that prolonged glucocorticoid (GC) treatment results in osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin on the bones of rats with dexamethasone (DXM)-induced osteoporosis. In the present study, rats were administered DXM for 60 days to induce osteoporosis, and they were then treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) for a further 60 days. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the femurs. Serum osteocalcin levels and collagen-type I fragments (CTX) were examined as bone metabolism markers. The results revealed that treatment with curcumin attenuated DXM-induced bone injury in femurs, increased the serum levels of osteocalcin and decreased the levels of CTX. In addition, in in vitro experiments, primary rat osteoblasts treated with curcumin at 0.5, 1 and 2 µM were exposed to 100 nM DXM. An MTT assay was used to determine the proliferative ability of the cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity, and the mRNA expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix, osteocalcin, collagen, type 1, alpha 1 (Col1A1) and osteonectin were detected to assess transcription factor-associated osteogenic differentiation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator for nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were detected to assess cytokine-associated osteoclastogenesis. The results demonstrated that curcumin prevented the DXM-induced inhibition of the proliferative ability of the osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, curcumin upregulated the mRNA expression levels of transcription factors that favor osteoblast differentiation and increased the ratio of OPG to RANKL. Moreover, the effects of curcumin on the Wnt signaling pathway were also investigated. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that the Wnt signaling pathway, which was inhibited by DXM, was re-activated upon treatment with curcumin. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that curcumin restored the intranuclear staining of β-catenin in the DXM-stimulated osteoblasts. Collectively, our data demonstrate that curcumin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Chen
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- The Seventh Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Mu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Zhang R, Yan S, Wang J, Deng F, Guo Y, Li Y, Fan M, Song Q, Liu H, Weng Y, Shi Q. MiR-30a regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human osteosarcoma by targeting Runx2. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3479-88. [PMID: 26449831 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in young patients. However, treatment paradigms and survival rates have not improved in decades. MicroRNAs have been shown to be critical regulators of physiological homeostasis and pathological process, including bone disease. Nearly half of the microRNA (miRNA) genes are located at genomic regions and fragile sites known to be frequently deleted or amplified in various kinds of cancers. In this study, we investigated the role miR-30a in OS. A negative correlation between miR-30a expression and malignant grade was observed in OS cell lines. The overexpression of miR-30a reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion in 143B cells and the inhibitor of miR-30a increased proliferation, migration, and invasion in Saos2 cells. Further studies revealed that runt-related transcription factors 2 (Runx2) was a regulative target gene of miR-30a. Rescue assay significantly reversed the effects of overexpressing or inhibiting miR-30a. miR-30a also suppressed tumor formation and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. All the results suggest a critical role of miR-30a in suppressing proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS by targeting Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yangliu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengtian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qilin Song
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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35
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Wysokinski D, Blasiak J, Pawlowska E. Role of RUNX2 in Breast Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20969-93. [PMID: 26404249 PMCID: PMC4613236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is a transcription factor playing the major role in osteogenesis, but it can be involved in DNA damage response, which is crucial for cancer transformation. RUNX2 can interact with cell cycle regulators: cyclin-dependent kinases, pRB and p21Cip1 proteins, as well as the master regulator of the cell cycle, the p53 tumor suppressor. RUNX2 is involved in many signaling pathways, including those important for estrogen signaling, which, in turn, are significant for breast carcinogenesis. RUNX2 can promote breast cancer development through Wnt and Tgfβ signaling pathways, especially in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative cases. ERα interacts directly with RUNX2 and regulates its activity. Moreover, the ERα gene has a RUNX2 binding site within its promoter. RUNX2 stimulates the expression of aromatase, an estrogen producing enzyme, increasing the level of estrogens, which in turn stimulate cell proliferation and replication errors, which can be turned into carcinogenic mutations. Exploring the role of RUNX2 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer can lead to revealing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wysokinski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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