1
|
Lin J, Deng L, Qi A, Jiang H, Xu D, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Guo X, Hu B, Li P. Catalpol alleviates hypoxia ischemia-induced brain damage by inhibiting ferroptosis through the PI3K/NRF2/system Xc-/GPX4 axis in neonatal rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176406. [PMID: 38341076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a brain damage caused by perinatal hypoxia and blood flow reduction. Severe HIE leads to death. Available treatments remain limited. Oxidative stress and nerve damage are major factors in brain injury caused by HIE. Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside found in the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of catalpol using a neonatal rat HIE model and found that catalpol might protect the brain through inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis and ameliorating oxidative stress. Behavior tests suggested that catalpol treatment improved functions of motor, learning, and memory abilities after hypoxic-ischemic injury. Catalpol treatment inhibited changes to several ferroptosis-related proteins, including p-PI3K, p-AKT, NRF2, GPX4, SLC7A11, SLC3A2, GCLC, and GSS in HIE neonatal rats. Catalpol also prevented changes to several ferroptosis-related proteins in PC12 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation. The ferroptosis inducer erastin reversed the protective effects of catalpol both in vitro and in vivo. We concluded that catalpol protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) by inhibiting ferroptosis through the PI3K/NRF2/system Xc-/GPX4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ailin Qi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoman Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beilei Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peijun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen Q, Yan X, Shen X. Elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of Hengqing II decoction in Alzheimer's disease using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105860. [PMID: 38367649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our research was to investigate the mechanism of the Hengqing II decoction in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) through network pharmacology and experimental validation methods. METHODS Firstly, the major chemical compounds of Hengqing II decoction were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), and the gene sets related to AD treatment by Hengqing II decoction were collected through the database of PubChem, Swiss TargetPrediction, and DisGeNET. Secondly, a multi-level molecular network of "Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-compound-target-disease" was constructed and visualized using the STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software, and the enrichment analysis based on the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway databases was performed to predict the potential active compounds and targets of Hengqing II decoction for treating AD. Finally, molecular docking simulation was applied to investigate the binding interactions between potential active compounds and key targets, and the western blotting technique was employed to examine the expression levels of AKT1, TNF-α, and NOS2 proteins affected by active compounds. RESULTS Totally 120 compounds in Hengqing II decoction were characterized by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Network pharmacology results showed that potential active compounds in Hengqing II decoction in treating AD included catalpol, gastrodin, and rehmannioside D, etc., and the main target proteins were TNF-α, NOS2, and AKT1. Further functional enrichment analysis revealed that Hengqing II decoction mainly exerted its therapeutic effects on AD by regulating lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways, AD signaling pathways, AKT1 signaling pathways, and PTGS2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Hengqing II decoction exerted therapeutic effects on AD through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway regulation, and its action mechanisms were related to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and other pathways. Our research laid the data foundation for further exploration of action mechanism and clarification of clinical positioning and provided new ideas and clues in TCM formula research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou University. Changzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou University. Changzhou, PR China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou University. Changzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou University. Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Human Use Experience Research & Transformation of Menghe Medical School, Changzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Shen
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Liu Q, Meng X, Zhao L, Zheng X, Feng W. Catalpol ameliorates fructose-induced renal inflammation by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88 signaling and uric acid reabsorption. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176356. [PMID: 38325797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that excess fructose uptake induces metabolic syndrome and kidney injury. Here, we primarily investigated the influence of catalpol on fructose-induced renal inflammation in mice and explored its potential mechanism. Treatment with catalpol improved insulin sensitivity and hyperuricemia in fructose-fed mice. Hyperuricemia induced by high-fructose diet was associated with increases in the expressions of urate reabsorptive transporter URAT1 and GLUT9. Treatment with catalpol decreased the expressions of URAT1 and GLUT9. Futhermore, treatment with catalpol ameliorated renal inflammatory cell infiltration and podocyte injury, and these beneficial effects were associated with inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, fructose-induced uric acid triggers an inflammatory response by activiting NLRP3 inflammasome, which then processes pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with catalpol could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome as well. Additionally, TLR4/MyD88 signaling was activated in fructose-fed mice, while treatment with catalpol inhibited this activation along with promoting NF-κB nuclear translocation in fructose-fed mice. Thus, our study demonstrated that catalpol could ameliorate renal inflammation in fructose-fed mice, attributing its beneficial effects to promoting uric acid excretion and inhibit the activation of TLR4/MyD88 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Research Center of Quality Control and Evaluation for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen F, Yang W, Luan G, Peng J, Li Z, Gao J, Hou Y, Bai G. Catalpolaglycone disrupts mitochondrial thermogenesis by specifically binding to a conserved lysine residue of UCP2 on the proton leak tunnel. Phytomedicine 2024; 125:155356. [PMID: 38241920 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catalpol (CAT), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside sourced from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, affects mitochondrial metabolic functions. However, the mechanism of action of CAT against pyrexia and its plausible targets remain to be fully elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the specific targets of CAT for blocking mitochondrial thermogenesis and to unveil the unique biological mechanism of action of the orthogonal binding mode between the hemiacetal group and lysine residue on the target protein in vivo. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced fever models were established to evaluate the potential antipyretic effects of CAT. An alkenyl-modified CAT probe was designed to identify and capture potential targets. Binding capacity was tested using in-gel imaging and a cellular thermal shift assay. The underlying antipyretic mechanisms were explored using biochemical and molecular biological methods. Catalpolaglycone (CA) was coupled with protein profile identification and molecular docking analysis to evaluate and identify its binding mode to UCP2. RESULTS After deglycation of CAT in vivo, the hemiacetal group in CA covalently binds to Lys239 of UCP2 in the mitochondria of the liver via an ɛ-amine nucleophilic addition. This irreversible binding affects proton leakage and improves mitochondrial membrane potential and ADP/ATP transformation efficiency, leading to an antipyretic effect. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential role of CA in modulating UCP2 activity or function within the mitochondria and open new avenues for investigating the therapeutic effects of CA on mitochondrial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fukui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Guoqing Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Zhenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu W, Zou L, Yu N, Wu Z, Yang W, Wu T, Liu Y, Pu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhu H, Cheng F, Feng S. Catalpol rescues LPS-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of NF-Κb-regulated neuroinflammation and up-regulation of TrkB-mediated BDNF secretion in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117345. [PMID: 37926114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a key manifestation of sepsis. Nevertheless, specific treatment for SAE is still lacking. Catalpol is an active component derived from Rehmanniae Radix, and has been demonstrated to be a potential neuroprotective agent. However, its effect on SAE still needs to be fully explored. AIM To address the benefits of catalpol on post-sepsis cognitive deterioration and related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Novel object recognition test, temporal order task, histopathology, and immunochemistry were applied to address the benefits of catalpol on LPS-triggered post-sepsis cognitive decline in mice. Xuebijing injection (10 ml/kg) has been utilized as a positive control in the above animal studies. After treatment, the catalpol content in the hippocampus was determined using LC-MS/MS. Finally, the mechanisms of catalpol were further assessed in BV2 and PC12 cells in vitro using Western blot, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, molecular docking tests, thermal shift assay, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS Behavior tests showed that catalpol therapy could lessen the cognitive impairment induced by LPS damage. HE, Nissl, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and Golgi staining further reflected that catalpol treatment could restore lymphocyte infiltration, blood-brain barrier (BBB) degradation, and the decreasing complexity of dendritic trees. According to LC-MS/MS analysis, catalpol had a 136 ng/mg concentration in the hippocampus. In vitro investigation showed that catalpol could inhibit microglia M1 polarization via blocking NF-κB phosphorylation, translocation and then reducing inflammatory cytokine release in BV2 microglia cells. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release up-regulation and TrkB pathway activation were observed in the catalpol treatment group in vivo and in vitro. The effect of catalpol on enhancing BDNF expression was inhibited by the specific inhibitor of TrkB (GNF-5837) in PC12 cells. Further molecular docking tests showed that catalpol formed weak hydrophobic bonds with TrkB. Besides, thermal shift assay also reflected that catalpol incubation caused a considerable change in the melting temperature of the TrkB. CONCLUSION Catalpol alleviates LPS-triggered post-sepsis cognitive impairment by reversing neuroinflammation via blocking the NF-κB pathway, up-regulating neurotrophic factors via the activation of TrkB pathway, and preserving BBB integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Li Zou
- Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China.
| | - Ningxi Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhizhongbin Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Tianyue Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yu Pu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yunbing Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Fang Cheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 63 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang MF, Wang JH, Sun S, Xu YT, Wan D, Feng S, Tian Z, Zhu HF. Catalpol attenuates ischemic stroke by promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway. Phytomedicine 2024; 128:155362. [PMID: 38522312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Currently, there is a lack of clinically effective treatments for the brain damage following ischemic stroke. Catalpol is a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmannia glutinosa and shown to be protective in various neurological diseases. However, the potential roles of catalpol against ischemic stroke are still not completely clear. PURPOSE This study aimed to further elucidate the protective effects of catalpol against ischemic stroke. METHODS A rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was established to assess the effect of catalpol in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Behavioral tests were used to examine the effects of catalpol on neurological function of ischemic rats. Immunostaining was performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as the angiogenesis in each group. The protein level of related molecules was detected by western-blot. The effects of catalpol on cultured NSCs as well as brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) subjected to OGD in vitro were also examined by similar methods. RESULTS Catalpol attenuated the neurological deficits and improved neurological function of ischemic rats. It stimulated the proliferation of NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ), promoted their migration to the ischemic cortex and differentiation into neurons or glial cells. At the same time, catalpol increased the cerebral vessels density and the number of proliferating cerebrovascular endothelial cells in the infracted cortex of ischemic rats. The level of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in the ischemic cortex was found to be enhanced by catalpol treatment. Catalpol was also shown to promote the proliferation and migration of cultured NSCs as well as the proliferation of BMECs subjected to OGD insult in vitro. Interestingly, the impact of catalpol on cultured cells was inhibited by CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100. Moreover, the culture medium of BMECs containing catalpol promoted the proliferation of NSCs, which was also suppressed by AMD3100. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that catalpol exerts neuroprotective effects by promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of catalpol in treating cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing-Hui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Si Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hui-Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Y, Zhu D, Qu L, Li M, Du W, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen G, Rao G, Yu X, Wu X, Huang F, Tong X. Inhibitory effects of catalpol on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis and IgE-mediated mast cells reaction. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111274. [PMID: 38041954 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory cutaneous disease driven by immune dysregulation. Catalpol is an iridoids, possessing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. It can be added to food as a dietary supplement. To evaluate the effects and mechanisms of catalpol on AD, both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. It was found that catalpol downregulated the phosphorylation of Lyn and Syk to inhibit various downstream pathways, including intracellular Ca2+ elevation, cytokines generation, and histamine release, which ultimately controlled mast cell (MCs) degranulation. The results showed that catalpol alleviated AD-like skin lesions and MC infiltration via regulation of pro-Th2 and Th2 cytokines in vivo. Furthermore, this compound reduced the levels of IgE in AD mice and improved allergic reactions in PCA mice. The results provided that catalpol was potentially developed as a dietary supplement to improve AD and other atopic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Defen Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lu Qu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Manping Li
- Drug and Equipment Section, Qingyuan Chronic Disease Prevention Hospital, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Wenxia Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guifang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Gaoxiong Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650599, China
| | - Xiangnong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Feng Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang P, Feng Q, Chen W, Bai X. Catalpol antagonizes LPS-mediated inflammation and promotes osteoblast differentiation through the miR-124-3p/DNMT3b/TRAF6 axis. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152118. [PMID: 38039796 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated inflammation and osteoblast differentiation are implicated in osteoporosis. Exploring the activity of catalpol in inflammation and osteoblast differentiation deepens the understanding of osteoporosis pathogenesis. METHODS LPS was used to treated hFOB1.19 cells to induce inflammation and repress osteoblast differentiation. FOB1.19 cells were induced in osteoblast differentiation medium and treated with LPS and catalpol. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8. ALP and Alizarin red S staining were conducted for analyzing osteoblast differentiation. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were examined by ELISA. The methylation of TRAF6 promoter was examined through MS-PCR. The binding of miR-124-3p to DNMT3b and DNMT3b to TRAF6 promoter was determined with dual luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. RESULTS LPS enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and suppressed osteoblast differentiation. MiR-124-3p and TRAF6 were upregulated and DNMT3b was downregulated in LPS-induced hFOB1.19 cells. Catalpol protected hFOB1.19 cells against LPS via inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteoblast differentiation. MiR-124-3p targeted DNMT3b, and its overexpression abrogated catalpol-mediated protection in LPS-treated hFOB1.19 cells. In addition, DNMT3b methylated TRAF6 promoter to restrain its expression. Catalpol exerted protective effects through suppression of the miR-124-3p/DNMT3b/TRAF6 axis in hFOB1.19 cells. CONCLUSION Catalpol antagonizes LPS-mediated inflammation and suppressive osteoblast differentiation via controlling the miR-124-3p/DNMT3b/TRAF6 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhuang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen S, Jin J, Xu Z, Han H, Wu L, Li Z. Catalpol attenuates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through promoting osteoclast apoptosis via the Sirt6-ERα-FasL axis. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155262. [PMID: 38100921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catalpol, a major active component of the Chinese herb Rehmannia glutinosa, possesses various pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. Recent studies have reported that catalpol can attenuate bone loss and enhance bone formation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on osteoporosis pathogenesis remain unclear. PURPOSE We investigated whether catalpol had a protective effect against postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and explored its exact mechanism of action. METHODS Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, model, low-dose catalpol (5 mg/kg/day), medium-dose catalpol (10 mg/kg/day), high-dose catalpol (20 mg/kg/day), and positive control (alendronate, 2.5 mg/kg). In this experiment, a ovariectomy was performed to establish a female rat model of PMOP. After 12 weeks of gavage, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histochemical staining were performed to evaluate bone mass, bone microstructure and histological parameters. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells were induced by RANKL to form mature osteoclasts to investigate the effect of catalpol on osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, the osteoclast apoptosis-related proteins of Sirt6, ERα, FasL, NFATc1, cleaved-caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 3, and Bax were assessed using western blotting. The expressions of NFATc1, Ctsk, Oscar, and Trap were quantified using RT-qPCR. The apoptotic rate of the osteoclasts was determined using flow cytometry. Sirt6 knockdown was performed using siRNA gene silencing in experiments to investigate its role in catalpol-mediated osteoclast apoptosis. The deacetylation of ERα in osteoclasts was tested via co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Catalpol (10 and 20 mg/kg) and alendronate (2.5 mg/kg) could significantly improve bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure and decrease osteoclast density in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In addition, catalpol (10 and 20 mg/kg) upregulated the expression of Sirt6, ERα, FasL, cleaved-caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 3, Bax, and downregulated the expression of NFATc1, Ctsk, Oscar, Trap both in vivo and in vitro. Catalpol also promoted ERα deacetylation and stabilized ERα protein to enhance the expression of FasL. In addition, Sirt6 knockdown by siRNA prevented ERα deacetylation and eliminated catalpol-mediated osteoclast apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that catalpol prevents estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast apoptosis via the Sirt6-ERα-FasL axis. These findings revealed a novel molecular mechanism underpinning the impact of catalpol in the progression of osteoporosis and provided novel insights into the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao F, He Q, Wu S, Zhang K, Xu Z, Kang J, Quan F. Catalpol ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in rat intestinal epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176125. [PMID: 37890606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a common clinical intestinal disease. Catalpol, a natural iridoid compound, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic functions, but the mechanism of its protection against intestinal inflammation is still unclear. This study investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of catalpol on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response of intestinal epithelial cell-6 (IEC-6). The results showed that catalpol could inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response by dose-dependently reducing the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Catalpol ameliorated cellular oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) expression. Meanwhile, catalpol also inhibited cell apoptosis, decreased the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) - associated X (Bax), caspase 3 and caspase 9, and increased the expression of Bcl-2. This study found that catalpol activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylationthe. In a further study, after inhibiting AMPK with dorsomorphin, the anti-inflammatory effects of catalpol were significantly reduced. Therefore, catalpol ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in IEC-6 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qifu He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shenghui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhiming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu L, Xu G, Sun N, Yao J, Wang C, Zhang W, Tian K, Liu M, Sun H. Catalpol ameliorates dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the activation of PKD1 promoter. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 153:221-231. [PMID: 37973220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of CA on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and lucubrate the underlying mechanism of CA via the activation of polycystic kidney disease-1(PKD1) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS In vivo, a GIOP model in mice treated with dexamethasone (Dex) was established. Biomechanical, micro-CT, immunofluorescence staining of OCN, ALP and PKD1 and others were severally determined. qRT-PCR and Western blot methods were adopted to elucidate the particular mechanisms of CA on GIOP. In addition, BMSCs cultured in vitro were also induced by Dex to verify the effects of CA. Finally, siRNA and luciferase activity assays were performed to confirm the mechanisms. RESULTS We found that CA could restore the destroyed bone microarchitecture and increase the bone mass in GIOP mice. CA could also upregulate PKD1 protein expression, reduce oxidative stress, and promote mRNA expression of bone formation-associated markers in GIOP mice. Furthermore, it was also observed that CA reduced oxidative stress and promoted osteogenic differentiation in Dex-induced BMSCs. Mechanically, CA could promote protein expression via increasing the activity of PKD1 promoter. CONCLUSION This study provides important evidences for CA in the further clinical treatment of GIOP, reveals the activation of PKD1 promoter as the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Office of Ethics Committee, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wanhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Huijun Sun
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng ZJ, Wang LS, Ma X, Li K, Li XY, Tang Y, Peng CJ. Catapol attenuates the aseptic inflammatory response to hepatic I/R injury in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway via the microRNA-410-3p. Mol Immunol 2023; 164:66-78. [PMID: 37979473 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury involves inflammatory necrosis of liver cells as a significant pathological mechanism. Catapol possesses anti-inflammatory activity that is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, Rehmannia glutinosa. METHODS The liver function and histopathology, Oxidative stress, and aseptic inflammatory responses were assessed in vivo, and the strongest dose group was selected. For mechanism, the expression of miR-410-3p, HMGB1, and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathways was detected. The dual luciferase assay can verify the targeting relationship between miR-410-3p and HMGB1. Knockdown of miR-410-3p in L02 cells is applied in interference experiments. RESULTS CAT pre-treatment significantly decreased the liver function markers alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and reduced the areas of hemorrhage and necrosis induced by hepatic I/R injury. Additionally, it reduced the aseptic inflammatory response and oxidative stress, with the strongest protective effect observed in the high-dose CAT group. Mechanistically, CAT downregulates HMGB1, inhibits TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation, and reduces inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and IL-1β. In addition, the I/R-induced downregulation of microRNA-410-3p was inhibited by CAT pre-treatment in vivo and in vitro. HMGB1 was identified as a potential target of microRNA-410-3p using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of microRNA-410-3p abolished the inhibitory effect of CAT on HMGB1, p-NF-κB, and p-IκB-α protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that CAT pre-treatment has a protective effect against hepatic I/R injury in rats. Specifically, CAT attenuates the aseptic inflammatory response to hepatic I/R injury in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway via the microRNA-410-3p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Jie Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liu Song Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Yao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ci Jun Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia J, Chen J, Wang G, Li M, Zheng Q, Li D. Progress of research into the pharmacological effect and clinical application of the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmanniae Radix. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115809. [PMID: 37907043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Rehmanniae Radix (RR) refers to the fresh or dried root tuber of the plant Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch of the family Scrophulariaceae. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it possesses multiple effects, including analgesia, sedation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-tumor, immunomodulation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation, and nerve damage repair, and it has been widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, scientists have extensively studied the active components and pharmacological effects of RR. Active ingredients mainly include iridoid glycosides (such as catalpol and aucuboside), phenylpropanoid glycosides (such as acteoside), other saccharides, and unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the Chinese patent medicine (CPM) and Chinese decoction related to RR have also become major research subjects for TCM practitioners; one example is the Bolus of Six Drugs, which includes Rehmannia, Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction, and Siwu Decoction. This article reviews recent literature on RR; summarizes the studies on its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications; and analyzes the progress and limitations of current investigations to provide reference for further exploration and development of RR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Jia
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guoli Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minjing Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun S, Xu Y, Yu N, Zhang M, Wang J, Wan D, Tian Z, Zhu H. Catalpol Alleviates Ischemic Stroke Through Promoting Angiogenesis and Facilitating Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via the VEGF-A/KDR Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6227-6247. [PMID: 37439957 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death globally with a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Catalpol is a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmannia glutinosa and it has been shown to be protective against various neurological diseases. The potential roles of catalpol against ischemic stroke are still not completely clear. In this study, we examined the effect and mechanism of catalpol against ischemic stroke using in vivo rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. We demonstrated that catalpol indeed attenuated the neurological deficits caused by dMCAO and improved neurological function. Catalpol remarkably promoted angiogenesis, promoted proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation in the ischemic cortex or hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in vivo. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR, VEGFR-2) inhibitor SU5416 and VEGF-A shRNA were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that SU5416 administration or VEGF-A-shRNA transfection both attenuated the effects of catalpol. We also found that catalpol promoted the proliferation of cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs subjected to OGD insult in vitro. Interestingly, the impact of catalpol on cultured cells was also inhibited by SU5416. Moreover, catalpol was shown to protect NSCs against OGD indirectly by promoting BMEC proliferation in the co-cultured system. Taken together, catalpol showed therapeutic potential in cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis and NSC proliferation and differentiation. The protective effects of catalpol were mediated through VEGF-A/KDR pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ningxi Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou P, Li H, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Li X, Yan H, Lin W, Xu B, Deng H, Qiu X. Omics analyses of Rehmannia glutinosa dedifferentiated and cambial meristematic cells reveal mechanisms of catalpol and indole alkaloid biosynthesis. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:463. [PMID: 37794352 PMCID: PMC10552359 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehmannia glutinosa is a rich source of terpenoids with a high medicinal reputation. The present study compared dedifferentiated cells (DDCs) and cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) cell cultures of R. glutinosa for terpenoid (catalpol) and indole alkaloid (IA) biosynthesis. In this regard, we used widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptome sequencing approaches together with the comparison of cell morphology, cell death (%), and catalpol production at different time points. RESULTS We were able to identify CMCs based on their morphology and hypersensitivity to zeocin. CMCs showed higher dry weight content and better catalpol production compared to DDCs. The metabolome analysis revealed higher concentrations of IA, terpenoids, and catalpol in CMCs compared to DDCs. The transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that a total of 27,201 genes enriched in 139 pathways were differentially expressed. The higher catalpol concentration in CMCs is related to the expression changes in genes involved in acetyl-CoA and geranyl-PP biosynthesis, which are precursors for monoterpenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the expressions of the four primary genes involved in monoterpenoid biosynthesis (NMD, CYP76A26, UGT6, and CYP76F14), along with a squalene monooxygenase, exhibit a strong association with the distinct catalpol biosynthesis. Contrarily, expression changes in AADC, STR, and RBG genes were consistent with the IA biosynthesis. Finally, we discussed the phytohormone signaling and transcription factors in relation to observed changes in metabolome. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study provides novel data for improving the catalpol and IA biosynthesis in R. glutinosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Haihua Li
- School of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Innovative Technical College, Dongguan, 523946, China
| | - Yujin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yinzi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yiheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Weiming Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Beilu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Huiting Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiaoqi Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Dai Y, Xiao Y, Liu Q. Protective effects of catalpol on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: A comprehensive review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1089-1101. [PMID: 38024856 PMCID: PMC10657971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, has gained attention due to its potential use in treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). This extensive review delves into recent studies on catalpol's protective properties in relation to various CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The review also explores the compound's anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic characteristics, emphasizing the role of vital signaling pathways, including PGC-1α/TERT, PI3K/Akt, AMPK, Nrf2/HO-1, estrogen receptor (ER), Nox4/NF-κB, and GRP78/PERK. The article discusses emerging findings on catalpol's ability to alleviate diabetic cardiovascular complications, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular-related conditions. Although clinical studies specifically addressing catalpol's impact on CVDs are scarce, the compound's established safety and well-tolerated nature suggest that it could be a valuable treatment alternative for CVD patients. Further investigation into catalpol and related iridoid derivatives may unveil new opportunities for devising natural and efficacious CVD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie ZY, Cao HW, Wang Q, Lu H, Du W. Catalpol inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation by reducing the formation and changing the contents of hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:723-736. [PMID: 36508052 PMCID: PMC10409968 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is the central event in hepatic fibrosis. The cross-talk between HSCs and hepatocytes, which is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), affects HSC activation. This study aimed to investigate whether Catalpol (CTP) attenuated hepatic fibrosis via modulating EVs. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 for 4 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis. They were gavaged with CTP daily. Mouse serum EVs were isolated and identified using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Mouse hepatocytes (AML12) and primary HSCs were used to investigate the cell-to-cell crosstalk. The autophagosome-autolysosome fusion was determined using the autophagic flux assay. Hepatic fibrosis was attenuated by CTP, with a decrease of the myofibroblast marker, alpha-smooth muscle actin. The CTP treatment lowered the serum EVs. The co-culture of HSCs and the EVs derived from the CTP-treated mice or hepatocytes reduced HSC proliferation and the expressions of ACTA2 and Col1a1. After the CCl4 treatment, the autophagosomes in AML12 cells were increased, while the autolysosomes were reduced. The decrease of autophagic cargo receptor SQSTM1 in the CTP group suggested that autophagic degradation was sustained. After inhibiting the endogenous Rac1-GTP of hepatocytes, the co-culture of EVs and HSCs reduced Rac1-GTP. The Rac1-GTP level in serum EVs from the CTP-treated mice was reduced in vivo. CTP inhibited autophagy in hepatocytes by reducing Rac1-GTP and thus affect the amount of Rac1-GTP in hepatocyte-derived EVs and the formation of EVs, which attenuated hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Mingde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng-Wei Cao
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen Du
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li S, Tian Z, Xian X, Yan C, Li Q, Li N, Xu X, Hou X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Xue S, Ma S, Cui S, Sun L, Yao X. Catalpol rescues cognitive deficits by attenuating amyloid β plaques and neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115026. [PMID: 37336148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the anti-amyloid β (Aβ) and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of catalpol in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. METHODS The effects of catalpol on Aβ formation were investigated by thioflavin T assay. The effect of catalpol on generating inflammatory cytokines from microglial cells and the cytotoxicity of microglial cells on HT22 hippocampal cells were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, redox reactions, and cell viability. APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice were treated with catalpol, and their cognitive ability was investigated using the water maze and novel object recognition tests. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to probe for protein markers of microglia and astrocyte, Aβ deposits, and NF-κB pathway activity. Aβ peptides, neuroinflammation, and nitric oxide production were examined using ELISA and redox reactions. RESULTS Catalpol potently inhibited Aβ fibril and oligomer formation. In microglial cells stimulated by Aβ, catalpol alleviated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) but promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Catalpol alleviated the cytotoxic effects of Aβ-exposed microglia on HT22 cells. Treatment with catalpol in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice downregulated neuroinflammation production, decreased Aβ deposits in the brains and alleviated cognitive impairment. Catalpol treatment decreased the number of IBA-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes and their activities of the NF-κB pathway in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. CONCLUSION The administration of catalpol protected neurons by preventing neuroinflammation and Aβ deposits in an AD mouse model. Therefore, catalpol may be a promising strategy for treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Department of Technology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuihuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaokang Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojie Hou
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinan Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sisi Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengkai Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuanlong Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Yao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qin B, Yu X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wan H, Li L, Zhang M, Zhang M, Zhang W. Magnetic molecularly-imprinted microspheres with a core-shell structure for the extraction of catalpol from both Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464183. [PMID: 37454456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the successful development of a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for the separation and detection of catalpol in Rehmannia glutinosa extract and biological samples. Catalpol was used as the template molecule for the MMIPs, which were synthesized using the reverse prediction approach and differential UV-visible spectra to optimize the synthesis conditions. The resulting MMIPs were characterized using techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry, which confirmed their excellent nuclear shell construction and simple rapid magnetic separation. Static and dynamic adsorption experiments were performed to assess the sensitivity, repeatability, and adsorption capacity of the MMIPs. Adsorption capacity was found to be high (59.09 µg/mg). The MMIPs also exhibited strong identification specificity for catalpol analogs (IF = 2.41). Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) was optimized to establish an MSPE-HPLC approach based on the MMIPs. Under ideal conditions, the new method showed excellent determination coefficient (R2 > 0.99) in the ranges of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL and 0.03-0.18 mg/mL for R. glutinosa extract and biological material, respectively, with limits of detection of 5.4 ng/mL and 1.7 ng/mL. The novelty of this research lies in the preparation of magnetic surface MMIPs using a magnetic carrier. These MMIPs exhibit excellent magnetic properties and possess specific adsorption capability for catalpol, enabling rapid separation. They offer advantages such as low cost, high specificity, chemical stability, physical robustness, and recyclability (97.09%-106.53%, 91.32%-100.99%). The application of these polymers in the pretreatment method for determining the catalpol content in R. glutinosa extract and biological samples enhances the extraction efficiency and detection accuracy for catalpol. It eliminates interference and influences from other components in catalpol determination while exhibiting high sensitivity, good enrichment effects, excellent reusability, and a high recovery rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongle Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
El Sayed A, El Hawary S, Elimam H, Saleh AM, Zokalih AH, Mohyeldin MM, Bassam SM. ESI-LC-MS/MS based comparative multivariate metabolomic and biological profiling with dynamic molecular docking of Gmelina arborea Roxb different organs. Fitoterapia 2023; 168:105540. [PMID: 37207792 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, and seeds' extracts of Gmelina arborea Roxb was performed for first time to investigate their anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, and antidiabetic activities. A thorough comparative phytochemical investigation of the five organs was performed using Tandem ESI-LC-MS. The biological investigation, further aided by multivariate data analysis and molecular docking proved the highly significant potential of using G.arborea organs' extracts as medicinal agents. Chemometric analysis of the obtained data revealed 4 distinct clusters among different samples of the 5 G.arborea (GA)organs and also confirmed that each organ was chemically distinct from the others, except for fruits and seeds which were closely correlated. Compounds anticipated to be responsible for activity were identified by LC-MS/MS. To clarify the differential chemical biomarkers of G. arborea organs, an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was constructed. Bark exhibited it's in vitro anti-inflammatory activity through down regulation of COX-1 pro-inflammatory markers while fruits and leaves affected mainly DPP4 the marker for diabetes, and flowers were the most potent against Alzheimer maker acetylcholine (ACE) esterase. The metabolomic profiling of the 5 extracts lead to the identification of 27 compounds in negative ion mode and the differences in chemical composition were correlated to difference in activity. Iridoid glycosides were the major class of identified compounds. Molecular docking proved the different affinities of our metabolite towards different targets. Gmelina arborea Roxb. is a very important plant both economically and medicinally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini 11562, Egypt.
| | - Seham El Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman M Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Amaal H Zokalih
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Mohyeldin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Samar M Bassam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ni H, Rui Q, Kan X, Gao R, Zhang L, Zhang B. Catalpol Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:681-695. [PMID: 36315368 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are deemed the prime causes of neurological damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Catalpol, an active ingredient of Rehmannia glutinosa, has been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of catalpol against TBI and the underlying mechanisms of action of catalpol. A rat model of TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact. Catalpol (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered via intravenous injection 1 h post trauma and then once daily for 3 consecutive days. Following behavioural tests performed 72 h after TBI, the animals were sacrificed and pericontusional areas of the brain were collected for neuropathological experiments and analysis. Treatment with catalpol significantly ameliorated neurological impairment, blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral oedema, and neuronal apoptosis after TBI (P < 0.05). Catalpol also attenuated TBI-induced oxidative insults, as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species generation; decreased malondialdehyde levels; and enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05). Catalpol promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzyme HO-1 following TBI (P < 0.05). Moreover, catalpol treatment markedly inhibited posttraumatic microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β (P < 0.05). Taken together, these findings reveal that catalpol provides neuroprotection against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation after TBI in rats. Therefore, catalpol may be a novel treatment strategy for TBI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qin Rui
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xugang Kan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Baole Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meng S, Chen H, Deng C, Meng Z. Catalpol Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease Progression by Promoting the Expression of Neural Stem Cell Exosomes Released miR-138-5p. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:41-56. [PMID: 36595161 PMCID: PMC9944361 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease, AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by senile plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. The pathogenesis of AD is complicated and the drugs used to treat AD are single-targeted drugs, which can only improve or alleviate the symptoms of patients, but cannot delay or prevent the progress of the disease. Because of its ability to act on multiple targets, multiple systems, multiple links, and multiple pathways, Chinese herbal compound prescriptions have shown unique advantages in the research and treatment of AD. Our previous study has demonstrated the protect role of the Chinese medicine Rehmannia in AD. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, both in vitro and vivo experiments were employed, and we found Catalpol (Ca), the main extract of Rehmannia, could mitigate AD progression both in vitro and in vivo by promoting miR-138-5p level in neural stem cell secreted exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xuhui District, No.600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xuhui District, No.600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chunjun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xuhui District, No.600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- Second Clinical Medicine College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu J, Du J, Li Y, Wang F, Song D, Lin J, Li B, Li L. Catalpol induces apoptosis in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of mitochondria apoptosis pathway and post-translational modifications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116215. [PMID: 36067808 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a fatal cancer with the highest mortality in female. New strategies for anti-breast cancer are still urgently needed. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Rehmannia glutinosa, has shown anticancer efficacy in various cancer cells. However, its effect on breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-breast cancer activity of catalpol and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and morphology change showed that catalpol could inhibit the proliferation and viability of MCF-7 cells. Catalpol administration reduced the tumor volume in xenograft model. Catalpol induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. In vivo, catalpol also induced apoptosis as seen from the increased level of terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) in tumor. According to JC-1 and Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was found in MCF-7 cells treated with catalpol. Furthermore, catalpol also increased the level of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and activity of caspase-3 in MCF-7 cells. Likewise, histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) assay also found that catalpol enhanced the levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 in breast cancer tissues. Ultimately, acetylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation and lactylation were dramatically increased, whereas succinylation, malonylation and phosphorylation were markedly decreased in the breast cancer tumor treated with catalpol. Taken together, catalpol inhibited breast cancer in vitro and in vivo through induction of apoptosis via mitochondria apoptosis pathway and regulation of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). Thus, it can be considered as an excellent candidate compound for treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jierong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jikun Du
- Central Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Bao'an Shenzhen (Group) Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Fuwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Daibo Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Baohong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao J, Tan Y, Feng Z, Zhou Y, Wang F, Zhou G, Yan J, Nie X. Catalpol attenuates polycystic ovarian syndrome by regulating sirtuin 1 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100671. [PMID: 35905692 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Catalpol (CAT) is the active ingredient of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch which has therapeutic effect on PCOS. However, little is known about the mechanism of CAT in PCOS. PCOS rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosteronec for four weeks and then were treated with CAT (50 mg/kg) or carboxyl methyl cellulose (the solvent of CAT) or normal saline for another 4 weeks. Histopathological observation of ovarian tissues, the levels of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone in rat plasma samples, the oxidative stress related-indexes and the expressions of NF-κB pathway-related proteins were determined. KGN cell (human ovarian granulosa cell line) was used as PCOS cell model and was transfected with siSIRT1 in the presence of CAT. The viability, proliferation and apoptosis of cells and the levels of SIRT1 and NF-κB pathway-related proteins were measured. CAT lessened the anthropometric indices and improved ovarian damage in PCOS model rats, and reduced the levels of testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and MDA, increased GSH content, and elevated the activities of catalase, GSH-Px and SOD in ovarian tissues of PCOS model rats. CAT up-regulated SIRT1 level and inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in PCOS rat model and KGN cells. Silencing SIRT1 increased the viability and proliferation, whilst decreased the apoptosis of CAT-treated KGN cells. Silencing SIRT1 counteracted the effect of CAT on the level of oxidative stress-related factors and NF-κB signaling pathway in KGN cells. CAT attenuated PCOS by regulating SIRT1 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Y, Du Z, Li D, Wan Z, Zheng T, Zhang X, Yu Y, Yang X, Cai Q. Catalpol modulating the crosstalking between mesenchymal stromal cells and macrophages via paracrine to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113269. [PMID: 35817196 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inflammatory responses associated with defect occurrence and materials implantation, immunoregulation has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance bone regeneration. It has been widely reported that a material could facilitate osteogenesis if it can guide macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, vice versa, a substrate will influence macrophage phenotype if it is osteoinductive. However, few studies have looked into the intercellular crosstalking directly. Herein, the compound catalpol was selected for its multiple functions to study the interactions between bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and macrophages. This iridoid glucoside exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory and osteoinductive activities. The effects of catalpol on mediating M1/M2 polarization of macrophages, inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis were systematically investigated to correlate the biological responses of BMSCs and macrophages. To extend its in vivo application, the catalpol was then loaded onto an electrospun polylactide/gelatin composite fibrous mesh and subcutaneously implanted to evaluate the local inflammation and ectopic osteogenesis. The results revealed that the functions of catalpol displayed in modulating cellular behaviors are via cell paracrine to strengthen intercellular crosstalking, hence demonstrating that catalpol itself could serve as a promising bioactive stimulator for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Du J, Liu J, Huang X, Li Y, Song D, Li Q, Lin J, Li B, Li L. Catalpol Ameliorates Neurotoxicity in N2a/APP695swe Cells and APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Neurotox Res 2022. [PMID: 35699892 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive decline of memory and cognitive deficits. Because of its complicated pathogenesis, the prevention and therapy of AD remain an enormous challenge. It has been reported that catalpol possessed neuroprotective effects against AD. However, the involved mechanism still needs to be intensively studied. Therefore, the effects of catalpol on N2a/APP695swe cells and APP/PS1 mice were identified in the current study. Catalpol could improve cytotoxicity according to CCK-8 assay and ameliorate cellular morphological changes in N2a/APP695swe cells. Neuronal structural damage in the hippocampal CA1 region of APP/PS1 AD mice was improved according to HE staining and immunohistochemistry of NeuN. Meanwhile, catalpol administration ameliorated cognitive deficits confirmed by behavior performance of APP/PS1 mice. Hoechst 33,342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining demonstrated that catalpol could reduce apoptosis in N2a/APP695swe cells. Likewise, TUNEL staining also manifested that catalpol significantly reduced apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region of APP/PS1 mice. Catalpol administration also could improve mitochondrial functions indicated by the ameliorative mitochondrial morphology, the decreased ROS generation, and the increased MMP in N2a/APP695swe cells. Subsequently, catalpol restrained oligomerization of Aβ1-42, verified by a reduced ThT fluorescence dose- and time-dependently. Additionally, both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 aggregation were decreased in N2a/APP695swe cells and APP/PS1 mice administrated with catalpol confirmed by ELISA and western blot. Western blot also showed that catalpol facilitated the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β, and impeded the expression of BACE1 both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, a slight alteration in lactylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and phosphorylation were found in N2a/APP695swe cells treated with catalpol. Together, these findings manifested that catalpol served a neuroprotective effect in AD and might be a novel and expecting prophylactic or curative candidate for AD or neurodegenerative diseases therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen D, Guo J, Li L. Catalpol promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:802-808. [PMID: 32096418 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1727927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered to be associated with the pathogenesis of joint diseases. Catalpol is an active traditional Chinese medicine ingredient named Di-Huang, which is used widely to treat different diseases. In this study, we found the addition of catalpol in chondrocytes induced the expression of crucial mitochondrial regulators, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Catalpol promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, as revealed by the induction on the mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) and the expression of several mitochondrial genes including translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 22 (Tomm22), translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 (Tomm70), mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit 50 (Timm50), NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulphur protein 3 (NDUFS3), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit D (ATP5d), and cytochrome B. Consequently, catalpol increased cytochrome c oxidase activity, the mitochondrial respiratory rate, and the extracellular ATP production, indicating that catalpol boosted mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, catalpol increased the activation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), and the inhibition of CREB abolished catalpol-mediated promotion on mitochondrial biogenesis. In summary, this study demonstrated that catalpol has the potential to be used in the treatment of joint diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Longguang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang S, Jiang H, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Zhou T, Zhang J, He Y, Ren C, Pei J. A comparative study on the traditional versus modern yellow rice wine processing methods using Taohong Siwu Decoction for pharmaceutical production. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 290:115114. [PMID: 35181489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is based on the "First Recipe of Gynecology." It is widely used in various blood stasis and deficiency syndromes, mainly in gynecological blood stasis, irregular menstruation, and dysmenorrhea. THSWD has great demand in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), gynecology, orthopedics, and internal medicine. According to classical records, three medicinal materials, namely Rehmanniae radix, Angelica sinensis, and Carthamus tinctorius, used in THSWD need to be "washed with yellow rice wine." In the study of TCM prescriptions, the processing methods of medicinal materials not only needed to follow traditional records but also should consider modern technical conditions. Many medicinal materials in the repertoire of classical prescriptions involve yellow rice wine processing. Determining the processing method for medicinal materials is a key and difficult problem in the research and development of classical prescriptions. AIM OF THE STUDY With THSWD as the representative, this study analyzed differences between no processing method, the modern processing method of "stir-frying the materials with yellow rice wine," and the traditional processing method of "washing with yellow rice wine." We focused on three aspects: composition, efficacy, and endogenous metabolism. This study aimed to provide a reference for research on the processing methods of medicinal materials used in classical prescriptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to quickly identify and classify the main chemical compounds of THSWD. A model of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) was established using estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin. The latent period and writhing time; the levels of serum PGF2α, PGE2, ET-1, and β-EP; and the pathological sections of the uterus were observed to determine their pharmacodynamic differences. GC-TOF/MS was used to analyze the differences in serum metabolites in rats. RESULTS A total of 54 active compounds were identified, and the results showed that catalpol and rehmapicroside disappeared following yellow rice wine processing. Compared with materials processed by the traditional method, the relative contents of 15 components, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and digitalis C, increased in materials processed by the modern method. However, the relative contents of 16 components, such as hydroxysafflor yellow A, verbascoside, and ferulic acid, decreased in the modern processing method. The modern and classic processing methods acted on PD through different metabolic pathways. THSWD obtained by classical processing methods mainly treated PD through anti-inflammatory and estrogen metabolism pathways, whereas THSWD obtained by modern processing methods mainly treated PD through anti-inflammatory metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION The study revealed the differences in different yellow rice wine processing methods in terms of chemical composition of the THSWD obtained, as well as the mechanisms of action for the treatment of PD. This study provides a reference for the clinical application of THSWD and development of classical prescription preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ge H, Lin W, Lou Z, Chen R, Shi H, Zhao Q, Lin Z. Catalpol alleviates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Microvasc Res 2022; 140:104302. [PMID: 34919942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is a major problem in the clinical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy, and its specific underlying mechanisms are complicated and still unclear. A number of studies have indicated that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxidase-1(HO-1) signaling pathway might serve as an important target for the management of MI/RI. Catalpol is a kind of iridoid glucoside that has been found to exhibit diverse anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was aimed at investigating the role of Catalpol in targeting MI/RI and its related mechanisms in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro and a preclinical ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. METHODS This study using both in vitro and in vivo models investigated the possible role and underlying mechanisms used by Catalpol for modulating of MI/RI. The potential effects of Catalpol on the viability of cardiomyocytes were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The phenotypes of myocardial injury, oxidative stress and inflammation markers were measured by western blot, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) etc. Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that Catalpol significantly suppressed the process of MI/RI and protected OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the various markers of inflammation and suppressing oxidative stress. Additionally, mechanistically it was also demonstrated that Catalpol could effectively activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to suppress the damage caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in MI/RI. CONCLUSION In summary, the findings suggest that Catalpol exerted significant cardioprotective effects following myocardial ischemia, possibly through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325400, China
| | - Zhiling Lou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ruiheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Haochun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qifeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang L, Li C, Fu L, Yu Z, Xu G, Zhou J, Shen M, Feng Z, Zhu H, Xie T, Zhou L, Zhou X. Protection of catalpol against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12759. [PMID: 35036109 PMCID: PMC8742543 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol significantly reduces triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity, which is closely related to autophagy. The aim of this study was to explore the unclear protective mechanism of catalpol against triptolide. The detoxification effect of catalpol on triptolide was investigated in HepaRG cell line. The detoxification effects were assessed by measuring cell viability, autophagy, and apoptosis, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein and mRNA expression levels. We found that 5-20 µg/L triptolide treatments increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the expression of autophagy proteins including LC3 and Beclin1. The expression of P62 was downregulated and the production of autophagosomes was increased, as determined by transmission electron microscope and monodansylcadaverine staining. In contrast, 40 µg/L catalpol reversed these triptolide-induced changes in the liver function index, autophagy level, and apoptotic protein expression, including Cleaved-caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase9 by inhibiting excessive autophagy. Simultaneously, catalpol reversed endoplasmic reticulum stress, including the expression of PERK, which regulates autophagy. Moreover, we used the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 to prove that the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway of the unfolded protein response is an important pathway that could induce autophagy. Catalpol inhibited excessive autophagy by suppressing the PERK pathway. Altogether, catalpol protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. The results of this study are beneficial to clarify the detoxification mechanism of catalpol against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity and to promote the application of triptolide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linluo Zhang
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China,Department of Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gengrui Xu
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Department of First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shi W, Zhang W, Wang J. Catalpol Alleviates Isoflurane-Induced Hippocampal Learning and Memory Dysfunction and Neuropathological Changes in Aged Mice. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:414-424. [PMID: 35545014 DOI: 10.1159/000524236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isoflurane-associated perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) is a common complication that occurs commonly in elderly patients characterized by deterioration of hippocampus-dependent cognitive function. Mounting evidence has shown that hippocampal impairment and inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of PNDs. Catalpol has been suggested to play a role in the modulation of neuroprotection and neurotransmission. Therefore, we surmised that catalpol may play a similar role during isoflurane-induced PNDs. METHODS In our current study, aged mice were exposed to isoflurane to develop a mouse model of PNDs and preconditioned with catalpol for 2 weeks before modeling. Three weeks after isoflurane exposure, behavioral, histological, biochemical, electrophysiological, and immunofluorescent assays were performed. RESULTS Our results showed that catalpol preadministration significantly alleviated cognitive impairment in the Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze behavioral tests. Neuropathological analyses showed that catalpol preadministration reduced the loss of neurons and synapses; in line with this, it is revealed that hippocampal synaptic plasticity was restored. Mechanistically, catalpol preadministration suppressed the activation of microglia and decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that catalpol preadministration could effectively alleviate cognitive impairment and neuropathological damage in isoflurane-exposed aged mice with its neuroprotective effects via modulation of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway was revealed to be involved in these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
El-Hanboshy SM, Helmy MW, Abd-Alhaseeb MM. Catalpol synergistically potentiates the anti-tumour effects of regorafenib against hepatocellular carcinoma via dual inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7233-7242. [PMID: 34596810 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06715-0/figures/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer characterized by dysregulation of several crucial cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 pathways. Novel therapies targeting these pathways have been discovered such as regorafenib which is small molecular multi-kinase inhibitor mainly targets VEGF/VEGFR2. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside richly found in rehmannia glutinosa which is a fundamental herb used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. It is evidenced that catalpol has many pharmacological effects on nervous and cardiovascular systems, in addition to exhibiting hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumour activities. However, its effect on HCC isn't clear enough. So, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumour effects of catalpol either alone or in combination with regorafenib on HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro experiments were performed using HepG2 and HUH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. MTT assays evaluated anti-proliferative effects of catalpol and/or regorafenib. Combination index was calculated via compusyn software to detect synergism. Tumour biomarkers were measured using ELISA technique. Results showed that catalpol has anti-tumour effects against HCC via targeting PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 pathways. In addition, results revealed that our novel combination of catalpol and regorafenib showed potent synergistic anti-tumour effect via suppressing both of PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways and their downstreams. CONCLUSION Catalpol and/or regorafenib markedly suppressed PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways and consequently showed potent anti-tumour effects against HCC. Results encourage further pre-clinical and clinical studies of this novel combination as a promising targeted therapy for HCC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muhammad El-Hanboshy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt.
| | - Maged Wasfy Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
El-Hanboshy SM, Helmy MW, Abd-Alhaseeb MM. Catalpol synergistically potentiates the anti-tumour effects of regorafenib against hepatocellular carcinoma via dual inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7233-7242. [PMID: 34596810 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer characterized by dysregulation of several crucial cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 pathways. Novel therapies targeting these pathways have been discovered such as regorafenib which is small molecular multi-kinase inhibitor mainly targets VEGF/VEGFR2. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside richly found in rehmannia glutinosa which is a fundamental herb used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. It is evidenced that catalpol has many pharmacological effects on nervous and cardiovascular systems, in addition to exhibiting hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumour activities. However, its effect on HCC isn't clear enough. So, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumour effects of catalpol either alone or in combination with regorafenib on HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro experiments were performed using HepG2 and HUH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. MTT assays evaluated anti-proliferative effects of catalpol and/or regorafenib. Combination index was calculated via compusyn software to detect synergism. Tumour biomarkers were measured using ELISA technique. Results showed that catalpol has anti-tumour effects against HCC via targeting PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 pathways. In addition, results revealed that our novel combination of catalpol and regorafenib showed potent synergistic anti-tumour effect via suppressing both of PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways and their downstreams. CONCLUSION Catalpol and/or regorafenib markedly suppressed PI3K/p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways and consequently showed potent anti-tumour effects against HCC. Results encourage further pre-clinical and clinical studies of this novel combination as a promising targeted therapy for HCC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Muhammad El-Hanboshy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt.
| | - Maged Wasfy Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shu A, Du Q, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Lv G, Lu J, Chen Y, Xu H. Catalpol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via suppression of RAGE/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109625. [PMID: 34416245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside compound isolated from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, which has been reported to be a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic diseases. The present study aimed at investigating the effects and potential mechanism of catalpol on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). We constructed DN mice and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced mouse glomerular endothelial cells (mGECs) injury model. The results demonstrated that catalpol effectively improved renal pathology and decreased levels of urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in DN mice. Catalpol significantly reduced endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory infiltration of macrophages in DN mice and AGEs-induced mGECs. To further study the protective mechanism of catalpol, we transfected DN mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus expressing receptor of AGEs (RAGE) and intervened AGEs-induced mGECs with inhibitors. Catalpol reversed endothelial dysfunction and inflammation aggravated by RAGE overexpression in DN mice. Meanwhile, catalpol significantly inhibited the RAGE/Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in DN mice with RAGE overexpression. Moreover, the combination of catalpol with inhibitors of RAGE, RhoA and ROCK exerted stronger anti-endothelial dysfunction and anti-macrophage infiltration effects on AGEs-induced mGECs compared with catalpol alone. In short, this study indicated that catalpol could ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and inflammation via suppression of RAGE/RhoA/ROCK pathway, hereby delaying the progression of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmei Shu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliate of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Gaohong Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinfu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China.
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Song L, Wu X, Wang J, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Gong M, Wang Y, Li B. Antidepressant effect of catalpol on corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior involves the inhibition of HPA axis hyperactivity, central inflammation and oxidative damage probably via dual regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:81-91. [PMID: 34500039 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and mechanism of catalpol on corticosterone (CORT)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice for the first time. As a result, CORT injection induced depressive-like behaviors of mice in behavioral tests, aggravated the serum CORT, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and corticotropin-releasing hormone levels, and conspicuously elevated the phosphorylations of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, and down-regulated the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, CORT exposure dramatically augmented the levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, and attenuated the levels of antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, total superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1 in the mouse hippocampus and frontal cortex. On the contrary, catalpol administration markedly suppressed the abnormalities of the above indicators. From the overall results, this study displayed that catalpol exerted a beneficial effect on CORT-induced depressive-like behavior in mice possibly via the inhibition of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, central inflammation and oxidative damage at least partially through dual regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Song
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yuechen Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingzhu Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bingyin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang X, Liu K, Shi M, Xie L, Deng M, Chen H, Li X. Therapeutic potential of catalpol and geniposide in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: A snapshot of their underlying mechanisms. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:281-295. [PMID: 34216649 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa, the fresh or dried root of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. & Mey., and Gardenia, the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis from Rubiaceae, both are famous traditional Chinese medicines that have been traditionally used in China. Catalpol and geniposide, as two kinds of iridoid glycosides with high activities, are the main bioactive components in Rehmannia glutinosa and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, respectively. Over the past few decades, catalpol and geniposide have been widely studied for their therapeutic effects. The preclinical experiments demonstrated that they possessed significant neuroprotective activities against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and depression, etc. In this paper, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of catalpol and geniposide on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease from 2005 to now were systematically summarized and comprehensively analyzed. At the same time, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the analyzed compounds were also described, hoping to provide some enlightenment for the design, research, and development of iridoid glycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Mingyi Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chiu MH, Hou TY, Fan CK, Chang JH, Lin CL, Huang SC, Lee YL. Catalpol exerts antiallergic effects in IgE/ovalbumin-activated mast cells and a murine model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107782. [PMID: 34022666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mast cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, exerts many biological functions including anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we investigated catalpol to determine both its antiallergic effects on IgE/ovalbumin (OVA)-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and its therapeutic actions in murine allergic asthma. We found that catalpol dramatically suppressed IgE/OVA-induced mast cell degranulation. Meanwhile, 5 ~ 100 μM of catalpol neither affected the expression level of the high-affinity receptor of IgE (FcεRI) by mast cells nor induced mast cell apoptosis. In addition, mRNA expression levels of inflammatory enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, and 5-lipoxygenase were downregulated. Administration of catalpol also suppressed production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-13, while not affecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. Further, catalpol pretreatment significantly attenuated the FcεRI-mediated Akt signaling pathway. In mice with IgE/OVA-induced asthma, oral administration of catalpol remarkably suppressed the production of OVA-specific IgE, the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lungs. Histological studies demonstrated that catalpol substantially inhibited the recruitment of mast cells and increased mucus production in lung tissues. Catalpol-treated mice had significantly lower levels of helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), PGD2, eotaxin-1, and C-X-C chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) than did the allergic group. Collectively, these results indicated that the suppressive effects of catalpol on degranulation and mediator generation by mast cells were beneficial in treating allergic asthma.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiang Z, Wang S, Li H, Dong P, Dong F, Li Z, Dai L, Zhang J. Detection and Identification of Catalpol Metabolites in the Rat Plasma, Urine and Faeces Using Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-orbitrap High-resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:173-184. [PMID: 33243112 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221999201125205515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, is one of the richest bioactive components present in Rehmannia glutinosa. More and more metabolites of drugs have exhibited various pharmacological effects, thus providing guidance for clinical application. However, few researches have paid attention to the metabolism of catalpol. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish a rapid and effective method to identify catalpol metabolites and evaluate the biotransformation pathways of catalpol in rats. METHODS In this study, catalpol metabolites in rat urine, plasma and faeces were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS for the characterization of the metabolism of catalpol. Based on high-resolution extracted ion chromatograms (HREICs) and parallel reaction monitoring mode (PRM), metabolites of catalpol were identified by comparing the diagnostic product ions (DPIs), chromatographic retention times, neutral loss fragments (NLFs) and accurate mass measurement with those of catalpol reference standard. RESULTS A total of 29 catalpol metabolites were detected and identified in both negative and positive ion modes. Nine metabolic reactions, including deglycosylation, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation of methylene to ketone, glucuronidation, glycine conjugation and cysteine conjugation, were proposed. CONCLUSION A rapid and effective method based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS was developed to mine the metabolism information of catalpol. Results of metabolites and biotransformation pathways of catalpol suggested that when orally administrated, catalpol was firstly metabolized into catalpol aglycone, after which phase I and phase II reactions occurred. However, hydrophilic chromatography-mass spectrometry is still needed to further find the polar metabolites of catalpol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Haoran Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Long Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen L, Zhang RY, Xie J, Yang JY, Fang KH, Hong CX, Yang RB, Bsoul N, Yang L. STAT3 activation by catalpol promotes osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, thus accelerating osteoporotic bone repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:108. [PMID: 33541442 PMCID: PMC7863540 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone fracture repair has gained a lot of attention due to the high incidence of delayed union or even nonunion especially in osteoporotic patients, resulting in a dreadful impact on the quality of life. However, current therapies involve the costly expense and hence become unaffordable strategies for fracture recovery. Herein, developing new strategies for better bone repair is essential and urgent. Catalpol treatment has been reported to attenuate bone loss and promote bone formation. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unraveled. METHODS Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from rat femurs. BMSC osteogenic ability was assessed using ALP and ARS staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. BMSC-mediated angiogenic potentials were determined using the western blot analysis, ELISA testing, scratch wound assay, transwell migration assay, and tube formation assay. To investigate the molecular mechanism, the lentivirus transfection was used. Ovariectomized and sham-operated rats with calvaria defect were analyzed using micro-CT, H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining, microfil perfusion, sequential fluorescent labeling, and immunohistochemistry assessment after administrated with/without catalpol. RESULTS Our results manifested that catalpol enhanced BMSC osteoblastic differentiation and promoted BMSC-mediated angiogenesis in vitro. More importantly, this was conducted via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, as knockdown of STAT3 partially abolished beneficial effects in BMSCs. Besides, catalpol administration facilitated bone regeneration as well as vessel formation in an OVX-induced osteoporosis calvarial defect rat model. CONCLUSIONS The data above showed that catalpol could promote osteogenic ability of BMSC and BMSC-dependent angiogenesis through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 axis, suggesting it may be an ideal therapeutic agent for clinical medication of osteoporotic bone fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ri-Yan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jia-Yi Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Kang-Hao Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rong-Bo Yang
- Medical College, Zhejiang Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Najeeb Bsoul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang H, Wu ZM, Yang YP, Shaukat A, Yang J, Guo YF, Zhang T, Zhu XY, Qiu JX, Deng GZ, Shi DM. Erratum to: Catalpol ameliorates LPS-induced endometritis by inhibiting inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:341. [PMID: 32253843 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b19e0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Erratum to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 2019 20(10):816-827. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1900071. The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In p.823, Figs. 8c and 8d were in-correct, and the obvious pathological changes were mistakenly placed in the picture. The correct versions should be as follows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying-Fang Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin-Xia Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gan-Zhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong-Mei Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu A, Zhang B, Zhao W, Tu Y, Wang Q, Li J. Catalpol ameliorates psoriasis-like phenotypes via SIRT1 mediated suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Bioengineered 2020; 12:183-195. [PMID: 33323018 PMCID: PMC8806253 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1863015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects approximately 2% of worldwide population, and causing long-term troubles to the patients. Therefore, it is urgent to develop safe and effective therapeutic drugs. Catalpol is a natural iridoid glucoside, that has several remarkable pharmacological effects, however, whether catalpol can alleviated psoriasis has not been explored. The goal of the present work is to study the role of catalpol in psoriasis in vivo and in vitro. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice were applied with different concentrations of catalpol for 8 consecutive days. The severity degree of psoriasis was estimated and the skin pathological changes were detected by H&E staining. Also, TNF-α-stimulated keratinocytes were treated with different concentrations of catalpol, then the oxidative stress and inflammation factors, as well as the expression of SIRT1 and activation of NF-kB and MAPK pathways were measured. The results showed that catalpol reduced the erythema, scaling, ear thickness, and changed pathological phenotypes in the lesioned skin region in mice. Treatment with catalpol significantly suppressed the oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in vivo and in vitro, as reflected by the decreased secretion or expression of oxidative stress indicators and proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, the SIRT1 was up-regulated and the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways were suppressed by the treatment of catalpol in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our data suggested that catalpol may have a therapeutic property of psoriasis by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation partly through SIRT1 mediated suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Abbreviation: CAT: catalase; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GSH: glutathione; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IMQ: imiquimod; JNK: c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinases; MAPKs: mitogen-activated protein kinases; MDA: malondialdehyde; NC: negative control group; NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B; PASI: psoriasis area and severity index; PVDF: polyvinylidene difluoride membranes; qRT-PCR: quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel; SIRT1: silent information regulator 1; SOD: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Buxin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Tu
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhu Y, Du Q, Jiao N, Shu A, Gao Y, Chen J, Lv G, Lu J, Chen Y, Xu H. Catalpol ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular injury and modulates gut microbiota. Life Sci 2020; 267:118881. [PMID: 33310037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced testicular injury caused by modulation of testicular glycolysis and gut microbiota (GM), and evaluation of the efficacy of catalpol in reversing testicular morbidity. MAIN METHODS A model of DM-induced testicular injury was established using a high-fat diet in KK-Ay mice. Microbial communities in the feces of mice in normal, model and catalpol (Cat) groups were analyzed by 16S gene sequencing. Correlations between the GM and lactate metabolism levels, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and indicators of testicular injury were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS Cat significantly reduced general indicators of diabetes in mice with DM-induced reproductive injury, mitigated damage to the testicular tissue, and increased sperm count and motility. Additionally, the levels of products of glycolysis metabolism (e.g. lactate) increased following Cat treatment compared with the Model group. Disorders in the GM were also reversed in the Cat group. SIGNIFICANCE Cat ameliorated DM-induced testicular injury in KK-Ay mice by increasing the energy available to germ cells through glycolysis, principally through modulation of the GM and a reduction in the quantities of associated pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu Du
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ni Jiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Anmei Shu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaohong Lv
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinfu Lu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang H, Xu X, Yin Y, Yu S, Ren H, Xue Q, Xu X. Catalpol protects vascular structure and promotes angiogenesis in cerebral ischemic rats by targeting HIF-1α/VEGF. Phytomedicine 2020; 78:153300. [PMID: 32866905 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial factor in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of cerebral ischemia is vascular dysfunction in the brain, and vascular remodeling of the brain is the key therapeutic target and strategy for ischemic tissue repair. Catalpol is the main active component of the radix of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, and it exhibits potential pleiotropic protective effects in many brain-related diseases, including stroke. PURPOSE The present study was designed to investigate whether catalpol protects vascular structure and promotes angiogenesis in cerebral ischemic rats and to identify its possible mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Cerebral ischemic rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation-exposed brain microvascular endothelial cells were used to study the therapeutic potential of catalpol in vivo and in vitro. METHODS First, neurological deficits, histopathological morphology, infarct volume, vascular morphology, vessel density, and angiogenesis in focal cerebral ischemic rats were observed to test the potential treatment effects of catalpol. Then, oxygen-glucose deprivation-exposed brain microvascular endothelial cells were used to mimic the pathological changes in vessels during ischemia to study the effects and possible mechanisms of catalpol in protecting vascular structure and promoting angiogenesis. RESULTS The in vivo results showed that catalpol reduced neurological deficit scores and infarct volume, protected vascular structure, and promoted angiogenesis in cerebral ischemic rats. The in vitro results showed that catalpol improved oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced damage and promoted proliferation, migration, and in vitro tube formation of brain microvascular endothelial cells. The HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α)/VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) pathway was activated by catalpol both in the brains of cerebral ischemic rats and in primary brain microvascular endothelial cells, and the activating effects of catalpol were inhibited by SU1498. CONCLUSION The results of both the in vivo and in vitro studies proved that catalpol protects vascular structure and promotes angiogenesis in focal cerebral ischemic rats and that the mechanism is dependent on HIF-1α/VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqi Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huijing Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Hospital, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu D, Zhao L, Jiang J, Li S, Sun Z, Huang X, Li C, Wang T, Sun L, Li X, Jiang Z, Zhang L. A potential therapeutic effect of catalpol in Duchenne muscular dystrophy revealed by binding with TAK1. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1306-1320. [PMID: 32869445 PMCID: PMC7567147 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease caused by the loss of dystrophin, which results in inflammation, fibrosis, and the inhibition of myoblast differentiation in skeletal muscle. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, improves skeletal muscle function by enhancing myogenesis; it has potential to treat DMD. We demonstrate the positive effects of catalpol in dystrophic skeletal muscle. METHODS mdx (loss of dystrophin) mice (n = 18 per group) were treated with catalpol (200 mg/kg) for six consecutive weeks. Serum analysis, skeletal muscle performance and histology, muscle contractile function, and gene and protein expression were performed. Molecular docking and ligand-target interactions, RNA interference, immunofluorescence, and plasmids transfection were utilized to explore the protective mechanism in DMD by which catalpol binding with transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Six weeks of catalpol treatment improved whole-body muscle health in mdx mice, which was characterized by reduced plasma creatine kinase (n = 18, -35.1%, P < 0.05) and lactic dehydrogenase (n = 18, -10.3%, P < 0.05) activity. These effects were accompanied by enhanced grip strength (n = 18, +25.4%, P < 0.05) and reduced fibrosis (n = 18, -29.0% for hydroxyproline content, P < 0.05). Moreover, catalpol treatment protected against muscle fatigue and promoted muscle recovery in the tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm (DIA) muscles (n = 6, +69.8%, P < 0.05 and + 74.8%, P < 0.001, respectively), which was accompanied by enhanced differentiation in primary myoblasts from DMD patients (n = 6, male, mean age: 4.7 ± 1.9 years) and mdx mice. In addition, catalpol eliminated p-TAK1 overexpression in mdx mice (n = 12, -21.3%, P < 0.05) and primary myoblasts. The catalpol-induced reduction in fibrosis and increased myoblast differentiation resulted from the inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation, leading to reduced myoblast trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts. Catalpol inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1 by binding to TAK1, possibly at Asp-206, Thr-208, Asn-211, Glu-297, Lys-294, and Tyr-293. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that catalpol and TAK1 inhibitors substantially improve whole-body muscle health and the function of dystrophic skeletal muscles and may provide a novel therapy for DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengqiu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeren Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xihua Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fu L, Zhou L, Geng S, Li M, Lu W, Lu Y, Feng Z, Zhou X. Catalpol coordinately regulates phase I and II detoxification enzymes of Triptolide through CAR and NRF2 pathways to reduce Triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110379. [PMID: 32563148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), as the main component of Tripterygium Wilfordii (TW), can induce obvious liver injury when exerting the therapeutic effect. However, in our previous study, Catalpol (CAT), the main active ingredient of Rehmannia Glutinosa (RG), was shown to increase the drug clearance rate of TP and to attenuate TP-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus the present study aims to address the roles of phase I and II metabolic enzymes and the nuclear receptors in the detoxification process of TP, to analyze the mechanism of CAT reducing hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, SD rats and human liver cell line L-02 and HepG2 cells were selected, and treated with TP or the combination of TP and CAT in our study. Then the effect of CAT on detoxification of TP was analyzed, and the roles of phase I metabolic enzymes cytochrome P450 3A2/4 (CYP3A2/4) and phase II metabolic enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 (UGT1A6) and their related nuclear receptor regulations were evaluated. It was found that TP inhibited the transcription of CYP3A2/4. And through the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) pathway, CAT not only significantly changed this inhibition and increased the expression of CYP3A2/4 but also increased the expression of CYP2C9, both of which are phase I detoxification enzymes of TP. And with the gene-silenced experiment, it was confirmed that this regulation was CAR-dependent. We also found that CAT could continue to exert a certain protective effect after CAR was silenced, with UGT1A6, the phase II detoxification enzyme of TP, significantly induced. And this was closely related to the enhanced transcriptional regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway. In conclusion, our results reveal that CAT can induce TP's phase I detoxification enzymes CYP3A2/4 and CYP2C9 through the CAR pathway, and induce TP's phase II detoxification enzyme UGT1A6 via the NRF2 pathway when CAR is strongly inhibited. And this coordinate regulation of CAT may be an important source of the effect for CAT to increase TP metabolic conversion and reduce TP hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan Geng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Ming Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Material Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Y, Chen J, Jiang M, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Jiao N, Liu L, Du Q, Wu H, Xu H, Sun J. Loganin and catalpol exert cooperative ameliorating effects on podocyte apoptosis upon diabetic nephropathy by targeting AGEs-RAGE signaling. Life Sci 2020; 252:117653. [PMID: 32277978 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Rehmanniae Radix (RR) and Cornus officinalis (CO) are a typical herbal pair used to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) in clinical practice. DN can be effectively treated by catalpol (Cat) and loganin (Log), the main active components of RR and CO respectively, through combating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Herein, a spontaneous DN and podocyte injury model induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs), i.e. KK-Ay mice, was used to explore the cooperative effects of Log and Cat on DN and the mechanism targeting the AGEs-RAGE (receptor for AGE) pathway. METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS Log and Cat alone or in combination mitigated diabetic symptoms, decreased the level of fasting blood glucose, and increased that of serum insulin. The two drugs alone or in combination protected renal function from damage, prevented extracellular matrix hyperplasia and glycogen deposition, as well as alleviated the loss of podocytes detected by histological assay and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry revealed that Log and Cat alone or in combination relieved the apoptosis of AGEs-induced podocytes in vitro. Silencing RAGE by RNA interference played a protective role in podocyte apoptosis, whereas overexpression of it worked oppositely. Western blot exhibited that Log and Cat alone or in combination inhibited the activation of RAGE/p38 MAPK/p65 NF-κB and RAGE/Nox4/p65 NF-κB pathways in podocytes. The inhibitory effects of drug combination were more evident than those of individual treatments. SIGNIFICANCE Log and Cat cooperatively resisted the apoptosis of podocytes upon DN by targeting AGEs-RAGE and its downstream pathways p38 MAPK and Nox4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Chemistry and Life Science College, Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingxue Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ni Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiu Du
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jihu Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang L, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang S, Ying Y. Therapeutic efficacy of catalpol against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. AMB Express 2020; 10:56. [PMID: 32198560 PMCID: PMC7083986 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia is an irregular heart rhythm that can lead to serious heart conditions and various organ disorders, and may cause sudden cardiac death. Catalpol belongs to the iridoid glycoside family and is highly abundant in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. The study included five groups such as group I (normal control), group II (treatment control), group III (low-dose treatment), group IV (medium-dose treatment) and group V (high-dose treatment). We investigated the therapeutic effects of catalpol on cardiac arrhythmia in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities and protein levels were measured in normal control, treatment control, and treated (1, 10, and 100 µM) iPSC groups. Compared with the treatment control group, catalpol supplementation (1, 10, and 100 µM) increased iPSC cell viability by 7.5, 27.3, and 65.8%, respectively; reduced the LDH levels by 10.4, 31.3, and 75.2%, respectively; and reduced the lipid peroxidation levels by 7.7, 33.0, and 62.6%, respectively. The antioxidant levels were significantly higher in the treatment control group than in the normal control group. Catalpol (100 µM) reduced the caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities by more than 30% and increased expression of the corresponding proteins by more than 50%. These findings suggest that the naturally occurring iridoid glycoside catalpol is effective against aconitine-induced cardiac arrhythmia in iPSCs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim M, Acharya S, Botanas CJ, Custodio RJ, Lee HJ, Sayson LV, Abiero A, Lee YS, Cheong JH, Kim KM, Kim HJ. Catalpol and Mannitol, Two Components of Rehmannia glutinosa, Exhibit Anticonvulsant Effects Probably via GABA A Receptor Regulation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:137-144. [PMID: 31739380 PMCID: PMC7059811 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a brain disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and is usually managed using currently available antiepileptic drugs, which result in adverse effects and are ineffective in approximately 20–25% of patients. Thus, there is growing interest in the development of new antiepileptic drugs with fewer side effects. In a previous study, we showed that a Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) water extract has protective effects against electroshock- and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures, with fewer side effects. In this study, the objective was to identify the RG components that are responsible for its anticonvulsant effects. Initially, a number of RG components (aucubin, acteoside, catalpol, and mannitol) were screened, and the anticonvulsant effects of different doses of catalpol, mannitol, and their combination on electroshock- and chemically (PTZ or strychnine)-induced seizures in mice, were further assessed. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor binding assay and electroencephalography (EEG) analysis were conducted to identify the potential underlying drug mechanism. Additionally, treated mice were tested using open-field and rotarod tests. Catalpol, mannitol, and their combination increased threshold against electroshock-induced seizures, and decreased the percentage of seizure responses induced by PTZ, a GABA antagonist. GABA receptor binding assay results revealed that catalpol and mannitol are associated with GABA receptor activity, and EEG analysis provided evidence that catalpol and mannitol have anticonvulsant effects against PTZ-induced seizures. In summary, our results indicate that catalpol and mannitol have anticonvulsant properties, and may mediate the protective effects of RG against seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Srijan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Custodio
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro Val Sayson
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Arvie Abiero
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Man Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lin R, Hao D, Dong Y, Wang Y. Catalpol ameliorates Sjögren's Syndrome by modulating interplay of T and B cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109806. [PMID: 31951976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol is an active ingredient of Rehmanniae Radix, a medical herb used frequently in treating primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS). However, no study has assessed the therapeutic effects of catalpol in treating Sjogren's Syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of catalpol for pSS by evaluating the water consumption, stimulated salivary flow rates, sialadenitis, T cell subsets and related cytokine levels. Catalpol treated mice had improved stimulated salivary flow rates and water consumption compared to mice from the control group. Catalpol also reduced the lymphocytic infiltration and prevented the formation of ectopic germinal centers. These effects, especially in the catalpol high dose group, were associated with elevated CD4+ CXC-R5+ PD-1+ Foxp3+ T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells (1.572 % vs 1.118 %, P = 0.0005) and a higher ratio of Tfr cells to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells (2.137 vs 1.541, P = 0.0007). Downregulated levels of IFN-γ and BAFF in serum and submandibular glands were also noted in catalpol treated groups. Our work indicated that catalpol might be a potential drug for treating pSS by regulating the interplay between T and B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Donglin Hao
- Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 18 Yangsu Road, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingmei Dong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bhattamisra SK, Yap KH, Rao V, Choudhury H. Multiple Biological Effects of an Iridoid Glucoside, Catalpol and Its Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E32. [PMID: 31878316 PMCID: PMC7023090 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside, is widely distributed in many plant families and is primarily obtained from the root of Rehmanniaglutinosa Libosch. Rehmanniaglutinosa is a plant very commonly used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine for various disorders, including diabetes mellitus, neuronal disorders, and inflammation. Catalpol has been studied extensively for its biological properties both in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to appraise the biological effects of catalpol and their underlying mechanisms. An extensive literature search was conducted using the keyword "Catalpol" in the public domains of Google scholar, PubMed, and Scifinder. Catalpol exhibits anti-diabetic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects in experimental studies. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are mostly related for its biological effect. However, some specific mechanisms are also elucidated. Elevated serotonin and BDNF level by catalpol significantly protect against depression and neurodegeneration. Catalpol demonstrated an increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway for insulin sensitizing effect. Further, its cardiovascular protective effect was linked to PI3K/Akt, apelin/APJ and Jak-Stat pathway. Catalpol produced a significant reduction in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in different cancer conditions. Overall, catalpol demonstrated multiple biological effects due to its numerous mechanisms including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah Heng Yap
- School of Post graduate studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (K.H.Y.); (V.R.)
| | - Vikram Rao
- School of Post graduate studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (K.H.Y.); (V.R.)
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|