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Ziaei A, Garcia-Miralles M, Radulescu CI, Sidik H, Silvin A, Bae HG, Bonnard C, Yusof NABM, Ferrari Bardile C, Tan LJ, Ng AYJ, Tohari S, Dehghani L, Henry L, Yeo XY, Lee S, Venkatesh B, Langley SR, Shaygannejad V, Reversade B, Jung S, Ginhoux F, Pouladi MA. Ermin deficiency leads to compromised myelin, inflammatory milieu, and susceptibility to demyelinating insult. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13064. [PMID: 35285112 PMCID: PMC9425013 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ermin is an actin-binding protein found almost exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) as a component of myelin sheaths. Although Ermin has been predicted to play a role in the formation and stability of myelin sheaths, this has not been directly examined in vivo. Here, we show that Ermin is essential for myelin sheath integrity and normal saltatory conduction. Loss of Ermin in mice caused de-compacted and fragmented myelin sheaths and led to slower conduction along with progressive neurological deficits. RNA sequencing of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter structure in the CNS, pointed to inflammatory activation in aged Ermin-deficient mice, which was corroborated by increased levels of microgliosis and astrogliosis. The inflammatory milieu and myelin abnormalities were further associated with increased susceptibility to immune-mediated demyelination insult in Ermin knockout mice. Supporting a possible role of Ermin deficiency in inflammatory white matter disorders, a rare inactivating mutation in the ERMN gene was identified in multiple sclerosis patients. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for Ermin in maintaining myelin integrity. Given its near-exclusive expression in myelinating oligodendrocytes, Ermin deficiency represents a compelling "inside-out" model of inflammatory dysmyelination and may offer a new paradigm for the development of myelin stability-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ziaei
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harwin Sidik
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Amirah Binte Mohammad Yusof
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liang Juin Tan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alvin Yu Jin Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumanty Tohari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leila Dehghani
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lily Henry
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sejin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sen MK, Almuslehi MSM, Shortland PJ, Coorssen JR, Mahns DA. Revisiting the Pathoetiology of Multiple Sclerosis: Has the Tail Been Wagging the Mouse? Front Immunol 2020; 11:572186. [PMID: 33117365 PMCID: PMC7553052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is traditionally considered an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease, the pathoetiology of which is unknown. However, the key question remains whether autoimmunity is the initiator of the disease (outside-in) or the consequence of a slow and as yet uncharacterized cytodegeneration (oligodendrocytosis), which leads to a subsequent immune response (inside-out). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been used to model the later stages of MS during which the autoimmune involvement predominates. In contrast, the cuprizone (CPZ) model is used to model early stages of the disease during which oligodendrocytosis and demyelination predominate and are hypothesized to precede subsequent immune involvement in MS. Recent studies combining a boost, or protection, to the immune system with disruption of the blood brain barrier have shown CPZ-induced oligodendrocytosis with a subsequent immune response. In this Perspective, we review these recent advances and discuss the likelihood of an inside-out vs. an outside-in pathoetiology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed S M Almuslehi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Peter J Shortland
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Kodukula K, Chen X. Klotho Pathways, Myelination Disorders, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Epigenetic Drugs. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:94-105. [PMID: 32257625 PMCID: PMC7133426 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we outline a rationale for identifying neuroprotectants aimed at inducing endogenous Klotho activity and expression, which is epigenetic action, by definition. Such an approach should promote remyelination and/or stimulate myelin repair by acting on mitochondrial function, thereby heralding a life-saving path forward for patients suffering from neuroinflammatory diseases. Disorders of myelin in the nervous system damage the transmission of signals, resulting in loss of vision, motion, sensation, and other functions depending on the affected nerves, currently with no effective treatment. Klotho genes and their single-pass transmembrane Klotho proteins are powerful governors of the threads of life and death, true to the origin of their name, Fates, in Greek mythology. Among its many important functions, Klotho is an obligatory co-receptor that binds, activates, and/or potentiates critical fibroblast growth factor activity. Since the discovery of Klotho a little over two decades ago, it has become ever more apparent that when Klotho pathways go awry, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction take over, and age-related chronic disorders are likely to follow. The physiological consequences can be wide ranging, potentially wreaking havoc on the brain, eye, kidney, muscle, and more. Central nervous system disorders, neurodegenerative in nature, and especially those affecting the myelin sheath, represent worthy targets for advancing therapies that act upon Klotho pathways. Current drugs for these diseases, even therapeutics that are disease modifying rather than treating only the symptoms, leave much room for improvement. It is thus no wonder that this topic has caught the attention of biomedical researchers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Anastasios N. Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
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