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Li G, Cao L, Liu K, Dong Y, Yang Z, Luo J, Gao W, Lei L, Song Y, Du X, Li X, Gao W, Liu G. Targeting PHB2 mediated mitophagy alleviates non-esterified fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00921-4. [PMID: 38876225 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the mammary gland of dairy cows suffering from ketosis. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) plays a crucial role in regulating mitophagy, which clears impaired mitochondria to maintain normal mitochondrial function. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate how PHB2 mediates mitophagy, thereby influencing mitochondrial function in the bovine mammary epithelial cell MAC-T. First, mammary gland tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy cows (control; n = 15, BHB <0.6 mM) and cows with clinical ketosis (CK; n = 15, BHB >3.0 mM). Compared with the control group, the CK group exhibited lower dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, milk protein, milk lactose, and serum glucose. In contrast, milk fat, serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and BHB were greater in CK group. The protein abundance of PHB2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), mitofusin 2 (MFN2) in whole cell lysates (WCL), as well as PHB2, sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), and ubiquitinated proteins in mitochondrial fraction were significantly lower in the CK group. ATP content of mammary gland tissue in CK group was lower than that of healthy cows. Second, MAC-T were cultured and treated with NEFA (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 mM). MAC-T treated with 1.2 mM NEFA displayed decreased protein abundance of PHB2, PGC-1α, MFN2 in WCL, as well as protein abundance of PHB2, p62, LC3-II, and ubiquitinated proteins in mitochondrial fraction. The content of ATP and JC-1 aggregates in 1.2 mM NEFA group were lower than in the 0 mM NEFA group. Additionally, 1.2 mM NEFA disrupted the fusion between mitochondria and lysosomes. MAC-T were then pretreated with 100 nM rapamycin, followed by treatment with or without NEFA. Rapamycin alleviated impaired mitophagy and mitochondria dysfunction induced by 1.2 mM NEFA. Third, MAC-T were transfected with small interfering RNA to silence PHB2 or a plasmid for overexpression of PHB2, followed by treatment with or without NEFA. The silencing of PHB2 aggravated 1.2 mM NEFA induced impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the overexpression of PHB2 alleviated these effects. Overall, this study provides evidence that PHB2, in regulation of mitophagy, is a mechanism for bovine mammary epithelial cells to counteract NEFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liguang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianchun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China..
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China..
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Huang B, Khan MZ, Kou X, Chen Y, Liang H, Ullah Q, Khan N, Khan A, Chai W, Wang C. Enhancing Metabolism and Milk Production Performance in Periparturient Dairy Cattle through Rumen-Protected Methionine and Choline Supplementation. Metabolites 2023; 13:1080. [PMID: 37887405 PMCID: PMC10608895 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For dairy cattle to perform well throughout and following lactations, precise dietary control during the periparturient phase is crucial. The primary issues experienced by periparturient dairy cows include issues like decreased dry matter intake (DMI), a negative energy balance, higher levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the ensuing inferior milk output. Dairy cattle have always been fed a diet high in crude protein (CP) to produce the most milk possible. Despite the vital function that dairy cows play in the conversion of dietary CP into milk, a sizeable percentage of nitrogen is inevitably expelled, which raises serious environmental concerns. To reduce nitrogen emissions and their production, lactating dairy cows must receive less CP supplementation. Supplementing dairy cattle with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and choline (RPC) has proven to be a successful method for improving their ability to use nitrogen, regulate their metabolism, and produce milk. The detrimental effects of low dietary protein consumption on the milk yield, protein yield, and dry matter intake may be mitigated by these nutritional treatments. In metabolic activities like the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and methylation reactions, RPM and RPC are crucial players. Methionine, a limiting amino acid, affects the production of milk protein and the success of lactation in general. According to the existing data in the literature, methionine supplementation has a favorable impact on the pathways that produce milk. Similarly, choline is essential for DNA methylation, cell membrane stability, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, RPC supplementation during the transition phase improves dry matter intake, postpartum milk yield, and fat-corrected milk (FCM) production. This review provides comprehensive insights into the roles of RPM and RPC in optimizing nitrogen utilization, metabolism, and enhancing milk production performance in periparturient dairy cattle, offering valuable strategies for sustainable dairy farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Xiyan Kou
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Huili Liang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Nadar Khan
- Livestock and Dairy Development (Research) Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 511464, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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Jin CL, He YA, Jiang SG, Wang XQ, Yan HC, Tan HZ, Gao CQ. Chemical Composition of Pigeon Crop Milk and Factors Affecting Its Production: A Review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102681. [PMID: 37098298 PMCID: PMC10149254 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeons are important commercial poultry in addition to being ornamental birds. In 2021, more than 111 million pairs of breeding pigeons were kept in stock and 1.6 billion squabs were slaughtered for meat in China. However, in many countries, pigeons are not domestic birds; thus, it is necessary to elucidate the factors involved in their growth and feeding strategy due to their economic importance. Pigeons are altricial birds, so feedstuffs cannot be digested by squabs, which instead are fed a mediator named pigeon crop milk. During lactation, breeding pigeons (both female and male) ingest diets and generate crop milk to feed squabs. Thus, research on squab growth is more complex than that on chicken and other poultry. To date, research on the measurement of crop milk composition and estimation of the factors affecting its production has not ceased, and these results are worth reviewing to guide production. Moreover, some studies have focused on the formation mechanism of crop milk, reporting that the synthesis of crop milk is controlled by prolactin and insulin-activated pathways. Furthermore, the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway, target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway were also reported to be involved in crop milk synthesis. Therefore, this review focuses on the chemical composition of pigeon crop milk and factors affecting its production during lactation. This work explores novel mechanisms and provides a theoretical reference for improving production in the pigeon industry, including for racing, ornamental purposes, and production of meat products.
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Han M, Zhang M. The regulatory mechanism of amino acids on milk protein and fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells: a mini review. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:402-412. [PMID: 34339350 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1950743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cell (MEC) is the basic unit of the mammary gland that synthesizes milk components including milk protein and milk fat. MECs can sense to extracellular stimuli including nutrients such as amino acids though different sensors and signaling pathways. Here, we review recent advances in the regulatory mechanism of amino acids on milk protein and fat synthesis in MECs. We also highlight how these mechanisms reflect the amino acid requirements of MECs and discuss the current and future prospects for amino acid regulation in milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Han
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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High levels of fatty acids inhibit β-casein synthesis through suppression of the JAK2/STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways in mammary epithelial cells of cows with clinical ketosis. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:212-219. [PMID: 32308163 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029920000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketosis is a metabolic disease of dairy cows often characterized by high concentrations of ketone bodies and fatty acids, but low milk protein and milk production. The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are central for the regulation of milk protein synthesis. The effect of high levels of fatty acids on these pathways and β-casein synthesis are unknown in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. Mammary gland tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy (n = 15) and clinically-ketotic (n = 15) cows. In addition, bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) were treated with fatty acids, methionine (Met) or prolactin (PRL), respectively. In vivo, the serum concentration of fatty acids was greater (P > 0.05) and the percentage of milk protein (P > 0.05) was lower in cows with clinical ketosis. The JAK2-STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways were inhibited and the abundance of β-casein was lower in mammary tissue of cows with clinical ketosis (P > 0.05). In vitro, high levels of fatty acids inhibited the JAK2-STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways (P > 0.05) and further decreased the β-casein synthesis (P > 0.05) in BMEC. Methionine or PRL treatment, as positive regulators, activated the JAK2-STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways to increase the β-casein synthesis. Importantly, the high concentration of fatty acids attenuated the positive effect of Met or PRL on mTOR, JAK2-STAT5 pathways and the abundance of β-casein (P > 0.05). Overall, these data indicate that the high concentrations of fatty acids that reach the mammary cells during clinical ketosis inhibit mTOR and JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathways, and further suppress β-casein synthesis.
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6
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Mei X, Yang Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Chen Q, Qian X, Li X, Feng Z. Role of fragile X mental retardation protein in chronic pain. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920928619. [PMID: 32496847 PMCID: PMC7273537 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920928619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain has detrimental effects on one's quality of life. However, its treatment options are very limited, and its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Recent research has suggested that fragile X mental retardation protein is involved in the development of chronic pain, making it a potential target for prevention and treatment. The current review of literature will examine the function of fragile X mental retardation protein and its associated pathways, through which we hope to gain insight into how fragile X mental retardation protein may contribute to nociceptive sensitization and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Mei
- Department of Pain Medicine,
The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang
University School of Medicine,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine,
The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang
University School of Medicine,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsong Zhao
- Department of Pain Medicine,
The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang
University School of Medicine,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience,
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of
China, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, China
| | - QiLiang Chen
- Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Health Care,
Stanford
University, Stanford, CA,
USA
| | - Xiang Qian
- Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford Health Care,
Stanford
University, Stanford, CA,
USA
| | - Xiangyao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience,
Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of
China, School of Medicine,
Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- Department of Pain Medicine,
The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang
University School of Medicine,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yuan X, Zhang M, Ao J, Zhen Z, Gao X, Li M. NUCKS1 is a novel regulator of milk synthesis in and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15825-15835. [PMID: 30710349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) is a highly phosphorylated nuclear protein ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates. NUCKS1 has been reported to be a key chromatin modifier and transcriptional regulator of a number of signaling pathways, but the physiological role and detailed mechanism are still limited. In this study, we assessed the role of NUCKS1 on milk synthesis in and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells from a dairy cow. NUCKS1 was located in the nucleus of mammary epithelial cells, and the expression of NUCKS1 was stimulated by amino acids (Met and Leu) and hormones (estrogen and prolactin). Gene function study approaches detected that NUCKS1 positively regulated milk protein, milk fat, and lactose synthesis, and also increased the cell number, cell viability, and cell cycle progression. NUCKS1 mediated the stimulation of amino acids and hormones on the messenger RNA expression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), SREBP-1c, and Cyclin D1. The expression of NUCKS1 is dramatically higher in mouse mammary tissue of lactating period, compared with that in puberty and dry period. Taken together, these results reveal that NUCKS1 is a new mediator of milk synthesis in and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via regulating the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinxia Ao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Septin6 regulates cell growth and casein synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via mTORC1 pathway. J DAIRY RES 2019; 86:181-187. [PMID: 31122298 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029919000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This research paper addresses the hypothesis that Septin6 is a key regulatory factor influencing amino acid (AA)-mediated cell growth and casein synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs). DCMECs were treated with absence of AA (AA-), restricted concentrations of AA (AAr) or normal concentrations of AA (AA+) for 24 h. Cell growth, expression of CSN2 and Septin6 were increased in response to AA supply. Overexpressing or inhibiting Septin6 demonstrated that cell growth, expression of CSN2, mTOR, p-mTOR, S6K1 and p-S6K1 were up-regulated by Septin6. Furthermore, overexpressing or inhibiting mTOR demonstrated that the increase in cell growth and expression of CSN2 in response to Septin6 overexpression were inhibited by mTOR inhibition, and vice versa. Our hypothesis was supported; we were able to show that Septin6 is an important positive factor for cell growth and casein synthesis, it up-regulates AA-mediated cell growth and casein synthesis through activating mTORC1 pathway in DCMECs.
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Wang M, Wang Z, Yang C, Liu L, Jiang N. Protein 14-3-3ε Regulates Cell Proliferation and Casein Synthesis via PI3K-mTOR Pathway in Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12000-12008. [PMID: 30375228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and casein synthesis of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) are regulated by many factors. This research aimed to investigate the effect of 14-3-3ε on cell proliferation and casein synthesis in DCMECs and to reveal the underlying mechanism. Overexpressing or inhibiting 14-3-3ε demonstrated that cell proliferation; casein synthesis; expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, S6K1, and p-S6K1; and lysosomal localization of mTOR were all up-regulated by 14-3-3ε overexpressing and down-regulated by 14-3-3ε inhibiting. In addition, inhibiting mTOR demonstrated that the up-regulation of cell proliferation and casein synthesis in response to 14-3-3ε overexpressing was removed by inhibiting mTOR. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of 14-3-3ε was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation, and we found that 14-3-3ε could interact with PI3K and activate mTORC1 pathway via PI3K. In addition, DCMECs were treated with insulin and prolactin, and the result showed that the cell proliferation and the expression of CSN2 and 14-3-3ε were all up-regulated by these hormones. In conclusion, the current research showed that 14-3-3ε is an important positive regulatory factor for cell proliferation and casein synthesis in DCMECs, as it up-regulates cell proliferation and casein synthesis via activating PI3K-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Zekun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lhasa , Tibet 850000 , China
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Kisspeptin-10 Induces β-Casein Synthesis via GPR54 and Its Downstream Signaling Pathways in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122621. [PMID: 29206176 PMCID: PMC5751224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins (Kps) play a key role in the regulation of GnRH axis and as an anti-metastasis agent by binding with GPR54. Recently, we observed that the expression of GPR54 was higher in the lactating mammary tissues of dairy cows with high-quality milk (0.81 ± 0.13 kg/day of milk protein yield; 1.07 ± 0.18 kg/day of milk fat yield) than in those with low-quality milk (0.51 ± 0.14 kg/day of milk protein yield; 0.67 ± 0.22 kg/day of milk fat yield). We hypothesized that Kp-10 might regulate the milk protein, β-casein (CSN2) synthesis via GPR54 and its downstream signaling. First, we isolated the bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) from lactating Holstein dairy cows, and treated them with different concentrations of Kp-10. Compared with the control cells, the synthesis of CSN2 is significantly increased at a concentration of 100 nM of Kp-10. In addition, the increased effect of CSN2 synthesis was blocked when the cells were pre-treated with the selective inhibitor of GPR54 Peptide-234 (P-234). Mechanistic study revealed that Kp-10 activated ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR and STAT5 in bMECs. Moreover, inhibiting ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR and STAT5 with U0126, MK2206, Rapamycin and AG490 could block the effects of Kp-10. Together, these results demonstrate that Kp-10 facilitates the synthesis of CSN2 via GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways mTOR, ERK1/2, STAT5 and AKT.
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Yoshida GM, Lhorente JP, Carvalheiro R, Yáñez JM. Bayesian genome-wide association analysis for body weight in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Anim Genet 2017; 48:698-703. [PMID: 29044715 DOI: 10.1111/age.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study to detect markers associated with growth traits in Atlantic salmon. The analyzed traits included body weight at tagging (BWT) and body weight at 25 months (BW25M). Genotypes of 4662 animals were imputed from the 50K SNP chip to the 200K SNP chip using fimpute software. The markers were simultaneously modeled using Bayes C to identify genomic regions associated with the traits. We identified windows explaining a maximum of 3.71% and 3.61% of the genetic variance for BWT and BW25M respectively. We found potential candidate genes located within the top ten 1-Mb windows for BWT and BW25M. For instance, the vitronectin (VTN) gene, which has been previously reported to be associated with cell growth, was found within one of the top ten 1-Mb windows for BWT. In addition, the WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 3, melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2, myosin light chain kinase, transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3 and myosin light chain 1 genes, which have been reported to be associated with skeletal growth in humans, growth stimulation during the larval stage in zebrafish, body weight in pigs, feed conversion in chickens and growth rate of sheep skeletal muscle respectively, were found within some of the top ten 1-Mb windows for BW25M. These results indicate that growth traits are most likely controlled by many variants with relatively small effects in Atlantic salmon. The genomic regions associated with the traits studied here may provide further insight into the functional regions underlying growth traits in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Yoshida
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, 8820808, Chile.,Animal Science Department, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - R Carvalheiro
- Animal Science Department, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - J M Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, 8820808, Chile.,Aquainnovo, Cardonal S/N, Puerto Montt, Chile
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Liu J, Wang Y, Li D, Wang Y, Li M, Chen C, Fang X, Chen H, Zhang C. Milk protein synthesis is regulated by T1R1/T1R3, a G protein-coupled taste receptor, through the mTOR pathway in the mouse mammary gland. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Dewei Li
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yanhuan Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Menglu Li
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Caifa Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xingtang Fang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology; School of Life Sciences; Jiangsu Normal University; Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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