1
|
Hao M, Zhang C, Shi N, Yuan L, Zhang T, Wang X. Procaine induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:408. [PMID: 38988444 PMCID: PMC11234806 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Procaine (PCA), a local anesthetic commonly used in stomatology, exhibits antitumor activity in some human malignancies. However, the precise mechanism underlying PCA activity remains unknown, and its antitumor effect in human tongue squamous carcinoma cells has not been reported. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to assess the effects of PCA on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell cycle and apoptosis. The results suggested that PCA inhibits CAL27 and SCC-15 cell proliferation, and clone formation in a dose-dependent manner. CAL27 cells were more sensitive to PCA than SCC-15 cells. PCA also significantly inhibited cell migration, induced mitochondrial damage, reduced ΔΨm and increased intracellular ROS production. PCA causes G2/M cycle arrest and induces apoptosis. The possible mechanism for the inhibition of human tongue squamous carcinoma cell proliferation is through the regulation of ERK phosphorylation and PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathways. The results further suggested that autophagy occurs during PCA-induced apoptosis in CAL27 cells, and the addition of the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine sulfate further enhanced the sensitivity of PCA to inhibit cell proliferation, indicating that autophagy plays an important role in protecting cancer cells from apoptosis. PCA shows potential as an anticancer drug and its combination with autophagy inhibitors enhances its sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Naixu Shi
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu C, Li Y, Liu S, Wang L, Wang X. Catalpol inhibits HHcy-induced EndMT in endothelial cells by modulating ROS/NF-κB signaling. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:431. [PMID: 39148029 PMCID: PMC11328392 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS). Endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) refers to the process in which endothelial cells lose endothelial cell morphology and characteristic gene expression, and acquire phenotypic characteristics and gene expression related to mesenchymal cells. Numerous studies have confirmed that EndMT is involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. Catalpol is one of the active components of Rehmannia, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and other biological activities. Studies have shown that catalpol can reduce atherosclerotic plaque induced by high sugar or fat. However, the effect of catalpol on HHCY-induced EndMT is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro HHcy-treated primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to construct a cell model, and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and catalase alcohol were administered. In vivo C57BL/6N mice were given a diet fed with 4.4% high methionine chow to construct a HHcy mice model and were treated with catalpol. The results showed that hhcy could induce morphological transformation of endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells, increase intracellular ROS content, up-regulate α-SMA, N-cadherin, p-p65 protein expression, down-regulate VE-cadherin, CD31 protein expression, induce pathological changes of aortic root endothelium, and increase aortic endothelial ROS content. Catalpol reversed these hhcy induced outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Catalpol inhibits HHcy-induced EndMT, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. Catalpol may be a potential drug for the treatment of HHcy-related AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuanhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xuehui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical, University, Xinxiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu C, Duan X, Wang X, Wang L. Advances in the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-related diseases. Epigenomics 2023; 15:769-795. [PMID: 37718931 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine has a wide range of biological effects. However, the specific molecular mechanism of its pathogenicity is still unclear. The diseases induced by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) are called homocysteine-related diseases. Clinical treatment of HHcy is mainly through folic acid and B-complex vitamins, which are not effective in reducing the associated end point events. Epigenetics is the alteration of heritable genes caused by DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs and chromatin remodeling without altering the DNA sequence. In recent years the role of epigenetics in homocysteine-associated diseases has been gradually discovered. This article summarizes the latest evidence on the role of epigenetics in HHcy, providing new directions for its prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xulei Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou S, Ou H, Wu Y, Qi D, Pei X, Yu X, Hu X, Wu E. Targeting tumor endothelial cells with methyltransferase inhibitors: Mechanisms of action and the potential of combination therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108434. [PMID: 37172786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) reside in the inner lining of blood vessels and represent a promising target for targeted cancer therapy. DNA methylation is a chemical process that involves the transfer of a methyl group to a specific base in the DNA strand, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT). DNMT inhibitors (DNMTis) can inhibit the activity of DNMTs, thereby preventing the transfer of methyl groups from s-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to cytosine. Currently, the most viable therapy for TECs is the development of DNMTis to release cancer suppressor genes from their repressed state. In this review, we first outline the characteristics of TECs and describe the development of tumor blood vessels and TECs. Abnormal DNA methylation is closely linked to tumor initiation, progression, and cell carcinogenesis, as evidenced by numerous studies. Therefore, we summarize the role of DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase and the therapeutic potential of four types of DNMTi in targeting TECs. Finally, we discuss the accomplishments, challenges, and opportunities associated with combination therapy with DNMTis for TECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hailong Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yatao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Texas A & M University Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaming Pei
- Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Research Institute of Hunan University in Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 78508, USA; Texas A & M University Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, College Station, TX 77843, USA; LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vargas LN, Silveira MM, Franco MM. Epigenetic Reprogramming and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2647:37-58. [PMID: 37041328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3064-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is an area of genetics that studies the heritable modifications in gene expression and phenotype that are not controlled by the primary sequence of DNA. The main epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, post-translational covalent modifications in histone tails, and non-coding RNAs. During mammalian development, there are two global waves of epigenetic reprogramming. The first one occurs during gametogenesis and the second one begins immediately after fertilization. Environmental factors such as exposure to pollutants, unbalanced nutrition, behavioral factors, stress, in vitro culture conditions can negatively affect epigenetic reprogramming events. In this review, we describe the main epigenetic mechanisms found during mammalian preimplantation development (e.g., genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation). Moreover, we discuss the detrimental effects of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer on the reprogramming of epigenetic patterns and some molecular alternatives to minimize these negative impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luna N Vargas
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Silveira
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício M Franco
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gradinaru D, Ungurianu A, Margina D, Moreno-Villanueva M, Bürkle A. Procaine-The Controversial Geroprotector Candidate: New Insights Regarding Its Molecular and Cellular Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3617042. [PMID: 34373764 PMCID: PMC8349289 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3617042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1905 and its employment in everyday medical practice as a local anesthetic, to its highly controversial endorsement as an "anti-aging" molecule in the sixties and seventies, procaine is part of the history of medicine and gerontoprophylaxis. Procaine can be considered a "veteran" drug due to its long-time use in clinical practice, but is also a molecule which continues to incite interest, revealing new biological and pharmacological effects within novel experimental approaches. Therefore, this review is aimed at exploring and systematizing recent data on the biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms involved in the antioxidant and potential geroprotective effects of procaine, focusing on the following aspects: (1) the research state-of-the-art, through an objective examination of scientific literature within the last 30 years, describing the positive, as well as the negative reports; (2) the experimental data supporting the beneficial effects of procaine in preventing or alleviating age-related pathology; and (3) the multifactorial pathways procaine impacts oxidative stress, inflammation, atherogenesis, cerebral age-related pathology, DNA damage, and methylation. According to reviewed data, procaine displayed antioxidant and cytoprotective actions in experimental models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, lipoprotein oxidation, endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, inflammation, sepsis, intoxication, ionizing irradiation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. This analysis painted a complex pharmacological profile of procaine: a molecule that has not yet fully expressed its therapeutic potential in the treatment and prevention of aging-associated diseases. The numerous recent reports found demonstrate the rising interest in researching the multiple actions of procaine regulating key processes involved in cellular senescence. Its beneficial effects on cell/tissue functions and metabolism could designate procaine as a valuable candidate for the well-established Geroprotectors database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gradinaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Margina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- Department of Sport Science, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Huang Z, Xie Z, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Wei X, Huang B, Shan Z, Liu J, Fan S, Chen J, Zhao F. Homocysteine induces oxidative stress and ferroptosis of nucleus pulposus via enhancing methylation of GPX4. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:552-565. [PMID: 32896601 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an amino acid involved in gene methylation. Plasma concentration of Hcy is elevated in the pathological condition hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which increases the risk of disorders of the vascular, nervous and musculoskeletal systems, including chondrocyte dysfunction. The present study aimed to explore the role of Hcy in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), using a range of techniques. A clinical epidemiological study showed that HHcy is an independent risk factor for human IVDD. Cell culture using rat nucleus pulposus cells showed that Hcy promotes a degenerative cell phenotype (involving increased oxidative stress and cell death by ferroptosis) which is mediated by upregulated methylation of GPX4. An in-vivo mouse 'puncture' model of IVDD showed that folic acid (which is used to treat HHcy in humans) reduced the ability of diet-induced HHcy to promote IVDD. We conclude that Hcy upregulates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the nucleus pulposus via enhancing GPX4 methylation, and is a new contributing factor in IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Zhaobo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yilei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Zeyu Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xiao'an Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Bao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Zhi Shan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3, Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|