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Hashemi Karoii D, Azizi H. OCT4 protein and gene expression analysis in the differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into neurons by immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and bioinformatics analysis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10548-8. [PMID: 37119454 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogonia Stem Cells (SSCs) are potential candidates for reprogramming and regeneration. Recent studies have revealed that differentiated cells can be reverted to pluripotent by overexpressing a set of pluripotent transcription factors. OCT4 (encoded by pou5f1), a POU transcription factor family member, is essential to the potential that controls pluripotency, and it is widely expressed in pluripotent stem cells, although it decreased or suppressed after differentiation. METHODS In this investigated research, we examined the OCT4 expression during the differentiation of SSCs into neurons (involving four stages in the following order: SSCs in vivo and in-vitro, embryonic Stem Cell-like (ES-like), Embryonic Bodies (EBs), and finally Neurons) by Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IMH), and Fluidigm Real-Time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we use some databases like STRING to predict protein-protein interaction and enrichment analysis. RESULTS We evaluated the expression of OCT4 in this process, and we observed that it is expressed in SSCs, ES-like, and EBs during the differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into adult neurons. We show that by adding RA to EBs, the expression of OCT4 is reduced and is not expressed in the neuron cells. We observed that the expression of OCT4 is linked and interacts with the differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into neuron cells, and it has been shown to be biologically functional, like stem cell maintenance and somatic cell reprogramming. CONCLUSION Our findings can help us better understand the process of differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into neurons, and it can be effective in finding new and more efficient treatments for neurogenesis and repair of neurons. We examined the OCT4 expression during the differentiation of SSCs into neurons (involving four stages in the following order: SSCs in vivo and in-vitro, embryonic Stem Cell-like (ES-like), Embryonic Bodies (EBs), and finally Neurons) by Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IMH), and Fluidigm Real-Time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we use some databases like STRING to predict protein-protein interaction and enrichment analysis. We evaluated the expression of OCT4 in this process, and we observed that it is expressed in SSCs, ES-like, and EBs during the differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into adult neurons. We show that by adding RA to EBs, the expression of OCT4 is reduced and is not expressed in the neuron cells. We observed that the expression of OCT4 is linked and interacts with the differentiation of spermatogonia stem cells into neuron cells, and it has been shown to be biologically functional, like stem cell maintenance and somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hashemi Karoii
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
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Niknejad P, Azizi H, Sojoudi K. POU5F1 Protein and Gene Expression Analysis in Neonate and Adult Mouse Testicular Germ Cells by Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:349-358. [PMID: 34788058 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
POU5F1 (POU class 5 homeobox 1) is a transcription factor that is critically involved in the self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. In this present study, we have developed our study to analyze the expression of the POU5F1 in the neonatal and adult mice testis section and isolated spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). We also examine POU5F1 protein localization by three various kinds of antibodies. In this experimental research, to enhance our understanding of the POU5F1 expression levels, protein localization, and function in testicular germ cell, we used immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and Fluidigm real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in the mouse testis section and neonatal and adult SSCs, and also we used protein-protein network analysis and gene enrichment analysis for genes involved in testicular development. Counting POU5F1-positive cells represented significantly higher expression (p < 0.05) of POU5F1 in the adult testis in comparison to the neonate. Finally, Fluidigm RT-PCR showed a significant expression (p < 0.05) level of germ cells gene POU5F1 in neonate SSCs (1-2 week) than 16-24 week SSCs. The illustrated results identify POU5F1 as a necessary transcription factor of testicular germ cells and can be supportive for the investigation of the development and differentiation of SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Niknejad
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Kiana Sojoudi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Yaglova NV, Obernikhin SS, Tsomartova DA, Nazimova SV, Yaglov VV, Tsomartova ES, Chereshneva EV, Ivanova MY, Lomanovskaya TA. Impaired Morphogenesis and Function of Rat Adrenal Zona Glomerulosa by Developmental Low-Dose Exposure to DDT Is Associated with Altered Oct4 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6324. [PMID: 34204839 PMCID: PMC8231536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a persistent organic pollutant and one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals. The impact of low-dose exposure to DDT on the morphogenesis of the adrenal gland is still poorly understood. The development and function of zona glomerulosa in rats has been found to be associated with changes in the expression of the transcription factor Oct4 (Octamer 4), which is the most important player in cell pluripotency. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphogenesis and function of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa in rats exposed to low doses of DDT during prenatal and postnatal development and to determine the possible role of Oct4 in DDT-mediated structural and functional changes. The DDT-exposed rats demonstrated slower development and lower functional activity of the zona glomerulosa during the pubertal period associated with higher expression of Oct4. Further, accelerated growth and restoration of hormone production was associated with, firstly, a decrease in Oct4 expressing cells and secondly, the loss of the inverse relationship between basal aldosterone levels and the number of Oct4 expressing cells. Thus, the transcriptional factor Oct4 exhibited an altered pattern of expression in the DDT-exposed rats during postnatal development. The results of the study uncover a novel putative mechanism by which low doses of DDT disrupt the development of adrenal zona glomerulosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.O.); (D.A.T.); (S.V.N.); (V.V.Y.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Sergey S. Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.O.); (D.A.T.); (S.V.N.); (V.V.Y.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Dibakhan A. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.O.); (D.A.T.); (S.V.N.); (V.V.Y.); (E.S.T.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Svetlana V. Nazimova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.O.); (D.A.T.); (S.V.N.); (V.V.Y.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Valentin V. Yaglov
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.O.); (D.A.T.); (S.V.N.); (V.V.Y.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Elina S. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Human Morphology”, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.O.); (D.A.T.); (S.V.N.); (V.V.Y.); (E.S.T.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Elizaveta V. Chereshneva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Marina Y. Ivanova
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
| | - Tatiana A. Lomanovskaya
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.Y.I.); (T.A.L.)
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Hisey E, Ross PJ, Meyers SA. A Review of OCT4 Functions and Applications to Equine Embryos. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 98:103364. [PMID: 33663726 PMCID: PMC8603767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OCT4 is a core transcription factor involved in pluripotency maintenance in the early mammalian embryo. The POU5F1 gene that encodes the OCT4 protein is highly conserved across species, suggesting conserved function. However, studies in several species including mice, cattle, and pigs, suggest that there are differences in where and when OCT4 is expressed. Specifically, in the horse, several studies have shown that exposure to the uterine environment may be necessary to induce OCT4 expression restriction to the inner cell mass (ICM) of the developing embryo, suggesting that there may be equine-specific extrinsic regulators of OCT4 expression that have not yet been investigated. However, an alternative hypothesis is that this restriction may not be evident in equine embryos because of our inability to culture them to the epiblast stage, preventing the observation of this restriction. In vitro studies have identified that OCT4 is expressed in the immature equine oocyte and in the early equine embryo, but OCT4 expression has not been studied after the formation of the ICM in the equine embryo. Despite the gaps in knowledge about equine-specific functions of OCT4, this factor has been used in studies assessing equine embryonic stem cells and to induce pluripotency in equine somatic cells. This review describes the role of OCT4 in the equine embryo and its applications in equine stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hisey
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Pablo J. Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Stuart A. Meyers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA,Corresponding author at: Stuart A. Meyers, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr. Davis, CA 95616. (S.A. Meyers)
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Kong Q, Yang X, Zhang H, Liu S, Zhao J, Zhang J, Weng X, Jin J, Liu Z. Lineage specification and pluripotency revealed by transcriptome analysis from oocyte to blastocyst in pig. FASEB J 2019; 34:691-705. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901818rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
- Institute of Biology Westlake University Hangzhou China
| | - Shichao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jianchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Junxue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province College of Life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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Kang JG, Park JS, Ko JH, Kim YS. Regulation of gene expression by altered promoter methylation using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated epigenetic editing system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11960. [PMID: 31427598 PMCID: PMC6700181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased interest in epigenetic research, its progress has been hampered by a lack of satisfactory tools to control epigenetic factors in specific genomic regions. Until now, many attempts to manipulate DNA methylation have been made using drugs but these drugs are not target-specific and have global effects on the whole genome. However, due to new genome editing technologies, potential epigenetic factors can now possibly be regulated in a site-specific manner. Here, we demonstrate the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 to modulate methylation at specific CpG sites and to elicit gene expression. We targeted the murine Oct4 gene which is transcriptionally locked due to hypermethylation at the promoter region in NIH3T3 cells. To induce site-specific demethylation at the Oct4 promoter region and its gene expression, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in and CRISPR/dCas9-Tet1 systems. Using these two approaches, we induced site-specific demethylation at the Oct4 promoter and confirmed the up-regulation of Oct4 expression. Furthermore, we confirmed that the synergistic effect of DNA demethylation and other epigenetic regulations increased the expression of Oct4 significantly. Based on our research, we suggest that our proven epigenetic editing methods can selectively modulate epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and have promise for various applications in epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Gu Kang
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Park
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Jeong-Heosn Ko
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
| | - Yong-Sam Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
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Bakhmet EI, Nazarov IB, Gazizova AR, Vorobyeva NE, Kuzmin AA, Gordeev MN, Sinenko SA, Aksenov ND, Artamonova TO, Khodorkovskii MA, Alenina N, Onichtchouk D, Wu G, Schöler HR, Tomilin AN. hnRNP-K Targets Open Chromatin in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Concert with Multiple Regulators. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1018-1029. [PMID: 31021473 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Oct4 plays a key regulatory role in the induction and maintenance of cellular pluripotency. In this article, we show that ubiquitous and multifunctional poly(C) DNA/RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K occupies Oct4 (Pou5f1) enhancers in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but is dispensable for the initiation, maintenance, and downregulation of Oct4 gene expression. Nevertheless, hnRNP-K has an essential cell-autonomous function in ESCs to maintain their proliferation and viability. To better understand mechanisms of hnRNP-K action in ESCs, we have performed ChIP-seq analysis of genome-wide binding of hnRNP-K and identified several thousands of hnRNP-K target sites that are frequently co-occupied by pluripotency-related and common factors (Oct4, TATA-box binding protein, Sox2, Nanog, Otx2, etc.), as well as active histone marks. Furthermore, hnRNP-K localizes exclusively within open chromatin, implying its role in the onset and/or maintenance of this chromatin state. Stem Cells 2019;37:1018-1029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny I Bakhmet
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor B Nazarov
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Adel R Gazizova
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Vorobyeva
- Group of transcriptional complexes dynamics, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Kuzmin
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Gordeev
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey A Sinenko
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai D Aksenov
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana O Artamonova
- Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Khodorkovskii
- Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Daria Onichtchouk
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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